CN115006459B - 一种具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的天然刺梨籽油 - Google Patents
一种具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的天然刺梨籽油 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115006459B CN115006459B CN202210774584.2A CN202210774584A CN115006459B CN 115006459 B CN115006459 B CN 115006459B CN 202210774584 A CN202210774584 A CN 202210774584A CN 115006459 B CN115006459 B CN 115006459B
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- rosa roxburghii
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- cholesterol
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Abstract
本发明属于天然药物技术领域,具体涉及一种具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的天然刺梨籽油。为利用功能性油脂调节胆固醇代谢,同时对刺梨籽进行整合并加以有效利用,使其变废为宝,提高刺梨的综合利用率,本发明利用石油醚将刺梨籽制备成刺梨籽油,经研究发现,制备的天然刺梨籽油富含多种功能性成分,比如不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、黄酮和多酚等,具有降低血糖、血清中总胆固醇及非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、维持高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与总胆固醇的比值的功效。同时,刺梨籽油对高胆固醇血症有显著的改善效果,为饮食干预高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病的防治提供重要的科学依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然药物技术领域,具体涉及一种具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的天然刺梨籽油。
背景技术
心血管疾病是世界范围内威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一,其死亡率高居首位,高于肿瘤及其他疾病,导致心血管疾病的重要危险因素之一是高血糖高胆固醇血症。高血糖高血脂是现代人出现频率最高的疾病之一,很多糖尿病人都伴有高脂血症,因此人们通常把糖尿病与高脂血症称为姐妹病,并认为高血脂是糖尿病的继发症。
目前,目前临床用于降血糖的药物主要有促胰岛素分泌剂、α-糖苷酶抑制剂,胰岛素增敏剂、胰岛素及其类似药物。治疗高胆固醇血症的药物主要有消胆胺、他汀类以及依泽替米贝等,但人体长期服用上述药物会产生严重的副作用。降血糖降胆固醇的天然功能性油脂因富含大量的活性成分(如多不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、黄酮等),可发挥与药物类似的功效,且没有任何的副作用,有着更健康、更安全的特点,开始逐渐受到人们的关注,并成为治疗降血糖高胆固醇血症药物的潜在替代品,因此利用功能性油脂调节胆固醇代谢是食品营养学领域的研究热点之一。
刺梨(Rosa roxburghiiTratt.),又名缫丝花,刺石榴等,系蔷薇科多年生落叶灌木植物,是一种原产于云贵川的特色植物,主要分布于我国西南地区。刺梨被誉为“长寿防癌”的绿色珍果,其含有的有益化学成分很多,如抗坏血酸和有机酸、超氧化物歧化酶、黄酮类化合物、刺梨多糖等,其中维生素C含量达27040mg/kg,在水果界中有着“维生素C之王”的称号。刺梨的营养价值和药用价值极高,具有抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗癌等生物活性。
刺梨籽是刺梨的果实籽粒,刺梨的果实、根以及籽粒均可入药,具有滋补、止泻、健胃消食等功效。目前主要是对刺梨的果肉进行加工,而刺梨籽往往作为一种废弃物而被遗弃掉,不仅会浪费资源,也会对环境造成一定污染,如果能对这些资源进行整合并加以有效利用,使其变废为宝,将大大提高对刺梨的综合利用率,并获得可观的经济效益。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的天然刺梨籽油,为心血管疾病的防治提供了新的思路。
为实现上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
本发明提供了刺梨籽油在制备防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品中的应用,所述刺梨籽油的制备方法为:利用石油醚对刺梨籽粉浸提24-36小时,收集提取液后浓缩即得。
优选地,所述心血管疾病包括但不限于高胆固醇血症和高血糖症。
优选地,本发明对所述产品的类型没有任何限制,所述产品包括但不限于药物、功能性食品和保健品。
优选地,所述刺梨籽粉与石油醚的料液比为1g:10-20mL,所述石油醚的沸程为30-60℃。更优选地,所述刺梨籽粉与石油醚的料液比为1g:10mL。
优选地,利用石油醚至少对刺梨籽粉浸提两次。
优选地,所述刺梨籽粉的粒径为40-60目。更优选地,所述刺梨籽粉的粒径为40目。
优选地,所述浓缩采用旋转蒸发仪进行,浓缩的水温为45-55℃,转速130-200r/min。
本发明还提供了一种用于防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品,所述产品以刺梨籽油作为主要活性成分。
本发明还提供了一种用于防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品,所述产品以刺梨籽油和地榆提取物的联合作为主要活性成分。
刺梨籽油与地榆提取物联用具有协同降血糖和降血胆固醇的效果,为心血管疾病的防治提供了新的思路。
优选地,所述刺梨籽油和地榆提取物的质量比为1:1。
优选地,所述产品包括但不限于药物、保健品和功能性食品。
当所述产品为药物或保健品时,为提高产品的适用范围,还包括药学上可接受的载体和/或辅料,如酸味剂、调色剂、香味剂、甜味剂,或其组合。且所述产品的剂型包括但不限于口服液、冲剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、膏剂和注射剂。
当所述产品为功能性食品时,为提高功能性食品的适用范围,还包括食品上可接受的载体和/或辅料,如稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、甜味剂、香味剂,或其组合。且所述功能性食品的形式包括但不限于汤剂、饮料、糖果、口服液、胶囊剂、片剂和粉剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明利用石油醚将刺梨籽制备成刺梨籽油,经研究发现,制备的天然刺梨籽油富含多种功能性成分,比如不饱和脂肪酸、植物甾醇、黄酮和多酚等,具有降低血糖、血清中总胆固醇及非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、维持高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与总胆固醇的比值的功效。同时,刺梨籽油对高胆固醇血症有显著的改善效果,为饮食干预高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病的防治提供重要的科学依据。此外,刺梨籽是在刺梨加工中的废弃物,本发明将其进行回收利用,并首次利用刺梨籽油治疗高胆固醇血症。与降血脂药物消胆胺相比,刺梨籽油不仅可以降低血胆固醇水平,改善血清胆固醇组成,而且可以降低血糖值。
附图说明
图1为各试验组血糖的变化情况(A:第0周血糖值;B:第3周血糖值);
图中,NCD-无胆固醇饮食对照组;HCD-高胆固醇饮食对照组;PCD-消胆胺阳性对照组;LCO-低剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;HCO-高剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;a,b,c表示显著性(p<0.05)。
图2为各试验组血清TC水平的变化情况(A:第0周血清中TC含量;B:第3周血清中TC含量);
图中,NCD-无胆固醇饮食对照组;HCD-高胆固醇饮食对照组;PCD-消胆胺阳性对照组;LCO-低剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;HCO-高剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;a,b,c表示显著性(p<0.05)。
图3为各试验组血清HDL-C水平的变化情况(A:第0周血清中HDL-C含量;B:第3周血清中HDL-C含量);
图中,NCD-无胆固醇饮食对照组;HCD-高胆固醇饮食对照组;PCD-消胆胺阳性对照组;LCO-低剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;HCO-高剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;a,b,c表示显著性(p<0.05)。
图4为各试验组血清Non-HDL-C水平的变化情况(A:第0周血清中Non-HDL-C含量;B:第3周血清中Non-HDL-C含量)。
图中,NCD-无胆固醇饮食对照组;HCD-高胆固醇饮食对照组;PCD-消胆胺阳性对照组;LCO-低剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;HCO-高剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;a,b,c表示显著性(p<0.05)。
图5为各试验组血清HDL-C/TC水平的变化情况(A:第0周血清中HDL-C/TC比值;B:第3周血清中HDL-C/TC比值)。
图中,NCD-无胆固醇饮食对照组;HCD-高胆固醇饮食对照组;PCD-消胆胺阳性对照组;LCO-低剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;HCO-高剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇饮食实验组;a,b,c表示显著性(p<0.05)。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是,对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均为可通过常规的商业途径购买得到。
实施例1刺梨籽油的制备
(1)将新鲜的刺梨剥皮,去果肉取其籽,洗净晒干后,用研磨机将刺梨籽研磨成粉,过40目筛得刺梨籽粉;
(2)称取1kg刺梨籽粉于容器中,加入沸程为30-60℃的石油醚10L,浸泡24后过滤得第一次滤液;于残留物中再加入10L石油醚,浸泡24小时后过滤得第二次滤液;合并两次石油醚提取液,经真空旋转蒸发仪蒸发浓缩,蒸发浓缩的水温为50℃,转速为130r/min,最终得刺梨籽油。
实验例1刺梨籽油的化学组成分析
(1)植物甾醇分析
通过气相色谱对刺梨籽油进行分析,结果如表1所示,刺梨籽油中主要含有6种植物甾醇,其中β-谷甾醇含量6101mg/kg、羊毛甾醇974mg/kg、菜油甾醇952mg/kg、柱头固醇205mg/kg、豆甾醇58.6mg/kg、麦角淄醇21.8mg/kg。刺梨籽油中的β-谷甾醇含量比小麦胚芽油、大豆油和大蒜油中都要高。
表1刺梨籽油中植物甾醇的组成及相对含量
(2)脂肪酸分析
通过气相色谱对刺梨籽油进行分析,结果如表2所示,刺梨籽油中的脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主,占比为71.34%,其中油酸34.79%、亚油酸22.13%、花生烯酸7.93%和亚麻酸5.90%。
表2刺梨籽油中脂肪酸组成及相对含量
(3)总黄酮分析
通过分光光度法测得刺梨籽油中总多酚含量为101.5mg/kg。市售茶籽油的总酚含量为19.71~36.85mg/kg;橄榄油的总酚含量为21.26~26.04mg/kg,通过与市售茶籽油和橄榄油等常见食用油的多酚含量进行比较,可见刺梨籽油的总酚含量是更为丰富的。
实验例2刺梨籽油降低高胆固醇血症仓鼠血糖和血清中总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇实验
(1)动物实验设计:将40只叙利亚金黄地鼠(雄性,6-8周龄,100-120g)随机分为5组(n=8),即无胆固醇日粮组(NCD)、高胆固醇日粮组(HCD)、阳性对照组(PCD)、低剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇日粮组(LCO)和高剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇日粮组(HCO),分别饲喂对应的半合成日粮。
(2)鼠粮的制备:如表3所示,无胆固醇日粮组(NCD)由玉米淀粉、酪蛋白、蔗糖、猪油、矿物质、维生素、明胶、DL-蛋氨酸混合而成;高胆固醇日粮组(HCD):NCD组添加0.15%胆固醇;阳性对照组(PCD);HCD添加0.5%消胆胺;低剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇日粮组(LCO):在HCD的基础上,用刺梨籽油替代50%猪油;高剂量刺梨籽油高胆固醇日粮组(HCO):在HCD的基础上,用刺梨籽油替代100%猪油。
(3)测定方法:两只为一笼,置于动物房中,光/暗周期为12/12小时,温度保持在23℃。实验周期为3周,自由饮水和摄食。第0、3周禁食过夜后,在异氟醚轻度吸入麻醉下从眼眶后窦采血,用于血清胆固醇含量和血糖的测定。
表3配粮表
(4)实验结果
1)刺梨籽油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血糖的影响
由图1可知,第0周时,五组血糖值均处于相似水平(p>0.05)。饲喂3周后,与HCD组相比,LCO、HCO和NCD组的血糖值均呈显著性降低(P<0.05),而PCD组的血糖值在五组中位居首位(p<0.05),表明补充刺梨籽油能将血糖值维持在正常水平中,而服用消胆胺有提升血糖的副作用。
2)刺梨籽油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)水平的影响
由图2可知,第0周,五组金黄地鼠TC水平均无显著差异(p>0.05)。饲喂3周后,LCO、HCO组与HCD组相比血清中TC水平显著降低了5.92%、27.95%(p<0.05),表明刺梨籽油呈剂量依赖性地降低高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血清总胆固醇的水平。
3)刺梨籽油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平的影响
由图4可知,第0周时,五组HDL-C水平均无显著性差异(p>0.05)。饲喂3周后,LCO组和HCO组的HDL-C水平较HCD组小幅度升高但无显著性(p>0.05),表明添加刺梨籽油能维持血清中“好胆固醇”—HDL-C的含量。
4)刺梨籽油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血清中非高密度脂蛋白(Non-HDL-C)水平的影响
图4表明,第0周时,各组血清中Non-HDL-C水平均无显著差异(p>0.05)。饲喂3周后,与HCD组相比,NCD组、PCD组、LCO和HCO组对血清中Non-HDL-C水平均有不同程度的降低;其中,降低程度最大为HCO组(降低Non-HDL-C水平为53.44%),比PCD组(降低Non-HDL-C水平为49.94%)效果更显著。
5)刺梨籽油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血清中HDL-C/TC的影响
HDL-C/TC的比值与心血管疾病的发生呈负相关。图5表明,第0周时,各组的血清中HDL-C/TC比值均无显著差异(p>0.05)。饲喂3周后,LCO、HCO组与HCD组相比显著提高血清中HDL-C/TC比值(p<0.05),其中HCO组的HDL-C/TC的比值(0.64)比PCD组HDL-C/TC的比值(0.62)相近,表明高剂量刺梨籽油能与消胆胺的药效比肩,在一定程度上能预防心血管疾病的发生与发展。
实施例3的实验结果表明,在经过三周的刺梨籽油饮食干预后,LCO组、HCO组与HCD组相比,血清总胆固醇含量降低,有益胆固醇(即高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)含量升高,有害胆固醇(即非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)含量降低,且都根据刺梨籽油的添加量而呈现有趋势的上升或下降,表明刺梨籽油的添加降低了血清中总胆固醇含量,并提高了有益胆固醇的占比,这对机体健康是有益的。
实验例3刺梨籽油和地榆提取物的联合降血糖和降血胆固醇效果
实验方法同实验例2,不同之处在于:将鼠粮(HCO)中的刺梨籽油替换为刺梨籽油与地榆提取物(将地榆药材粉碎,过40目筛制成地榆细粉,按照1:10的料液比(g/mL)往地榆细粉中加入去离子水,80℃下浸提1小时,重复提取2次,合并提取液,经蒸发浓缩后即得)的组合物,其中,刺梨籽油与地榆提取物的用量比(质量比)为1:1,并以单独的刺梨籽油鼠粮(HCO)为对照。
实验结果发现,刺梨籽油与地榆提取物联合使用,降血清胆固醇(TC)效果提升了12.5%,而降血糖效果提升了高达19.3%。说明刺梨籽油与地榆提取物联用具有协同降血糖和降血胆固醇的效果。而且,地榆作为一种天然中药材,其药理活性成分主要包括鞣质和酚酸类、皂苷及其苷元类、黄酮类、甾体及其苷类等,在机体内无副作用。可见,刺梨籽油与地榆提取物联合为心血管疾病的防治提供了新的思路。
以上对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下,对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于防治和/或治疗高血糖和高血胆固醇疾病的药物,其特征在于,所述药物以刺梨籽油和地榆提取物的联合作为活性成分,所述活性成分由质量比为1:1的刺梨籽油和地榆提取物组成;所述刺梨籽油的制备方法为:利用石油醚对刺梨籽粉浸提24-36小时,收集提取液后浓缩即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治和/或治疗高血糖和高血胆固醇疾病的药物,其特征在于,所述刺梨籽粉与石油醚的料液比为1g:10-20mL,所述石油醚的沸程为30-60℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治和/或治疗高血糖和高血胆固醇疾病的药物,其特征在于,利用石油醚至少对刺梨籽粉浸提两次。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治和/或治疗高血糖和高血胆固醇疾病的药物,其特征在于,所述刺梨籽粉的粒径为40-60目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防治和/或治疗高血糖和高血胆固醇疾病的药物,其特征在于,所述浓缩采用旋转蒸发仪进行,浓缩的水温为45-55℃,转速130-200r/min。
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