CN115013271A - Multifunctional utilization device for ocean temperature difference energy - Google Patents
Multifunctional utilization device for ocean temperature difference energy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy, which comprises an ocean thermal energy power generation module, a seawater desalination module, an electrolytic water hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module; the electric energy output end of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is respectively connected with the users of the island, the electricity utilization device in the seawater desalination module and the electricity utilization device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module, and the generated electric energy is supplied to the users of the island, the seawater desalination module and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module for use; the cold seawater flowing out of the cold seawater flow channel outlet of the condenser of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module partially flows into the seawater desalination module to be used for cooling water vapor, partially flows into the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module to be used for cooling hydrogen, and partially flows into the hydrogen storage module to be used for cooling the hydrogen storage reactor. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean temperature difference energy provided by the invention can efficiently utilize electric energy generated by ocean temperature difference energy to desalt seawater and electrolyze water to produce hydrogen on the basis of meeting the demand of electricity for production and living of island citizens, and realizes safe storage of hydrogen.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to power generation and comprehensive utilization of renewable energy sources, in particular to a multifunctional utilization device of ocean temperature difference energy.
Background
With the gradual shortage of fossil fuels, people are more and more urgent to develop renewable energy sources (such as ocean energy, wind energy and solar energy). The ocean temperature difference energy power generation is to convert the temperature difference between the cold seawater in the middle and deep layer of the seawater and the warm seawater on the surface layer of the seawater into electric energy. Compared with other renewable energy sources, the ocean temperature difference energy power generation has the advantages of small heat source temperature change amplitude and stable energy supply. The ocean thermal energy is rich in ocean temperature difference energy in China, so that the ocean thermal energy is a very potential energy source.
Ocean thermal energy power generation is a continuous and stable power generation mode. The electric energy generated by the power generation device is first supplied to residents on the island for use, and the difference between peak hours and valley hours of the island civil electricity is huge. The power generation amount and the power consumption amount cannot be completely matched, so that the residual power amount in the power consumption valley period needs to be stored. Due to the geographical location of the island, the transmission of excess electrical energy through remote submarine cables can greatly increase the cost of power transportation. Therefore, how to reasonably distribute or store the electric energy is a problem to be considered.
Hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy density, high efficiency and large social demand, and is a globally recognized clean energy source. The hydrogen production by water electrolysis is also a clean and environment-friendly mode, so that the electric energy generated by the ocean temperature difference energy power generation device is ideally stored in the form of hydrogen energy. Seawater near the island is abundant, and conversely, fresh water resources are deficient. Compared with two methods of directly electrolyzing seawater to produce hydrogen and electrolyzing fresh water to produce hydrogen after seawater desalination, the method for directly electrolyzing seawater to produce hydrogen has higher cost and poor stability, and the method for desalinating seawater first and then electrolyzing to produce hydrogen can effectively reduce the cost and improve the condition of fresh water shortage on the island. Therefore, the device is added with a seawater desalination module and a water electrolysis hydrogen production module, and seawater is firstly desalinated and then electrolyzed to produce hydrogen.
Since the hydrogen production system is located on the sea island, the hydrogen energy needs to be transported to land for use, which results in a very important process for storing and transporting the hydrogen. The common gaseous hydrogen storage method and the liquid hydrogen storage method have certain safety problems in the transportation process. The metal hydride hydrogen storage has the advantages of good safety and large hydrogen storage density, and is a currently accepted high-efficiency hydrogen storage mode. However, a strong thermal effect is accompanied in the process of absorbing and desorbing hydrogen, so that the hydrogen storage reactor needs to be structurally optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy, which can efficiently utilize electric energy generated by ocean thermal energy to desalinate seawater and electrolyze water to produce hydrogen on the basis of meeting the power demand of island production and living, and realize safe storage of hydrogen.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-functional utilization device of ocean thermal energy, its characterized in that includes: the system comprises an ocean temperature difference energy power generation module, a seawater desalination module, a water electrolysis hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module; the electric energy output end of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is respectively connected with an island user, an electric device in the seawater desalination module and an electric device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module, and the generated electric energy is supplied to the island user, the seawater desalination module and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module for use; the cold seawater flowing out of the cold seawater flow channel outlet of the condenser of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module partially flows into the seawater desalination module to be used for cooling water vapor, partially flows into the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module to be used for cooling hydrogen, and partially flows into the hydrogen storage module to be used for cooling the hydrogen storage reactor.
The electric energy output end of the ocean thermal energy power generation module is respectively connected with island users, electric devices (a concentrated seawater pump and a vacuum unit) in the seawater desalination module and electric devices (an electrolytic bath) in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module; the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module comprises an evaporator, a superheater, a turbine, a power generation condenser, a liquid storage tank, a working medium pump and a power generator; the evaporator, the superheater, the turbine, the power generation condenser, the liquid storage tank and the working medium pump are sequentially connected to form a working medium circulation loop; a working medium flow passage and a warm seawater flow passage are arranged in the evaporator; the working medium absorbs the heat of warm seawater in the evaporator to carry out evaporation phase change, and the generated steam enters the superheater and enters the turbine to do work after being heated to the superheating temperature; the exhaust steam flowing out of the turbine enters the power generation condenser to be condensed and phase-changed to release heat to cold seawater; the condenser for power generation is internally provided with a working medium flow passage and a cold seawater flow passage, and a working medium is cooled by cold seawater in the condenser for power generation and then enters the liquid storage tank, is pressurized by the working medium pump and then enters the evaporator again to complete primary circulation; the outlet of the cold seawater flow channel of the condenser for power generation is connected with the condenser for desalination in the seawater desalination module, the hydrogen cooling device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and the heat exchange fluid flow channel in the hydrogen storage module through pipelines and is used for cooling water vapor, hydrogen and the hydrogen storage reactor;
the seawater desalination module comprises a flash tank, a condenser for desalination, a concentrated seawater pump, a fresh water tank, a buffer tank and a vacuum unit, wherein part of the produced fresh water is used for the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module, and part of the produced fresh water is used for production and life of island people; the surface layer temperature seawater enters the flash tank for flash evaporation under the action of self-siphoning to form concentrated seawater and water vapor; the concentrated seawater pump pumps out the high-concentration seawater in the flash tank; the water vapor flows into the desalting condenser under the driving action of the pressure difference; a fresh water flow channel and a cold seawater flow channel are arranged in the condenser for desalination; the inlet of the cold seawater channel of the condenser for desalination is connected with the outlet of the cold seawater channel of the condenser for power generation through a pipeline; the fresh water tank inlet is connected with the fresh water runner outlet of the desalting condenser through a pipeline; the buffer tank is connected with the condenser for desalination through a pipeline and is used for separating non-condensable gas in the condenser for desalination and the flash tank; and the vacuum unit is used for extracting gas in the buffer tank, so that the flash tank and the desalting condenser keep a certain vacuum degree.
The water electrolysis hydrogen production module comprises an electrolytic bath, a hydrogen separator, an oxygen separator, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen cooling device. The water replenishing port of the electrolytic cell is connected with the outlet of the fresh water tank through a pipeline, and the fresh water is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen by adopting alkaline electrolyte, wherein the concentrations of the hydrogen and the oxygen are respectively 99.8 percent and 99.2 percent; the hydrogen separation device is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell through a pipeline, and is used for separating electrolyte doped in hydrogen and flowing back to the electrolytic cell; the oxygen separation device is connected with the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell through a pipeline, and is used for separating electrolyte doped in oxygen and enabling the electrolyte to flow back to the electrolytic cell; the hydrogen purification device is connected with the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell, and high-purity hydrogen is prepared by adopting a catalytic deoxidation method, wherein the catalyst is palladium metal and a porous substance; the hydrogen cooling device is provided with a hydrogen flow channel and a cooling water flow channel; the inlet of the hydrogen flow channel of the hydrogen cooling device is connected with the outlet of the hydrogen purification device through a pipeline; the inlet of the cooling water flow channel of the hydrogen cooling device is connected with the outlet of the cold seawater flow channel of the power generation condenser through a pipeline;
the hydrogen storage module comprises a hydrogen storage reactor and a heat exchange fluid channel. A hydrogen storage alloy is arranged in the hydrogen storage reactor; after hydrogen enters a hydrogen storage reactor, the hydrogen storage alloy and the hydrogen undergo hydrogenation reaction to release heat; the heat exchange fluid channel is positioned at the axis position of the cylindrical hydrogen storage reactor, and cold seawater for heat dissipation is introduced into the heat exchange fluid channel; the inlet of the heat exchange fluid flow channel is connected with the outlet of the cold seawater flow channel of the power generation condenser through a pipeline; and the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen storage reactor is connected with the outlet of the hydrogen flow passage of the hydrogen cooling device through a pipeline.
Aiming at the problem that the generated energy cannot be completely matched with the electricity consumption of residents on an island, the invention designs a multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy, which comprises an ocean thermal energy power generation module, a seawater desalination module, an electrolytic water hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module. On the basis of ensuring the electricity consumption of island citizens in production and living, the invention uses the surplus electric energy for seawater desalination and water electrolysis hydrogen production, thereby avoiding the waste of energy; the electric energy generated by the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is firstly directly used for meeting the electricity demand of island residents, one part of the surplus electric energy is used for providing electric energy for a concentrated seawater pump and a vacuum unit in the seawater desalination module, and the other part of the surplus electric energy is used for providing electric energy for an electrolytic cell in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module; the cold seawater pump pumps cold seawater to enter the cold seawater flow channel of the power generation condenser to cool working media, then part of cold discharge water flows into the seawater desalination module to be used for cooling water vapor, part of cold discharge water flows into the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module to be used for cooling hydrogen, and the other part of cold discharge water flows into the hydrogen storage module to be used for cooling the hydrogen storage reactor, so that the cascade utilization of the cold seawater is realized.
In the ocean temperature difference energy power generation system, the temperature difference between cold and hot seawater is small, so that the system efficiency is low. In order to improve the power generation efficiency, the turbine adopts a centripetal structure and comprises a volute, a guide vane grid and a movable impeller; the guide blade cascade adopts a rotatable nozzle blade capable of adjusting flow; the blades of the movable impeller are alternately arranged in a long blade and a short blade mode, the long blades are circumferentially distributed along the bottom of the movable impeller, and the short blade is arranged between every two adjacent long blades; the distance ratio of the short blade to the adjacent long blade is a (wherein a is 0.5-0.8, preferably, a = 2/3); the meridian molded lines of the short blade and the long blade are the same, and the inner meridian molded line and the outer meridian molded line are constructed by adopting a secondary Bezier curve; the distances from the inlets of the short blade and the long blade to the axis are the same, and the length of the short blade is b times of the length of the long blade (b is between 0.6 and 0.9, preferably, b = 0.7); the impeller with the structure can ensure the working capacity and the flowing stability of the working medium on one hand, and increase the flow area of the turbine outlet on the other hand, reduce the friction loss and improve the turbine efficiency.
When the seawater is subjected to two-phase separation in the flash tank, part of gas is carried into the concentrated seawater by falling liquid drops, so that the gas-liquid separation efficiency is reduced. Aiming at the problem, the flash tank adopts a momentum-driven vortex separator which comprises a seawater inlet, a nozzle ring, a separation chamber, a filter core, a water vapor outlet, a concentrated seawater outlet and a separator shell; seawater enters the nozzle ring from the seawater inlet; seawater flows through the blades arranged in the nozzle ring, forms two-phase flow due to pressure reduction, and simultaneously kinetic energy is increased; the fluid flows out of the nozzle ring and then enters the separation chamber, and the fluid performs circular motion under the action of inertia and is separated into water vapor and concentrated seawater under the action of centrifugal force; the water vapor rises in the separation chamber, is separated by the filter element, is removed with liquid drops mixed in the water vapor and then flows out from the water vapor outlet; the water vapor outlet is disposed above the vortex separator body; the concentrated seawater descends along the wall surface of the shell of the separation chamber and finally flows out of the concentrated seawater outlet; the concentrated seawater outlet is arranged below the vortex separator main body. The design realizes the high-efficiency separation of gas and liquid and improves the desalination efficiency of seawater.
Aiming at the problem that the fresh water condensation efficiency of a desalination condenser is not high. The condensation side of a fresh water flow channel in the condenser for desalination is provided with a bionic cactus conical surface microstructure which is formed by combining a convex conical hydrophilic structure and a surface hydrophobic structure. The liquid drops condensed in the condenser for desalination are automatically collected from the top of the protrusion to the bottom of the protrusion under the action of Laplace force and then are spontaneously discharged from the hydrophobic structure at the bottom of the protrusion, so that the refreshing efficiency of the liquid drops on the surface is improved, and condensation is strengthened. The condenser for desalination is provided with a bionic cactus conical surface microstructure, the hydrophobic modification method of the surface hydrophobic structure comprises but is not limited to spraying and sputtering, and the material of the conical hydrophilic structure comprises but is not limited to stainless steel, copper and aluminum.
Aiming at the problem of the heat effect of the common metal hydride hydrogen storage, the hydrogen storage tank is provided with tree fractal structure fins; the inside and outside of each level of rib sheet of the tree-shaped fractal rib sheet are short and long, and the length ratio isL i+1 /L i And the number of rib stages is n. (i +1 isIn addition, i is inner, m is 1.0-1.5, preferably, m = 1.3; n is a natural number of 2 or more, preferably, n = 3); the structure increases the heat dissipation area, and can strengthen the transfer of the heat of the flash chamber to the fluid in the heat exchange fluid pipe; cold seawater flows through the heat exchange tubes, so that comprehensive utilization of the cold seawater is realized. The hydrogen storage alloy includes, but is not limited to, LaNi 5 Rare earth hydrogen storage alloy, Mg-Ni system hydrogen storage alloy or Ti-Fe base alloy system.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the multifunctional utilization of ocean temperature difference energy is realized;
according to the invention, the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module based on the organic Rankine cycle is designed, so that electric energy can be continuously and stably generated; in the peak period of electricity utilization of the island residents, all the electric energy is supplied to island residents so as to ensure production and life; in the island civil electricity utilization valley period, part of electric energy is supplied to island civil users, and the rest of electric energy is supplied to the seawater desalination module and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module for seawater desalination and electrolyzed water hydrogen production, so that the multifunctional utilization of ocean temperature difference energy is realized;
(2) realizes the cascade utilization of cold seawater
The cold seawater used for cooling the working medium in the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is continuously used as the cooling water of the seawater desalination module, the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and the hydrogen storage module to cool the hydrogen, the fresh water and the hydrogen storage reactor, so that the gradient utilization of the cold seawater is realized;
(3) the problem of the shortage of fresh water resources on the island is solved
The invention uses part of the fresh water produced by the seawater desalination module for producing hydrogen by the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, and part of the fresh water is used for production and life of island citizens, thereby relieving the problem of water shortage of the island citizens.
(4) The efficiency of power generation and seawater desalination is improved
The invention adopts the form of alternate arrangement of long and short blades in the turbine, increases the flow area of the outlet on the basis of ensuring the working capacity of the working medium, and improves the efficiency of the turbine; the invention adopts the momentum-driven vortex separator, realizes high-efficiency gas-liquid separation, and increases the efficiency of seawater desalination; the conical surface microstructure of the bionic cactus is arranged on the condensation side of the fresh water flow channel of the condenser for desalination, so that the refreshing efficiency of surface liquid drops is improved, and condensation is strengthened.
(5) Realizes the high-efficiency storage and safe transportation of hydrogen
The hydrogen is stored at normal temperature by adopting a metal hydride hydrogen storage mode, and the hydrogen storage reactor is provided with the tree fractal structure fins, so that the heat dissipation area is increased; the heat of the reaction chamber is transferred to the fluid in the heat exchange fluid pipe more quickly, so that the temperature in the hydrogen storage reactor is kept at a lower level, and the hydrogen storage efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a process flow chart of a multifunctional utilization device of ocean temperature difference energy;
FIG. 2: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of an ocean temperature difference energy power generation module;
FIG. 3: the invention is a schematic diagram of a seawater desalination module;
FIG. 4: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of a water electrolysis hydrogen production module;
FIG. 5: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a turbine moving impeller blade;
FIG. 6: a schematic view of the momentum-driven vortex separator of the present invention;
FIG. 7: the invention is a structural schematic diagram of a desalting condenser;
FIG. 8: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of a side plate piece of a fresh water flow passage of a condenser and a micro-surface of a bionic cactus;
FIG. 9: the invention discloses a hydrogen storage module and a tree-shaped fractal fin structure schematic diagram;
FIG. 10: the invention relates to a pressure distribution cloud chart of a flow field in a turbine;
FIG. 11: the invention relates to a temperature distribution cloud chart of a flow field in a turbine;
FIG. 12: the invention relates to a flow chart of a flow field in a turbine;
FIG. 13: isentropic efficiency of impeller and spacing between long and short bladesl 1 、l 2 A relation graph of ratio a;
FIG. 14: and (3) a relation graph of the isentropic efficiency of the impeller and the length ratio b of the long blade to the short blade.
In the figure: 1. the system comprises a warm water pump 2, a cold water pump 3, an evaporator 4, a turbine 5, a superheater 6, a generator 7, a condenser 8 for power generation, a liquid storage tank 9, a working medium pump 10, a flash tank 11, a condenser 12 for desalination, a fresh water tank 13, a buffer tank 14, a vacuum unit 15, a concentrated seawater pump 16, an oxygen separator 17, a hydrogen separator 18, a hydrogen purification device 19, a hydrogen cooling device 20, an electrolytic tank 21, a volute 22, a guide vane grid 23, a movable vane wheel 24, a long vane 25, a short vane 26, a seawater inlet 27, a water vapor outlet 28, a filter element 29, a nozzle ring 30, a separator shell 31, a separation chamber 32, a concentrated seawater outlet 33, a guide rod 34, a support rod 35, a sheet 36, an end plate 37, a medium inlet 38, a medium outlet 39, a bionic micro-surface structure 40, a hydrophilic structure 41, a hydrophobic structure 42, a hydrogen storage tank shell 43, a hydrogen storage alloy 44, a tree-shaped fin 45 and a hydrogen inlet 46 Hydrogen outlet 47, cold seawater inlet 48, cold seawater outlet.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific figures and embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the invention relates to a multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy, which comprises an ocean thermal energy power generation module, a seawater desalination module, a hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module; the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module utilizes ocean temperature difference energy stored in surface layer seawater and deep layer seawater to generate power, and the seawater is respectively pumped by a warm water pump 1 and a cold water pump 2; on the premise of meeting the life of residents on the island, the surplus electric energy is used in a seawater desalination module and a water electrolysis hydrogen production module, so that the comprehensive utilization of ocean temperature difference energy is realized; the cold discharged water flowing out of the condenser 6 for power generation still has lower temperature, so the cold discharged water is introduced into the seawater desalination module, the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and the hydrogen storage module to be continuously used for cooling, and the full utilization of the cold seawater is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the ocean thermal energy power generation module of the invention comprises an evaporator 3, a superheater 4, a turbine 5, a generator 6, a power generation condenser 7, a liquid storage tank 8 and a working medium pump 9; the evaporator 3, the superheater 4, the turbine 5, the power generation condenser 7, the liquid storage tank 8 and the working medium pump 9 form an organic Rankine cycle loop, working medium absorbs warm seawater heat in the evaporator 3 to generate evaporation phase change, generated steam is heated to the overheating temperature in the superheater 4 and then enters the turbine 5 to do work, exhaust steam flowing out of the turbine 5 enters the power generation condenser 7 to be cooled by cold seawater and then enters the liquid storage tank 8, and then is pressurized by the working medium pump 9 and enters the evaporator 3 again to complete one cycle.
As shown in fig. 3, the seawater desalination module of the present invention comprises a flash tank 10, a desalination condenser 11, a fresh water tank 12, a buffer tank 13, a vacuum pump 14, and a concentrated seawater pump 15; the warm seawater enters the flash tank 10 for flash evaporation under the action of self-siphoning, and concentrated seawater and water vapor are formed; the concentrated seawater pump 15 pumps out the high-concentration seawater in the flash tank 10; the water vapor enters a desalting condenser 9 to be cooled under the driving action of pressure difference, and then enters a fresh water tank 12 to be stored; the vacuum pump 14 provides a certain vacuum degree for the condenser 11 and the flash tank 12 for desalination, and the vacuum pump 12 is intermittently opened to extract the non-condensable gas in the condenser 9 in the system operation process and temporarily store the non-condensable gas in the buffer tank 11 so as to ensure that the seawater desalination process is smoothly carried out.
As shown in fig. 4, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module of the present invention comprises an oxygen separator 16, a hydrogen separator 17, a hydrogen purification device 18, a hydrogen cooling device 19, and an electrolytic cell 20; the electrolytic cell 20 is connected with the outlet of the fresh water tank 12 through a pipeline and electrolyzes the fresh water into hydrogen and oxygen; the hydrogen separator 17 is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell 20 through a pipeline, and separates electrolyte doped in hydrogen and flows back to the electrolytic cell 20; the oxygen separator 16 is connected with an oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell 20 through a pipeline, and separates electrolyte doped in oxygen and flows back to the electrolytic cell 20; the hydrogen purification device 18 is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell 20, and high-purity hydrogen is prepared by adopting a catalytic deoxidation method; the outlet of the hydrogen flow passage of the hydrogen cooling device 19 is connected with the outlet of the hydrogen purification device 18 through a pipeline to cool the hydrogen; the hydrogen then enters the hydrogen storage module for storage.
As shown in fig. 5, the turbine of the present invention adopts a radial inflow structure, which includes a volute 21, a guide cascade 22 and a moving impeller 23; the guide vane cascade adopts rotatable nozzle vanes capable of adjusting flow. The movable impeller blades in the turbine 4 adopt a mode of alternately arranging long blades 24 and short blades 25, the long blades 24 are circumferentially distributed along the bottom of the movable impeller, and the short blades are arranged between two adjacent long blades; short blade 25 and two adjacent long bladesOf (2) isl 1 、l 2 The ratio is a (wherein a is between 0.5 and 0.8; preferably, a = 2/3); the meridian molded lines of the short blade 25 and the long blade 24 are the same, and the inner and outer meridian molded lines are constructed by adopting a secondary Bezier curve; the short blade 25 and the long blade 24 have the same distance from the inlet to the axis, and the short blade has a length L 2 About the length L of the long blade 1 B times (b is between 0.6 and 0.9; preferably, b = 0.7);
the distance between the short blade 25 and two adjacent long bladesl 1 、l 2 The value of the ratio a directly influences the isentropic efficiency of the impeller, as shown in fig. 13, when the value of a is 0.5-0.8, the isentropic efficiency can reach more than 86%. At a =2/3, the isentropic efficiency increases to a peak value, exceeding 88%.
Length L of short blade 2 And long blade length L 1 The ratio b also directly influences the isentropic efficiency of the impeller, as shown in fig. 14, when the value of b is 0.6-0.9, the isentropic efficiency exceeds 86%. Whereas at b =0.7 the isentropic efficiency increases to a peak, exceeding 88%.
As shown in fig. 6, the flash tank of the present invention employs a momentum-driven vortex separator comprising a seawater inlet 26, a water vapor outlet 27, a filter element 28, a nozzle ring 29, a separator housing 30, a separation chamber 31 and a concentrated seawater outlet 32; seawater enters the nozzle ring 29 from the seawater inlet 26; the seawater forms two-phase flow due to pressure reduction after flowing through the blades arranged in the nozzle ring 29, and meanwhile, the kinetic energy is increased; the gas phase and the liquid phase enter the separation chamber 31 after flowing out of the nozzle ring 29, and are subjected to circular motion under the action of inertia and separated under the action of centrifugal force; the water vapor rises in the separation chamber 31, is separated by the filter element 28, is removed from the liquid drops mixed in the water vapor, and then flows out from the water vapor outlet; the water vapor outlet 27 is provided above the separator body; the liquid concentrated seawater descends along the wall surface of the separation chamber shell 30 and finally flows out from a concentrated seawater outlet 32; the concentrated seawater outlet 32 is provided below the separator body.
As shown in FIG. 7, the condenser for desalination in the invention adopts a plate heat exchanger structure, which mainly comprises a guide rod 33, a support rod 34, an end plate 35 and a plate 36. As shown in fig. 8, water vapor flows in from the water vapor inlet 37 in the plate 36, flows downward and flows out from the fresh water outlet 38, and flows through the micro-surface structure 39 of the bionic cactus; cooling water flows from bottom to top on the back of the plate 36 to cool water vapor; the bionic cactus micro-surface structure 39 is mainly formed by combining a convex conical hydrophilic structure 40 and a hydrophobic structure 41, condensed liquid drops are automatically collected from the top of the convex to the bottom under the action of Laplace force and then are spontaneously discharged from the hydrophobic structure at the bottom, the refreshing efficiency of the liquid drops on the surface is improved, and condensation is strengthened.
As shown in fig. 9, the hydrogen storage module of the present invention is composed of a hydrogen storage reactor 42, a hydrogen storage alloy 43, tree-shaped fractal fins 44, a hydrogen inlet 45, a hydrogen outlet 46, a cold seawater inlet 47, and a cold seawater outlet 48; hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage reactor 39 through the hydrogen inlet 45 and is subjected to hydrogenation reaction with the hydrogen storage alloy 40 in the hydrogen storage reactor, and heat is released; cold seawater for cooling is introduced from a cold seawater inlet 47 to absorb heat released by the hydrogenation reaction, and then flows out from a cold seawater outlet 48; in the invention, all levels of fins of the tree-shaped fractal fin are arranged to be short inside and long outside, and the length ratioL i+1 /L i And n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, preferably n =3, wherein m is a length dimension between values of 1.0 and 1.5, preferably m = 1.3.
Examples
The turbine of the present invention provides the following examples: ammonia is used as a working medium, the total pressure at the inlet of the volute is 1MPa, the total inlet temperature is 300K, the backpressure at the outlet of the turbine is 0.56 MPa, the outlet temperature is 280K, the mass flow is 0.6 kg/s, and the rotating speed of the impeller is 55000 rpm. The guide blade cascade adopts adjustable nozzle blades, and the number of the blades is 24; long blade and short blade respectively have 8 in the movable vane wheel, and the interval ratio of short blade and adjacent long blade is 2: 3, the length of the short blade is 0.7 times of that of the long blade, the outer diameter of the impeller is 0.091 m, and the height of the inlet blade is 0.005 m. And obtaining a flow field distribution diagram and efficiency in the turbine through three-dimensional numerical calculation. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the pressure and temperature distribution of the working medium in the turbine are uniform, and the whole body gradually decreases along the flow direction; as shown in FIG. 12, the working medium is at subsonic speed when flowing, and flows smoothly without backflow and secondary flow phenomena. The turbine with long and short blades is adopted, the isentropic efficiency is 88.45%, and the output power is 40.2 kW; the turbine with long and short blades is not adopted, the isentropic efficiency is 85.2 percent, and the axial work is 38.7 kW. FIG. 13 is a graph showing the variation of the isentropic efficiency of the turbine in the range of a value of 0.25 to 1.0, and FIG. 14 is a graph showing the variation of the isentropic efficiency of the turbine in the range of b value of 0.3 to 0.9.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-functional utilization device of ocean thermal energy, its characterized in that includes: the system comprises an ocean temperature difference energy power generation module, a seawater desalination module, an electrolytic water hydrogen production module and a hydrogen storage module; the electric energy output end of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module is respectively connected with an island user, an electric device in the seawater desalination module and an electric device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module, and the generated electric energy is supplied to the island user, the seawater desalination module and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module for use; the cold seawater flowing out of the cold seawater flow channel outlet of the condenser of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module partially flows into the seawater desalination module to be used for cooling water vapor, partially flows into the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module to be used for cooling hydrogen, and partially flows into the hydrogen storage module to be used for cooling the hydrogen storage reactor.
2. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy of claim 1, wherein: the ocean temperature difference energy power generation module comprises an evaporator, a superheater, a turbine, a power generation condenser, a liquid storage tank, a working medium pump and a power generator; the evaporator, the superheater, the turbine, the power generation condenser, the liquid storage tank and the working medium pump are sequentially connected to form a working medium circulation loop; a working medium flow passage and a warm seawater flow passage are arranged in the evaporator; the working medium absorbs the heat of warm seawater in the evaporator to carry out evaporation phase change, and the generated steam enters the superheater and enters the turbine to do work after being heated to the superheating temperature; the exhaust steam flowing out of the turbine enters the power generation condenser to be condensed and phase-changed to release heat to cold seawater; the condenser for power generation is internally provided with a working medium flow passage and a cold seawater flow passage, and a working medium is cooled by cold seawater in the condenser for power generation and then enters the liquid storage tank, is pressurized by the working medium pump and then enters the evaporator again to complete primary circulation; the outlet of the cold seawater flow channel of the condenser for power generation is connected with the condenser for desalination in the seawater desalination module, the hydrogen cooling device in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module and the heat exchange fluid flow channel in the hydrogen storage module through pipelines and is used for cooling water vapor, hydrogen and the hydrogen storage reactor.
3. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy of claim 2, wherein: the turbine adopts a centripetal structure and comprises a volute, a guide blade grid and a movable impeller; the guide blade cascade adopts a rotatable nozzle blade capable of adjusting flow; the blades of the movable impeller are alternately arranged in a long blade and a short blade mode, the long blades are circumferentially distributed along the bottom of the movable impeller, and the short blade is arranged between every two adjacent long blades; the distance ratio of the short blade to the adjacent long blade is a, wherein the value of a is 0.5-0.8; the meridian molded lines of the short blade and the long blade are the same, and the inner meridian molded line and the outer meridian molded line are constructed by adopting a secondary Bezier curve; the distance from the inlet of the short blade to the axis of the long blade is the same, the length of the short blade is b times of that of the long blade, and the value of b is 0.6-0.9.
4. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy of claim 1, wherein: the seawater desalination module comprises a flash tank, a desalination condenser, a concentrated seawater pump, a fresh water tank, a buffer tank and a vacuum unit; the fresh water produced by the seawater desalination module is partially used for the electrolyzed water hydrogen production module, and is partially used for production and life of island citizens; the surface layer warm seawater enters the flash tank for flash evaporation under the action of self-siphonage to form concentrated seawater and water vapor; the concentrated seawater pump pumps out the high-concentration seawater in the flash tank; the water vapor flows into the desalting condenser under the driving action of the pressure difference; a fresh water flow channel and a cold seawater flow channel are arranged in the condenser for desalination; the inlet of the cold seawater channel of the condenser for desalination is connected with the outlet of the cold seawater channel of the condenser for power generation through a pipeline; the fresh water tank inlet is connected with the fresh water runner outlet of the desalting condenser through a pipeline; the buffer tank is connected with the condenser for desalination through a pipeline and is used for separating non-condensable gas in the condenser for desalination and the flash tank; and the vacuum unit is used for extracting gas in the buffer tank to ensure that the flash tank and the desalting condenser keep a set vacuum degree.
5. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy of claim 4, wherein: the flash tank adopts a momentum-driven vortex separator, and comprises a separator shell, wherein the separator shell is provided with a seawater inlet, a steam outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, and a nozzle ring, a separation chamber and a filter element are arranged in the separator shell; seawater enters the nozzle ring from the seawater inlet; seawater flows through the blades arranged in the nozzle ring to form two-phase flow due to pressure reduction, and meanwhile kinetic energy is increased; the fluid flows out of the nozzle ring and then enters the separation chamber, and the fluid performs circular motion under the action of inertia and is separated into water vapor and concentrated seawater under the action of centrifugal force; the water vapor rises in the separation chamber, is separated by a filter element, is removed from liquid drops doped in the water vapor and then flows out of the water vapor outlet; the water vapor outlet is disposed above the vortex separator body; the concentrated seawater descends along the wall surface of the shell of the separation chamber and finally flows out from the concentrated seawater outlet; the concentrated seawater outlet is arranged below the vortex separator main body.
6. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy of claim 4, wherein: the condensation side of a fresh water flow channel in the condenser for desalination is provided with a bionic cactus conical surface microstructure which is formed by combining a convex conical hydrophilic structure and a surface hydrophobic structure; the liquid drops condensed in the desalting condenser are automatically collected from the top to the bottom of the bulge under the action of Laplace force and then are spontaneously discharged from the hydrophobic structure at the bottom.
7. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy of claim 1, wherein: the water electrolysis hydrogen production module comprises an electrolytic bath, a hydrogen separator, an oxygen separator, a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen cooling device; the electrolytic cell is connected with the outlet of the fresh water tank through a pipeline to electrolyze the fresh water into hydrogen and oxygen; the hydrogen separator is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell through a pipeline, and separates electrolyte doped in hydrogen and flows back to the electrolytic cell; the oxygen separator is connected with an oxygen outlet of the electrolytic cell through a pipeline, and is used for separating electrolyte doped in oxygen and flowing back to the electrolytic cell; the hydrogen purification device is connected with the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic cell, and high-purity hydrogen is prepared by adopting a catalytic deoxidation method; the hydrogen cooling device is provided with a hydrogen flow channel and a cooling water flow channel; the outlet of the hydrogen flow passage of the hydrogen cooling device is connected with the outlet of the hydrogen purification device through a pipeline; and the cooling water flow channel of the hydrogen cooling device is connected with the outlet of the cold seawater flow channel of the power generation condenser.
8. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen storage module comprises a hydrogen storage reactor and a heat exchange fluid channel; a hydrogen storage alloy is arranged in the hydrogen storage reactor; after hydrogen enters a hydrogen storage reactor, the hydrogen storage alloy and the hydrogen undergo hydrogenation reaction to release heat; the heat exchange fluid channel is positioned at the axis position of the cylindrical hydrogen storage reactor, and cold seawater for heat dissipation is introduced into the heat exchange fluid channel; the inlet of the heat exchange fluid flow channel is connected with the outlet of the cold seawater flow channel of the power generation condenser through a pipeline; and the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen storage reactor is connected with the hydrogen flow passage outlet of the hydrogen cooling device through a pipeline.
9. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy of claim 8, wherein: tree-shaped fractal fins for strengthening the heat transfer in the hydrogen storage tank to the heat exchange fluid are arranged on the outer side of the heat exchange fluid channel; the inside and outside of each level of rib sheet of the tree-shaped fractal rib sheet are short and long, and the length ratio isL i+1 /L i = m, the number of rib stages is n,L i+1 in order to be the length of the outer rib,L i the length of the inner fin is 1.0-1.5.
10. The multifunctional utilization device of ocean thermal energy of claim 8, wherein: the hydrogen storage alloy includes, but is not limited to, LaNi 5 Rare earth hydrogen storage alloys, Mg-Ni system hydrogen storage alloys, and Ti-Fe-based alloy systems.
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