CN115007149A - 一种一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂、水热合成方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂、水热合成方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
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- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].OOO Chemical compound [Fe].OOO CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OHVLMTFVQDZYHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-2-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)C(CN1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)=O OHVLMTFVQDZYHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZEVSDGEBAJOTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-2-[5-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)C(CC=1OC(=NN=1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)=O KZEVSDGEBAJOTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种一维α‑FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法,包括以下步骤:(1)制备得到纳米针状的一维α‑FeOOH,(2)将一维α‑FeOOH分散到无水乙醇中,搅拌后得到黄色悬浊液;滴加钛酸四丁酯,使Ti4+浓度为0.072‑0.240mol/L,得到混合悬浊液;随后先后加入氨水和去离子水,搅拌均匀得到前驱体溶液;(3)将前驱体溶液进行水热反应,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,洗涤并烘干,得到一维α‑FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。本发明方法制备工艺简单,所用钛源无挥发性、设备要求低,制得的一维α‑FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂在染料废水处理领域应用前景广泛。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合光催化材料领域,具体涉及一种一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂、水热合成方法及应用。
背景技术
一维纳米材料因其独特的物理和化学性能,在纳米反应器、药物载体、催化剂等方面备受关注。羟基氧化铁是一种含铁无机化合物,根据晶型的不同可划分为不同的同质异构体,其中,α-FeOOH为正交晶、斜方晶系结构,热力学性质稳定、自然界含量丰富、比表面积大、吸附性能良好。α-FeOOH的禁带宽度约为2.2eV,能够对可见光产生响应。但是,研究发现,羟基氧化铁光生电子/空穴寿命短,几乎没有光催化活性,另外,羟基氧化铁容易产生光腐蚀。目前,羟基氧化铁材料对有机污染物、抗生素、重金属离子的降解大多数是利用Fenton反应开展的。
光催化氧化技术可以有效地去除环境中难降解的有机污染物。该技术的核心在于催化剂的制备,传统单一材料的光催化剂存在光吸收范围窄,光生电子和空穴易复合的局限。将α-FeOOH与光催化材料复合可以制备得到性能优异的复合材料,拓宽光催化剂光谱响应范围。
公开号为CN101947450A的中国专利文献中公开了一种纳米二氧化钛包覆铁黄复合材料及其制备方法,该发明利用溶胶-凝胶法,TiCl4为钛源,制备得到的复合材料是以铁黄为载体,纳米二氧化钛包覆在载体表面。虽然该方法制备得到的复合材料形貌规整、对可见光有响应,但是制备过程复杂,且TiCl4有腐蚀性、易吸水。
公开号为CN104437495A的中国专利文献公开了一种分级α-Fe2O3/TiO2中空球双功能光催化剂,该光催化剂以特定方法制得的FeOOH为基底,钛酸丁酯、四氯化钛、硫酸氧钛或异丙醇钛为钛源,通过水热反应制备具有分级结构的α-Fe2O3/TiO2中空球双功能光催化剂,其中,α-Fe2O3/TiO2中空球表面的TiO2能有效减少分级中空球的团聚,但该发明中FeOOH粉体的制备方法复杂,且需要表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的作用。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法,制备工艺简单,所用钛源安全性好,设备要求低、过程易于控制,制得的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂在染料废水处理领域应用前景广泛。
具体采用的技术方案如下:
一种一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将Fe(NO3)3·9H2O溶于去离子水中,使Fe3+的浓度为0.5-1.5mol/L,边搅拌边滴加KOH溶液,得到红色悬浊液,在80-120℃下保温5-8h,随后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,洗涤并烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH;
(2)将一维α-FeOOH分散到无水乙醇中,搅拌后得到黄色悬浊液;滴加钛酸四丁酯,使Ti4+浓度为0.072-0.240mol/L,得到混合悬浊液;随后加入氨水,搅拌均匀后再加入去离子水,搅拌均匀得到前驱体溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)的前驱体溶液进行水热反应,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,洗涤并烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。
本发明以纳米针状的一维α-FeOOH与钛源钛酸四丁酯为主要原料,氨水作为矿化剂,通过水热反应制备一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂,TiO2与α-FeOOH由于二者能带结构的差异,形成的异质界面能够加速电子空穴的分离,提高光催化反应效率。表面效应、尺寸效应是纳米材料的基本特性,一维纳米结构相比于体相材料往往在光学、电学等方面会呈现出独特的性质,同时,一维α-FeOOH由于相对较小的径向尺寸、表面所占的体积百分数较大以及具有较高的结晶度可以为TiO2的复合提供高质量的活性位点。
本发明方法中制备得到的α-FeOOH的暴露晶面为(110)面,而通常情况下,TiO2在氨水体系中的生长以(100)面沿[001]方向生长,在生长的过程中逐渐形成(101)暴露面,α-FeOOH的(110)面(晶格间距为0.418nm)与TiO2(100)面(晶格间距为0.378nm)的晶格失配度约为9.6%,经计算,该失配度是α-FeOOH所有晶面中最小的,该晶面最适合生长TiO2,而α-FeOOH其他晶面,与TiO2晶格失配度较大,因此TiO2会倾向于在轴向结晶;径向面结合的TiO2,其晶格失配度高,晶面结合不牢固,且暴露晶面不一定是TiO2的高反应活性面。
优选的,步骤(1)中,KOH溶液的浓度为3-5mol/L。
优选的,步骤(1)中,一维α-FeOOH的长径比约为5-35:1,较大的长径比更有利于TiO2的负载,使α-FeOOH与TiO2的结合牢固。
优选的,步骤(2)中,一维α-FeOOH与无水乙醇的配比为0.15-0.2g:25mL;上述原料的比例可以保证足够的TiO2负载在一维α-FeOOH上,避免TiO2独自团聚生长的现象。
优选的,氨水与混合悬浊液的体积比为1:3-5.5;氨水与去离子水的体积比为1:0.5-2。在水热反应的过程中,氨水作为矿化剂会影响TiO2的成核生长,在相应的氨水加入量下可以减少TiO2团聚与独自生长的情况;去离子水的引入可以加速钛酸四丁酯的水解。
步骤(3)中,所述的水热反应条件为160-200℃,8-12h,水热反应的温度和时间是水热反应过程中的重要参数,控制水热反应在上述条件下更有利于TiO2的结晶,制备得到的α-FeOOH/TiO2样品结晶性好、纯度较高。
所述的洗涤方式为分别用去离子水和无水乙醇清洗。
本发明中,所涉及的钛酸四丁酯、氨水、无水乙醇等化学药品纯度均为分析纯。
本发明还提供了所述的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法合成的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。α-FeOOH与TiO2复合形成光催化剂,使得α-FeOOH表面包络一层TiO2,能够在一定程度上避免光腐蚀,也避免TiO2分散在溶剂中;另外,α-FeOOH与TiO2复合后能够在界面处形成异质结,能够减少光生载流子复合,提高光催化效率。
本发明还提供了所述的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂在染料废水处理领域的应用。该一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂能够于180min内在模拟太阳光照下将30mg/L的罗丹明B水溶液催化降解95%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明方法制备工艺简单,所用钛源无挥发性、价格低廉、环境友好,设备要求低、过程易于控制。
(2)本发明制得的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性,且在催化降解过程中不需要调节pH值以及引入H2O2等强氧化剂的作用,环境友好。
(3)Fe2O3和α-FeOOH的禁带宽度都在2.2eV左右,能带结构差异不大,α-FeOOH制备工艺相对于Fe2O3更为简单;同时,一维α-FeOOH由于相对较小的径向尺寸、表面所占的体积百分数较大以及较高的结晶度,会为TiO2的复合提供高质量的活性位点。
附图说明
图1为实施例3中一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的SEM图片;
图2为实施例6中一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的SEM图片;
图3为实施例3中一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的XRD图谱;
图4为实施例4中一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂在模拟太阳光下催化降解30mg/L的罗丹明B水溶液效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例,进一步阐明本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1α-FeOOH的制备
将0.01mol Fe(NO3)3·9H2O溶于10mL去离子水中,调节Fe3+的浓度为1mol/L,边搅拌边滴加10mL浓度为4mol/L的KOH溶液,得到红色悬浊液;将红色悬浊液转移至反应釜内胆中,再加入15mL去离子水填充反应釜内胆;将反应釜内胆装入反应釜,在100℃下水热反应6h,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,用去离子水与无水乙醇洗涤至中性,烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH;该一维α-FeOOH的长径比为5-35:1。
实施例2
(1)将实施例1制得的0.18g一维α-FeOOH分散到25mL无水乙醇中,搅拌使其完全分散,得到黄色悬浊液;向黄色悬浊液中滴加0.6mL钛酸四丁酯,使Ti4+浓度为0.072mol/L,得到混合悬浊液;随后加入5mL氨水,搅拌均匀后再加入5mL去离子水,搅拌均匀得到前驱体溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)的前驱体溶液在密闭条件下160℃保温8h,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤至中性,烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。
实施例3
(1)将实施例1制得的0.18g一维α-FeOOH分散到25mL无水乙醇中,搅拌使其完全分散,得到黄色悬浊液;向黄色悬浊液中滴加0.6mL钛酸四丁酯,使Ti4+浓度为0.072mol/L,得到混合悬浊液;随后加入5mL氨水,搅拌均匀后再加入5mL去离子水,搅拌均匀得到前驱体溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)的前驱体溶液在密闭条件下200℃保温12h,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤至中性,烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。
本实施例制得的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的SEM图如图1所示,可以看出,α-FeOOH具有一维结构,呈纳米针状,表面生长一层TiO2;XRD图谱如图3所示,该复合光催化剂所有的衍射峰分别与α-FeOOH(JCPDS:29-0713)和TiO2(JCPDS:21-1272)锐钛矿相的特征峰对应,且衍射峰明显、尖锐,说明制得的样品结晶性好、纯度高、无其他杂质。
实施例4
(1)将实施例1制得的0.18g一维α-FeOOH分散到25mL无水乙醇中,搅拌使其完全分散,得到黄色悬浊液;向黄色悬浊液中滴加1.0mL钛酸四丁酯,使Ti4+浓度为0.118mol/L,得到混合悬浊液;随后加入5mL氨水,搅拌均匀后再加入5mL去离子水,搅拌均匀得到前驱体溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)的前驱体溶液在密闭条件下200℃保温12h,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤至中性,烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。
在模拟太阳光照射下,对该一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂进行光催化降解实验,降解效果如图4所示,其中,一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂能够于180min内在模拟太阳光照下将30mg/L的罗丹明B水溶液催化降解95%。
实施例5
(1)将实施例1制得的0.18g一维α-FeOOH分散到25mL无水乙醇中,搅拌使其完全分散,得到黄色悬浊液;向黄色悬浊液中滴加2.0mL钛酸四丁酯,使Ti4+浓度为0.240mol/L,得到混合悬浊液;随后加入5mL氨水,搅拌均匀后再加入5mL去离子水,搅拌均匀得到前驱体溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)的前驱体溶液在密闭条件下160℃保温12h,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤至中性,烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。
实施例6
(1)将实施例1制得的0.18g一维α-FeOOH分散到25mL无水乙醇中,搅拌使其完全分散,得到黄色悬浊液;向黄色悬浊液中滴加2.0mL钛酸四丁酯,使Ti4+浓度为0.240mol/L,得到混合悬浊液;随后加入5mL氨水,搅拌均匀后再加入5mL去离子水,搅拌均匀得到前驱体溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)的前驱体溶液在密闭条件下200℃保温12h,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤至中性,烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。
本实施例制得的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的SEM图如图2所示,可以看出,α-FeOOH具有一维结构,呈纳米针状,表面生长一层TiO2。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述的仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将Fe(NO3)3·9H2O溶于去离子水中,使Fe3+的浓度为0.5-1.5mol/L,边搅拌边滴加KOH溶液,得到红色悬浊液,在80-120℃下保温5-8h,随后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,洗涤并烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH;
(2)将一维α-FeOOH分散到无水乙醇中,搅拌后得到黄色悬浊液;滴加钛酸四丁酯,使Ti4 +浓度为0.072-0.240mol/L,得到混合悬浊液;随后加入氨水,搅拌均匀后再加入去离子水,搅拌均匀得到前驱体溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)的前驱体溶液进行水热反应,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,取出反应产物,洗涤并烘干,得到一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法,其特征在于,一维α-FeOOH的长径比为5-35:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,一维α-FeOOH与无水乙醇的配比为0.15-0.2g:25mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法,其特征在于,氨水与混合悬浊液的体积比为1:3-5.5;氨水与去离子水的体积比为1:0.5-2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的水热反应条件为160-200℃,8-12h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法,其特征在于,所述的洗涤方式为分别用去离子水和无水乙醇清洗。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂的水热合成方法合成的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一维α-FeOOH/TiO2复合光催化剂在染料废水处理领域中的应用。
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