CN115006590B - 一种用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架 - Google Patents

一种用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架 Download PDF

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CN115006590B
CN115006590B CN202210636247.7A CN202210636247A CN115006590B CN 115006590 B CN115006590 B CN 115006590B CN 202210636247 A CN202210636247 A CN 202210636247A CN 115006590 B CN115006590 B CN 115006590B
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osteosarcoma
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bone repair
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CN115006590A (zh
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徐海星
柳家明
许沛虎
黄志军
李科比
徐静怡
文景
程婉婷
王思凝
林思慧
王一衡
李雅茹
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架,其制备方法包括以下步骤1)载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石的合成;2)静电纺丝液的制备;3)双载药同轴静电纺丝纤维膜的制备;4)骨修复支架的制备。本发明得到的双载药缓释骨修复支架可直接用于临床手术部位,先后次序地长效释放阿霉素和淫羊藿苷,可兼备抑癌作用和骨诱导作用,同时具有优异的生物相容性、力学性能和合适的降解速率,可为构建理想的骨肉瘤术后给药系统提供技术参考和理论依据,有望在未来的骨创伤修复中发挥关键作用。

Description

一种用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架。
背景技术
骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma,OS)是骨形成干细胞来源的原发恶性实体瘤,常发生于股骨远端和胫骨近端,容易转移到肺。目前临床中采用的治疗方式一般包括手术治疗、化疗、放射治疗及综合疗法。在手术治疗中,患肢截骨平面的无瘤边界一般至少需要5cm,以保证彻底切除骨肉瘤病灶,避免残余癌细胞可能引起的局部复发和远端转移。与此同时,手术会导致骨与软组织的大面积缺损。因此,为了缓解患者的身体活动受限程度,手术产生的缺陷需要进行必要的修复或重建。
随着新辅助化疗技术的发展及其在临床治疗中的普及应用,保肢综合治疗术已逐渐取代截肢术成为外科治疗OS的新标准。化学疗法和外科手术在OS治疗进程中的作用通常是相辅相成的,化学疗法的主要作用是彻底清除手术后的残余病灶,可显著提高病患生存率和保存患肢功能。但是总体而言,保肢综合治疗术基于成功去除患病组织,以更好的维持肢体功能,相对于截肢术可能存在更多的并发症。新辅助化疗是在外科手术前就利用化疗药物进行全身治疗以消除潜在转移灶,还可以根据术前化疗疗效的评估,通过更优化的手术及术后化疗方案,达到尽可能地提高患者的保肢率和降低复发率。该治疗理念被广泛应用于临床,形成了以新辅助化疗为技术支撑的保肢综合治疗方案,并一直沿用至今。
阿霉素(DOX)是临床治疗最常用的化疗药物,但由于药物缺乏特异性,取得疗效的同时,具有髓系细胞抑制性、肾毒性、肝毒性和心毒性等强烈的化疗毒副作用。高剂量化疗后经常出现的多药耐药(MDR)现象。此外,在化疗后1-2年内有近50%的骨肉瘤患者会发生复发性转移。
常见的骨组织功能重建方式有人工假体置换术、瘤段骨灭活再移植及自体骨或异体骨移植等。在临床实践中,良性骨肿瘤通常采用局部切除+原位植骨治疗,而恶性骨肿瘤通常采用手术+术后放疗和化疗治疗。在这些情况下,术后骨缺损的修复和残留肿瘤细胞引起的肿瘤复发仍是巨大的挑战。目前,修复肿瘤性骨缺损常用的方法有自体骨、同种异体骨、人工骨和骨水泥。自体骨作为骨组织移植的“金标准”,具有优异的骨传导性、骨诱导性以及丰富的成骨基质,能有效促进骨组织愈合,但自体骨来源有限、难以塑形,供骨区存在疼痛、出血、神经损伤、骨折等并发症。异体骨由于骨诱导活性较差、可能传播疾病和社会伦理争议等因素,在临床应用中也受到了较大的限制。并且自体骨和同种异体骨都没有抗肿瘤作用。骨水泥虽然能杀死肿瘤细胞,但没有生物活性。而人工骨填充是一种可靠、经济、多功能、安全的骨移植方法。因此,开发理想的人工移植替代物具有重要的临床价值。
羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite,HAP)是一种天然的磷灰石矿物,分子式为Ca5(PO4)3(OH),主要存在于脊椎动物的骨、牙齿等硬组织中。由于人工合成HA的超微结构与人体骨组织相似且具有很好的生物相容性,因此成为骨科和牙科植入物的理想材料。合成纳米级羟基磷灰石(nano-Hydroxyapatite,nHAP)具有较大的比表面积,其生物相容性和生物活性均优于医用钛、硅和碳等植入医用材料,具有良好的生物相容性、良好的抗压强度和耐腐蚀性,可应用于硬组织修复及骨填充,是一种理想的人工骨材料来源,广泛应用于人工骨和组织工程骨支架的制备。羟基磷灰石具有良好的生物可降解性、低免疫原性和pH依赖性降解等特点,非常适合用作药物载体。
静电纺丝纤维材料与细胞外基质(ECM)结构相似,具有多孔结构,易于制备、成本低,可以作为药物载体使用,在组织再生中得到了广泛的应用。核壳结构的载药纤维既能保证药物的负载量,又能保持药效的持久,并且载体的生物降解性可调控,因此具有核壳结构的载药纤维在生物医疗和药物缓释领域都有着极大的应用前景。同轴静电纺丝技术是对传统的芯/壳式喷嘴技术的改进,喷嘴包括两个单独的端口,分别连接到两个单独的注射泵,最重要的优点是通过将药物包埋在核心层,可以调节和抑制来自同轴光纤的药物的突发释放,并且芯/壳纤维比单结构或空心结构纤维具有更高的力学性能。然而,纺丝膜成品柔软无支撑性能,将其与纳米羟基磷灰石复合后化学交联成型,可制备力学性能合适且具有多孔结构及优越释药特性的骨修复支架。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架的制备方法,通过在阿霉素溶液中原位合成纳米羟基磷灰石,使其搭载药物从而具有缓释效果,通过同轴静电纺丝技术制备双载药纤维膜,通过核壳结构负载不同药物,并在纤维膜表面吸附纳米羟基磷灰石涂层后交联固化,以发挥抑制骨肉瘤细胞再生和促进骨细胞生长的双重作用,并具备良好的生物相容性和安全性,达到更好的骨肉瘤术后修复效果,弥补术后骨缺损和肿瘤再复发的不足。
一种用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石的合成
向20-50mg/ml的四水合硝酸钙溶液中滴加1-5mg/ml的阿霉素水溶液,混合均匀后加入0.5-2%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,用氨水调节溶液pH至8-12,再缓慢滴加50-150mg/ml的磷酸氢二铵溶液,60-90℃反应1-5h,静置陈化20-40h,离心,洗涤,冷冻干燥,即得载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石;
2)静电纺丝液的制备
用三氟乙酸溶解明胶得到浓度为10-30wt%的明胶纺丝液;用二氯甲烷溶解聚乳酸得到浓度为5-10wt%的聚乳酸纺丝液;
3)双载药同轴静电纺丝纤维膜的制备
将步骤1)中得到的载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石均匀分散于步骤2)中的明胶纺丝液中,作为同轴静电纺丝的壳层;将淫羊藿苷均匀分散于步骤2)中的聚乳酸纺丝液中,作为同轴静电纺丝的核心层,进行同轴静电纺丝,得到双载药同轴静电纺丝纤维膜;
4)骨修复支架的制备
将步骤1)制备的载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石溶于乙醇中,配制成50-70wt%的混悬液,将步骤3)制备的双载药同轴静电纺丝纤维膜剪裁成长条状,在混悬液中浸泡10-30min后取出,卷曲成圆柱,浸入化学交联剂中,交联固化后取出后用乙醇洗涤,烘干,即得用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架。
优选地,所述载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石在明胶纺丝液中的占比为0.1-1g/10ml。
优选地,所述淫羊藿苷在聚乳酸纺丝液中中的占比为0.05-0.2g/10ml。
优选地,步骤1)中所述的反应温度为75℃,反应时间为2h。
优选地,步骤1)中所述溶液的pH为10。
优选地,所述化学交联剂为EDC/NHS。
优选地,所述同轴静电纺丝的明胶和聚乳酸纺丝液推出速度分别为0.6mm/min和0.3mm/min,针头与接收装置之间电压为16KV,接收距离为10cm,环境温度为25℃,相对湿度为30%。
相对于现有效果,本发明的有益效果如下:
1.本发明提供的双载药骨修复支架具有静电纺丝核壳双层结构和纳米次级药物载体,并采用吸附方法制备nHAP涂层,有效增加了DOX的总负载量。纳米羟基磷灰石具有良好的生物活性和生物相容性,一方面能与骨形成牢固的化学结合,具有良好的骨诱导性;另一方面,纳米羟基磷灰石还对多种肿瘤细胞具有抑制作用,在肿瘤弱酸性环境中更容易降解,是抗肿瘤药物理想的载体材料,可以实现对药物的缓释、控释、提高疗效并能降低毒副作用。
2.纺丝材料选择明胶和聚乳酸基质,明胶具有良好的亲水性和生物相容性,聚乳酸降解后自然代谢,均不会对组织有所伤害。可在初期先释放阿霉素抑制肿瘤细胞,并利用羟基磷灰石加速钙沉积,之后释放内层药物淫羊藿苷,为骨细胞再生提供足够的物质支持,实现了两种药物的协同作用,大大促进骨组织损伤的修复。此外纺丝纤维膜具有类细胞外基质的的孔隙结构,有利于细胞在表面黏附和生长。
3.该载药系统具有以下特点:第一,采用组织工程纤维膜固化成型的载药支架可兼顾力学性能与药物缓释进行骨修复,通过纳米羟基磷灰石、化学药物阿霉素和中药化合物淫羊藿苷组合协同作用,比单载药、不分级的载药系统效果更好。第二,采用纳米羟基磷灰石包裹药物阿霉素,不仅控制了局部浓度过高引发的毒性问题,还能与淫羊藿苷不同时释放,从而达到梯度和时序释放的效果;第三,该体系的生物毒性小、安全性高,材料在体内降解后均不诱发炎症等反应。
附图说明
图1为载阿霉素纳米羟基磷灰石的扫描电镜图。
图2为载药同轴纺丝的透射电镜图。
图3为双载药骨修复支架的外观尺寸实物照片。
图4为对照组(DOX@明胶)/(ICA@PLA)支架组和(DOX@nHAP/明胶/(ICA@PLA)支架组中DOX和ICA两种药物的累计释放曲线。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
一种双载药静电纺丝纤维膜,其制备方法如下:
1)阿霉素@纳米羟基磷灰石的制备
配制30mg/ml的Ca(NO3)24H2O溶液100ml,加入圆底烧瓶中,升温至75℃,向其中滴加10ml浓度为2mg/ml的DOX溶液,搅拌30min后加入1wt%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,用氨水调节pH至10,再缓慢滴加100mg/ml的(NH4)2HPO4水溶液10ml,保温继续反应2h,静置陈化24h,高速离心洗涤后,冷冻干燥24h,即得阿霉素@纳米羟基磷灰石载药纳米颗粒。
从图1的扫描电镜图可以看出,步骤1)制备的阿霉素@纳米羟基磷灰石粒径在60-120nm之间,平均粒径在100nm左右。
2)纺丝液的制备
以三氟乙醇为溶剂,配制浓度为20wt%的明胶纺丝液10ml,搅拌8h后加入1)中制得的纳米颗粒0.2g,继续搅拌12h至均匀。
以二氯甲烷为溶剂,配制浓度8wt%的聚乳酸(分子量10w)纺丝液10ml,向其中加入淫羊藿苷ICA化合物粉末100mg,均匀搅拌8h。
3)双载药同轴电纺纤维膜的制备
分别将两种纺丝液置于5mL一次性注射器中,以明胶纺丝液作为壳层,聚乳酸纺丝液为核心层,调节好同轴静电纺丝实验装置,分别设置明胶和聚乳酸纺丝液以0.6mm/min和0.3mm/min的速度推出,针头与接收装置之间电压为16kV,接收距离为10cm,环境温度为25℃,相对湿度为30%,进行静电纺丝,即得双载药同轴电纺纤维膜(图2)。
4)双载药骨修复支架的制备
在乙醇中加入65%的阿霉素@纳米羟基磷灰石,搅拌成混悬液。将纤维膜剪裁成长条状,浸泡20min后取出,卷曲成圆柱,浸入EDC/NHS(4:1)化学交联剂的乙醇溶液中10min,取出后用乙醇洗涤,50℃烘箱中烘干即得双载药骨修复支架(图3)。
实施例2
一种双载药静电纺丝纤维膜,其制备方法如下:
1)阿霉素@纳米羟基磷灰石的制备
配制50mmol/L的Ca(NO3)2·4H2O溶液100ml,加入圆底烧瓶中,升温至90℃,向其中滴加10ml浓度为3mg/ml的DOX溶液,搅拌30min后加入0.8wt%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,用氨水调节pH至9,再缓慢滴加120mg/ml的(NH4)2HPO4水溶液10ml,保温继续反应3h,静置陈化36h,高速离心洗涤后,冷冻干燥36h,即得阿霉素@纳米羟基磷灰石载药纳米颗粒。
2)纺丝液的制备
以三氟乙醇为溶剂,配制浓度为30wt%的明胶纺丝液10ml,搅拌8h后加入1)中制得的纳米颗粒0.5g,继续搅拌12h至均匀。
以二氯甲烷为溶剂,配制浓度5wt%的聚乳酸(分子量10w)纺丝液10ml,向其中加入淫羊藿苷ICA化合物粉末200mg,均匀搅拌8h。
3)双载药同轴结构纤维膜的制备
分别将两种纺丝液置于5mL一次性注射器中,以明胶纺丝液作为壳层,聚乳酸纺丝液为核心层,调节好同轴静电纺丝实验装置,分别设置明胶和聚乳酸纺丝液以0.6mm/min和0.3mm/min的速度推出,针头与接收装置之间电压为16KV,接收距离为10cm,环境温度为25℃,相对湿度为30%,进行静电纺丝,即得双载药同轴结构纤维膜。
4)双载药骨修复支架的制备
在乙醇中加入50%的纳米羟基磷灰石,搅拌均匀成混悬液。将纤维膜剪裁成长条状,浸泡20min后取出,卷曲成圆柱,浸入EDC/NHS化学交联剂的乙醇溶液中10min,取出后用乙醇洗涤,50℃烘箱中烘干即得双载药骨修复支架。
试验例
1)载药支架的释放度测试
按照步骤3)中的静电纺丝方法分别制备出(nHAP@明胶)/(ICA@聚乳酸)、(DOX@nHAP)明胶/(ICA@)聚乳酸两组载药纤维膜,制备双载药支架,同时进行载药和释药测试。将相同形状大小的纤维膜分别浸入PBS中,将EP管放在37℃恒温摇床中,以100pm的速度运行,在每隔1d抽取1mL的释放介质,并用1mL新鲜PBS溶液补偿试管,用HPLC液相色谱进行浓度分析,得到30天内的药物累计释放率,结果如图4所示。结果表明:在5组载药纤维膜中,(nHAP@明胶)/聚乳酸纤维膜由于纳米羟基磷灰石的包裹作用,阿霉素在前期释放慢,释放速率适合在骨肉瘤术后修复中持续抑制肿瘤细胞增殖。而淫羊藿苷(ICA)在聚乳酸纤维中的释放速度会因为同轴结构的包裹而减慢,达到缓慢控制释放的效果。
2)载药纤维膜的细胞实验
将小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1细胞和MG-63细胞接种于96孔板(5×103/孔,100μL)中过夜贴壁。随后,将旧的细胞培养基更换为不同浓度的渗滤液。以生长培养基中未处理的细胞作为空白对照。孵育24h后,用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定细胞存活率。
按照步骤3)中的静电纺丝方法分别制备出(nHAP@明胶)/(ICA@聚乳酸)、(DOX@nHAP)明胶/(ICA@)聚乳酸两组载药纤维膜制备的骨修复支架,同时进行细胞培养。两组样品各两份,分别与成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)和人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63共培养,分别在24h、48h、72h时间点取细胞样品进行MTT检测细胞活力。结果表明:(DOX@nHAP)/明胶/(ICA@PLA)对MC3T3-E1细胞生长的促进作用强,并且对MG63细胞有一定的抑制作用。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架,其特征在于制备方法如下:
1)载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石的合成
向20-50mg/ml的四水合硝酸钙溶液中滴加1-5mg/ml的阿霉素水溶液,混合均匀后加入0.5-2%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,用氨水调节溶液pH至8-12,再缓慢滴加50-150mg/ml的磷酸氢二铵溶液,60-90℃反应1-5h,静置陈化20-40h,离心,洗涤,冷冻干燥,即得载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石;
2)静电纺丝液的制备
用三氟乙酸溶解明胶得到浓度为10-30wt%的明胶纺丝液;用二氯甲烷溶解聚乳酸得到浓度为5-10wt%的聚乳酸纺丝液;
3)双载药同轴静电纺丝纤维膜的制备
将步骤1)中得到的载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石均匀分散于步骤2)中的明胶纺丝液中,作为同轴静电纺丝的壳层;将淫羊藿苷均匀分散于步骤2)中的聚乳酸纺丝液中,作为同轴静电纺丝的核心层,进行同轴静电纺丝,得到双载药同轴静电纺丝纤维膜;
4)骨修复支架的制备
将步骤1)制备的载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石溶于乙醇中,配制成50-70wt%的混悬液,将步骤3)制备的双载药同轴静电纺丝纤维膜剪裁成长条状,在混悬液中浸泡10-30min后取出,卷曲成圆柱,浸入化学交联剂中,交联固化后取出后用乙醇洗涤,烘干,即得用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架,其特征在于:所述载阿霉素的纳米羟基磷灰石在明胶纺丝液中的占比为0.1-1g/10ml。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架,其特征在于:所述淫羊藿苷在聚乳酸纺丝液中中的占比为0.05-0.2g/10ml。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述的反应温度为75℃,反应时间为2h。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述溶液的pH为10。
6.如权利要求1所述的用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架,其特征在于:所述化学交联剂为EDC/NHS。
7.如权利要求1所述的用于骨肉瘤术后重建的双载药缓释骨修复支架,其特征在于:所述同轴静电纺丝的明胶和聚乳酸纺丝液推出速度分别为0.6mm/min和0.3mm/min,针头与接收装置之间电压为16KV,接收距离为10cm,环境温度为25℃,相对湿度为30%。
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