CN115012252B - 一种可降解高光防油纸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可降解高光防油纸及其制备方法,属于造纸技术领域。所述防油纸包括原纸和原纸表面涂覆的可降解防油层;所述可降解防油层包括以下重量份原料:5‑15份壳聚糖、5‑15份层状聚合物、1‑4份改性纳米纤维素、0.5‑1份流变调整剂、43‑190份水。为获得降解性好且隔油性好的防油纸,本发明选用对降解性好的原纸进行涂布,获得可降解防油层,通过可降解防油层赋予原纸良好的隔油性能和高光性能,且原纸中加入了改性纳米纤维素,利用纤维素优异的韧性增强作用,赋予原纸良好的韧性,同时改性纳米纤维素进行了疏水处理,降低原纸的吸湿性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于造纸技术领域,具体地,涉及一种可降解高光防油纸及其制备方法。
背景技术
对于纸质包装而言,纸张自身具有可生物降解和回收再利用的优势。但是对于用于食品、餐饮等领域的纸制品由于要与含油、含脂和/或含水的食品接触,需要一个防渗透的阻挡层,是提高纸质包装品质的关键。
目前纸质材料的防油处理主要分为两种:第一种是在纸张表面上覆上防油层,该方法简单高效,可赋予纸张优异的防水性能,亚光、高光、纸张表面图案具有高度的可设计性,但是现有应用的防油层多为石油基材料,无形中降低了纸张自身的可降解性;第二种则是在纸浆中添加或是在纸面上涂抹防油制剂以达到防水防油的功效,该方法产生的效果主要依靠放油剂的添加,而目前市场上应有的放油剂主要为含氟化合物,多为人工合成有机高分子材料,难以保障安全性且降解性差。
因此,寻求一种降解性好且隔油性好的防油纸是目前防油纸技术领域需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可降解高光防油纸及其制备方法,以解决背景技术中的问题。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种可降解高光防油纸,包括原纸和原纸表面涂覆的可降解防油层。
进一步地,所述原纸包括以下重量份原料:秸秆浆45-75份、木屑浆35-55份、改性纳米纤维素5.5-12.5份、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺1.5-3.5份、硅溶胶0.6-1.5份。
进一步地,所述可降解防油层包括以下重量份原料:5-15份壳聚糖、5-15份层状聚合物、1-4份改性纳米纤维素、0.5-1份流变调整剂、43-190份水。
进一步地,所述流变调整剂可以是丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚氨酯共聚物、纤维素衍生物等类型的增稠剂产品,如聚丙烯酰胺、聚氨酯、丙烯酸、羧甲基纤维素等。
进一步地,所述层状聚合物包括以下步骤制成:
将插层改性云母粉加入无水乙醇中,溶胀1.5-2h,然后加入含有混合单体、引发剂和催化剂的乙醇,并搅拌均匀,然后氮气保护下,120-140℃搅拌6-12h,停止反应,减压旋蒸,得层状聚合物,其中,插层改性云母粉、混合单体的质量比为8-18:60-80,引发剂的用量为混合单体质量的1-4%,催化剂的用量为混合单体质量的1-4%,混合单体为2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧杂环庚烷、己内酯、丙烯酸甲酯按照质量比15-30:7-18:16-35混合形成。
在上述反应中,利用插层改性云母粉为具有较大层间距的层状物质,使得混合单体可以进入层间,同时混合单体与云母粉表面的乙烯基,在引发剂的作用下发生聚合反应,获得具有层状结构特征的聚合物,利用云母粉的片层结构优异的阻隔性,赋予层状聚合物优异的阻隔性能,且插层改性云母粉表面接枝有硅氧烷,赋予该聚合物良好的防水性能,最后,云母粉的片层结构具有良好的反光特性,因此,将该层状聚合物可赋予防油层高光特性。
进一步地,所述引发剂为偶氮类引发剂,如偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈等。
进一步地,所述催化剂为有机锡类催化剂,如辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡等。
进一步地,所述插层改性云母粉包括以下步骤制成:
将云母干粉已经过热活化、酸化、钠化处理后,得处理后云母粉;然后将处理后云母粉超声分散在乙醇水溶液中,在搅拌下滴加乙烯基硅氧烷,滴加完全后,超声分散20-40min,然后加热至60-70℃,搅拌反应12-24h,然后降至室温,抽滤,干燥,得插层改性云母粉,其中,处理后的云母干粉、乙烯基硅氧烷的质量比为10:0.6-1.2。
在上述反应中,利用了热活化、酸化、钠化对云母粉进行处理,使得云母粉具有高活性以及层间距,然后再利用乙烯基硅氧烷为插层剂,利用乙烯基硅氧烷水解产生的硅醇键和云母粉表面的羟基发生醚化反应,一方面使得云母粉表面富含双键,另一方面,进一步扩大云母粉的层间距。
进一步地,所述热活化条件:750-800℃下热活化1-1.5h。
进一步地,所述酸化条件:用3-5M硝酸在90-95℃下搅拌处理3-5h,云母粉与3-5M硝酸的固液比为1g:10-15mL。
进一步地,所述钠化条件:用5-6M氢氧化钠溶液在90-95℃下搅拌处理1-1.5h,且云母粉与5-6M氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1g:10-15mL。
进一步地,所述改性纳米纤维素包括以下步骤制成:
A1、将乙烯基硅氧烷和乙醇混合均匀后,并用盐酸调节溶液pH值为4-5,得前驱体溶液,然后将前驱体溶液缓慢滴加到pH值为4-5的乙醇水溶液,滴加完全后,继续搅拌3-4h,得疏水处理液,其中,乙烯基硅氧烷和水的摩尔比为1:5,乙醇水溶液中乙醇和水的质量比为1:2,前躯体溶液中乙烯基硅氧烷和乙醇的用量比为0.1mol:40-60mL;
A2、将纳米纤维素浸泡到疏水处理液中,并加热至40-60℃,搅拌2-4h,然后抽滤,用水和乙醇依次洗涤数次,得改性纳米纤维素,其中,纳米纤维素、疏水处理液的质量比为1:6-9。
该种可降解高光防油纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将秸秆浆和木屑浆混合后进行打浆,使得打浆度为55-70°SR,用标准纤维解离器疏解20000转,加入改性纳米纤维素、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和硅溶胶,搅拌均匀,用抄片器抄制成定量26±2g/m2的纸页,然后用压榨机在2.5kg/cm2下加压1-3min,再用转鼓干燥机烘干,得原纸;
步骤二、将可降解防油层的原料混合均匀作为涂布液,采用10号刮棒对原纸进行涂布处理,再经压光处理,得可降解高光防油纸,其中压光辊温度控制在100-150℃,压光压力为130-160kN/m。
本发明的有益效果:
为获得降解性好且隔油性好的防油纸,本发明选用对降解性好的原纸进行涂布,获得可降解防油层,通过可降解防油层赋予原纸良好的隔油性能和高光特性,且原纸中加入了改性纳米纤维素,利用纤维素优异的韧性增强作用,赋予原纸良好的韧性,同时改性纳米纤维素进行了疏水处理,降低原纸的吸湿性;
所述可降解防油层是以壳聚糖为基料,利用了壳聚糖良好的可降解性,同时通过层状聚合物和改性纳米纤维的引入,提高涂层的隔油防水性能和高光性能,其中,层状聚合物为插层改性云母粉和混合单体经聚合反应形成,为一种具有层状结构特征的聚合物,利用云母粉的片层结构优异的阻隔性,赋予层状聚合物优异的阻隔性能,且插层改性云母粉表面接枝有硅氧烷,赋予该聚合物良好的防水性能,最后,云母粉的片层结构具有良好的反光特性,将该层状聚合物赋予防油层的良好高光特性,最为重要的是混合单体为2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧杂环庚烷、己内酯、丙烯酸甲酯混合组成,为一种聚丙烯酸酯,具有聚丙烯酸酯良好的粘性作用,提高防油涂层与原纸之间的剥离强度,且其含有大量酯基,能与壳聚糖分子形成氢键,与壳聚糖基料具有良好的相容性,同时2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧杂环庚烷、己内酯两单体具有形成的分子链段均具有可降解性,避免因层状聚合物的引入降低了防水涂层的降解性;
所述改性纳米纤维素利用了含有乙烯基硅氧烷反应的处理液对纳米纤维素处理所得,其表面含有大量的硅氧链和双键,一方面,对纳米纤维素进行疏水改性,赋予了改性纳米纤维防水防油性能,另一方面,赋予了改性纳米纤维素反应性,促进纳米纤维素与壳聚糖、层状聚合物之间的反应,提高防油涂层的整体性,进而促进纳米纤维素对涂层韧性的增强作用,因而,改性纳米纤维素的加入即可提高防油涂层的防水防油性能,又可提高防油涂层的韧性;
综上所述,本发明获得防油纸具有良好的降解性能和隔油性能,且具有高光的特征。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
制备插层改性云母粉:
将云母干粉已经过热活化、酸化、钠化处理后,得处理后云母粉;然后将10g处理后云母粉超声分散在80mL乙醇水溶液(乙醇和水的体积比为3:1)中,在搅拌下滴加0.6g乙烯基硅氧烷,滴加完全后,超声分散20min,然后加热至60℃,搅拌反应24h,然后降至室温,抽滤,干燥,得插层改性云母粉,其中,所述热活化条件:750℃下热活化1.5h;用3M硝酸在90℃下搅拌处理5h,云母粉与3M硝酸的固液比为1g:10mL;所述钠化条件:用5M氢氧化钠溶液在90℃下搅拌处理1.5h,且云母粉与5M氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1g:10mL。
实施例2
制备插层改性云母粉:
将云母干粉已经过热活化、酸化、钠化处理后,得处理后云母粉;然后将10g处理后云母粉超声分散在100mL乙醇水溶液(乙醇和水的体积比为4:1)中,在搅拌下滴加0.1.2g乙烯基硅氧烷,滴加完全后,超声分散40min,然后加热至70℃,搅拌反应12h,然后降至室温,抽滤,干燥,得插层改性云母粉,其中,所述热活化条件:800℃下热活化1h;用5M硝酸在95℃下搅拌处理3h,云母粉与5M硝酸的固液比为1g:15mL;所述钠化条件:用6M氢氧化钠溶液在95℃下搅拌处理1h,且云母粉与6M氢氧化钠溶液的固液比为1g:15mL。
实施例3
制备层状聚合物:
将8g实施例1制备的插层改性云母粉加入100mL无水乙醇中,溶胀1.5h,然后加入150mL含有60g混合单体、0.6g引发剂和0.6g催化剂的乙醇,并搅拌均匀,然后氮气保护下,120℃搅拌12h,停止反应,减压旋蒸,得层状聚合物,其中,混合单体为2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧杂环庚烷、己内酯、丙烯酸甲酯按照质量比15:18:16混合形成;所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈;所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡。
实施例4
制备层状聚合物:
将18g实施例1制备的插层改性云母粉加入120mL无水乙醇中,溶胀2h,然后加入150mL含有80g混合单体、3.2g引发剂和3.2g催化剂的乙醇,并搅拌均匀,然后氮气保护下,140℃搅拌6h,停止反应,减压旋蒸,得层状聚合物,其中,混合单体为2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧杂环庚烷、己内酯、丙烯酸甲酯按照质量比30:7:16混合形成;所述引发剂偶氮二异庚腈,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
实施例5
制备改性纳米纤维:
A1、将0.1mol乙烯基硅氧烷和40mL乙醇混合均匀后,并用盐酸调节溶液pH值为4-4.5,得前驱体溶液,然后将前驱体溶液缓慢滴加到pH值为4-4.5的13.5g乙醇水(含有0.5mol水)溶液,滴加完全后,继续搅拌3h,得疏水处理液;
A2、将10g纳米纤维素浸泡到60g疏水处理液中,并加热至40℃,搅拌2h,然后抽滤,用水和乙醇依次洗涤3次,得改性纳米纤维素。
实施例6
制备改性纳米纤维:
A1、将0.1mol乙烯基硅氧烷和60mL乙醇混合均匀后,并用盐酸调节溶液pH值为4.5-5,得前驱体溶液,然后将前驱体溶液缓慢滴加到pH值为4.5-5的13.5g乙醇水(含有0.5mol水)溶液,滴加完全后,继续搅拌4h,得疏水处理液;
A2、将10g纳米纤维素浸泡到90g疏水处理液中,并加热至60℃,搅拌4h,然后抽滤,用水和乙醇依次洗涤4次,得改性纳米纤维素。
实施例7
制备可降解高光防油纸:
步骤一、按照以下重量准备原纸和可降解防油层的原料:原纸包括以下重量份原料:秸秆浆45份、木屑浆55份、实施例5制备的改性纳米纤维素5.5份、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺1.5份、硅溶胶0.6份;可降解防油层包括以下重量份原料:5份壳聚糖、5份实施例3制备的层状聚合物、1份实施例5制备的改性纳米纤维素、0.5份流变调整剂、43份水;所述流变调整剂为聚丙烯酰胺;
步骤二、将秸秆浆和木屑浆混合后进行打浆,使得打浆度为60°SR,用标准纤维解离器疏解20000转,加入改性纳米纤维素、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和硅溶胶,搅拌均匀,用抄片器抄制成定量26±2g/m2的纸页,然后用压榨机在2.5kg/cm2下加压3min,再用转鼓干燥机烘干,得原纸;
步骤三、将可降解防油层的原料混合均匀作为涂布液,采用10号刮棒对原纸进行涂布处理,再经压光处理,得可降解高光防油纸,其中压光辊温度控制在100℃,压光压力为130-140kN/m。
实施例8
制备可降解高光防油纸:
步骤一、按照以下重量准备原纸和可降解防油层的原料:原纸包括以下重量份原料:秸秆浆65份、木屑浆45份、实施例5制备的改性纳米纤维素8份、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺2份、硅溶胶1份;可降解防油层包括以下重量份原料:10份壳聚糖、9份实施例3制备的层状聚合物、3份实施例5制备的改性纳米纤维素、0.6份流变调整剂、95份水;所述流变调整剂为羧甲基纤维素;
步骤二、将秸秆浆和木屑浆混合后进行打浆,使得打浆度为65°SR,用标准纤维解离器疏解20000转,加入改性纳米纤维素、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和硅溶胶,搅拌均匀,用抄片器抄制成定量26±2g/m2的纸页,然后用压榨机在2.5kg/cm2下加压3min,再用转鼓干燥机烘干,得原纸;
步骤三、将可降解防油层的原料混合均匀作为涂布液,采用10号刮棒对原纸进行涂布处理,再经压光处理,得可降解高光防油纸,其中压光辊温度控制在130℃,压光压力为140kN/m。
实施例9
制备可降解高光防油纸:
步骤一、按照以下重量准备原纸和可降解防油层的原料:原纸包括以下重量份原料:秸秆浆75份、木屑浆35份、实施例5制备的改性纳米纤维素12.5份、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺3.5份、硅溶胶1.5份;可降解防油层包括以下重量份原料:15份壳聚糖、15份实施例3制备的层状聚合物、4份实施例5制备的改性纳米纤维素、1份流变调整剂、190份水;所述流变调整剂为丙烯酸;
步骤二、将秸秆浆和木屑浆混合后进行打浆,使得打浆度为70°SR,用标准纤维解离器疏解20000转,加入改性纳米纤维素、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和硅溶胶,搅拌均匀,用抄片器抄制成定量26±2g/m2的纸页,然后用压榨机在2.5kg/cm2下加压3min,再用转鼓干燥机烘干,得原纸;
步骤三、将可降解防油层的原料混合均匀作为涂布液,采用10号刮棒对原纸进行涂布处理,再经压光处理,得可降解高光防油纸,其中压光辊温度控制在150℃,压光压力为160kN/m。
对比例1
制备可降解高光防油纸:与实施例5相比,将可降解防油层原料中的层状聚合物等量替换成以下步骤制备的聚合物,其余相同:
向100mL无水乙醇中150mL含有60g混合单体、0.6g引发剂和0.6g催化剂的乙醇,并搅拌均匀,然后氮气保护下,120℃搅拌12h,停止反应,减压旋蒸,得聚合物,其中,混合单体为2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧杂环庚烷、己内酯、丙烯酸甲酯按照质量比为15:18:16;所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈;所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡。
对比例2
制备可降解高光防油纸:与实施例6相比,将可降解防油层原料中的层状聚合物等量替换成实施例1制备的插层改性云母粉,其余相同。
对比例3
制备可降解高光防油纸:与实施例7相比,将可降解防油层原料中的改性纳米纤维素等量替换成纳米纤维素,其余相同。
对比例4
制备可降解高光防油纸:与实施例5相比,将原纸原料中的改性纳米纤维素等量替换成纳米纤维素,其余相同。
实施例10
将实施例7-9和对比例1-4获得的可降解高光防油纸进行以下性能测试:
防油性能:依照TAPPI UM 557标准测定,将甲苯、蓖麻油和正庚烷配置成为不同体积比例的混合物来测试纸张的防油性能,根据不同的比例分12个等级,参见表1,测试时将不同类型的混合液滴在被测量样品上保留15s,观察被测样品,不能渗透过被测纸样的上述混合液所对应的等级即是该纸样的防油等级,防油等级越高,防油性能越好;对于日常需求,一般而言防油等级在5-8级已经能满足;
表1
防水性能:用3M-II-1988方法对纸张纤维表面进行拒水等级测试,此测试方法主要是将异丙醇和水以不同比例混合,如表2所示,配置成标准溶液测试体系;然后将测试纸样放在光滑的平面上,从低级数开始测试,每次取液滴0.5mL滴在待测样品上,同时进行计时,若10s内液体没有润湿待测样品,则为通过,至不通过为止,取最后所通过的级别为产品拒水级别,防水等级越高,防水能力越好;
表2
等级 | 异丙醇用量/wt% | 水用量/wt% |
1级 | 2 | 98 |
2级 | 5 | 95 |
3级 | 10 | 90 |
4级 | 20 | 80 |
5级 | 30 | 70 |
6级 | 40 | 60 |
7级 | 50 | 50 |
8级 | 60 | 40 |
9级 | 70 | 30 |
10级 | 80 | 20 |
11级 | 90 | 10 |
12级 | 100 | 0 |
纸张拉伸性能:采用济南兰光机电技术有限公司XLW(PC)型智能电子拉力机对涂层样品的拉伸强度进行测试;测试温度为25℃,湿度为50%RH,速度为100mm/min,样品大小为30mm×15mm,每种样品测试不少于5次,结果取平均值;
光泽度:用光泽度仪测定纸张表面的60°光泽度,每个样品进行4次平行测试,取平均值;
降解性能:进行埋土降解试验,取30mm×15mm的纸张,充分干燥至恒重(W0),作上标记埋于地表之下约10cm处,3个月后取出,用水与乙醇洗净,干燥后称重(W1),计算失重率,失重率(%)=(W1-W0)/W0×100%;测试试样采取5个,最终结果取平均值;
所得测试结果如表3所示。
表3
从表3中的数据可知,实施例5-7所得的可降解高光防油纸具有良好的防油性能、防水性能、可降解性和高光性。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种可降解高光防油纸,其特征在于:包括原纸和原纸表面涂覆的可降解防油层;
所述可降解防油层包括以下重量份原料:5-15份壳聚糖、5-15份层状聚合物、1-4份改性纳米纤维素、0.5-1份流变调整剂、43-190份水;
所述层状聚合物包括以下步骤制成:
将插层改性云母粉加入无水乙醇中,溶胀1.5-2h,然后加入含有混合单体、引发剂和催化剂的乙醇,并搅拌均匀,然后氮气保护下,120-140℃搅拌6-12h,停止反应,减压旋蒸,得层状聚合物,混合单体为2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧杂环庚烷、己内酯、丙烯酸甲酯按照质量比15-30:7-18:16-35混合形成;
所述改性纳米纤维素包括以下步骤制成:
A1、将乙烯基硅氧烷和乙醇混合均匀后,并用盐酸调节溶液pH值为4-5,得前驱体溶液,然后将前驱体溶液缓慢滴加到pH值为4-5的乙醇水溶液,滴加完全后,继续搅拌3-4h,得疏水处理液;
A2、将纳米纤维素浸泡到疏水处理液中,并加热至40-60℃,搅拌2-4h,然后抽滤,用水和乙醇依次洗涤,得改性纳米纤维素;
步骤A1中乙烯基硅氧烷和水的摩尔比为1:5,乙醇水溶液中乙醇和水的质量比为1:2,前驱体溶液中乙烯基硅氧烷和乙醇的用量比为0.1mol:40-60mL;
步骤A2中纳米纤维素、疏水处理液的质量比为1:6-9。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解高光防油纸,其特征在于:所述插层改性云母粉、混合单体的质量比为8-18:60-80。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解高光防油纸,其特征在于:所述原纸包括以下重量份原料:秸秆浆45-75份、木屑浆35-55份、改性纳米纤维素5.5-12.5份、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺1.5-3.5份、硅溶胶0.6-1.5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解高光防油纸,其特征在于:所述插层改性云母粉包括以下步骤制成:
将云母干粉已经过热活化、酸化、钠化处理后,得处理后云母粉;然后将处理后云母粉超声分散在乙醇水溶液中,在搅拌下滴加乙烯基硅氧烷,滴加完全后,超声分散20-40min,然后加热至60-70℃,搅拌反应12-24h,然后降至室温,抽滤,干燥,得插层改性云母粉。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种可降解高光防油纸,其特征在于:所述处理后云母粉、乙烯基硅氧烷的质量比为10:0.6-1.2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解高光防油纸的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将秸秆浆和木屑浆混合后进行打浆,疏解20000转,加入改性纳米纤维素、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和硅溶胶,搅拌均匀,抄制,加压,烘干,得原纸;
步骤二、将可降解防油层的原料混合均匀作为涂布液,将涂布液对原纸进行涂布处理,再经压光处理,得可降解高光防油纸。
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