CN115024174B - Efficient harvesting and planting method for Chinese chives and chives - Google Patents
Efficient harvesting and planting method for Chinese chives and chives Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency collecting and planting method for chives and chives, which uses biological or physical prevention and control measures such as insect control and core-attracting insect sticking plates and the like, and the chives and chives products are safe to eat, simple and convenient to produce and operate and low in cost. The planting method for orderly collecting the leeks accords with the production speed and nutrition consumption rule of the leeks, the excessive bulb nutrition consumption in the production process of the leeks by softening cultivation is repaired in the production process of the leeks, the danger of weak and even dead plants of the continuously produced leeks is avoided, the bulb nutrition is accumulated by regulating and controlling, the plants are strengthened, the foundation is laid for softening cultivation and high yield, and the method is an effective means for obtaining high yield. The efficient harvesting and planting method for the chives and chives can harvest the chives and chives for many times, and can enable producers to obtain higher economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a high-efficiency harvesting planting method for chives and chives.
Background
Leek, alias: fenben, grass-bell milk, sun-proof grass, lazy vegetables, long-growing leeks, yang-strengthening grass, herba lablab album and the like; belongs to perennial herbaceous plants of the family Liliaceae, has special strong smell, has horizontal rootstalk, narrow-conical bulb and cluster; the scale-type crust is yellow brown and is meshed with the cellulose; she Jisheng, bar, flat; umbrella-shaped inflorescences, and top-born. The leaves, the flower and the flowers are all used as vegetables for eating; seeds can be used as medicine, and has effects of invigorating kidney, invigorating stomach, refreshing, and suppressing sweating and astringing. In traditional Chinese medicine, some people call Chinese chives as intestinal lavage grass. The Chinese chives have strong adaptability, are cold-resistant and heat-resistant, and are cultivated everywhere in China.
The Chinese chives are also called as 'Chinese chives buds', 'Huang Jiuya', 'Huang Jiu', commonly called as 'Chinese chives white', and are products of Chinese chives which are softened, cultivated and turned yellow. The leeks are isolated from light and grow completely in the dark, and cannot be photosynthetic because of no sunlight supply, so that chlorophyll is synthesized and becomes yellow, which is called 'leek'. The nutritional value of the Chinese chives is inferior to that of the Chinese chives because the Chinese chives are yellow and white without sunlight. Belongs to perennial herbaceous plants of the family Liliaceae, and is used as a medicament by seeds, leaves and the like. Has effects of invigorating stomach, refreshing, suppressing sweating, astringing, invigorating kidney, supporting yang, and stopping nocturnal emission.
With the improvement of living standard, people pursue safety and nutrition and pursue texture, and the hotbed chives become in vegetables in recent years due to the trouble of the safety of the hotbed chives and the attraction of the hotbed chives in the former years, so that the planting area is continuously enlarged in the years, and the price is relatively high. The nutrition of consumed plants in the hotbed chives production process is too high, the hotbed chives produced continuously are weak and low in yield and even die, the hotbed chives do not enter standardized production at present, the product quality is uneven, the yield is low, and the yield area for harvesting hotbed chives once in annual production is high, so that the benefit is low. In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts biological or physical prevention and control measures such as insect control and core-attracting insect-sticking board, etc., the Chinese chives and chives yellow products are safe to eat, and the production operation is simple and convenient, and the cost is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a high-efficiency harvesting and planting method for chives and chives.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A high-efficiency harvesting and planting method for Chinese chives and chives comprises the following steps:
Step one, fertilizing and soil preparation, and ridging: planting Chinese chives in land plots, applying 10-18 m 3 of decomposed high-quality compost or 8-10 m 3 of decomposed high-quality chicken manure to each mu, mixing 75kg of ternary compound fertilizer with 15:15:15 as base fertilizer, uniformly spreading, deep ploughing 20-30 cm of land, raking up, and making a flat furrow with the width of 2.0m according to land plots;
step two, directly seeding dry seeds: the live time is 4 months 1 to 7 months 15 days, and the live time is early and late; the double-row hill planter is adopted to adjust the row spacing to 30cm, the hole spacing is 15cm for sowing, and the seed consumption per mu is 1.5kg;
Step three, managing before emergence: pouring small water after sowing, uniformly spraying 100 ml-150 ml of 30% weeding and oil-applying emulsion or 180 ml-200 ml of 48% diltiazem oil-applying emulsion into 50kg of water for each mu of leek field after 2-3 days; when spraying the medicine, the medicine should walk backwards, and repeated spraying or missing spraying is strictly prevented;
and step four, fertilizer and water management after seedling: the seedling emergence period of the Chinese chives is 13-15 d, and when the air temperature is low, the longest seedling can be up to 30 days; the water is poured according to the soil moisture content, so that the dry and wet state between the ground surfaces is kept, and the water is poured generally once every 7 days; watering every 10 days after seedling alignment until the seedling height reaches 20 cm; if the seedling growth vigor becomes weak and grows slowly during the growth period of the seedling, 6-10 kg/mu of urea is applied in time in combination with watering; the water is drained and waterlogged, and the water is rainy at high temperature in the last ten days of 7 months to 8 months; after heavy rain or heavy rain, accumulated water is timely removed, and seedling lodging, decay and seedling death are prevented; the water quantity is large or not small in the late 11-12 months, and the water is fully frozen in the day-to-night freezing process; the additional fertilizer is applied twice, wherein 30kg of the ternary compound fertilizer and 7.5kg of urea are applied to each mu in the middle and late 9 months or the urea is applied by using a water flush fertilizer, and the urea is applied to each mu along with water 20kg when the frozen water is applied for the second time;
Step five, harvesting: in order to increase the yield of the first crop of leeks in the coming year, 2 batches of leeks can be harvested in the current year, and the harvesting period is generally up to the market of the leeks, and the harvesting is carried out for 2 times continuously. Harvesting is not performed as much as possible after the planting;
Step six, soil covering and soil moisture conservation: before freezing, storing 15-20 m 3 of fertile grain field surface soil, preferably sandy loam, uniformly scattering the grain field surface soil in the production field of Chinese chives before thawing soil in the next year, and hilling 2-3 cm high to compensate ground surface cracks and reduce soil moisture loss;
Step seven, alternately producing the chives in spring: after the soil is thawed, small arch shed fixing grooves are assembled around the furrow, arch supports are installed in the grooves, and black ground fabrics are covered on the supports; the height is 60-80 cm, the soil moisture content in spring is good, and watering can be delayed according to the soil moisture content, so that the rise of the ground temperature is promoted, the plant turning green and the growth speed are accelerated, the plant is marketed in advance, and the price is increased; after 25 days, when the height of the hotbed chives reaches more than 40cm, timely removing the covering on the softening facility and harvesting, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the early morning or in the evening when the sunlight is weak; harvesting and carrying out watering and topdressing on the third day, wherein the fertilizer adopts 1-2 m 3 of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu of furrows or adopts water flush fertilizer to flush with water, the topdressing is applied after mixing according to the proportion of N: 2O5 =1:0.23, and the total fertilizing amount per mu is preferably less than or equal to 30 kg; watering every 10 days; harvesting Chinese chives after 30 days; the third day after the Chinese chives are harvested, the soft facilities are installed and covered, watering and topdressing are carried out, and water flush fertilizer is adopted for fertilizer; removing the covering on the softened cultivation facility after 20 days and harvesting the chives;
Step eight, root cultivation in summer: the Chinese chives are harvested, watered and topapplied to enter a root raising period; the root raising period is 7-9 months, 1/3 part of the upper part of the plant of the chives which grow too exuberantly or are closed should be removed, and then 350 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed and dried chicken manure is ditched among rows of the chives and poured with water once;
step nine, alternately producing hotbed chives in autumn: softening cultivation is carried out to produce chives in the late 9 th month, the cover is removed after 20 days, harvesting is carried out, watering and topdressing are carried out after harvesting for 25 days, and one crop of chives is produced; the production process is carried out annually afterwards.
Preferably, the method for efficiently collecting and planting the leeks and the leeks also comprises pest control.
The disease and pest control method mainly comprises epidemic diseases, and pests mainly comprise Chinese chive maggots and thrips.
Further preferably, the disease prevention and control method takes prevention as main and treatment as auxiliary; the next day after each crop is harvested, amikacin is sprayed once, and the dosage is 20 ml/mu; if epidemic diseases occur, adopting 2000 times of liquid of 60% dimethomorph wettable powder, 500 times of liquid of 64% sterilized alum wettable powder or 600-800 times of liquid of 72.2% prig aqua for spraying for preventing and controlling the next day after each crop is harvested;
Further preferably, the pest control method for preventing and controlling the Chinese chive maggots is a biological control method for controlling insects by using insects, and comprises the following specific operations: adopting one end of the insect nematode per 4 square meters, and deeply submerging 3cm; the thrips are prevented and treated by adopting a core-attracting blue plate physical prevention and control method; and 20 blue boards for inducing cores are hung per mu.
Further preferably, when the insect nematodes are used for preventing and controlling the Chinese chive maggots, the auxiliary liquid of 15-25g of ginger juice/kg of water is sprayed once, and the dosage is 100 ml/mu, so that the effect is better.
The method for efficiently collecting and planting the leeks is applied to open field cultivation, and the method for efficiently collecting and planting the leeks can also be applied to facility cultivation, and a greenhouse is taken as an example for explanation.
The efficient harvesting and planting method for the chives and the chives comprises the following steps:
Step one, fertilizing and soil preparation, and ridging: applying an organic fertilizer to each mu for decomposing 10 cubic meters, uniformly broadcasting 50 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer, and carrying out rotary tillage to prepare a flat furrow with a furrow width of 2 meters and going north and south;
step two, directly seeding dry seeds: sowing can be carried out in the greenhouse except 7-8 months, and the sowing is easy and difficult to be carried out in the morning and evening; the double-row hill planter is adopted to adjust the row spacing to 30cm, and the hole spacing is 15cm for sowing; the seed consumption per mu is 1.5kg; the rotation of the Chinese chives on the market in spring festival is 5 months;
Step three, managing before emergence: watering thoroughly after sowing, adopting 30% weeding and oil-pumping cream after 2-3 days, wherein the acre dosage is 100-150 ml or 48% cola amine oil-pumping cream, the acre dosage is 180-200 ml, and adding 30kg of water to uniformly spray the ground surface; when spraying the medicine, the person walks backwards, and the medicine is strictly prevented from being sprayed or sprayed repeatedly;
And step four, fertilizer and water management after seedling: the seedling stage is 100 days, soil is kept moist in the period, the seedling stage is topdressed for 2 times, the seedling emergence stage of the Chinese chives is 13-15 d, and water is poured once after the seedlings are aligned and the seedling height is 20 cm; during the growth period of the seedlings, when the growth vigor of the seedlings is weakened and the growth is slow, the urea is applied by combining with watering in time for 6-10 kg/mu, and the seedlings are watered in time after being spread; harvesting when the Chinese chives reach commodity harvesting, selecting topdressing in time in the morning of sunny days according to weather conditions after harvesting for two days, mixing fertilizer with thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer by adopting a compound fertilizer and a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer in a proportion of 1:1, watering after topdressing, not releasing air during watering, and releasing air for 1 to 2 hours after watering;
Fifthly, temperature management in a greenhouse: in the production process of winter and early spring temperature chambers, grass curtains or heat preservation covers are covered in the last ten days of 11 months, and the grass curtains and the heat preservation covers are not covered in the first and second days of 5 months; the highest temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 30 and the lowest temperature is not less than 3 ; the top air opening and the bottom air opening in front of the greenhouse are all opened to the maximum position in 7 to 9 months in summer;
Step six, humidity management in the greenhouse: when the production is carried out in winter and early spring, the air humidity is ensured to be kept below 70% for a long time through measures such as ventilation, dehumidification and the like;
Seventh, the production of two-time leeks and one-time leeks is linked: when the Chinese chives reach commodity Chinese chives, harvesting, and watering and topdressing the Chinese chives in the third day after harvesting, wherein the fertilizer adopts 1-2 m < 3 > of farmyard manure for decomposing per mu of furrows, 15kg of compound fertilizer or adopts water flush fertilizer to flush with water, the topdressing is applied after mixing according to the proportion of N: 2O5 =1:0.23, and the total fertilizing amount per mu is preferably less than or equal to 30 kg; the picking days are based on the commodity height of the Chinese chives reaching more than 40 cm; harvesting the Chinese chives in 60 days for one crop in cold seasons, wherein the harvesting days in other seasons are shortened gradually except for 7 months and 8 months, and the shortest time is kept more than 25 days; when the second leek is harvested for the third day, small arched shed fixing grooves are assembled around the furrow, arched supports are arranged in the grooves, and black ground fabric is covered on the supports; the height is 60-80 cm, water is sprayed in a cold state, meanwhile, water flush fertilizer is adopted for flushing, the harvesting days are based on the days required by the chives to reach the height above 40cm of commodity height, and the chives are harvested for one crop in 45 days in a common cold season; the picking days of the chives become shorter gradually along with the warming of the outside air temperature, and the shortest time is kept above 15 days; when the chives reach the harvesting standard, timely removing and softening covers on the cultivation facilities and harvesting; harvesting should be performed in the early morning or evening when sunlight is weak; after the chives are picked, the production of the next 2-stubble chives and 1-stubble chives is started;
Step eight, root cultivation in summer: during the period of 7 months to 9 months, the Chinese chives enter a root raising period, the Chinese chives are not harvested, 1/3 part of the upper part of the plant is removed when the Chinese chives grow too exuberantly or are closed, and then, the rotten and dried chicken manure is ditched between rows of the Chinese chives, and the Chinese chives are watered once every mu;
Step nine, alternately producing hotbed chives in autumn: and (3) softening cultivation is carried out to produce chives in the late 9 th ten days, the cover is removed after 20 days, harvesting is carried out, watering and topdressing are carried out after harvesting for 25 days, and one crop of chives is produced. The production process is carried out annually afterwards.
The disease and pest control method mainly comprises epidemic diseases, and pests mainly comprise Chinese chive maggots and thrips.
Preferably, the disease prevention and control method takes prevention as a main part and treatment as an auxiliary part; the next day after each crop is harvested, the pesticide is sprayed once with amikacin with the dosage of 20 ml/mu. If gray mold occurs, spraying 1200 times of Kajiale for one time in the next day after each harvest with the dosage of 5g/15kg of water or 3000 times of flower friends for prevention and treatment;
Further preferably, the pest control method is the same as the method of open field cultivation.
The invention has the advantages that:
The efficient harvesting planting method for the chives and the chives accords with the production speed and nutrition consumption rules of the chives and the chives by the planting method for orderly harvesting the chives and the chives, so that excessive bulb nutrition consumption in the process of softening, cultivating and producing the chives is repaired in the production process of the chives, the danger of weak and even dead plants in the continuous production of the chives is avoided, the bulb nutrition is accumulated by regulating and controlling, the plants are strengthened, a foundation is laid for softening, cultivating and high yield, and the efficient planting method is an effective means for obtaining high yield. The efficient harvesting and planting method for the chives and chives can harvest the chives and chives for many times, and can enable producers to obtain higher economic benefits.
Detailed Description
Example 1, open field cultivation.
A high-efficiency harvesting and planting method for Chinese chives and chives comprises the following steps:
Step one, fertilizing and soil preparation, and ridging: planting Chinese chives in land plots, applying 10-18 m 3 of decomposed high-quality compost or 8-10 m 3 of decomposed high-quality chicken manure to each mu, mixing 75kg of ternary compound fertilizer with 15:15:15 as base fertilizer, uniformly spreading, deep ploughing 20-30 cm of land, raking up, and making a flat furrow with the width of 2.0m according to land plots;
step two, directly seeding dry seeds: the live time is 4 months 1 to 7 months 15 days, and the live time is early and late; the double-row hill planter is adopted to adjust the row spacing to 30cm, the hole spacing is 15cm for sowing, and the seed consumption per mu is 1.5kg;
Step three, managing before emergence: pouring small water after sowing, uniformly spraying 100 ml-150 ml of 30% weeding and oil-applying emulsion or 180 ml-200 ml of 48% diltiazem oil-applying emulsion into 50kg of water for each mu of leek field after 2-3 days; when spraying the medicine, the medicine should walk backwards, and repeated spraying or missing spraying is strictly prevented;
and step four, fertilizer and water management after seedling: the seedling emergence period of the Chinese chives is 13-15 d, and when the air temperature is low, the longest seedling can be up to 30 days; the water is poured according to the soil moisture content, so that the dry and wet state between the ground surfaces is kept, and the water is poured generally once every 7 days; watering every 10 days after seedling alignment until the seedling height reaches 20 cm; if the seedling growth vigor becomes weak and grows slowly during the growth period of the seedling, 6-10 kg/mu of urea is applied in time in combination with watering; the water is drained and waterlogged, and the water is rainy at high temperature in the last ten days of 7 months to 8 months; after heavy rain or heavy rain, accumulated water is timely removed, and seedling lodging, decay and seedling death are prevented; the water quantity is large or not small in the late 11-12 months, and the water is fully frozen in the day-to-night freezing process; the additional fertilizer is applied twice, wherein 30kg of the ternary compound fertilizer and 7.5kg of urea are applied to each mu in the middle and late 9 months or the urea is applied by using a water flush fertilizer, and the urea is applied to each mu along with water 20kg when the frozen water is applied for the second time;
Step five, harvesting: in order to increase the yield of the first crop of leeks in the coming year, 2 batches of leeks can be harvested in the current year, and the harvesting period is generally up to the market of the leeks, and the harvesting is carried out for 2 times continuously. Harvesting is not performed as much as possible after the planting;
Step six, soil covering and soil moisture conservation: before freezing, storing 15-20 m 3 of fertile grain field surface soil, preferably sandy loam, uniformly scattering the grain field surface soil in the production field of Chinese chives before thawing soil in the next year, and hilling 2-3 cm high to compensate ground surface cracks and reduce soil moisture loss;
Step seven, alternately producing the chives in spring: after the soil is thawed, small arch shed fixing grooves are assembled around the furrow, arch supports are installed in the grooves, and black ground fabrics are covered on the supports; the height is 60-80 cm, the soil moisture content in spring is good, and watering can be delayed according to the soil moisture content, so that the rise of the ground temperature is promoted, the plant turning green and the growth speed are accelerated, the plant is marketed in advance, and the price is increased; after 25 days, when the height of the hotbed chives reaches more than 40cm, timely removing the covering on the softening facility and harvesting, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the early morning or in the evening when the sunlight is weak; harvesting and carrying out watering and topdressing on the third day, wherein the fertilizer adopts 1-2 m 3 of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu of furrows or adopts water flush fertilizer to flush with water, the topdressing is applied after mixing according to the proportion of N: 2O5 =1:0.23, and the total fertilizing amount per mu is preferably less than or equal to 30 kg; watering every 10 days; harvesting Chinese chives after 30 days; the third day after the Chinese chives are harvested, the soft facilities are installed and covered, watering and topdressing are carried out, and water flush fertilizer is adopted for fertilizer; removing the covering on the softened cultivation facility after 20 days and harvesting the chives;
Step eight, root cultivation in summer: the Chinese chives are harvested, watered and topapplied to enter a root raising period; the root raising period is 7-9 months, 1/3 part of the upper part of the plant of the chives which grow too exuberantly or are closed should be removed, and then 350 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed and dried chicken manure is ditched among rows of the chives and poured with water once;
step nine, alternately producing hotbed chives in autumn: softening cultivation is carried out to produce chives in the late 9 th month, the cover is removed after 20 days, harvesting is carried out, watering and topdressing are carried out after harvesting for 25 days, and one crop of chives is produced; the production process is carried out annually afterwards.
The efficient harvesting and planting method for the chives and chives also comprises pest control.
The disease and pest control method mainly comprises epidemic diseases, and pests mainly comprise Chinese chive maggots and thrips.
The disease prevention and control method takes prevention as a main part and treatment as an auxiliary part; the next day after each crop is harvested, amikacin is sprayed once, and the dosage is 20 ml/mu; if epidemic diseases occur, adopting 2000 times of liquid of 60% dimethomorph wettable powder, 500 times of liquid of 64% sterilized alum wettable powder or 600-800 times of liquid of 72.2% prig aqua for spraying for preventing and controlling the next day after each crop is harvested;
The pest control method comprises the following specific operations of: adopting one end of the insect nematode per 4 square meters, and deeply submerging 3cm; the thrips are prevented and treated by adopting a core-attracting blue plate physical prevention and control method; and 20 blue boards for inducing cores are hung per mu.
Example 2, greenhouse cultivation, is described below.
A high-efficiency harvesting and planting method for Chinese chives and chives comprises the following steps:
Step one, fertilizing and soil preparation, and ridging: applying an organic fertilizer to each mu for decomposing 10 cubic meters, uniformly broadcasting 50 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer, and carrying out rotary tillage to prepare a flat furrow with a furrow width of 2 meters and going north and south;
step two, directly seeding dry seeds: sowing can be carried out in the greenhouse except 7-8 months, and the sowing is easy and difficult to be carried out in the morning and evening; the double-row hill planter is adopted to adjust the row spacing to 30cm, and the hole spacing is 15cm for sowing; the seed consumption per mu is 1.5kg; the rotation of the Chinese chives on the market in spring festival is 5 months;
Step three, managing before emergence: watering thoroughly after sowing, adopting 30% weeding and oil-pumping cream after 2-3 days, wherein the acre dosage is 100-150 ml or 48% cola amine oil-pumping cream, the acre dosage is 180-200 ml, and adding 30kg of water to uniformly spray the ground surface; when spraying the medicine, the person walks backwards, and the medicine is strictly prevented from being sprayed or sprayed repeatedly;
And step four, fertilizer and water management after seedling: the seedling stage is 100 days, soil is kept moist in the period, the seedling stage is topdressed for 2 times, the seedling emergence stage of the Chinese chives is 13-15 d, and water is poured once after the seedlings are aligned and the seedling height is 20 cm; during the growth period of the seedlings, when the growth vigor of the seedlings is weakened and the growth is slow, the urea is applied by combining with watering in time for 6-10 kg/mu, and the seedlings are watered in time after being spread; harvesting when the Chinese chives reach commodity harvesting, selecting topdressing in time in the morning of sunny days according to weather conditions after harvesting for two days, mixing fertilizer with thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer by adopting a compound fertilizer and a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer in a proportion of 1:1, watering after topdressing, not releasing air during watering, and releasing air for 1 to 2 hours after watering;
Fifthly, temperature management in a greenhouse: in the production process of winter and early spring temperature chambers, grass curtains or heat preservation covers are covered in the last ten days of 11 months, and the grass curtains and the heat preservation covers are not covered in the first and second days of 5 months; the highest temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 30 and the lowest temperature is not less than 3 ; the top air opening and the bottom air opening in front of the greenhouse are all opened to the maximum position in 7 to 9 months in summer;
Step six, humidity management in the greenhouse: when the production is carried out in winter and early spring, the air humidity is ensured to be kept below 70% for a long time through measures such as ventilation, dehumidification and the like;
Seventh, the production of two-time leeks and one-time leeks is linked: when the Chinese chives reach commodity Chinese chives, harvesting, and watering and topdressing the Chinese chives in the third day after harvesting, wherein the fertilizer adopts 1-2 m < 3 > of farmyard manure for decomposing per mu of furrows, 15kg of compound fertilizer or adopts water flush fertilizer to flush with water, the topdressing is applied after mixing according to the proportion of N: 2O5 =1:0.23, and the total fertilizing amount per mu is preferably less than or equal to 30 kg; the picking days are based on the commodity height of the Chinese chives reaching more than 40 cm; harvesting the Chinese chives in 60 days for one crop in cold seasons, wherein the harvesting days in other seasons are shortened gradually except for 7 months and 8 months, and the shortest time is kept more than 25 days; when the second leek is harvested for the third day, small arched shed fixing grooves are assembled around the furrow, arched supports are arranged in the grooves, and black ground fabric is covered on the supports; the height is 60-80 cm, water is sprayed in a cold state, meanwhile, water flush fertilizer is adopted for flushing, the harvesting days are based on the days required by the chives to reach the height above 40cm of commodity height, and the chives are harvested for one crop in 45 days in a common cold season; the picking days of the chives become shorter gradually along with the warming of the outside air temperature, and the shortest time is kept above 15 days; when the chives reach the harvesting standard, timely removing and softening covers on the cultivation facilities and harvesting; harvesting should be performed in the early morning or evening when sunlight is weak; after the chives are picked, the production of the next 2-stubble chives and 1-stubble chives is started;
Step eight, root cultivation in summer: during the period of 7 months to 9 months, the Chinese chives enter a root raising period, the Chinese chives are not harvested, 1/3 part of the upper part of the plant is removed when the Chinese chives grow too exuberantly or are closed, and then, the rotten and dried chicken manure is ditched between rows of the Chinese chives, and the Chinese chives are watered once every mu;
Step nine, alternately producing hotbed chives in autumn: and (3) softening cultivation is carried out to produce chives in the late 9 th ten days, the cover is removed after 20 days, harvesting is carried out, watering and topdressing are carried out after harvesting for 25 days, and one crop of chives is produced. The production process is carried out annually afterwards.
The disease and pest control method mainly comprises epidemic diseases, and pests mainly comprise Chinese chive maggots and thrips.
The disease prevention and control method takes prevention as a main part and treatment as an auxiliary part; the next day after each crop is harvested, the pesticide is sprayed once with amikacin with the dosage of 20 ml/mu. If gray mold occurs, spraying 1200 times of Kajiale for one time in the next day after each harvest with the dosage of 5g/15kg of water or 3000 times of flower friends for prevention and treatment;
The pest control method comprises the following specific operations of: adopting one end of the insect nematode per 4 square meters, and deeply submerging 3cm; the thrips are prevented and treated by adopting a core-attracting blue plate physical prevention and control method; and 20 blue boards for inducing cores are hung per mu.
The control mode of the Chinese chive maggots is subjected to a comparison experiment and the test result is analyzed.
The test is carried out on a leek experimental base of the academy of agriculture and forestry sciences in city in Hebei province, and the soil is sandy loam with good looseness and ventilation. The variety of Chinese chives is 'you guang No. 1', the number of Chinese chive larvae in the Chinese chive land is investigated before the test, the land with basically consistent number of Chinese chive larvae is selected for the test, the area of each cell is 100 square meters, isolation areas are arranged between different treatments, and the method is repeated for 5 times and is randomly arranged. One end of the insect nematode is used every 4 square meters, and the depth is 3cm under the ground. 5 spots were investigated per cell and 5 strains per spot using the "Z" sampling method. And (5) respectively investigating and recording the survival number of each strain of Chinese chive maggot, and calculating the insect prevention effect.
Comparative example 1
The method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is only different in that when the insect nematodes are used for preventing and controlling Chinese chive maggots, 10g of ginger juice/kg of water is used for spraying auxiliary liquid once, and the dosage is 100 ml/mu.
Comparative example 2
The method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is only different in that when the insect nematodes are used for preventing and controlling Chinese chive maggots, auxiliary liquid of 15g of ginger juice/kg of water is sprayed once, and the dosage is 100 ml/mu.
Comparative example 3
The method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is only different in that when the insect nematodes are used for preventing and controlling Chinese chive maggots, the auxiliary liquid of 20g of ginger juice/kg of water is sprayed once with the dosage of 100 ml/mu.
Comparative example 4
The method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is only different in that 25g of ginger juice/kg of water is used for spraying auxiliary liquid once when the insect nematodes are used for preventing and controlling Chinese chive maggots, and the dosage is 100 ml/mu.
Comparative example 5
The method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is only different in that when the insect nematodes are used for preventing and controlling Chinese chive maggots, auxiliary liquid of 35g of ginger juice/kg of water is sprayed once, and the dosage is 100 ml/mu.
Comparative example 6
The method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is only different in that when the insect nematodes are used for preventing and controlling Chinese chive maggots, the auxiliary liquid of 20g of rhizoma polygonati juice/kg of water is sprayed once with the dosage of 100 ml/mu.
Comparative example 7
The method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is only different in that when the insect nematodes are used for preventing and controlling Chinese chive maggots, the auxiliary liquid of 20g of coptis chinensis juice/kg of water is sprayed once with the dosage of 100 ml/mu.
Comparative example 8
The method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is only different in that the mode of adopting the insect nematodes is canceled, and the auxiliary liquid of 20g of ginger juice/kg of water is directly sprayed once with the dosage of 100 ml/mu.
Control group
The procedure of example 1 of the present invention was used, except that the use of the insect nematode was omitted as a control group.
The results of the field experiments for example 1 and comparative examples 1-8 are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: the results of the test in the field for prevention and control of the Chinese chive maggots in the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-8;
from the above test results, it can be known that:
1. The fresh ginger juice is adopted singly to prevent the Chinese chive maggots with little effect;
2. The control effect of the Chinese chive maggots is obviously improved by adopting a mode of combining ginger juice and the insect nematodes;
3. The traditional Chinese medicine rhizoma polygonati or coptis chinensis which has similar medicine property with ginger is used together with the insect nematode, so that the prevention and control effect on the Chinese chive maggots is hardly improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The efficient harvesting and planting method for the chives and the chives is characterized by being applied to open field cultivation and comprising the following steps of:
step one, fertilizing and soil preparation, and ridging: planting Chinese chives in land plots, applying 10-18 m 3 of decomposed high-quality compost or 8-10 m 3 of decomposed high-quality chicken manure to each mu, mixing 75kg of ternary compound fertilizer with 15:15:15 as base fertilizer, uniformly spreading, deep ploughing 20-30 cm of land, raking up, and making a flat furrow with the width of 2.0m according to land plots;
step two, directly seeding dry seeds: the live time is 4 months 1 to 7 months 15 days, and the live time is early and late; the double-row hill planter is adopted to adjust the row spacing to 30cm, the hole spacing is 15cm for sowing, and the seed consumption per mu is 1.5kg;
step three, managing before emergence: pouring small water after sowing, uniformly spraying 100 ml-150 ml of 30% weeding and oil-applying emulsion or 180 ml-200 ml of 48% diltiazem oil-applying emulsion into 50kg of water for each mu of leek field after 2-3 days; when spraying the medicine, the medicine should walk backwards, and repeated spraying or missing spraying is strictly prevented;
and step four, fertilizer and water management after seedling: the seedling emergence period of the Chinese chives is 13-15 d, and when the air temperature is low, the longest seedling can be up to 30 days; the water is poured according to the soil moisture content, so that the dry and wet state between the ground surfaces is kept, and the water is poured generally once every 7 days; watering every 10 days after seedling alignment until the seedling height reaches 20 cm; if the seedling growth vigor becomes weak and grows slowly during the growth period of the seedling, 6-10 kg/mu of urea is applied in time in combination with watering; the water is drained and waterlogged, and the water is rainy at high temperature in the last ten days of 7 months to 8 months; after heavy rain or heavy rain, accumulated water is timely removed, and seedling lodging, decay and seedling death are prevented; the water quantity is large or not small in the late 11-12 months, and the water is fully frozen in the day-to-night freezing process; the additional fertilizer is applied twice, wherein 30kg of the ternary compound fertilizer and 7.5kg of urea are applied to each mu in the middle and late 9 months or the urea is applied by using a water flush fertilizer, and the urea is applied to each mu along with water 20kg when the frozen water is applied for the second time;
Step five, harvesting: in order to increase the yield of the first crop of leeks in the coming year, 2 batches of leeks can be harvested in the current year when the planting is early, and the harvesting period is generally up to the market of the leeks, and the harvesting is carried out for 2 times continuously; harvesting is not performed as much as possible after the planting;
Step six, soil covering and soil moisture conservation: before freezing, storing 15-20 m 3 fertile grain field surface soil per mu, uniformly spreading the grain field surface soil in a leek production field before thawing soil in the next year, and ridging the grain field surface soil by 2-3 cm to compensate for surface cracks and reduce soil moisture loss;
Step seven, alternately producing the chives in spring: after the soil is thawed, small arch shed fixing grooves are assembled around the furrow, arch supports are arranged in the grooves, and black grass-preventing cloth is covered on the supports; the height is 60-80 cm, the soil moisture content in spring is good, and watering can be delayed according to the soil moisture content, so that the rise of the ground temperature is promoted, the plant turning green and the growth speed are accelerated, the plant is marketed in advance, and the price is increased; after 25 days, when the height of the hotbed chives reaches more than 40cm, timely removing the covering on the softening facility and harvesting, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the early morning or in the evening when the sunlight is weak; harvesting and carrying out watering and topdressing on the third day, wherein the fertilizer adopts 1-2 m 3 of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu of furrows or adopts water flush fertilizer to flush with water, the topdressing is applied after being mixed according to the proportion of N: P 2O5 =1:0.23, and the total fertilizing amount per mu is preferably less than or equal to 30 kg; watering every 10 days; harvesting Chinese chives after 30 days; the third day after the Chinese chives are harvested, the soft facilities are installed and covered, watering and topdressing are carried out, and water flush fertilizer is adopted for fertilizer; removing the covering on the softened cultivation facility after 20 days and harvesting the chives;
step eight, root cultivation in summer: the Chinese chives are harvested, watered and topapplied to enter a root raising period; the root raising period is 7-9 months, 1/3 part of the upper part of the plant of the chives which grow too exuberantly or are closed should be removed, and then 350 kg of thoroughly decomposed and dried chicken manure per mu is ditched among rows of the chives and poured with water once;
Step nine, alternately producing hotbed chives in autumn: softening cultivation is carried out to produce chives in the late 9 th month, the cover is removed after 20 days, harvesting is carried out, watering and topdressing are carried out after harvesting for 25 days, and one crop of chives is produced; the production is carried out according to the production method every year later;
The pest control method comprises the following steps of: adopting one end of each 4 square meters of entomopathogenic nematodes, and deeply submerging 3cm; the thrips are prevented and treated by adopting a core-attracting blue plate physical prevention and control method; 20 blue boards for attracting cores are hung per mu;
When the entomopathogenic nematodes are adopted to prevent and control Chinese chive maggots, auxiliary liquid of 15-25g of ginger juice/kg of water is adopted for spraying once, and the dosage is 100 ml/mu.
2. The efficient Chinese chives and chives collecting and planting method according to claim 1, wherein disease prevention and control methods are mainly prevention and treatment are assisted; the next day after each crop is harvested, amikacin is sprayed once, and the dosage is 20 ml/mu; if epidemic diseases occur, the next day after each harvest is sprayed with 2000 times of 60% dimethomorph wettable powder, 500 times of 64% insecticidal alum wettable powder or 600-800 times of 72.2% prike water agent.
3. The efficient Chinese chive and chive harvesting planting method is characterized by being applicable to a greenhouse;
The method comprises the following steps:
Step one, fertilizing and soil preparation, and ridging: applying an organic fertilizer to each mu for decomposing 10 cubic meters, uniformly broadcasting 50 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer, and carrying out rotary tillage to prepare a flat furrow with a furrow width of 2 meters and going north and south;
Step two, directly seeding dry seeds: sowing can be carried out in the greenhouse except 7-8 months, and the sowing is easy and difficult to be carried out in the morning and evening; the double-row hill planter is adopted to adjust the row spacing to 30cm, and the hole spacing is 15cm for sowing; the seed consumption per mu is 1.5kg; the crops for rotation of the Chinese chives on the market in spring festival are sown for 5 months;
Step three, managing before emergence: watering thoroughly after sowing, adopting 30% weeding and oil-pumping cream after 2-3 days, wherein the acre dosage is 100-150 ml or 48% cola amine oil-pumping cream, the acre dosage is 180-200 ml, and adding 30kg of water to uniformly spray the ground surface; when spraying the medicine, the person walks backwards, and the medicine is strictly prevented from being sprayed or sprayed repeatedly;
And step four, fertilizer and water management after seedling: the seedling stage is 100 days, soil is kept moist in the period, the seedling stage is topdressed for 2 times, the seedling emergence stage of the Chinese chives is 13-15 d, and water is poured once after the seedlings are aligned and the seedling height is 20 cm; during the growth period of the seedlings, when the growth vigor of the seedlings is weakened and the growth is slow, the urea is applied by combining with watering in time for 6-10 kg/mu, and the seedlings are watered in time after being spread; harvesting when the Chinese chives reach commodity harvesting, selecting topdressing in time in the morning of sunny days according to weather conditions after harvesting for two days, mixing fertilizer with thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer by adopting a compound fertilizer and a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer in a proportion of 1:1, watering after topdressing, not releasing air during watering, and releasing air for 1 to 2 hours after watering;
Fifthly, temperature management in a greenhouse: in the production process of winter and early spring temperature chambers, grass curtains or heat preservation covers are covered in the last ten days of 11 months, and the grass curtains and the heat preservation covers are not covered in the first and second days of 5 months; the highest temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 30 and the lowest temperature is not less than 3 ; the top air opening and the bottom air opening in front of the greenhouse are all opened to the maximum position in 7 to 9 months in summer;
Step six, humidity management in the greenhouse: when the production is carried out in winter and early spring, the air humidity is ensured to be kept below 70% for a long time by means of ventilation and dehumidification measures;
Seventh, the production of two-time leeks and one-time leeks is linked: harvesting when the Chinese chives reach commodity Chinese chives, and watering and topdressing the Chinese chives in the third day after harvesting, wherein the fertilizer adopts 1-2 m 3 of decomposed farmyard manure and 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu of furrows or adopts water flush fertilizer to flush with water, the topdressing is applied after mixing according to the proportion of N: 2O5 =1:0.23, and the total fertilizing amount per mu is preferably less than or equal to 30 kg; the picking days are based on the commodity height of the Chinese chives reaching more than 40 cm; harvesting the Chinese chives in 60 days for one crop in cold seasons, wherein the harvesting days in other seasons are shortened gradually except for 7 months and 8 months, and the shortest time is kept more than 25 days; when the second leeks are harvested for the third day, small arched shed fixing grooves are assembled around the furrow, arched supports are arranged in the grooves, and black grass-proof cloth is covered on the supports; the height is 60-80 cm, water is sprayed in a cold state, meanwhile, water flush fertilizer is adopted for flushing, the harvesting days are based on the days required by the chives to reach the height above 40cm of commodity height, and the chives are harvested for one crop in 45 days in a common cold season; the picking days of the chives become shorter gradually along with the warming of the outside air temperature, and the shortest time is kept above 15 days; when the chives reach the harvesting standard, timely removing and softening covers on the cultivation facilities and harvesting; harvesting should be performed in the early morning or evening when sunlight is weak; after the chives are picked, the production of the next 2-stubble chives and 1-stubble chives is started;
Step eight, root cultivation in summer: during the period of 7 months to 9 months, the Chinese chives enter a root raising period, the Chinese chives are not harvested, 1/3 part of the upper part of the plant is removed when the Chinese chives grow too exuberantly or are closed, and then, the rotten and dried chicken manure is ditched between rows of the Chinese chives, and the Chinese chives are watered once every mu;
Step nine, alternately producing hotbed chives in autumn: softening cultivation is carried out to produce chives in the late 9 th month, the cover is removed after 20 days, harvesting is carried out, watering and topdressing are carried out after harvesting for 25 days, and one crop of chives is produced; the production is carried out according to the production method every year later;
The pest control method comprises the following steps of: adopting one end of each 4 square meters of entomopathogenic nematodes, and deeply submerging 3cm; the thrips are prevented and treated by adopting a core-attracting blue plate physical prevention and control method; 20 blue boards for attracting cores are hung per mu;
When the entomopathogenic nematodes are adopted to prevent and control Chinese chive maggots, auxiliary liquid of 15-25g of ginger juice/kg of water is adopted for spraying once, and the dosage is 100 ml/mu.
4. The efficient Chinese chives and chives collecting and planting method according to claim 3, wherein the disease prevention and control method is mainly prevention and treatment is assisted; the next day after each crop is harvested, amikacin is sprayed once, and the dosage is 20 ml/mu; if gray mold occurs, spraying 1200 times of liquid of Kajiale with the dosage of 5g/15kg of water or 3000 times of spray of the flower friends for preventing and treating the gray mold in the next day after each harvest.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08252028A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-10-01 | Hitachi Air Conditioning & Refrig Co Ltd | Year-round continuous culture of yellow leek and device therefor |
| CN104542748A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 尚杰 | Botanical insecticide for preventing and treating Chinese chive maggot |
| CN104996135A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-28 | 李美琼 | Control method for Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang |
| CN114027117A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-11 | 平顶山市平丰种业有限责任公司 | Planting method of hotbed chives |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08252028A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-10-01 | Hitachi Air Conditioning & Refrig Co Ltd | Year-round continuous culture of yellow leek and device therefor |
| CN104542748A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 尚杰 | Botanical insecticide for preventing and treating Chinese chive maggot |
| CN104996135A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-28 | 李美琼 | Control method for Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang |
| CN114027117A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-11 | 平顶山市平丰种业有限责任公司 | Planting method of hotbed chives |
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| 应用昆虫病原线虫防治大金钩韭菜田韭蛆效果初探;付在秋等;《蔬菜》;20200909(第9期);64-67 * |
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