CN115013271B - Multifunctional utilization device for ocean temperature difference energy - Google Patents
Multifunctional utilization device for ocean temperature difference energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN115013271B CN115013271B CN202210429945.XA CN202210429945A CN115013271B CN 115013271 B CN115013271 B CN 115013271B CN 202210429945 A CN202210429945 A CN 202210429945A CN 115013271 B CN115013271 B CN 115013271B
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- F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
- F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
- F01D1/06—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
- F01D1/08—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially having inward flow
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional utilization device of ocean temperature difference energy, which comprises an ocean temperature difference energy power generation module, a sea water desalination module, an electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module; the electric energy output end of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is respectively connected with an electricity utilization device in the island citizen, an electricity utilization device in the sea water desalination module and an electricity utilization device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module, and the generated electric energy is supplied to the island citizen, the sea water desalination module and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module for use; cold seawater flowing out of the cold seawater flow passage outlet of the condenser of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module flows into the seawater desalination module to cool water vapor, flows into the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module to cool hydrogen, and flows into the hydrogen storage module to cool the hydrogen storage reactor. The multifunctional utilization device of the ocean temperature difference energy provided by the invention can efficiently utilize the electric energy generated by the ocean temperature difference energy to desalinate sea water, electrolyze water to prepare hydrogen and realize safe storage of hydrogen on the basis of meeting the demand of living electricity generated by island civilian life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to power generation and comprehensive utilization of renewable energy sources, in particular to a multifunctional utilization device of ocean temperature difference energy.
Background
With the progressive scarcity of fossil fuels, the development of renewable energy sources (e.g., ocean energy, wind energy, solar energy) is becoming more and more urgent. The ocean temperature difference energy power generation is to convert the temperature difference between deep cold sea water and surface temperature sea water into electric energy. Compared with other renewable energy sources, the ocean temperature difference energy power generation has the advantages of small heat source temperature change range and stable energy supply. The ocean temperature difference energy is abundant in the ocean of China, so that the ocean temperature difference energy is a potential energy source.
Ocean temperature difference energy power generation is a continuous and stable power generation mode. The electric energy generated by the power generation device is firstly supplied to residents on islands for use, and the electricity consumption of the residents on the islands is greatly different between the peak period and the valley period. The generated energy cannot be completely matched with the used energy, so that the residual energy in the low-valley period of the used energy needs to be stored. The transmission of excess electrical energy through remote submarine cables can greatly increase the cost of power transportation due to the geographic location of the islands. Therefore, how to reasonably distribute or store the electric energy is a problem to be considered.
Hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy density, high efficiency and large social demand, and is a globally recognized clean energy source. The hydrogen production by water electrolysis is also a clean and environment-friendly mode, so that the electric energy generated by the ocean temperature difference energy generating device is ideal to store in the form of hydrogen energy. Seawater near islands is quite abundant, and instead fresh water resources are scarce. Compared with two methods of directly electrolyzing seawater to prepare hydrogen and electrolyzing fresh water to prepare hydrogen after desalting seawater, the method of directly electrolyzing seawater to prepare hydrogen has high cost and poor stability, and the method of preparing hydrogen by desalting seawater before electrolyzing seawater can effectively reduce cost and improve the condition of lack of fresh water on islands. Therefore, the device is added with the seawater desalination module and the electrolytic water hydrogen production module, and the seawater is desalinated and then electrolyzed to produce hydrogen.
Since the hydrogen production system is located on islands, the hydrogen energy needs to be transported to land for use, which makes the storage and transportation of hydrogen very important. The conventional gaseous hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage methods have certain safety problems in the transportation process. The metal hydride hydrogen storage has the advantages of good safety and high hydrogen storage density, and is a currently accepted high-efficiency hydrogen storage mode. However, during the absorption and desorption of hydrogen, a strong thermal effect is associated, so that the hydrogen storage reactor is structurally optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a multifunctional utilization device of ocean temperature difference energy, which can efficiently utilize electric energy generated by the ocean temperature difference energy to desalinate sea water, electrolyze water to prepare hydrogen and realize safe storage of hydrogen on the basis of meeting the demand of utilization of electricity generated by island civilian life.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-functional utilization device of ocean thermal energy, comprising: the device comprises a marine temperature difference energy power generation module, a sea water desalination module, an electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module; the electric energy output end of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is respectively connected with an island citizen user, an electric device in the sea water desalination module and an electric device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module, and the generated electric energy is supplied to the island citizen, the sea water desalination module and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module for use; and cold seawater flowing out of the cold seawater flow passage outlet of the condenser of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module flows into the seawater desalination module partially for cooling water vapor, flows into the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module partially for cooling hydrogen, and flows into the hydrogen storage module partially for cooling the hydrogen storage reactor.
The electric energy output end of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is respectively connected with an island citizen user, an electric device (a concentrated seawater pump and a vacuum unit) in the sea water desalination module and an electric device (an electrolytic tank) in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module; the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module comprises an evaporator, a superheater, a turbine, a condenser for power generation, a liquid storage tank, a working medium pump and a generator; the evaporator, the superheater, the turbine, the condenser for power generation, the liquid storage tank and the working medium pump are sequentially connected to form a working medium circulation loop; the evaporator is internally provided with a working medium flow passage and a warm seawater flow passage; the working medium absorbs the heat of the warm seawater in the evaporator to generate evaporation phase change, and the generated steam enters the superheater and enters the turbine to do work after being heated to the overheat temperature; the exhaust steam flowing out of the turbine enters the condenser for power generation to generate condensation phase change to release heat to cold sea water; the power generation condenser is internally provided with a working medium flow passage and a cold sea water flow passage, the working medium is cooled by cold sea water in the power generation condenser and then enters the liquid storage tank, and then is pressurized by the working medium pump and enters the evaporator again to complete one cycle; the outlet of the cold seawater flow passage of the condenser for power generation is connected with the condenser for desalination in the seawater desalination module, the hydrogen cooling device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and the heat exchange fluid flow passage in the hydrogen storage module through pipelines, and is used for cooling water vapor, hydrogen and a hydrogen storage reactor;
the sea water desalination module comprises a flash tank, a condenser for desalination, a concentrated sea water pump, a fresh water tank, a buffer tank and a vacuum unit, wherein part of produced fresh water is used for the electrolytic water hydrogen production module, and the other part of produced fresh water is used for the production and life of island citizens; the surface-layer-temperature seawater enters the flash tank for flash evaporation under the action of self-siphoning to form concentrated seawater and water vapor; the concentrated seawater pump pumps out the high-concentration seawater in the flash tank; the vapor flows into the desalination condenser under the driving action of pressure difference; the fresh water flow passage and the cold sea water flow passage are arranged in the condenser for desalination; the inlet of the cold seawater flow passage of the condenser for desalination is connected with the outlet of the cold seawater flow passage of the condenser for power generation through a pipeline; the inlet of the fresh water tank is connected with the outlet of the fresh water flow passage of the desalination condenser through a pipeline; the buffer tank is connected with the condenser for desalination through a pipeline and is used for separating non-condensable gas in the condenser for desalination and the flash tank; the vacuum unit is used for extracting gas in the buffer tank, so that the flash tank and the condenser for desalination keep a certain vacuum degree.
The electrolytic water hydrogen production module comprises an electrolytic tank, a hydrogen separator, an oxygen separator, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen cooling device. The water supplementing port of the electrolytic tank is connected with the outlet of the fresh water tank through a pipeline, and the fresh water is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen by adopting alkaline electrolyte, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen and the oxygen is 99.8 percent and 99.2 percent respectively; the hydrogen separation device is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic tank through a pipeline, and separates electrolyte doped in the hydrogen and flows back to the electrolytic tank; the oxygen separation device is connected with an oxygen outlet of the electrolytic tank through a pipeline, and separates electrolyte doped in oxygen and flows back to the electrolytic tank; the hydrogen purification device is connected with the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic tank, high-purity hydrogen is prepared by adopting a catalytic deoxidation method, and the catalyst is palladium metal and porous substances; the hydrogen cooling device is provided with a hydrogen flow passage and a cooling water flow passage; the hydrogen flow passage inlet of the hydrogen cooling device is connected with the outlet of the hydrogen purifying device through a pipeline; the cooling water flow passage inlet of the hydrogen cooling device is connected with the cooling seawater flow passage outlet of the condenser for power generation through a pipeline;
the hydrogen storage module includes a hydrogen storage reactor and a heat exchange fluid passage. A hydrogen storage alloy is arranged in the hydrogen storage reactor; the hydrogen storage alloy is subjected to hydrogenation reaction with hydrogen after entering a hydrogen storage reactor, and heat is released; the heat exchange fluid channel is positioned at the axial center of the cylindrical hydrogen storage reactor, and cold sea water for heat dissipation is introduced into the heat exchange fluid channel; the inlet of the heat exchange fluid flow passage is connected with the outlet of the cold sea water flow passage of the condenser for power generation through a pipeline; and the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen storage reactor is connected with the hydrogen flow passage outlet of the hydrogen cooling device through a pipeline.
Aiming at the problem that the generated energy cannot be completely matched with the electricity consumption of residents on islands, the invention designs a multifunctional ocean temperature difference energy utilization device which comprises an ocean temperature difference energy power generation module, a sea water desalination module, an electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module. On the basis of ensuring the electricity consumption of island citizens in production and living, the invention uses the surplus electric energy for sea water desalination and water electrolysis hydrogen production, thereby avoiding the waste of energy; the electric energy generated by the ocean temperature difference energy generating module is directly used for meeting the electricity demand of island citizens, one part of the surplus electric energy provides electric energy for a concentrated seawater pump and a vacuum unit in the seawater desalination module, and the other part provides electric energy for an electrolytic tank in the electrolytic water hydrogen production module; the cold sea water pump pumps cold sea water into the cold sea water flow channel of the condenser for power generation to cool working media, then part of cold water is discharged and flows into the sea water desalination module for cooling water vapor, part of cold water is discharged and flows into the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module for cooling hydrogen, and the other part of cold water is discharged and flows into the hydrogen storage module for cooling the hydrogen storage reactor, so that cascade utilization of the cold sea water is realized.
In the ocean temperature difference energy power generation system, the system efficiency is lower due to the fact that the temperature difference between cold and hot seawater is smaller. In order to improve the power generation efficiency, the turbine adopts a centripetal structure, and comprises a volute, a guide blade grid and a movable impeller; the guide blade grid adopts rotatable nozzle blades capable of adjusting flow; the blades of the movable impeller adopt a mode of alternately arranging long blades and short blades, the long blades are distributed along the circumferential direction of the bottom of the movable impeller, and the short blades are arranged between two adjacent long blades; the distance ratio of the short blade to the adjacent long blade is a (wherein a takes a value of 0.5-0.8, preferably a=2/3); the meridian lines of the short blade and the long blade are the same, and the inner meridian line and the outer meridian line are constructed by adopting a secondary Bezier curve; the distance from the inlets of the short blade and the long blade to the axis is the same, and the length of the short blade is b times that of the long blade (b takes a value of 0.6-0.9, preferably b=0.7); the impeller with the structure can ensure the working capacity and the flow stability of working media on one hand, and increases the flow area of a turbine outlet on the other hand, reduces friction loss and improves the turbine efficiency.
When seawater is subjected to two-phase separation in a flash tank, the falling liquid drops can bring part of gas into the concentrated seawater, so that the gas-liquid separation efficiency is reduced. In order to solve the problem, the flash tank adopts a momentum-driven vortex separator, and comprises a seawater inlet, a nozzle ring, a separation chamber, a filter element, a water vapor outlet, a concentrated seawater outlet and a separator shell; seawater enters the nozzle ring from the seawater inlet; the seawater flows through the blades arranged in the nozzle ring to form two-phase flow due to pressure reduction, and meanwhile, the kinetic energy is increased; the fluid flows out of the nozzle ring and enters the separation chamber, performs circular motion under the action of inertia, and separates vapor and concentrated seawater under the action of centrifugal force; the water vapor rises in the separation chamber, is separated by the filter element, and the doped liquid drops in the water vapor are removed and then flow out of the water vapor outlet; the water vapor outlet is arranged above the vortex separator body; the concentrated seawater descends along the wall surface of the shell of the separation chamber and finally flows out from the concentrated seawater outlet; the concentrated seawater outlet is disposed below the vortex separator body. The design realizes the efficient separation of gas and liquid and improves the desalination efficiency of seawater.
Aims at solving the problem that the condensing efficiency of the condenser for desalination to fresh water is not high. The invention provides a bionic cactus conical surface microstructure arranged on the condensation side of a fresh water flow channel in a condenser for desalination, wherein the structure is formed by combining a convex conical hydrophilic structure and a surface hydrophobic structure. The condensed liquid drops in the condenser for desalination are automatically collected from the top to the bottom of the bulge under the action of the Laplace force, and are automatically discharged from the hydrophobic structure of the bottom, so that the surface liquid drop refreshing efficiency is improved, and the condensation is enhanced. The bionic cactus cone-shaped surface microstructure in the condenser for desalination comprises a hydrophobic modification method of a surface hydrophobic structure, wherein the hydrophobic modification method comprises spraying and sputtering, and the material of a cone-shaped hydrophilic structure comprises stainless steel, copper and aluminum.
Aiming at the problem of the thermal effect of the hydrogen storage of the common metal hydride, the hydrogen storage tank is internally provided with tree-shaped fractal structural ribs; the inside of each level of rib of the tree-shaped fractal rib is short and long, and the length ratio of each level of rib is short and longL i+1 /L i =m, fin number n. (i+1 is external, i is internal, m has a value of 1.0 to 1.5, preferably m=1.3, n is a natural number of 2 or more, preferably n=3); the structure increases the heat dissipation area, and can strengthen the transfer of heat of the flash chamber to fluid in the heat exchange fluid pipe; cold seawater is circulated in the heat exchange tube, so that the comprehensive utilization of the cold seawater is realized. The hydrogen storage alloy includes, but is not limited to, laNi 5 Rare earth hydrogen storage alloy, mg-Ni system hydrogen storage alloy or Ti-Fe based alloy system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Realizing the multifunctional utilization of ocean temperature difference energy;
the invention designs the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module based on the organic Rankine cycle, which can continuously and stably generate electric energy; in the island civil electricity peak period, the electric energy is fully supplied to island civilian users to ensure production and life; in the island civil electricity low valley period, part of electric energy is supplied to island civil users, and the rest electric energy is supplied to a sea water desalination module and an electrolytic water hydrogen production module for sea water desalination and electrolytic water hydrogen production, so that the multifunctional utilization of ocean temperature difference energy is realized;
(2) Realize the cascade utilization of cold seawater
The invention uses the cold sea water used for cooling working medium in the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module as the cooling water of the sea water desalination module, the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and the hydrogen storage module, cools the hydrogen, the fresh water and the hydrogen storage reactor, and realizes the cascade utilization of the cold sea water;
(3) Alleviating the problem of lack of fresh water resources on islands
The invention uses the fresh water produced by the sea water desalination module to produce hydrogen by the water electrolysis hydrogen production module and uses the fresh water produced by the sea water desalination module to produce hydrogen by the island citizen, thereby relieving the problem of shortage of island civil water.
(4) Improving the efficiency of power generation and sea water desalination
The invention adopts the mode of alternately arranging the long and short blades in the turbine, increases the flow area of the outlet and improves the efficiency of the turbine on the basis of ensuring the working medium to be the functional capacity; the invention adopts the momentum-driven vortex separator, realizes high-efficiency gas-liquid separation, and increases the efficiency of sea water desalination; the bionic cactus conical surface microstructure is arranged on the condensation side of the fresh water flow channel of the condenser for desalination, so that the surface drop refreshing efficiency is improved, and the condensation is enhanced.
(5) Realizing high-efficiency storage and safe transportation of hydrogen
The metal hydride hydrogen storage mode is adopted for storage at normal temperature, and the tree-shaped fractal structural ribs are arranged in the hydrogen storage reactor, so that the heat dissipation area is increased; the heat of the reaction chamber is transferred to the fluid in the heat exchange fluid pipe more quickly, so that the temperature in the hydrogen storage reactor is kept at a lower level, and the hydrogen storage efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the invention relates to a process flow chart of a multifunctional utilization device of ocean temperature difference energy;
fig. 2: the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is schematically shown;
fig. 3: the sea water desalination module schematic diagram of the invention;
fig. 4: the invention relates to a schematic diagram of a water electrolysis hydrogen production module;
fig. 5: the vane blade structure of the turbine rotor blade is schematically shown;
fig. 6: the momentum-driven vortex separator of the invention is schematically shown;
fig. 7: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a condenser for desalination;
fig. 8: the invention relates to a fresh water flow passage side plate of a condenser and a bionic cactus micro-surface schematic diagram;
fig. 9: the hydrogen storage module and the tree-shaped fractal rib structure are schematically shown in the invention;
fig. 10: the invention relates to a pressure distribution cloud picture of a flow field in a turbine;
fig. 11: the invention relates to a temperature distribution cloud picture of a flow field in a turbine;
fig. 12: the flow diagram of the flow field in the turbine of the invention;
fig. 13: isentropic efficiency of the impeller and spacing of the long and short bladesl 1 、l 2 A relation diagram of the ratio a;
fig. 14: and the isentropic efficiency of the impeller is related to the length ratio b of the long blade and the short blade.
In the figure: 1. a warm water pump; 2. a cold water pump; 3. an evaporator; 4. a superheater; 5. a turbine; 6. a generator; 7. a condenser for generating electricity; 8. a liquid storage tank; 9. a working medium pump; 10. a flash tank; 11. a condenser for desalination; 12. a fresh water tank; 13. a buffer tank; 14. a vacuum pump; 15. a concentrated sea water pump; 16. an oxygen separator; 17. a hydrogen separator; 18. a hydrogen purification device; 19. a hydrogen cooling device; 20. an electrolytic cell; 21. a volute; 22. a guide blade row; 23. a moving impeller; 24. a long blade; 25. short leaves; 26. a seawater inlet; 27. a water vapor outlet; 28. a filter element; 29. a nozzle ring; 30. a separator housing; 31. a separation chamber; 32. a concentrated seawater outlet; 33. a guide rod; 34. a support rod; 35. a plate; 36. an end plate; 37. a media inlet; 38. a medium outlet; 39. bionic cactus micro-surface structure; 40. a hydrophilic structure; 41. a hydrophobic structure; 42. a hydrogen storage reactor; 43. a hydrogen storage alloy; 44. tree-shaped fractal ribs; 45. a hydrogen inlet; 46. a hydrogen outlet; 47. a cold seawater inlet; 48. and a cold sea water outlet.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention relates to a multifunctional utilization device of ocean temperature difference energy, which comprises an ocean temperature difference energy power generation module, a sea water desalination module, a hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module; the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module utilizes ocean temperature difference energy stored in surface sea water and deep sea water to generate power, and the sea water is respectively extracted by a warm water pump 1 and a cold water pump 2; on the premise of meeting the living requirements of residents on islands, the surplus electric energy is used in a sea water desalination module and an electrolytic water hydrogen production module, so that comprehensive utilization of ocean temperature difference energy is realized; the cold drain water flowing out of the condenser 7 for power generation still has lower temperature, so that the cold drain water is introduced into the sea water desalination module, the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and the hydrogen storage module for continuous cooling, and the full utilization of cold sea water is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the ocean thermal energy power generation module comprises an evaporator 3, a superheater 4, a turbine 5, a generator 6, a condenser 7 for power generation, a liquid storage tank 8 and a working medium pump 9; the evaporator 3, the superheater 4, the turbine 5, the condenser 7 for power generation, the liquid storage tank 8 and the working medium pump 9 form an organic Rankine cycle, the working medium absorbs the heat of the warm seawater in the evaporator 3 to generate evaporation phase change, the generated steam is heated to the overheat temperature in the superheater 4 and then enters the turbine 5 to apply work, the exhaust steam flowing out of the turbine 5 enters the condenser 7 for power generation and is cooled by the cold seawater and then enters the liquid storage tank 8, and then the working medium pump 9 is used for pressurizing, and the exhaust steam enters the evaporator 3 again to complete one cycle.
As shown in fig. 3, the sea water desalination module of the present invention comprises a flash tank 10, a desalination condenser 11, a fresh water tank 12, a buffer tank 13, a vacuum pump 14 and a concentrated sea water pump 15; the warm seawater enters the flash tank 10 for flash evaporation under the self-siphon effect, and concentrated seawater and water vapor are formed; the concentrated seawater pump 15 pumps out the high-concentration seawater in the flash tank 10; the water vapor enters a desalination condenser 11 to be cooled under the driving action of pressure difference and then enters a fresh water tank 12 to be stored; the vacuum pump 14 provides a certain vacuum degree for the condenser 11 for desalination and the flash tank 10, and the vacuum pump 14 is intermittently opened to pump non-condensable gas in the condenser 11 for desalination in the running process of the system, and temporarily stores the non-condensable gas in the buffer tank 13 so as to ensure that the sea water desalination process is smoothly carried out.
As shown in fig. 4, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module comprises an oxygen separator 16, a hydrogen separator 17, a hydrogen purification device 18, a hydrogen cooling device 19 and an electrolytic tank 20; the electrolytic tank 20 is connected with the outlet of the fresh water tank 12 through a pipeline to electrolyze the fresh water into hydrogen and oxygen; the hydrogen separator 17 is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic tank 20 through a pipeline, and separates electrolyte doped in the hydrogen and flows back to the electrolytic tank 20; the oxygen separator 16 is connected with an oxygen outlet of the electrolytic tank 20 through a pipeline, and separates electrolyte doped in oxygen and flows back to the electrolytic tank 20; the hydrogen purification device 18 is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic tank 20, and high-purity hydrogen is prepared by adopting a catalytic deoxidation method; the outlet of the hydrogen flow passage of the hydrogen cooling device 19 is connected with the outlet of the hydrogen purifying device 18 through a pipeline to cool the hydrogen; the hydrogen is then stored in the hydrogen storage module.
As shown in fig. 5, the turbine of the present invention adopts a centripetal structure, which comprises a volute 21, a guide blade grid 22 and a movable blade wheel 23; the guide blade row adopts rotatable nozzle blades capable of adjusting flow. In the turbine 5, the blades of the movable vane adopt a mode of alternately arranging long blades 24 and short blades 25, the long blades 24 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the bottom of the movable vane, and the short blades are arranged between two adjacent long blades; spacing of short vanes 25 from adjacent long vanesl 1 、l 2 The ratio is a (wherein a is a value of 0.5-0.8; preferably, a=2/3); the meridian lines of the short blades 25 and the long blades 24 are the same, and the inner meridian line and the outer meridian line are constructed by adopting a secondary Bezier curve; the distance from the inlet of the short blade 25 to the axis of the long blade 24 is the same, and the length L of the short blade 2 About the length L of a long blade 1 B times (b is a value of 0.6 to 0.9; preferably b=0.7);
spacing of short vanes 25 from adjacent long vanesl 1 、l 2 The value of the ratio a directly influences the isentropic efficiency of the impeller, and when the value of the ratio a is 0.5-0.8 in the figure 13, the isentropic efficiency can reach more than 86%. Whereas at a=2/3, the isentropic efficiency increases toPeak, exceeding 88%.
Length L of short blade 2 And a long blade length L 1 The isentropic efficiency of the impeller is directly affected by the ratio b, and when b is a value of 0.6-0.9 in fig. 14, the isentropic efficiency exceeds 86%. Whereas at b=0.7, the isentropic efficiency increases to a peak value exceeding 88%.
As shown in fig. 6, the flash tank of the present invention employs a momentum-driven vortex separator comprising a seawater inlet 26, a vapor outlet 27, a filter core 28, a nozzle ring 29, a separator housing 30, a separation chamber 31, and a concentrated seawater outlet 32; seawater enters the nozzle ring 29 from seawater inlet 26; the seawater flows through the blades arranged in the nozzle ring 29 to form two-phase flow due to pressure reduction, and meanwhile, the kinetic energy is increased; after flowing out of the nozzle ring 29, the gas phase and the liquid phase enter the separation chamber 31, perform circular motion under the action of inertia, and are separated under the action of centrifugal force; the water vapor rises in the separation chamber 31, is separated by the filter element 28, the liquid drops doped in the water vapor are removed, and then the water vapor flows out from the water vapor outlet; the water vapor outlet 27 is provided above the separator body; the liquid concentrated seawater descends along the wall surface of the separator housing 30 and finally flows out from the concentrated seawater outlet 32; the concentrate outlet 32 is arranged below the separator body.
As shown in fig. 7, the desalination condenser of the present invention adopts a plate heat exchanger structure, and is mainly composed of a guide rod 33, a support rod 34, an end plate 36, and a plate 35. As shown in fig. 8, water vapor flows in from the medium inlet 37 of the plate 35, flows down from the medium outlet 38, and flows through the bionic cactus micro-surface structure 39; the cooling water flows from bottom to top on the back of the plate 35 to cool the water vapor; the bionic cactus micro-surface structure 39 is mainly formed by combining a convex conical hydrophilic structure 40 and a hydrophobic structure 41, condensed liquid drops are automatically collected from the top to the bottom of the convex under the action of the Laplacian force, and then are spontaneously discharged from the hydrophobic structure at the bottom, so that the surface liquid drop refreshing efficiency is improved, and the condensation is enhanced.
As shown in FIG. 9, the hydrogen storage module of the present invention comprises a hydrogen storage reactor 42, a hydrogen storage alloy 43, tree-shaped fractal ribs 44, a hydrogen inlet 45, a hydrogen outlet 46, and cold seawaterA port 47, a cold sea water outlet 48; hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage reactor 42 through the hydrogen inlet 45 to perform hydrogenation reaction with the hydrogen storage alloy 43 therein to release heat; cold seawater for cooling enters through the cold seawater inlet 47 to absorb heat released by the hydrogenation reaction, and then flows out through the cold seawater outlet 48; the fins of each level of the tree-shaped fractal fin are arranged to be short inside and long outside and have a length ratioL i+1 /L i The number of fin stages is n (i+1 is external, i is internal, m is a length dimension with a value of 1.0-1.5, preferably m=1.3, and n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, preferably n=3).
Examples
The following examples are provided using the turbine of the present invention: the ammonia is used as working medium, the total pressure at the inlet of the volute is 1MPa, the total inlet temperature is 300K, the back pressure at the turbine outlet is 0.56 MPa, the outlet temperature is 280K, the mass flow is 0.6 kg/s, and the rotating speed of the impeller is 55000 rpm. The guide blade grid adopts adjustable nozzle blades, and the number of the blades is 24; the number of the middle and long blades and the number of the short blades of the movable impeller are 8 respectively, and the space ratio of the short blades to the adjacent long blades is 2:3, the length of the short blade is 0.7 times of the length of the long blade, the outer diameter of the impeller is 0.091 and m, and the height of the inlet blade is 0.005 and m. And obtaining a turbine internal flow field distribution diagram and efficiency through three-dimensional numerical calculation. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the pressure and temperature of the working medium in the turbine are uniformly distributed, and the whole body gradually descends along the flowing direction; as shown in FIG. 12, the working medium flows at subsonic speed, and flows smoothly without backflow and secondary flow phenomena. The turbine with long and short blades is adopted, the isentropic efficiency is 88.45%, and the output power is 40.2 kW; the turbine with long and short blades is not adopted, the isentropic efficiency is 85.2%, and the shaft work is 38.7kW. Fig. 13 shows a graph of the isentropic efficiency change of the turbine in the range of 0.25 to 1.0 for a, and fig. 14 shows a graph of the isentropic efficiency change of the turbine in the range of 0.3 to 0.9 for b.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a multi-functional device that utilizes of ocean temperature difference energy which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a marine temperature difference energy power generation module, a sea water desalination module, an electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module; the electric energy output end of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is respectively connected with an island citizen user, an electric device in the sea water desalination module and an electric device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module, and the generated electric energy is supplied to the island citizen, the sea water desalination module and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module for use; cold seawater flowing out of the cold seawater flow passage outlet of the condenser of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module flows into the seawater desalination module partially for cooling water vapor, flows into the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module partially for cooling hydrogen, and flows into the hydrogen storage module partially for cooling the hydrogen storage reactor;
the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module comprises an evaporator, a superheater, a turbine, a condenser for power generation, a liquid storage tank, a working medium pump and a generator; the evaporator, the superheater, the turbine, the condenser for power generation, the liquid storage tank and the working medium pump are sequentially connected to form a working medium circulation loop; the evaporator is internally provided with a working medium flow passage and a warm seawater flow passage; the working medium absorbs the heat of the warm seawater in the evaporator to generate evaporation phase change, and the generated steam enters the superheater and enters the turbine to do work after being heated to the overheat temperature; the exhaust steam flowing out of the turbine enters the condenser for power generation to generate condensation phase change to release heat to cold sea water; the power generation condenser is internally provided with a working medium flow passage and a cold sea water flow passage, the working medium is cooled by cold sea water in the power generation condenser and then enters the liquid storage tank, and then is pressurized by the working medium pump and enters the evaporator again to complete one cycle; the outlet of the cold seawater flow passage of the condenser for power generation is connected with the condenser for desalination in the seawater desalination module, the hydrogen cooling device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and the heat exchange fluid flow passage in the hydrogen storage module through pipelines, and is used for cooling water vapor, hydrogen and a hydrogen storage reactor;
the turbine adopts a centripetal structure and comprises a volute, a guide blade grid and a movable impeller; the guide blade grid adopts rotatable nozzle blades capable of adjusting flow; the blades of the movable impeller adopt a mode of alternately arranging long blades and short blades, the long blades are distributed along the circumferential direction of the bottom of the movable impeller, and the short blades are arranged between two adjacent long blades; the distance ratio of the short blade to the adjacent long blade is a, wherein a is a value of 0.5-0.8; the meridian lines of the short blade and the long blade are the same, and the inner meridian line and the outer meridian line are constructed by adopting a secondary Bezier curve; the distance from the inlet of the short blade to the axis is the same as that from the inlet of the long blade, the length of the short blade is b times that of the long blade, and b is a value between 0.6 and 0.9.
2. The multifunctional ocean thermal energy utilization device according to claim 1, wherein: the seawater desalination module comprises a flash tank, a condenser for desalination, a concentrated seawater pump, a fresh water tank, a buffer tank and a vacuum unit; a part of fresh water produced by the sea water desalination module is used for the electrolytic water hydrogen production module, and the other part of fresh water is used for the production and living of island citizens; the surface-layer-temperature seawater enters the flash tank for flash evaporation under the action of self-siphoning to form concentrated seawater and water vapor; the concentrated seawater pump pumps out the high-concentration seawater in the flash tank; the vapor flows into the desalination condenser under the driving action of pressure difference; the fresh water flow passage and the cold sea water flow passage are arranged in the condenser for desalination; the inlet of the cold seawater flow passage of the condenser for desalination is connected with the outlet of the cold seawater flow passage of the condenser for power generation through a pipeline; the inlet of the fresh water tank is connected with the outlet of the fresh water flow passage of the desalination condenser through a pipeline; the buffer tank is connected with the condenser for desalination through a pipeline and is used for separating non-condensable gas in the condenser for desalination and the flash tank; the vacuum unit is used for extracting gas in the buffer tank, so that the flash tank and the condenser for desalination keep a set vacuum degree.
3. The multifunctional ocean thermal energy utilization device according to claim 2, wherein: the flash tank adopts a momentum-driven vortex separator and comprises a separator shell, wherein the separator shell is provided with a seawater inlet, a vapor outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, and a nozzle ring, a separation chamber and a filter element are arranged in the separator shell; seawater enters the nozzle ring from the seawater inlet; the seawater flows through the blades arranged in the nozzle ring to form two-phase flow due to pressure reduction, and meanwhile, the kinetic energy is increased; the fluid flows out of the nozzle ring and enters the separation chamber, performs circular motion under the action of inertia, and separates vapor and concentrated seawater under the action of centrifugal force; the water vapor rises in the separation chamber, is separated by the filter element, and liquid drops doped in the water vapor are removed and then flow out of the water vapor outlet; the water vapor outlet is arranged above the vortex separator body; the concentrated seawater descends along the wall surface of the shell of the separation chamber and finally flows out from the concentrated seawater outlet; the concentrated seawater outlet is disposed below the vortex separator body.
4. A multi-functional ocean thermal energy utilization apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the condensation side of the fresh water flow channel in the condenser for desalination is provided with a bionic cactus conical surface microstructure, and the structure is formed by combining a convex conical hydrophilic structure and a surface hydrophobic structure; the condensed liquid drops in the condenser for desalination are automatically collected from the top to the bottom of the bulge under the action of the Laplace force, and then are spontaneously discharged from the hydrophobic structure of the bottom.
5. The multifunctional ocean thermal energy utilization device according to claim 2, wherein: the electrolytic water hydrogen production module comprises an electrolytic tank, a hydrogen separator, an oxygen separator, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen cooling device; the electrolytic tank is connected with the outlet of the fresh water tank through a pipeline and is used for electrolyzing fresh water into hydrogen and oxygen; the hydrogen separator is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic tank through a pipeline, and separates electrolyte doped in the hydrogen and flows back to the electrolytic tank; the oxygen separator is connected with an oxygen outlet of the electrolytic tank through a pipeline, and separates electrolyte doped in oxygen and flows back to the electrolytic tank; the hydrogen purification device is connected with the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic tank, and high-purity hydrogen is prepared by adopting a catalytic deoxidation method; the hydrogen cooling device is provided with a hydrogen flow passage and a cooling water flow passage; the hydrogen flow passage outlet of the hydrogen cooling device is connected with the hydrogen purifying device outlet through a pipeline; the cooling water flow passage of the hydrogen cooling device is connected with the outlet of the cold sea water flow passage of the condenser for power generation.
6. The multifunctional ocean thermal energy utilization device according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen storage module comprises a hydrogen storage reactor and a heat exchange fluid channel; the hydrogen storage reactor is internally provided with a hydrogen storage alloy; the hydrogen storage alloy is subjected to hydrogenation reaction with hydrogen after entering a hydrogen storage reactor, and heat is released; the heat exchange fluid channel is positioned at the axial center of the cylindrical hydrogen storage reactor, and cold sea water for heat dissipation is introduced into the heat exchange fluid channel; the inlet of the heat exchange fluid channel is connected with the outlet of the cold sea water flow channel of the condenser for power generation through a pipeline; and the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen storage reactor is connected with the hydrogen flow passage outlet of the hydrogen cooling device through a pipeline.
7. The multi-functional ocean thermal energy utilization apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the outer side of the heat exchange fluid channel is provided with tree-shaped fractal ribs for enhancing heat transfer in the hydrogen storage tank to the heat exchange fluid; the inside of each level of rib of the tree-shaped fractal rib is short and long, and the length ratio of each level of rib is short and longL i+1 /L i M, the fin number is n,L i+1 for the length of the outer rib,L i and the value of m is 1.0-1.5 for the length of the inner rib.
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