CN115003342A - 用于气味剂组合物的蒸发阻滞膜 - Google Patents
用于气味剂组合物的蒸发阻滞膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115003342A CN115003342A CN202180009670.8A CN202180009670A CN115003342A CN 115003342 A CN115003342 A CN 115003342A CN 202180009670 A CN202180009670 A CN 202180009670A CN 115003342 A CN115003342 A CN 115003342A
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- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
- A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
- A45D34/02—Scent flasks, e.g. with evaporator
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- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
- A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
- A61L9/042—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating with the help of a macromolecular compound as a carrier or diluent
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于气味剂组合物的蒸发阻滞膜,其包含气味剂可透的片状载体,和布置在片状载体的一个表面上的至少一个聚合物涂层,其中所述片状载体为芳香剂可透的并且其中在所述片状载体的至少一个表面上,至少一个聚合物涂层仅布置在所述片状载体的表面的一部分上,以致所有聚合物涂层对所述表面的总覆盖率为10至90%,并且所述表面的每1/4平方厘米在至少10%的程度上被聚合物涂层覆盖。本发明还涉及一种用于气味剂组合物的受控释放的装置,其包含用于接收气味剂组合物的容器,其中所述容器具有被蒸发阻滞膜覆盖的开口,以及这种装置用于气味剂组合物的受控释放的用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于气味剂组合物(odorant compositions)的蒸发阻滞膜(evaporation retardant membrane),其包含气味剂可透的片状载体,和布置在片状载体的一个表面上的至少一个聚合物涂层。本发明还涉及一种用于气味剂组合物的受控释放的装置(device),其包含用于接收气味剂组合物的容器,其中所述容器具有被蒸发阻滞膜覆盖的开口,以及这种装置用于气味剂组合物的受控释放的用途。
挥发性物质(如气味剂和其它芳香产品)的受控时间释放(controlled timerelease)带来许多包装问题。通常,用于挥发性物质的受控时间释放的装置包含用于接收挥发性物质(如气味剂组合物)的容器,和用于将挥发性物质受控释放到环境(如环境空气)中的设施(means)。
与挥发性气味剂物质的受控时间释放相关的一个特定问题在于,气味剂组合物的挥发性较高的组分比该组合物的挥发性较低的组分蒸发得更快。这将导致气味剂组成的急剧变化,并导致空气清新器产品在其使用过程中的明显嗅觉特征变化。尤其是柑橘、水果和其它清新香料类型发生从产品使用开始时的清新、柑橘类气味到典型中调和后调(heartand base notes)的更醇厚气味,如木质、麝香和一些浓重花香气味的巨大变化。由于其较高的挥发性,气味剂组合物的前调发生更快的蒸发。在常规清新剂的使用过程中,前调比蒸发较慢的中调和后调更快地耗尽。这种效果是不理想的,因为消费者期望产品在产品的整个寿命期间保持其嗅觉特征。
用于挥发性物质的受控时间释放的装置的一个非常简单的实施方案是常规的房间“空气清新器(air fresheners)”。在这些装置中,气味剂组合物包含在玻璃瓶子或小瓶(glass bottle or vial)中。气味剂通过经吸收芯或木棒传送而释放到大气中。瓶子通常在使用前加盖。在使用过程中,瓶子或小瓶通常没有完全封闭,因此气味剂可能以不受控的方式释放。除此之外,这些装置没有解决不同蒸发速率的问题。
用于受控时间释放的其它商业装置包含用膜封闭的装有挥发性物质的容器,挥发性物质穿过膜扩散并由此释放到环境空气中。通常,该膜是由合成聚合物制成的箔,如聚丙烯PP或聚乙烯PE、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA、乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET。该箔可以是单片的或微孔的。遗憾地,典型气味剂组合物的不同挥发性化合物的扩散速率不仅取决于组合物中的挥发性化合物的不同蒸气压,还取决于形成膜的聚合物的化学性质,特别是其极性和其玻璃化转变温度,并取决于挥发性化合物的不同极性。因此,容器中的气味剂的总体组成将在使用过程中变化,以致产品的嗅觉特征明显改变。
还已知通过将气味剂物质包含在凝胶配制剂中来控制气味剂的释放。但是,凝胶必须适合于气味剂化合物以实现受控释放,并且难以且并非总是可能提供适用于实现所需控制的凝胶。
US 2001/000235描述了一种用于挥发性物质如气味剂和其它芳香化学品的可透膜。该膜是多层结构的一部分,该多层结构包含构成膜的至少两个不同的可透层,和离型层,其是不可透的并可从可透层上除去。在除去离型层后,膜层暴露于环境空气,气味剂穿过膜层扩散并释放到环境空气中。该多层通过不同的可透层和离型层的多步铸造挤出制成,这是相当繁琐的。此外,这些膜通常需要多于两个膜层以实现气味剂组合物的不同组分的均匀释放。
JPH 08164193描述了一种香味分配器,其包含用于接收香水的杯形容器体,其被粘附于容器的凸缘部分的可透膜封闭。可透膜由无纺布、纸或合成纸形成并被盖子覆盖,可将盖子剥离以开始释放香水。尽管该膜减缓了香水的释放,但其没有实现均匀释放。
WO 2008/104226描述了一种用于高挥发性芳香物质HVA和低挥发性芳香物质LVA的组合的受控释放的香味分配器。在该分配器中,HVA和LVA吸附在空间上彼此分离的不同固体载体中。通过蒸发阻滞屏障控制HVA的释放速率,而LVA的释放不受控制。这种装置的构造复杂,并且必须分开配制不同的芳香组分。
KR 20150059545描述了一种用于受控释放香精的香精分配器,其包含香精接收单元,该单元载有香精并连接到第二吸收单元,从此处将香精释放到环境中,其中流出控制单元(如微通道)位于香精接收单元和所述吸收单元之间以控制从香精接收单元到所述吸收单元的香精释放并由此避免不受控地释放到环境中。该分配器的设计复杂,因此其生产相当昂贵。
US 2017/000102公开了一种用于液体挥发性物质的分配器,其包含容纳液体挥发性物质的储器、安置在储器上方的微孔膜,所述膜附着于储器的外周部分并在膜的外表面上具有阻隔涂层,而膜的内表面接触液体挥发性物质。该分配器还具有通过胶粘剂层粘附到微孔膜的外表面上的可移除覆盖层,以将微孔蒸气可透膜和液体挥发性物质基本密封在覆盖层下方。该微孔膜包含聚合物基质、遍布聚合物基质连通的孔隙的互连网络和细碎的、基本水不溶性的填料。这样的微孔膜难以生产,因此昂贵。
仍然需要更长时间提供宜人的天然香气而没有气味强度和/或气味特性的显著变化的气味剂释放装置,特别是用于含有至少两种不同的气味剂化合物的气味剂组合物,其中不同的气味剂化合物具有不同的极性和/或不同的蒸气压。此外,该装置应该不需要复杂的设计,易于制造并且没有昂贵的组件。
令人惊讶地发现,用聚合物涂层对挥发物可透的材料进行部分涂布能够实现香精(aromas)、芳香剂(fragrances)或其它类似气味剂的有针对性的或定制的渗透。尽管聚合物涂层对大多数挥发性化合物形成阻滞屏障,但仅部分涂布可透材料的事实使得容易调节气味剂组合物的不同挥发性化合物的不同扩散速率。特别地,有可能通过表面覆盖程度、通过涂层厚度、通过聚合物涂层的聚合物的极性、通过聚合物涂层的聚合物的玻璃化转变温度和通过这些手段的组合调节气味剂组分的相对释放速率。特别地,有可能通过在载体表面上组合至少两个不同的聚合物涂层而根据气味剂组分的相对释放速率定制本发明的蒸发阻滞膜。
因此,本发明的第一个方面涉及包含片状载体和布置在片状载体的至少一个表面上的至少一个聚合物涂层的片材作为气味剂组合物的蒸发阻滞膜的用途,其中所述片状载体为气味剂可透的并且其中在所述载体的至少一个表面上,至少一个聚合物涂层仅布置在所述片状载体的表面的一部分上,以致所有聚合物涂层对所述表面的总覆盖率为10至90%,特别是20至80%,并且所述表面的每1/4平方厘米在至少10%,特别是至少20%的程度上被聚合物涂层覆盖。
本发明的第二个方面涉及一种用于气味剂组合物的受控释放的装置,其包含用于接收气味剂组合物的容器,其中所述容器具有被膜覆盖的开口,所述膜是本文定义的蒸发阻滞膜。
本发明与几个优点相关联。与其中通过全表面聚合物层(如单片片材或微孔片材)实现蒸发阻滞的常规膜相比,本发明的蒸发阻滞膜能够更均匀释放气味剂的组分。此外,本发明的蒸发阻滞膜可容易地通过简单印刷技术生产。更重要地,可容易地根据气味剂组合物中通常包含的不同挥发性化合物的不同扩散速率调整本发明的蒸发阻滞膜。特别地,可容易地根据不同气味剂组分的相对释放速率定制本发明的蒸发阻滞膜,例如通过表面覆盖程度、通过涂层厚度、通过聚合物涂层的聚合物的极性、通过聚合物涂层的聚合物的玻璃化转变温度和通过这些措施的组合。
在此处和在下文中,术语“聚合物涂层”是指包含至少一种有机聚合物作为主要成分的涂层,即涂层中的任何有机聚合物的总量为基于聚合物涂层的总质量计至少50重量%,即50至100重量%。
在此处和在下文中,X%覆盖率是指各自的表面积被覆盖到基于所述表面积计X%的程度。
在此处和在说明书通篇,关于化合物或分子结构部分(molecular moieties)所用的前缀Cn-Cm各自是指分子结构部分或化合物可具有的可能碳原子数的范围。术语“C1-Cn烷基”命名一组具有1至n个碳原子的线性或支化链饱和烃基。例如,术语C1-C20烷基命名一组具有1至20个碳原子的线性或支化链饱和烃基,而术语C1-C10烷基和C1-C4烷基分别命名一组具有1至10个碳原子或1至4个碳原子的线性或支化链饱和烃基。烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、2-丁基、2-甲基丙基(异丙基)、1,1-二甲基乙基(叔丁基)、戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、己基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基和它们的异构体。C1-C4-烷基的实例是例如甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基或1,1-二甲基乙基。
在此处和在说明书通篇,术语“(甲基)丙烯酰”包括丙烯酰和甲基丙烯酰基团。因此,术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”包括丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯,且术语“(甲基)丙烯酰胺”包括丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酰胺。
根据本发明,聚合物涂层可布置在片状载体的一个或两个表面上,特别是在片状载体的一个表面上。该涂层仅覆盖其所处的所述表面的一部分,以致存在于所述表面上的所有聚合物涂层对该表面的总覆盖率为形成蒸发阻滞膜的表面的总面积的10至90%,特别是20至80%。因此,所述表面的总面积的10至90%,特别是20至80%没有被任何聚合物涂层覆盖。如果片状载体的两个表面都被聚合物涂层覆盖,则仅一个表面仅部分被聚合物涂层覆盖就足够了。换言之,如果片状载体的两个表面都被一个或多个聚合物涂层覆盖,则一个表面被存在于所述表面上的所有聚合物涂层覆盖的总覆盖率为该表面的总面积的10至90%,特别是20至80%,而另一个表面可能被一个或多个聚合物涂层完全覆盖。如果片状载体的两个表面都被一个或多个聚合物涂层覆盖,优选的是,在这两个表面上,各自表面被存在于所述表面上的所有聚合物涂层覆盖的总覆盖率都为所述表面的总面积的10至90%,特别是20至80%。特别地,片状载体的仅一个表面被聚合物涂层部分覆盖,以致存在于所述表面上的所有聚合物涂层对该表面的总覆盖率为所述表面的总面积的10至90%,特别是20至80%。
与覆盖物相比,聚合物涂层永久粘合到片状载体涂层(sheet-like supportcoating)的表面,并且无法在不损坏支承体(carrier)表面或甚至破坏支承体的情况下从支承体上机械移除。
根据本发明,聚合物涂层均匀布置在各自的表面上,即所述表面的每1/4平方厘米至少部分被聚合物涂层覆盖到使得每1/4平方厘米的覆盖率为所述1/4平方厘米的面积的至少10%,特别是至少20%的程度。优选地,片状载体的所述表面的每平方厘米在所述1/4平方厘米的面积的10至90%,特别是20至80%的程度上被聚合物涂层覆盖。因此,每1/4平方厘米的面积的最多90%,特别是最多80%没有被聚合物涂层覆盖。特别地,每1/4平方厘米的至少10%,尤其是至少20%,例如每1/4平方厘米的面积的10至90%,特别是20至80%没有被任何聚合物涂层覆盖。
被聚合物涂层覆盖的区域的形状可能是任意的,只要满足关于总覆盖率和覆盖的均匀分布的上述条件。优选地,聚合物涂层布置在片状载体的表面上以使连续的完全涂布面积不大于22.5mm2,特别是不大于20mm2,尤其是不大于10mm2,例如在0.01至22.5mm2的范围内或在0.02至20mm2的范围内或在0.03至10mm2的范围内。特别地,聚合物涂层作为点或点划线或其组合布置在片状载体的表面上。点划线和点可具有规则形状,如圆或直线或可具有不规则形式。优选地,点或点划线的尺寸不大于10mm2,例如在0.01至10mm2的范围内或在0.02至5mm2的范围内或在0.03至1mm2的范围内。聚合物涂层也可作为一个或多个网格(grids)布置在片状载体的表面上。在这种情况下,网格的相邻节点之间的距离通常不超过10mm,特别是5mm,并通常在0.1至10mm的范围内,尤其在0.2至5mm的范围内。连接节点的线的宽度通常在0.1至3mm的范围内。聚合物涂层也可能作为点或点划线的至少一种和一个或多个网格的组合布置在片状载体的表面上,其中点划线、点和网格具有上述尺寸。尤其地,任何聚合物涂层作为点或点划线或其组合布置在片状载体的表面上。
布置在支承体的表面上的聚合物涂层通常具有至少1μm,特别是至少2μm,尤其是至少3μm的厚度,这对应于至少1g/m2,特别是至少2g/m2,尤其是至少3g/m2的在100%覆盖率下施加到片状材料上的涂料量。特别地,聚合物涂层的总厚度在1至50μm,特别是2至40μm,尤其是3至30μm的范围内,对应于1至50g/m2,特别是2至40g/m2,尤其是3至30g/m2的在100%覆盖率下施加到片状材料上的涂料量。
聚合物涂层可基本由一种或多种有机聚合物组成,但其也可能含有常规存在于聚合物涂层中的其它组分,例如常规存在于涂料组合物中的添加剂,如成膜添加剂、流变改性添加剂、乳化剂、杀生物剂、紫外线稳定剂和pH调节剂、颜料和填料。除有机聚合物外,聚合物涂层还可能含有一种或多种蜡。在本文中,术语“基本由…组成”是指有机聚合物的量为聚合物涂层的至少95重量%,特别是至少98重量%。通常,聚合物涂层中的有机聚合物的量为至少50重量%,通常至少70重量%,余量选自常规存在于涂料组合物中的添加剂、颜料、填料和蜡及其组合。
如果聚合物涂层含有一种或多种选自颜料和填料的组分,颜料和填料的总量通常不超过聚合物涂层中的聚合物的量。特别地,这些组分的总量与聚合物的量的重量比<1并且通常不超过1:1.1,特别是1:1.5,尤其是1:2的比率。如果在聚合物涂层中存在选自颜料和填料的组分,其量通常在基于聚合物涂层的总重量计1至48重量%的范围内,特别是在2至40重量%的范围内或在3至30重量%的范围内。特别地,聚合物涂层可基本由一种或多种有机聚合物组成,余量(如果有的话)选自上述常规添加剂。
如果聚合物涂层含有一种或多种选自蜡的组分,蜡的总量通常不超过聚合物涂层中的聚合物的量。特别地,蜡与聚合物的量的重量比<1并且通常不超过1:1.1,特别是1:1.5,尤其是1:2的比率。如果在聚合物涂层中存在选自蜡的组分,其量通常在基于聚合物涂层的总重量计1至3重量%的范围内,特别是在2至20重量%的范围内或在3至15重量%的范围内。
特别地,聚合物涂层可基本由一种或多种有机聚合物或至少一种有机聚合物和至少一种蜡的组合组成,余量(如果有的话)选自上述常规添加剂。
聚合物涂层的聚合物可以主要是对气味剂化合物具有蒸发阻滞效果,即当用作连续膜时显著降低气味剂化合物的蒸发速率的任何聚合物或聚合物的组合。蒸发速率的显著降低意味着基本由该聚合物组成并以100%的表面覆盖率和10μm的涂层厚度涂布到80g/m2未涂布纸上的聚合物涂层与未涂布纸相比将在23℃和1巴下的渗透速率降低至少50%。
合适的聚合物是例如以下聚合物:丙烯酸酯聚合物,包括苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、纯丙烯酸酯、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物和丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)、丙烯酸烷基酯与乙烯的共聚物(AEM)、聚酯型聚氨酯(AU)、聚丁二烯(BR)、乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(ENM)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、乙烯-丙烯共聚物(EPM)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚异丁烯(PIB)、聚醚型聚氨酯(EU)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVM)、氟化橡胶(FKM)、氟硅橡胶(FVMQ)、异丁烯-异戊二烯共聚物(IIR)、异戊二烯橡胶(IR)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)、天然橡胶(NR)、硫塑料(OT)、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(SB)、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、含羧基的丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物(XNB)、含羧基的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(XSB)、含羧基的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(XSBR)及其混合物。
特别地,聚合物涂层的聚合物包含或是选自丙烯酸酯聚合物,尤其是苯乙烯丙烯酸酯聚合物和纯丙烯酸酯聚合物、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、含羧基的丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物(XNB)、含羧基的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(XSB)、含羧基的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(XSBR)及其混合物的至少一种聚合物,特别优选的是丙烯酸酯聚合物。
在一组特定的实施方案中,聚合物涂层的聚合物基于一种或多种上述聚合物的水性聚合物分散体,特别是选自丙烯酸酯聚合物,尤其是苯乙烯丙烯酸酯聚合物和纯丙烯酸酯聚合物、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、含羧基的丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物(XNB)、含羧基的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(XSB)、含羧基的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(XSBR)及其混合物的一种或多种聚合物的水性聚合物分散体,特别优选的是丙烯酸酯聚合物的水性聚合物分散体。
在一组特定的实施方案中,该聚合物选自苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物,包括SB、SBR、XSB和XSBR及其混合物。在这组特定的实施方案中,该聚合物特别是苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的水性分散体。苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物是包含苯乙烯和/或苯乙烯衍生物的聚合重复单元和丁二烯的聚合重复单元的聚合物。在这样的聚合物中,通常,聚合的丁二烯是1,2-连接和/或1,4-连接的,该共聚物仍具有易硫化的烯属不饱和键。优选的是丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,特别是它们的水性聚合物分散体,其中苯乙烯与丁二烯的重量比在10:90至90:10,特别是20:80至80:20,尤其是25:75至75:25的范围内。通常,在这些共聚物中,聚合的苯乙烯和丁二烯的总量为基于形成苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的单体总量计至少80重量%,特别是至少85重量%,尤其是至少90重量%。除苯乙烯和丁二烯外,苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物还可能含有其它单体,即包括其它单体单元。基于形成苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的单体总量计,这些其它单体的量通常不超过20重量%,特别是15重量%或更少,或10重量%或更少。
在另一组特定的实施方案中,该聚合物选自丙烯酸酯聚合物,包括苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、纯丙烯酸酯、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物和丙烯酸酯橡胶,特别是选自苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、纯丙烯酸酯及其混合物。在这组特定的实施方案中,该聚合物特别是丙烯酸酯聚合物的水性分散体,其特别选自苯乙烯丙烯酸酯、纯丙烯酸酯及其混合物。
本领域中使用的术语“苯乙烯丙烯酸酯(styrene acrylates)”是指苯乙烯与至少一种丙烯酸酯和任选一种或多种甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物。它们通常以水性聚合物分散体的形式存在。
本领域中使用的术语“纯丙烯酸酯(pure acrylates)”是指选自甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯的至少主要单体M1的均聚物或共聚物,特别是选自甲基丙烯酸酯的至少一种单体M1a和选自丙烯酸酯的至少一种单体M1b的共聚物。它们通常以水性聚合物分散体的形式存在。术语“主要单体”是指单体M1的总量为基于形成纯丙烯酸酯的单体总量计至少50重量%,通常至少80重量%,特别是至少85重量%,尤其是至少90重量%。
苯乙烯丙烯酸酯和纯丙烯酸酯中的合适的丙烯酸酯是丙烯酸的C1-C20烷基酯和丙烯酸的C5-C20-环烷基酯。苯乙烯丙烯酸酯和纯丙烯酸酯中的合适的甲基丙烯酸酯是甲基丙烯酸的C1-C20烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸的C5-C20-环烷基酯。
丙烯酸的C1-C20烷基酯,也称为丙烯酸C1-C20烷基酯的实例包括但不限于丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸正戊酯、丙烯酸异戊酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸正庚酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸2-丙基戊酯、丙烯酸正癸酯、丙烯酸2-丙基庚酯、C10异戊基格尔伯特醇丙烯酸酯(C10 isoamyl guerbet acrylate)、丙烯酸1-丙基庚酯、丙烯酸月桂酯和丙烯酸硬脂酯。甲基丙烯酸的C1-C20烷基酯,也称为甲基丙烯酸C1-C20烷基酯的实例包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正戊酯、甲基丙烯酸异戊酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸正庚酯、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸2-丙基戊酯、甲基丙烯酸正癸酯、甲基丙烯酸2-丙基庚酯、C10异戊基格尔伯特醇甲基丙烯酸酯(C10 isoamyl guerbet methacrylate)、甲基丙烯酸1-丙基庚酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯和甲基丙烯酸硬脂酯。丙烯酸的C5-C20-环烷基酯的实例包括但不限于丙烯酸环戊酯、丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸4-甲基环己酯和丙烯酸4-叔丁基环己酯。甲基丙烯酸的C5-C20-环烷基酯的实例包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸环戊酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸4-甲基环己酯和甲基丙烯酸4-叔丁基环己酯。
在丙烯酸酯聚合物,如苯乙烯丙烯酸酯和纯丙烯酸酯中,苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的总量为基于形成苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的单体总量计至少80重量%,特别是至少85重量%,尤其是至少90重量%。除苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯外,丙烯酸酯聚合物,如苯乙烯丙烯酸酯和纯丙烯酸酯还可能含有其它单体,即包括其它单体单元。基于形成各自共聚物的单体总量计,这些其它单体的量通常不超过20重量%,特别是15重量%或更少,或10重量%或更少。
苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物和纯丙烯酸酯还可包括交联单体。基于形成各自聚合物的单体总量计,交联单体的量通常不超过5重量%,特别是2重量%。当用于苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物或纯丙烯酸酯聚合物时,交联单体可例如以基于形成各自聚合物的单体总量计0.01至5重量%的量或0.2至2重量%的量存在。合适的交联单体特别是含有至少两个非共轭烯属不饱和双键的单体。示例性的交联单体包括二乙烯基苯、二元醇和三元醇与单烯属不饱和C3-C6单羧酸的二酯或三酯,例如二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三(甲基)丙烯酸酯和四(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如亚烷基二醇二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,如乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯和丙二醇二丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯,以及烯属不饱和酸的乙烯基酯和烯丙基酯,如甲基丙烯酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸乙烯酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、丙烯酸烯丙酯,以及二羧酸的二乙烯基酯和二烯丙基酯,如马来酸二烯丙酯和富马酸二烯丙酯,以及亚甲基双丙烯酰胺。合适的交联单体具有至少一个烯属不饱和双键和可发生后交联反应的其它反应性基团,包括含酮基的烯属不饱和单体,例如(甲基)丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯或双丙酮丙烯酰胺;含脲基的单体,例如(甲基)丙烯酸脲乙酯,硅烷交联剂,例如乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷,环氧官能化(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,例如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、具有3至10个碳原子的α,β-单烯属不饱和羧酸的N-烷醇酰胺及其与具有1至4个碳原子的醇的酯,例如N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺和N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺。
苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物和纯丙烯酸酯聚合物可包括酸单体的重复单元。基于形成各自聚合物的单体总量计,这些酸单体的量通常不超过10重量%,特别是5重量%或更少。当用于苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物或纯丙烯酸酯聚合物时,酸单体可例如以基于形成各自聚合物的单体总量计0.01至10重量%的量或0.1至5重量%的量存在。酸单体通常具有一个酸基团,如羧基(COOH)、磺酸基团(SO3H)、膦酸基团和磷酸酯基团。酸单体的实例是单烯属不饱和C3-C6-单羧酸,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸,和单烯属不饱和C4-C6-二羧酸,如衣康酸和富马酸及其混合物。酸单体的实例还有单烯属不饱和磺酸,如乙烯基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、丙烯酰氧基乙磺酸和丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸及其盐,特别是其碱金属盐,以及单烯属不饱和磺酸。
苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的其它单体可以是非离子型烯属不饱和单体,例如不同于丁二烯的共轭二烯单体,例如异戊二烯或氯丁二烯,乙烯基芳族单体,如a-甲基苯乙烯或邻氯苯乙烯,烯属不饱和腈,如丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈,烯属不饱和酸的酰胺,如丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺,以及丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C10-烷基酯,如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯和甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。基于形成各自聚合物的单体总量计,这些非离子型单体的总量通常不超过10重量%,特别是5重量%或更少。
苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物和纯丙烯酸酯聚合物的其它单体可以是具有在20℃和1巴下例如至少80g/L的提高的在去离子水中的溶解度的非离子型烯属不饱和单体,例如烯属不饱和腈,如丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈,烯属不饱和酸的酰胺,如丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺,和丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C2-C4-羟烷基酯,如丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯和甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯,带有酮基的单烯属不饱和单体,如双丙酮丙烯酰胺和双丙酮甲基丙烯酰胺,和带有脲基的单烯属不饱和单体,如(甲基)丙烯酸2-(2-氧代-咪唑烷-1-基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-脲基酯、甲基丙烯酸N-[2-(2-氧代噁唑烷-3-基)乙基]酯。基于形成各自聚合物的单体总量计,这些非离子型单体的总量通常不超过10重量%,特别是5重量%或更少。
在特别优选的一组实施方案中,该聚合物是丙烯酸酯聚合物,特别是苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物或纯丙烯酸酯聚合物,其已在至少一种碳水化合物存在下制备。在这些聚合物中,碳水化合物构成该聚合物的一部分。在这些含碳水化合物的聚合物中,对丙烯酸酯聚合物给出的聚合单体的相对量仅是指烯属不饱和单体的总量。
碳水化合物可选自寡糖(由2至10个糖单元构成)和多糖(由多于10个糖单元构成),尤其选自降解多糖,优选降解淀粉、降解半纤维素或降解脱乙酰壳多糖(chitosan)。麦芽糖糊精和葡萄糖浆特别优选。碳水化合物优选以每100重量份待聚合的烯属不饱和单体10至200重量份,更优选20至150重量份或30至150重量份碳水化合物的量存在。碳水化合物,更特别是降解淀粉,具有例如小于0.07dl/g或小于0.05dl/g的特性粘数(intrinsicviscosity)。特性粘数优选在0.02至0.06dl/g的范围内。根据DIN EN 1628在23℃的温度下测定特性粘数
DE值是表征多糖,更特别是本领域中非常常见的淀粉的降解程度的替代方式。DE表示葡萄糖当量(Dextrose Equivalent),并且是指干物质中的还原糖的百分比分数。其对应于每100克干物质具有相同还原力的葡萄糖(=右旋糖)的量。DE值是聚合物降解进展程度的量度;因此,具有低DE值的所得产物保留了高比例的多糖和低含量的低分子量糖,而高DE值的产物主要仅由低分子量糖组成。合适的降解淀粉的实例是麦芽糖糊精和葡萄糖浆。优选的麦芽糖糊精具有不小于大约0.04至0.06dl/g的特性粘数、3至20的DE值和15 000至20 000g/mol的摩尔质量Mw。
通常,聚合物涂层的聚合物是热塑性的。通常,聚合物涂层的聚合物具有通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定的在-30℃至+60℃,优选-20℃至+50℃,尤其是-10℃至+40℃的范围内的软化点或熔点。通常,聚合物涂层的聚合物的特征在于具有通过根据ISO 11357-2:2013的差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定的至少一个在-30℃至+60℃,优选-20℃至+50℃,尤其是-10℃至+40℃的范围内的玻璃化转变温度TG,优选根据ISO 16805:2003进行样品制备。
可与聚合物涂层的聚合物结合使用的典型蜡包括石蜡、褐煤蜡,包括化学改性的褐煤蜡和褐煤酯蜡,氧化蜡、酰胺蜡、极性聚烯烃蜡、费托蜡、费托蜡的氧化产物和Sasol蜡。如果聚合物涂层的聚合物作为水性聚合物分散体存在,优选使用这种水性聚合物分散体与蜡的水性分散体的组合。
如果各自的聚合物以水性聚合物分散体的形式存在,则聚合物以分散在水性浆液中的粒子形式存在。通常,水性聚合物分散体的分散聚合物粒子具有在30nm至1μm的范围内的体积平均粒径,也称为D(4.3)值。特别地,粒度可为50nm至0.8μm或60nm至0.5μm。此处给出的值是指通过准弹性光散射(QELS),也称为动态光散射(DLS)测定的值。在ISO 13321:1996标准中描述了测量方法。
如果各自的聚合物以水性聚合物分散体的形式存在,该水性聚合物分散体优选具有基于水性聚合物分散体的总重量计至少10重量%,特别是至少20重量%,优选10至72重量%,尤其是20至70重量%的固含量。如果使用具有较高固含量的聚合物分散体,可能必须在由其制备涂层之前用水稀释它们。固含量是根据DIN EN ISO 3251:2008-06测定的水性聚合物分散体中的不挥发物的量。
除聚合物外,水性聚合物分散体通常含有至少一种表面活性化合物。表面活性化合物通过使聚合物的粒子保持分散而起到稳定聚合物的水性分散体的作用。表面活性化合物可以是乳化剂、保护胶体(protective colloid)或它们两者的混合物。乳化剂和保护胶体的重均摩尔质量Mw彼此不同。乳化剂通常具有一般低于2000的重均摩尔质量Mw,而保护胶体的重均摩尔质量Mw可能高达50 000,特别是从高于2000至高达50 000。通常,表面活性化合物的量在基于水性聚合物分散体中的聚合物总量计0.1至10重量%的范围内,特别是在0.5至5重量%的范围内。但是,在保护胶体的情况下,保护胶体的量可能更高,例如基于水性分散体中的分散聚合物和保护胶体的总量计最多20重量%。
优选地,表面活性化合物包含一种或多种乳化剂。乳化剂为非离子型、阴离子型或阳离子型。在使用乳化剂混合物的情况下,必须确保它们的相容性,如有疑问,可通过初步试验进行评估。通常,阴离子型乳化剂与另一种阴离子型乳化剂或非离子型乳化剂相容。类似地,阳离子型乳化剂通常与另一种阳离子型乳化剂或非离子型乳化剂相容。优选地,乳化剂是阴离子型乳化剂、两种或更多种阴离子型乳化剂的组合或至少一种阴离子型乳化剂和至少一种非离子型乳化剂的组合。
非离子型乳化剂是例如具有3至50的乙氧基化程度(degree of ethoxylation)(=环氧乙烷单元[EO]:3-50)的乙氧基化C8-C36脂肪醇和具有3至50的乙氧基化程度的乙氧基化单-、二-和三-C4-C12烷基酚。常规非离子型乳化剂的实例是Emulgin B等级(鲸蜡/硬脂醇乙氧基化物,RTM BASF)、Dehydrol LS等级(脂肪醇乙氧基化物,EO单元:1-10,RTMBASF)、Lutensol A等级(C12C14-脂肪醇乙氧基化物,EO单元:3-8,RTM BASF)、Lutensol AO等级(C13C15-羰基合成醇乙氧基化物,EO单元:3-30)、Lutensol AT等级(C16C18-脂肪醇乙氧基化物,EO单元:11-80)、Lutensol ON等级(C10-羰基合成醇乙氧基化物,EO单元:3-11)和Lutensol TO等级(C13-羰基合成醇乙氧基化物,EO单元:3-20)。在此处和在下文中,术语“EO单元”是指乳化剂中的环氧乙烷重复单元的数平均(number average)。
阴离子型乳化剂是例如磺基琥珀酸的二烷基酯的碱金属盐、C8-C12烷基硫酸酯的碱金属盐和铵盐、C12-C18烷基磺酸的碱金属盐和铵盐、C9-C18烷基芳基磺酸的碱金属盐和铵盐、乙氧基化C12-C18烷醇的硫酸单酯(EO单元:4-30)或乙氧基化(C4-C12烷基)酚的硫酸单酯(EO单元:3-50)的碱金属盐和铵盐。作为另一阴离子型乳化剂,通式I的化合物也可用
其中Ra和Rb各自是H原子或C4-C24-烷基并且不同时都是H原子,且M1 +和M2 +可以是碱金属离子和/或铵。在通式I中,Ra和Rb优选是具有6至18个碳原子,特别是6、12或16个碳原子的线性或支化链烷基或氢原子,其中Ra和Rb不同时都是H原子。M1 +和M2 +优选是钠、钾或铵,钠特别优选。其中M1 +和M2 +都是钠、Ra是具有12个碳原子的支化链烷基且Rb是氢或Ra的通式I的化合物特别有利。通常使用具有50至90重量%的比例的单烷基化产物的工业混合物,例如2A1(RTM The Dow Chemical Corp.)。通式I的化合物是公知的,例如从US-A 4269 749中获知,并可购得。另外的阴离子型乳化剂是脂肪醇磷酸酯、烷基酚磷酸酯、烷基聚二醇醚磷酸酯、烷基聚环氧烷磷酸酯和脂肪醇醚磷酸酯及其盐,特别是其碱金属盐和铵盐,特别优选的是碱金属盐,如钠盐。
合适的乳化剂的综合描述可见于Houben-Weyl、Methoden der organischenChemie,volume XIV/1,Makromolekulare Stoffe,Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart,1961,第192至208页。
类似于上述乳化剂,合适的保护胶体可为非离子型、阴离子型或阳离子型。保护胶体的实例是聚(乙烯醇)、聚(亚烷基二醇)、聚(丙烯酸)及其碱金属盐、聚(甲基丙烯酸)及其碱金属盐,以及明胶衍生物。阴离子型保护胶体也可以是含有合适量的在聚合形式下的至少一种阴离子单体,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸、对乙烯基苯基磺酸或其盐形式(优选其碱金属盐)的共聚物。阳离子型保护胶体的实例是N-质子化或N-烷基化的含有足量的阳离子单体,特别是具有一个或多个氨基的单烯属不饱和单体的均聚物和共聚物。实例包括在它们的至少部分水解形式下的N-乙烯基甲酰胺的均聚物或共聚物的N-质子化和N-烷基化衍生物、在它们的至少部分水解形式下的N-乙烯基乙酰胺的均聚物或共聚物、N-乙烯基咔唑的均聚物或共聚物的N-质子化和N-烷基化衍生物、1-乙烯基咪唑的均聚物或共聚物的N-质子化和N-烷基化衍生物、2-乙烯基咪唑的均聚物或共聚物的N-质子化和N-烷基化衍生物、2-乙烯基吡啶的均聚物或共聚物的N-质子化和N-烷基化衍生物、4-乙烯基吡啶的均聚物或共聚物的N-质子化和N-烷基化衍生物、带有胺基的丙烯酸酯的均聚物或共聚物的N-质子化和N-烷基化衍生物、带有胺基的甲基丙烯酸酯的均聚物或共聚物的N-质子化和N-烷基化衍生物,其中胺基的氮在低于7的pH下被质子化或永久带正电荷,例如通过烷基化。这样的阳离子型保护胶体中的其它共聚单体可以是丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
保护胶体不同于分散在水性聚合物分散体中的聚合物,因为它们是水溶性的或水分散性的。术语“水溶性或水分散性”被理解为是相应的保护胶体在20℃和1013毫巴下可以至少10g/L聚合物的量溶解或分散在去离子水中,以使所得水溶液没有可测得的粒度或具有通过根据DIN22412:2008的动态光散射测定的最多20nm的粒度。
合适的保护胶体的综合描述可见于Houben-Weyl,Methoden der organischenChemie,volume XIV/1,Makromolekulare Stoffe,Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart,1961,第411至420页。
水性聚合物分散体,特别是苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和丙烯酸酯聚合物的水性聚合物分散体是技术人员公知的并通常通过自由基水性乳液聚合技术制备,例如描述于"Emulsionspolymerisation"[Emulsion Polymerization]in Encyclopedia of PolymerScience and Engineering,第8卷,第659页及其后(1987);D.C.Blackley,in HighPolymer Latices,第1卷,第35页及其后(1966);H.Warson,The Applications ofSynthetic Resin Emulsions,第5章,第246页及其后(1972);D.Diederich,Chemie inunserer Zeit 24,第135至142页(1990);Emulsion Polymerisation,IntersciencePublishers,New York(1965);Dispersionen synthetischer Hochpolymerer[Dispersions of Synthetic High Polymers],F.Springer-Verlag,Berlin(1969)]、WO 2012/049651、WO 2012/163749、WO 2012/163821和WO 2013/083504,其经此引用并入本文。
如上文提到,该涂层可含有选自填料和颜料的组分。用于涂层组合物的颜料和填料是技术人员公知的。特别考虑白色颜料/填料。合适的颜料和填料包括例如金属盐颜料/填料,例如硫酸钙、硫酸铝酸钙、硫酸钡、碳酸镁和碳酸钙。碳酸钙可以是天然粉状碳酸钙(GCC)、沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)、石灰或白垩。合适的碳酸钙颜料可例如作为60、60或90ME获得。另外合适的颜料/填料包括例如硅石、氧化铝、水合铝(aluminum hydrate)、硅酸盐、二氧化钛、氧化锌、高岭土、泥质土(argillaceous earths)、滑石或二氧化硅。合适的其它颜料/填料可例如作为MP 50(Clay)、90(Clay)或Talcum C10获得。在本发明的一个实施方案中,聚合物涂层包含至少一种聚合物和基于1重量份的聚合物计例如最多1重量份的颜料/填料,优选片状颜料/填料的组合。片状颜料的实例是滑石、粘土或云母(glimmer)。在这一实施方案中,滑石是优选的片状颜料/填料。片状颜料/填料的优选纵横比(长厚比)高于10。
根据本发明,聚合物涂层布置在气味剂可透的片状载体的表面上。合适的支承体通常是多孔材料,其中孔隙允许液体气味剂组合物通过毛细作用渗透。优选地,该支承体是根据定义的纸或纸板,特别是具有在20至200g/m2的范围内的根据DIN EN ISO 536:2019-04的纸张克重的纸。特别地,该纸是未涂布的。
本发明的蒸发阻滞膜可具有布置在片状载体的一个表面上的单一聚合物涂层,或可布置在片状载体的相同表面上的两个或更多个聚合物涂层。或者,一个或多个聚合物涂层布置在一个表面上,且一个或多个另外的聚合物涂层布置在片状载体的另一个(相反)表面上。
在一组特定的实施方案中,蒸发阻滞膜包含至少两个不同的聚合物涂层。在这组实施方案中,这些聚合物涂层优选布置在片状载体的一个表面上以使各自的聚合物涂层对表面的覆盖率为5至85%,特别是10至70%。被所述至少两个不同涂层之一覆盖的表面的面积通常为被所有涂层覆盖的表面积的至少1%,特别是至少10%,尤其是至少20%,并且可为被所有涂层覆盖的表面积的1至99%,特别是10至90%,尤其是20至80%。在两个涂层的情况下,被各涂层覆盖的面积比在1:99至99:1的范围内,特别是在10:90至90:10的范围内,尤其是在20:80至80:20的范围内。在这组实施方案中,存在于所述表面上的所有聚合物涂层对该表面的总覆盖率通常为形成蒸发阻滞膜的表面的总面积的10至90%,特别是20至80%。因此,所述表面的总面积的10至90%,特别是20至80%没有被任何聚合物涂层覆盖。
优选地,不同的聚合物涂层布置在片状载体的表面之一的不同区域上。相同聚合物涂层覆盖的所述表面的面积可能相当小,小于1mm2或在1mm2至表面上的所有聚合物涂层覆盖的总面积的最多99%,特别是2mm2至所有聚合物涂层覆盖的总面积的最多90%,尤其是3mm2至所有聚合物涂层覆盖的总面积的最多80%的范围内。被相同聚合物涂层覆盖的区域可能是连续区域,或是2个或更多个不同区域。
不同的聚合物涂层可能主要在可影响气味剂化合物的扩散速率的任何特征上彼此不同,包括聚合物涂层的厚度、覆盖率、涂层中所含的聚合物的极性、聚合物涂层中的聚合物的分子构成,特别是其玻璃化转变温度及其极性,和聚合物涂层中的聚合物的相对量。特别地,不同的聚合物涂层在其中所含的聚合物的极性和/或它们的玻璃化转变温度上彼此不同。
聚合物的玻璃化转变温度和极性以众所周知的方式取决于该聚合物的分子构造,特别是重复单元的种类。
例如,共聚物的玻璃化转变温度可由玻璃化转变温度通过所谓的Fox方程(1)计算
1/Tgt=xa/Tga+xb/Tgb+....xn/Tgn、 (1)
在该方程中,xa、xb、....xn是单体a、b、....n的质量分数,且Tga、Tgb、....Tgn是一次由单体1、2、....n的仅一种合成的均聚物的以开氏度计的实际玻璃化转变温度。T.G.Fox在Bull.Am.Phys.Soc.1956,1,第123页中以及在Ullmann'sdertechnischen Chemie[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry],第19卷,第18页,第4版,Verlag Chemie,Weinheim,1980中描述了Fox方程。大多数单体的均聚物的实际Tg值是已知的并列在例如Ullmann’sder technischen Chemie[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry],第5版,vol.A21,第169卷,VerlagChemie,Weinheim,1992中。均聚物的玻璃化转变温度的进一步来源是例如J.Brandrup,E.H.Immergut,Polymer Handbook,1st Ed.,J.Wiley,New York 1966,2nd Ed.J.Wiley,New York 1975,3rd Ed.J.Wiley,New York 1989和4th Ed.J.Wiley,New York 2004。
例如,选择形成聚合物涂层之一的聚合物的单体组合物以使其理论玻璃化转变温度Tgt在-30至+20℃的范围内,特别是在-20℃至+15℃的范围内,尤其是在-10℃至+10℃的范围内,同时选择形成另一聚合物涂层的聚合物的单体组合物以使其理论玻璃化转变温度Tgt在+5至+60℃的范围内,特别是在+10℃至+50℃的范围内,尤其是在+15℃至40℃的范围内,条件是玻璃化转变温度的差值为至少5℃,特别是至少10℃,尤其是至少15℃。
同样地,聚合物的极性取决于形成该聚合物的单体组合物。聚合物和单体的极性对应于它们的疏水性,这可通过所谓的Hansch参数HP估算,其通常是单体和由其形成的聚合物的疏水性的量度。在此,高Hansch参数HP表示高疏水性和低极性。
用于计算Hansch参数的理论考量公开于:Hansch,Fujita,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,1964,86,第1616-1626页;H.Kubinyi,Methods and Principles of MedicinalChemistry,Volume 1,R.Mannhold等人,出版商:VCH,Weinheim(1993);C.Hansch和A.Leo,Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis,in Chemistry and Biology,Wiley,New York(1979);和C.Hansch,P.Maloney,T.Fujita和R.Muir,Nature,1962,194,第178-180页。
在本文中,单体的Hansch参数通常用“KOWWIN v1.68”(2010年9月)软件计算,该软件由US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)作为“Estimation Programs InterfaceSuiteTM forWindows,v4.11”[2012]向公众开放,United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency,Washington,DC,USA。该程序确定了本文中使用的单体的Hansch参数。如果聚合物以有利地具有在中性至微碱性范围内的pH的它们的水性聚合物分散体的形式使用,则假定含酸基团的单体完全去质子化,因此用在每种情况下指定的盐进行计算。下表1给出单体的Hansch参数列表,这些单体常用于生产适合作为根据本发明的聚合物涂层的聚合物的那些聚合物:
表1:单体的Hansch参数HP
通常可通过以下通用公式(2)计算由单体M1、M2...Mn形成的聚合物P的Hansch HP参数:
HPP=x1·HPM1+x2·HPM2+....xn·HPMn (2)
其中
HPP:由单体M1、M2...Mn形成的聚合物P的计算Hansch参数x1、x2、xn:以除以100的百分比计的并入聚合物P中的单体M1、M2....Mn的重量比例,其中x1+x2+.....xn的总和=1
HPM1、HPM2、HPMn:形成聚合物P的各单体M1、M2....Mn的各自Hansch参数。
用于本发明的聚合物涂层的典型聚合物具有在0.5至4.5的范围内,特别是在1.0至4.2的范围内的Hansch参数。例如,选择形成聚合物涂层之一的聚合物的单体组合物以使其Hansch参数在0.5至3.0的范围内,尤其是在1.0至2.5的范围内,同时选择形成另一聚合物涂层的聚合物的单体组合物以使其Hansch参数在2.0至4.5的范围内,尤其是在2.5至4.0的范围内,条件是Hansch参数的差值为至少0.1,特别是至少0.2,尤其是至少0.5。
该聚合物涂层可通过将一种或多种含有相应聚合物的聚合物组合物以实现相应聚合物涂层的所需覆盖度的方式施加到片状载体材料的表面上获得。优选地,所述一种或多种聚合物组合物通过印刷工艺施加,包括胶版印刷工艺、轮转凹版印刷工艺、丝网印刷工艺、铜版凹版印刷工艺、柔性版印刷工艺、凸版印刷工艺。上述印刷技术是技术人员公知的。
对于大多数应用目的,已经表明有益的是,该聚合物涂层可通过将含有聚合物粘合剂(polymer binder)的水性聚合物组合物以水性聚合物分散体的形式施加到片状载体的表面上获得。特别地,该水性聚合物组合物含有选自丙烯酸酯聚合物,尤其是苯乙烯丙烯酸酯聚合物和纯丙烯酸酯聚合物、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、含羧基的丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物(XNB)、含羧基的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(XSB)、含羧基的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(XSBR)及其混合物的聚合物的水性聚合物分散体。如果通过印刷法将聚合物涂层施加到片状载体的表面上,这些水性聚合物组合物特别有益。
除所述一种或多种有机聚合物和水外,该水性涂料组合物还可能含有常规存在于聚合物涂层中的其它组分,例如常规存在于涂料组合物中的添加剂,如成膜添加剂、流变改性添加剂、乳化剂、杀生物剂、紫外线稳定剂和pH调节剂,以及颜料和填料。通常,基于水性涂料组合物的非水成分的总量计,水性涂料组合物中的有机聚合物的量为至少50重量%,通常至少70重量%,余量是常规存在于涂料组合物中的添加剂、颜料和填料。特别地,这些组分的总量与聚合物的量的重量比<1并且通常不超过1:1.1,特别是1:1.5,尤其是1:2的比率。如果在水性涂料组合物中存在选自颜料和填料的组分,其量通常在基于水性涂料组合物的非水成分的总量计1至48重量%的范围内,特别是在2至40重量%的范围内或在3至30重量%的范围内。水性涂料组合物的固含量通常在20至80重量%的范围内。
本发明的蒸发阻滞膜能够实现气味剂组合物的受控释放。这些气味剂组合物含有一种或多种气味剂化合物,特别是至少两种气味剂化合物,更特别是三种或更多种气味剂化合物。
在本发明中,“气味剂”被理解为是指具有固有气味的天然或合成物质。在本发明中,“气味”或“嗅觉感知”是从生物体的鼻子或其它嗅觉器官中的化学感受器发送给大脑的感官刺激的解读。气味可以是在吸入过程中发生的鼻子对气味剂的感官感知的结果。在这种情况下,空气充当气味载体。
通常,气味剂组合物在22℃和1013毫巴下为液体。通常,该组合物中所含的气味剂化合物是具有低极性和尤其在25℃下具有不大于100mg/L的在去离子水中的水溶解度的挥发性有机化合物。
挥发性气味剂被理解为是指在室温下具有高蒸气压的气味剂。化合物尤其在具有以下性质时被认为是挥发性的:如果将一滴挥发性香料施加到纸条上并让其在环境条件下在室温(22℃)下蒸发,有经验的调香师在施加后不超过2小时就不再可察觉到它的气味。通常,气味剂化合物在25℃下具有通常为至少0.1Pa并可能高达2x 104Pa的可测得的蒸气压。
通常通过该化合物在正辛醇和水的混合物中的分配系数POW评估嗅觉化合物(olfactory compound)的疏水性/极性。其通常作为其十进对数log POW给出。通常,气味剂具有至少0.5,例如在0.5至5的范围内的log POW。
本发明的蒸发阻滞膜特别适用于包含至少两种不同的芳香化合物,更特别是三种或更多种气味剂化合物的气味剂组合物的释放,其中不同的气味剂化合物具有不同的极性和/或不同的蒸气压。不同的蒸气压是指不同的气味剂化合物的蒸气压的比率为至少1.5,特别是至少2。不同的极性是指化合物的log POW之间的差值为至少0.05,尤其是至少0.1。
气味剂化合物选自例如下列化合物:
α-己基肉桂醛、异丁酸2-苯氧基乙基酯(Phenirat1)、二氢月桂烯醇(2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇)、二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯(优选具有大于60重量%的顺式异构体含量)(Hedione9,Hedione HC9)、4,6,6,7,8,8-六甲基-1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢环五[g]苯并吡喃(Galaxolide3)、四氢芳樟醇(3,7-二甲基辛-3-醇)、乙基芳樟醇、水杨酸苄酯、2-甲基-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)丙醛(Lilial2)、肉桂醇、乙酸4,7-亚甲基-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢-5-茚基酯和/或乙酸4,7-亚甲基-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢-6-茚基酯(Herbaflorat1)、香茅醇、乙酸香茅酯、四氢香叶醇、香草醛、乙酸芳樟酯、乙酸苯乙烯酯(乙酸1-苯基乙酯)、八氢-2,3,8,8-四甲基-2-萘乙酮和/或2-乙酰基-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-八氢-2,3,8,8-四甲基萘(Iso E Super3)、水杨酸己酯、乙酸4-叔丁基环己基酯(Oryclone1)、乙酸2-叔丁基环己基酯(Agrumex HC1)、α-紫罗兰酮(4-(2,2,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-基)-3-丁烯-2-酮)、n-α-甲基紫罗兰酮、α-异-甲基紫罗兰酮、香豆素、乙酸松油酯、2-苯基乙基醇、4-(4-羟基-4-甲基戊基)-3-环己烯甲醛(Lyral3)、α-戊基肉桂醛、巴西酸乙二醇酯、(E)-和/或(Z)-3-甲基环十五-5-烯酮(Muscenone9)、15-十五-11-烯内酯和/或15-十五-12-烯内酯(Globalide1)、15-环十五内酯(Macrolide1)、1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,6,8,8-六甲基-2-萘基)乙酮(Tonalide10)、2-异丁基-4-甲基四氢-2H-吡喃-4-醇(Florol9)、2-乙基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯-1-基)-2-丁烯-1-醇(Sandolene1)、顺式乙酸-3-己烯酯、反式乙酸-3-己烯酯、反式-2-顺式-6-壬二烯醇、2,4-二甲基-3-环己烯甲醛(Vertocitral1)、2,4,4,7-四甲基辛-6-烯-3-酮(Claritone1)、2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯-1-醛(Melonal2)、冰片、3-(3-异丙基苯基)丁醛(Florhydral2)、2-甲基-3-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)丙醛(Helional3)、3-(4-乙基苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙醛(Florazon1)、四氢-2-异丁基-4-甲基-2H-吡喃(Dihydrorosenon4)、1,4-双(乙氧基甲基)环己烷(Vertofruct4)、L-异蒲勒醇(1R,2S,5R)-2-异丙烯基-5-甲基环己醇、乙酸吡喃酯(乙酸2-异丁基-4-甲基四氢吡喃-4-基酯)、橙花醇((Z)-2,6-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-8-醇)、橙花醇乙酸酯、7-甲基-2H-1,5-苯并二氧杂庚环-3(4H)-酮(Calone19515)、乙酸3,3,5-三甲基环己基酯(优选具有70重量%或更大的顺式异构体含量)和2,5,5-三甲基-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-八氢萘-2-酚(Ambrinol S1)、四氢-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基丙烯基)-2H-吡喃(玫瑰醚)、4-甲基-2-(2-甲基丙基)氧丙环或4-甲基-2-(2-甲基丙基)-2H-吡喃(Dihydrorosan4)、乙酸2-异丁基-4-甲基四氢吡喃-4-基酯、2,2-二甲基丙烷-1,3-二醇二乙酸酯(Velberry4)、α–和β-檀香醇的混合物(Santalol)、WO 2020/016421中公开的酯,优选根据实施例1.1的混合物的酯(Florascone4)、乙酸戊烯酯(=乙酸3-甲基丁-2-烯基酯)、乙酸异戊酯、二氢月桂烯醇(2,6-二甲基辛-7-烯-2-醇)和甲基庚烯酮(6-甲基庚-5-烯-2-酮)及其混合物,及其与一种或多种其它芳香剂的混合物。
如果上文指定商品名,这些是指下列来源:
1Symrise GmbH,Germany的商品名;
2Givaudan AG,Switzerland的商品名;
3International Flavors&Fragrances Inc.,USA的商品名;
4BASF SE的商品名;
5Danisco Seillans S.A.,France的商品名;
9Firmenich S.A.,Switzerland的商品名;
10PFW Aroma Chemicals B.V.,the Netherlands的商品名。
气味剂特别包括具有高挥发性的化合物。这些高挥发性气味剂化合物包括,但不限于以下化合物:玫瑰醚(四氢-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基丙烯基)-2H-吡喃、4-甲基-2-(2-甲基丙基)氧丙环或4-甲基-2-(2-甲基丙基)-2H-吡喃乙酸戊烯酯(=乙酸3-甲基丁-2-烯基酯)、乙酸异戊酯、二氢月桂烯醇(2,6-二甲基辛-7-烯-2-醇)和甲基庚烯酮(6-甲基庚-5-烯-2-酮)。如果混合物包含至少一种高度挥发性气味剂化合物,高度挥发性气味剂化合物的比例通常为基于气味剂组合物的总重量计至少1重量%,尤其是至少5重量%,例如1重量%至99重量%,尤其是5重量%至95重量%。
附加气味剂可见于例如S.Arctander,Perfume and Flavor Chemicals,Vol.I和II,Montclair,N.J.,1969,作者版或K.Bauer、D.Garbe和H.Surburg,Common Fragranceand Flavor Materials,第4版,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim 2001。具体地,可以提到以下:
-来自天然原材料的提取物,如精油、冷凝脂(concretes)、净油(absolutes)、树脂、香膏(resinoids)、香脂(balsams)、酊剂,例如
龙涎香酊;香树油;当归籽油;当归根油;八角茴香油;缬草油;罗勒油;树苔净油;月桂油;艾草油;安息香树脂;香柠檬油;蜂蜡净油;桦焦油;苦杏仁油;香旱芹油;布枯叶油;巴西檀木油;杜松焦油;菖蒲油;樟脑油;依兰油;小豆蔻油;卡藜油;肉桂油;肉桂净油;海狸香净油;雪松叶油;雪松木油;岩蔷薇油;香茅油;柠檬油;古巴香脂;古巴香脂油;芫荽油;木香根油;枯茗油;丝柏油;印蒿油;莳萝油;莳萝子油;Eau de brouts absolute;橡苔净油;榄香脂油;龙蒿油;柠檬桉叶油;桉叶油;小茴香油;云杉针油;白松香油;白松香树脂;老鹳草油;葡萄柚油;愈创木油;古芸香脂;古芸香脂油;蜡菊净油;蜡菊油;姜油;鸢尾根净油;鸢尾根油;茉莉净油;菖蒲油;蓝甘菊油(camellia oil blue);罗马甘菊油(camellia oilroman);胡萝卜籽油;卡藜油;松针油;留兰香油;小茴香油;赖百当油;赖百当净油;赖百当树脂;醒目薰衣草净油;醒目薰衣草油;薰衣草净油;薰衣草油;柠檬草油;圆叶当归油;蒸馏白柠檬油;压榨白柠檬油;芳樟油;山苍子油;月桂叶油;肉豆蔻油;甘牛至油;橘子油;香厚壳桂皮油;含羞草净油;麝香籽油;麝香酊;香紫苏油;肉豆蔻油;没药净油;没药油;桃金娘油;丁香叶油;丁香花油;橙花油;乳香净油;乳香油;红没药油;橙花净油;橙油;牛至油;玫瑰草油;广藿香油;紫苏子油;秘鲁香脂油;欧芹叶油;欧芹子油;苦橙叶油;胡椒薄荷油;胡椒油;多香果油;松树油;波莱油(poley oil);玫瑰净油;玫瑰木油;玫瑰油;迷迭香油;达尔马提亚型鼠尾草油(sage oil dalmatian);西班牙鼠尾草油;檀香油;芹菜籽油;穗熏衣草油;八角茴香油;苏合香油;万寿菊油;冷杉叶油;茶树油;松节油;百里香油;吐鲁香脂;香豆净油;晚香玉净油;香草提取物;紫罗兰叶净油;马鞭草油;香根草油;杜松子油;酒酵母油;苦艾油;冬青油;牛膝草油;麝猫香净油;肉桂叶油;肉桂皮油;及其馏分,或从中分离的成分;
独立的气味剂是例如选自以下的那些
-烃,例如3-蒈烯;α-蒎烯;β-蒎烯;α-萜品烯;γ-萜品烯;p-伞花烃;红没药烯;莰烯;石竹烯;柏木烯;法呢烯;苧烯;长叶烯;月桂烯;罗勒烯;瓦伦烯;(E,Z)-1,3,5-十一碳三烯;苯乙烯;二苯甲烷;
-脂族醇,例如己醇;辛醇;3-辛醇;2,6-二甲基庚醇;2-甲基-2-庚醇;2-甲基-2-辛醇;(E)-2-己烯醇;(E)-和(Z)-3-己烯醇;1-辛烯-3-醇;3,4,5,6,6-五甲基-3/4-庚烯-2-醇和3,5,6,6-四甲基-4-亚甲基庚-2-醇的混合物;(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醇;3,7-二甲基-7-甲氧基辛-2-醇;9-癸烯醇;10-十一烯醇;4-甲基-3-癸烯-5-醇;
-脂族醛及其缩醛,例如己醛;庚醛;辛醛;壬醛;癸醛;十一醛;十二醛;十三醛;2-甲基辛醛;2-甲基壬醛;(E)-2-己烯醛;(Z)-4-庚烯醛;2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯醛;10-十一烯醛;(E)-4-癸烯醛;2-十二烯醛;2,6,10-三甲基-9-十一烯醛;2,6,10-三甲基-5,9-十一碳二烯醛;庚醛缩二乙醇(heptanal diethylacetal);1,1-二甲氧基-2,2,5-三甲基-4-己烯;香茅氧基乙醛;(E/Z)-1-(1-甲氧基丙氧基)-3-己烯;脂族酮及其肟,例如2-庚酮;2-辛酮;3-辛酮;2-壬酮;5-甲基-3-庚酮;5-甲基-3-庚酮肟;2,4,4,7-四甲基-6-辛烯-3-酮;6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮;
-脂族含硫化合物,例如3-甲基硫代己醇;3-甲基硫代己醇乙酸酯;3-巯基己醇;3-巯基己醇乙酸酯;3-巯基己醇丁酸酯;3-乙酰硫代己醇乙酸酯;1-薄荷烯-8-硫醇;
-脂族腈,例如2-壬烯腈;2-十一碳烯腈;2-十三碳烯腈;3,12-十三碳二烯腈;3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯腈;3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯腈;
-脂族羧酸的酯,例如甲酸(E)-和(Z)-3-己烯基酯;乙酰乙酸乙酯;乙酸异戊酯;乙酸己酯;乙酸3,5,5-三甲基己基酯;乙酸3-甲基-2-丁烯基酯;乙酸(E)-2-己烯基酯;乙酸(E)-和(Z)-3-己烯基酯;乙酸辛酯;乙酸3-辛酯;乙酸1-辛烯-3-基酯;丁酸乙酯;丁酸丁酯;丁酸异戊酯;丁酸己酯;异丁酸(E)-和(Z)-3-己烯基酯;巴豆酸己酯;异戊酸乙酯;2-甲基戊酸乙酯;己酸乙酯;己酸烯丙酯;庚酸乙酯;庚酸烯丙酯;辛酸乙酯;2,4-癸二烯酸(E,Z)-乙酯;
2-辛炔酸甲酯;2-壬炔酸甲酯;2-异戊氧基乙酸烯丙酯;3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酸甲酯;巴豆酸4-甲基-2-戊基酯;
-无环萜烯醇,例如香叶醇;橙花醇;芳樟醇;熏衣草醇;橙花叔醇;法呢醇;四氢芳樟醇;2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇;2,6-二甲基辛-2-醇;2-甲基-6-亚甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇;2,6-二甲基-5,7-辛二烯-2-醇;2,6-二甲基-3,5-辛二烯-2-醇;3,7-二甲基-4,6-辛二烯-3-醇;3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇;2,6-二甲基-2,5,7-辛三烯-1-醇;和它们的甲酸酯、乙酸酯、丙酸酯、异丁酸酯、丁酸酯、异戊酸酯、戊酸酯、己酸酯、巴豆酸酯、惕各酸酯(tiglinates)和3-甲基-2-丁烯酸酯;
-无环萜烯醛和酮,例如香叶醛;橙花醛;香茅醛;7-羟基-3,7-二甲基辛醛;7-甲氧基-3,7-二甲基辛醛;2,6,10-三甲基-9-十一烯醛;香叶基丙酮;以及香叶醛、橙花醛、7-羟基-3,7-二甲基辛醛的二甲基-和二乙基缩醛;环萜烯醇,例如薄荷醇;异蒲勒醇;α-萜品醇;萜品醇-4;薄荷-8-醇;薄荷-1-醇;薄荷-7-醇;冰片;异冰片;氧化芳樟醇;诺卜醇;雪松醇;龙涎醇(ambrinol);岩兰草醇;愈创木醇;和它们的甲酸酯、乙酸酯、丙酸酯、异丁酸酯、丁酸酯、异戊酸酯、戊酸酯、己酸酯、巴豆酸酯、惕各酸酯(tiglinates)和3-甲基-2-丁烯酸酯;
-环状萜烯醛和酮,例如薄荷酮;异薄荷酮;8-巯基薄荷-3-酮;香芹酮;樟脑;小茴香酮;α-紫罗兰酮;β-紫罗兰酮;α-n-甲基紫罗兰酮;β-n-甲基紫罗兰酮;α-异甲基紫罗兰酮;β-异甲基紫罗兰酮;α-鸢尾酮;α-二氢大马酮;β-二氢大马酮;β-大马酮;δ-二氢大马酮;γ-二氢大马酮;1-(2,4,4-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-基)-2-丁烯-1-酮;1,3,4,6,7,8a-六氢-1,1,5,5-四甲基-2H-2,4a-亚甲基萘-8(5H)-酮;2-甲基-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-2-丁烯醛;圆柚酮;二氢圆柚酮;4,6,8-巨豆三烯-3-酮;α-甜橙醛;β-甜橙醛;乙酰化柏木油(甲基柏木酮);
-环醇,例如4-叔丁基环己醇;3,3,5-三甲基环己醇;3-异龙脑基环己醇;2,6,9-三甲基-Z2,Z5,E9-环十二碳三烯-1-醇;2-异丁基-4-甲基四氢-2H-吡喃-4-醇;
-脂环族醇,例如α-3,3-三甲基环己基甲醇;1-(4-异丙基环己基)乙醇;2-甲基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊-1-基)丁醇;2-甲基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊-1-基)-2-丁烯-1-醇;2-乙基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊-1-基)-2-丁烯-1-醇;3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊-1-基)戊-2-醇;3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊-1-基)-4-戊烯-2-醇;3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊-1-基)-4-戊烯-2-醇;1-(2,2,6-三甲基环己基)戊-3-醇;1-(2,2,6-三甲基环己基)己-3-醇;
-环状和脂环族醚,例如桉油醇;柏木甲基醚;环十二烷基甲基醚;1,1-二甲氧基环十二烷;1,4-双(乙氧基甲基)环己烷;(乙氧基甲氧基)环十二烷;α-环氧柏木烷;3a,6,6,9a-四甲基十二氢萘并[2,1-b]呋喃;3a-乙基-6,6,9a-三甲基十二氢萘并[2,1-b]呋喃;1,5,9-三甲基-13-氧杂双环-[10.1.0]十三碳-4,8-二烯;玫瑰醚;2-(2,4-二甲基-3-环己烯-1-基)-5-甲基-5-(1-甲基丙基)-1,3-二氧杂环己烷;
-环状和大环酮,例如4-叔丁基环己酮;2,2,5-三甲基-5-戊基环戊酮;2-庚基环戊酮;2-戊基环戊酮;2-羟基-3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮;顺式-3-甲基戊-2-烯-1-基环戊-2-烯-1-酮;3-甲基-2-戊基-2-环戊烯-1-酮;3-甲基-4-环十五烯酮;3-甲基-5-环十五烯酮;3-甲基环十五酮;4-(1-乙氧基乙烯基)-3,3,5,5-四甲基环己酮;4-叔戊基环己酮;环十六-5-烯-1-酮;6,7-二氢-1,1,2,3,3-五甲基-4(5H)-茚酮;8-环十六烯-1-酮;7-环十六烯-1-酮;(7/8)-环十六烯-1-酮;9-环十七烯-1-酮;环十五酮;环十六酮;
-脂环族醛,例如2,4-二甲基-3-环己烯甲醛;2-甲基-4-(2,2,6-三甲基环己烯-1-基)-2-丁烯醛;4-(4-羟基-4-甲基戊基)-3-环己烯甲醛;4-(4-甲基-3-戊烯-1-基)-3-环己烯甲醛;
-脂环族酮,例如1-(3,3-二甲基环己基)-4-戊烯-1-酮;2,2-二甲基-1-(2,4-二甲基-3-环己烯-1-基)-1-丙酮;1-(5,5-二甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-4-戊烯-1-酮;2,3,8,8-四甲基-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-八氢-2-萘基甲基酮;甲基2,6,10-三甲基-2,5,9-环十二碳三烯基酮;叔丁基(2,4-二甲基-3-环己烯-1-基)酮;
-环醇的酯,例如乙酸2-叔丁基环己基酯;乙酸4-叔丁基环己基酯;乙酸2-叔戊基环己基酯;乙酸4-叔戊基环己基酯;乙酸3,3,5-三甲基环己基酯;乙酸十氢-2-萘基酯;巴豆酸2-环戊基环戊基酯;乙酸3-戊基四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基酯;乙酸十氢-2,5,5,8a-四甲基-2-萘基酯;乙酸4,7-亚甲基-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢-5或6-茚基酯;丙酸4,7-亚甲基-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢-5或6-茚基酯;异丁酸4,7-亚甲基-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢-5或6-茚基酯;乙酸4,7-亚甲基八氢-5或6-茚基酯;
-脂环族醇的酯,例如巴豆酸1-环己基乙酯;
-脂环族羧酸的酯,例如3-环己基丙酸烯丙酯;环己氧基乙酸烯丙酯;顺式-和反式-二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯;顺式-和反式-茉莉酮酸甲酯;2-己基-3-氧代环戊烷甲酸甲酯;2-乙基-6,6-二甲基-2-环己烯甲酸乙酯;2,3,6,6-四甲基-2-环己烯甲酸乙酯;2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-乙酸乙酯;
-芳脂族醇,例如苄醇;1-苯乙醇、2-苯乙醇、3-苯基丙醇;2-苯基丙醇;2-苯氧基乙醇;2,2-二甲基-3-苯基丙醇;2,2-二甲基-3-(3-甲基苯基)丙醇;1,1-二甲基-2-苯乙醇;1,1-二甲基-3-苯基丙醇;1-乙基-1-甲基-3-苯基丙醇;2-甲基-5-苯基戊醇;3-甲基-5-苯基戊醇;3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇;4-甲氧基苄基醇;1-(4-异丙基苯基)乙醇;
-芳脂族醇和脂族羧酸的酯,例如乙酸苄酯;丙酸苄酯;异丁酸苄酯;异戊酸苄酯;乙酸2-苯乙酯;丙酸2-苯乙酯;异丁酸2-苯乙酯;异戊酸2-苯乙酯;乙酸1-苯乙酯;乙酸α-三氯甲基苄酯;乙酸α,α-二甲基苯基乙酯;丁酸α,α-二甲基苯基乙酯;醋酸肉桂酯;异丁酸2-苯氧基乙酯;乙酸4-甲氧基苄酯;
-芳脂族醚,例如2-苯乙基甲基醚;2-苯乙基异戊基醚;2-苯乙基1-乙氧基乙基醚;苯乙醛二甲缩醛;苯乙醛二乙缩醛;氢化阿托醛二甲缩醛(hydratropaaldehyde dimethylacetal);苯乙醛甘油缩醛;2,4,6-三甲基-4-苯基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷;4,4a,5,9b-四氢茚并[1,2-d]-m-二噁烯;4,4a,5,9b-四氢-2,4-二甲基茚并[1,2-d]-m-二噁烯;
-芳族和芳脂族醛,例如苯甲醛;苯基乙醛;3-苯基丙醛;氢化阿托醛(hydratropaaldehyde);4-甲基苯甲醛;4-甲基苯基乙醛;3-(4-乙基苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙醛;2-甲基-3-(4-异丙基苯基)丙醛;2-甲基-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)丙醛;2-甲基-3-(4-异丁基苯基)丙醛;3-(4-叔丁基苯基)丙醛;肉桂醛;α-丁基肉桂醛;α-戊基肉桂醛;α-己基肉桂醛;3-甲基-5-苯基戊醛;4-甲氧基苯甲醛;4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛;4-羟基-3-乙氧基苯甲醛;3,4-亚甲二氧基苯甲醛;3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛;2-甲基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙醛;2-甲基-3-(4-亚甲二氧基苯基)丙醛;
-芳族和芳脂族酮,例如苯乙酮;4-甲基苯乙酮;4-甲氧基苯乙酮;4-叔丁基-2,6-二甲基苯乙酮;4-苯基-2-丁酮;4-(4-羟苯基)-2-丁酮;1-(2-萘基)乙酮;2-苯并呋喃基乙酮;(3-甲基-2-苯并呋喃基)乙酮;二苯甲酮;1,1,2,3,3,6-六甲基-5-茚满基甲基酮;6-叔丁基-1,1-二甲基-4-茚满基甲基酮;1-[2,3-二氢-1,1,2,6-四甲基-3-(1-甲基乙基)-1H-5-茚基]乙酮;5′,6′,7′,8′-四氢-3′,5′,5′,6′,8′,8′-六甲基-2-萘乙酮;
-芳族和芳脂族羧酸及其酯,例如苯甲酸;苯乙酸;苯甲酸甲酯;苯甲酸乙酯;苯甲酸己酯;苯甲酸苄酯;苯乙酸甲酯;苯乙酸乙酯;苯乙酸香叶酯;苯乙酸苯乙酯;肉桂酸甲酯;肉桂酸乙酯;肉桂酸苄酯;肉桂酸苯乙酯;肉桂酸肉桂酯;苯氧基乙酸烯丙酯;水杨酸甲酯;水杨酸异戊酯;水杨酸己酯;水杨酸环己酯;顺式-水杨酸-3-己烯酯;水杨酸苄酯;水杨酸苯乙酯;2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯;3-苯基缩水甘油酸乙酯;3-甲基-3-苯基缩水甘油酸乙酯;
-含氮芳族化合物,例如2,4,6-三硝基-1,3-二甲基-5-叔丁基苯;3,5-二硝基-2,6-二甲基-4-叔丁基苯乙酮;肉桂腈;3-甲基-5-苯基-2-戊腈;3-甲基-5-苯基戊腈;邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯;N-甲基邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯;邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯与7-羟基-3,7-二甲基辛醛的席夫碱、2-甲基-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)丙醛或2,4-二甲基-3-环己烯甲醛;6-异丙基喹啉;6-异丁基喹啉;6-仲丁基喹啉;2-(3-苯基丙基)吡啶;吲哚;粪臭素;2-甲氧基-3-异丙基吡嗪;2-异丁基-3-甲氧基吡嗪;
-酚、苯基醚和苯基酯,例如草蒿脑;茴香脑;丁子香酚;丁子香基甲基醚;异丁子香酚;异丁子香基甲基醚;百里香酚;香芹酚;二苯基醚;β-萘基甲基醚;β-萘基乙基醚;β-萘基异丁基醚;1,4-二甲氧基苯;乙酸丁香酚酯;2-甲氧基-4-甲基酚;2-乙氧基-5-(1-丙烯基)酚;苯乙酸对甲苯酚酯;
-杂环化合物,例如2,5-二甲基-4-羟基-2H-呋喃-3-酮;2-乙基-4-羟基-5-甲基-2H-呋喃-3-酮;3-羟基-2-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮;2-乙基-3-羟基-4H-吡喃-4-酮;
-内酯,例如1,4-辛内酯(octanolide);3-甲基-1,4-辛内酯;1,4-壬内酯;1,4-癸内酯;8-癸-1,4-内酯;1,4-十一内酯;1,4-十二内酯;1,5-癸内酯;1,5-十二内酯;4-甲基-1,4-癸内酯;1,15-十五内酯;顺式-和反式-11-十五烯-1,15-内酯;顺式-和反式-12-十五烯-1,15-内酯;1,16-十六内酯;9-十六烯-1,16-内酯;10-氧杂-1,16-十六内酯;11-氧杂-1,16-十六内酯;12-氧杂-1,16-十六内酯;1,12-十二烷二酸乙二醇酯;1,13-十三烷二酸乙二醇酯;香豆素;2,3-二氢香豆素;八氢香豆素。
此外,合适的气味剂是如WO 2016/050836中描述的大环甲醛化合物。
特别优选的是L-薄荷醇和/或DL-薄荷醇、L-薄荷酮、L-乙酸薄荷酯或L-异蒲勒醇的混合物,它们作为所谓的合成薄荷素油(dementholized oils)(DMOs)的类似物或替代物备受追捧。这些薄荷味组合物的混合物优选以L-薄荷醇或DL-薄荷醇20-40重量%、L-薄荷酮20-40%和L-乙酸薄荷酯0-20%的比率,或以20-40重量%、L-薄荷酮20-40%和L-异蒲勒醇0-20%的比率使用。
上述气味剂化合物和气味剂化合物的混合物可以就这样使用或在本身不是气味剂的溶剂中使用。用于气味剂化合物的典型溶剂尤其是具有高于150℃的在标准压力下的沸点并且不溶解有机聚合物的那些,例如二醇,如丙二醇和二丙二醇,C8-C22脂肪酸C1-C10-烷基酯,如肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,二-C6-C10-烷基醚,例如二癸基醚(来自BASF SE的OE),脂族、芳族或脂环族二-或三羧酸的二-C1-C10-烷基酯,例如邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯,如邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯及其混合物,六氢邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯,例如环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二甲酯、环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二乙酯和1,2-环己烷二甲酸二异壬基酯和己二酸二烷基酯,如己二酸二丁酯(例如来自BASF SE的B),C8-C22脂肪酸甘油三酯,例如植物油或化妆品油,如辛酰基/癸酰基甘油三酯(例如来自BASF SE的商品318)、二甲亚砜和白油。
本发明还涉及一种用于气味剂组合物的受控释放的装置,其中所述装置包含用于接收气味剂组合物的容器,其中所述容器具有被本文所述的蒸发阻滞膜覆盖的开口。这种装置也被称为“分配器”。
本发明的装置通常是用于被动释放气味剂组合物的装置,这意味着气味剂组合物的释放完全通过气味剂化合物穿过蒸发阻滞膜的扩散实现。
除了已知装置的膜被蒸发阻滞膜替代的事实外,本发明的装置通常类似于用于释放气味剂组合物的已知分配器,其具有用于接收气味剂组合物的容器和覆盖并由此封闭容器开口的膜。可通过用本发明的蒸发阻滞膜替代常规膜而修改的已知分配器的合适类型是例如DE 4205975、EP 489269、US 4,161,283、EP 1340513、EP 1728524、EP 1770870、WO 03/033039中描述的那些。特别地,该分配器是空气清新器。
例如,本发明的分配器可以是简单小袋,其中该小袋的壁材料完全或部分是本发明的蒸发阻滞膜。该小袋也充当用于接收气味剂组合物的容器。本发明的分配器也可以是由两个或更多个互连的箔形成的小袋,其中箔之一是本发明的蒸发阻滞膜。这些箔通常焊接或胶粘在一起以形成小袋或扁平分配器(flat dispenser)。
本发明的分配器也可由(a)深拉塑料薄膜(deep-drawn plastic film)和(b)本发明的蒸发阻滞膜(evaporation retardant membrane)形成,(a)深拉塑料薄膜由热塑性薄膜材料制成并具有至少一个被设计为例如形成用于接收气味剂组合物的容器的区位(zone),(b)本发明的蒸发阻滞膜与深拉塑料薄膜连接以形成包含气味剂组合物的经久密封的腔室。
为了实现尽可能均匀的释放特性,所述至少一个区位的底部优选被设计为形成基本平行于该膜(membrane)的皿(dish)。基本平行意味着被设计为例如形成皿的区位的底面积的至少70%平行于该膜(membrane)布置或与平面薄膜(planar film)形成小于10°的角。
此外,已证实有利的是,被设计为例如形成皿的区位的深度达到至少0.2毫米,特别是至少0.4毫米,通常不超过20毫米,特别是10毫米。在本文中,深度被理解为是指皿的底部面积(bottom area)与通过皿的边缘预先确定的平面(它们相对于彼此基本上平面平行)的距离。被设计为例如形成皿的区位通常具有2至50cm2的面积。
分配器的基本形状通常是矩形的,有可能具有圆角。但是,原则上,椭圆形、圆形、三角形、梯形、菱形或具有多于4条边的多边形实施方案也是可能的。优选地,分配器的基本形状具有在1至20厘米的范围内,特别是在1.5至10厘米的范围内的特征尺寸(例如边长、直径等)。在具有矩形基本形状的分配器的情况下,矩形的一条边的尺寸通常在2到20厘米的范围内,特别是在2.5至10厘米的范围内,与其垂直的边的尺寸在1至15厘米的范围内,特别是在1.5至8厘米的范围内。
分配器还可在该区位中具有凹槽(recess),在此连接该膜和深拉薄膜。这种凹槽通常具有环形、椭圆形或多边形区域(area),其边缘由深拉薄膜的薄膜材料和该膜(themembrane)形成。该凹槽还可带有凹痕(indentations)或凸起(bulges)以确保更好的紧固。连同穿过凹槽区域的中心的直线一起,该凹槽的长度(extent)通常不小于3毫米,优选不超过2厘米。该凹槽通常具有1至3cm2的面积。这种凹槽用于连接该分配器。该凹槽优选为椭圆形或圆形,并可另外带有凹痕(indentations)或凸起(bulges)以确保更好的紧固。
通常,该深拉膜对气味剂组分的可透性为蒸发阻滞膜的最多1/10。
该深拉膜可由任何热塑性可加工塑料材料组成。适用于该深拉膜的塑料材料的实例是C2-C6-烯烃的均聚物和共聚物,特别是乙烯的均聚物或共聚物,还有聚酯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、尼龙、上述聚合物的共挤出物和上述聚合物的层压材料。通常,该深拉塑料膜的厚度在0.05至0.5毫米的范围内,特别是在0.1至0.4毫米的范围内。
深拉膜可包含少量常规用于这些聚合物的稳定剂,例如防止或减少塑料材料的老化的抗氧化剂。这样的稳定剂可能以最多1重量%的量存在于聚合物中。此外,膜材料还可能包含常规量的加工助剂,例如防粘连剂和润滑剂,例如芥酸酰胺或油酸酰胺。这些物质对该分配器的性质没有任何不良影响。
上述分配器可容易地如下制备i)提供由热塑性聚合物材料制成的深拉塑料薄膜,ii)用所需气味剂组合物填充被设计为例如形成皿的区域,和iii)通过将蒸发阻滞膜与深拉塑料薄膜连接而用蒸发阻滞膜密封已填充的被设计为例如形成皿的区域。
为此,通常在第一步骤i)中借助在加热下和任选在施加超大气压或低于一大气压的常规深拉法在适合深拉的可热塑性加工的塑料薄膜(深拉薄膜)中以分配器所需的形状形成一个或多个皿形区位(凹坑)。在这样做时,通常在深拉薄膜中形成多个,例如2至100,特别是4至20个分配器所需的皿形区位。这样的方法是技术人员已知的,例如来自Saechtling,Kunststoff-Taschenbuch,第26版,Carl Hanser Verlag,Munich Vienna1995,第297-305页和G.Kühne in Kunststoff Maschinenführer(Johannaber编辑),第3版,Carl Hanser Verlag,Munich Vienna 1992,第618-634页。
此后,在步骤ii)中用气味剂组合物填充由此形成的皿形区位,通常选择气味剂组合物的量以使其对应于所需填充水平。
在步骤iii)中,用蒸发阻滞膜密封已填充的区位。为此,通常将蒸发阻滞膜施加到深拉薄膜上以使蒸发阻滞膜覆盖已填充的区位并随后将其永久固定,以使已填充的区位被经久密封。通常,通过焊接法或密封法实现固定,其中将在深拉薄膜上的蒸发阻滞膜经久粘合或密封到深拉薄膜上。原则上也可能将蒸发阻滞膜与深拉薄膜粘合在一起。这样的方法是技术人员已知的,例如来自Saechtling,Kunststoff-Taschenbuch,第26版,Carl HanserVerlag,Munich Vienna 1995,第305-325页和G.Kühne in Kunststoff Maschinenführer(Johannaber编辑),第3版,Carl Hanser Verlag,Munich Vienna 1992,第747-810页。
如果通过密封法将蒸发阻滞膜连接到深拉薄膜,深拉薄膜的薄膜材料必须可用蒸发阻滞膜的材料密封。因此,任选地,深拉薄膜可能必须具有可密封涂层,其可密封到蒸发阻滞膜的材料上。可密封层是技术人员公知的并包括烯烃的低分子量均聚物或共聚物,例如如WO 2007/012621中描述的PE蜡。如果存在,可密封层的厚度通常达到5至100μm,特别是10至80μm,尤其是15至50μm。
为了避免在储存过程中的气味剂物质的损失,分配器可另外包含完全覆盖蒸发阻滞膜并可剥离地附着于其上的保护层。该保护层对气味剂组合物的组分是不可透的,因此仅在保护层已从阻滞膜上剥离后才释放气味剂组合物的组分。保护层通常是塑料箔,例如聚酰胺箔或聚乙烯醇箔、金属箔或镀金属塑料箔。
以下实施例意在例示本发明。
1)缩写
pphm相对于每100重量份单体计的重量份
VP(25℃)在25℃下的蒸气压
Log POW在水和1-辛醇之间的分配系数的十进对数
2)本发明的蒸发阻滞膜的制备
原材料:
i.常规未涂布纸80g/m2
ii.聚合物分散体1:
根据WO 2013/083502的实施例4中所述通过55pphm丙烯酸乙酯、44pphm甲基丙烯酸甲酯和1pphm丙烯酸在30pphm降解淀粉和2pphm阴离子型乳化剂存在下的乳液聚合制备的47重量%水性聚合物分散体。
iii.聚合物分散体2:
9份通过65pphm苯乙烯、30pphm丁二烯、3.5pphm丙烯酸和1.5pphm丙烯酰胺在阴离子型乳化剂存在下的乳液聚合制备的50重量%水性聚合物分散体和1份50重量%非离子稳定化的水性石蜡乳液的混合物。
制备程序:
在实施例1和2的情况下通过柔性版印刷或在对比例C1的情况下通过棒涂布将这两种聚合物分散体各自印刷在未涂布纸的一半上。如表2中给出,涂层厚度为5g/m2、10g/m2或15g/m2。覆盖率为30%、50%、70%和100%并列在表2中。未涂布纸用作进一步对比例C2。
表2:
3)本发明的蒸发阻滞膜的试验
根据Diehl,H.Pfeiffer,A.-M,Seyffer H.,(2014),New testing method forfunctional barriers,International Paperworld IPW 8-11描述的方法进行该试验。所有试验在气候室中在23℃和50%湿度下进行。
为此,从涂有相应涂层的纸上切割圆形试样。将试样放置在蒸发池的支座中。将规定量的各自挥发性化合物填充到蒸发池的腔室中,并用支座封闭腔室,此后立即称重,精确到0.1mg。封闭的蒸发池在1小时、4小时、1天和2天后重新称重。由这些数据计算每天和每平方米的重量损失[g/(m2d)]。
以下挥发性化合物用于测试本发明的蒸发阻滞膜的阻隔性质:
表3:
VP(25℃)[毫巴] | Log P<sub>OW</sub> | |
正庚烷 | 61 | 4.8 |
苧烯 | 2 | 4.6 |
正己烷 | 201 | 3.9 |
香茅醛 | 0.5 | 3.8 |
乙酸异戊酯 | 5 | 2.5 |
己醛 | 15 | 1.9 |
乙酸异丁酯 | 20 | 1.8 |
乙酸乙酯 | 7 | 0.9 |
在下表4至7中给出各纸的结果。
表4:挥发性化合物经过纸1的各自涂层的重量损失
表5:挥发性化合物经过纸2的各自涂层的重量损失
表6:挥发性化合物经过纸V1的各自涂层的重量损失
表7:挥发性化合物经过未涂布纸V2的重量损失
无涂层 | |
[g/(m<sup>2</sup>d)] | |
正庚烷 | 4500 |
苧烯 | 1750 |
正己烷 | >4000 |
香茅醛 | 950 |
乙酸异戊酯 | 2100 |
己醛 | 3750 |
乙酸异丁酯 | 3500 |
乙酸乙酯 | 2450 |
数据清楚表明,该涂层对所有测试的挥发性化合物提供蒸发阻滞效果。数据还表明,蒸发阻滞效果取决于该涂层的覆盖率和极性。
Claims (15)
1.包含片状载体和布置在片状载体的至少一个表面上的至少一个聚合物涂层的片材作为气味剂组合物的蒸发阻滞膜的用途,
其中所述片状载体为芳香剂可透的并且其中在所述片状载体的至少一个表面上,至少一个聚合物涂层仅布置在所述片状载体的表面的一部分上,以致所有聚合物涂层对所述表面的总覆盖率为10至90%,并且所述表面的每1/4平方厘米在至少10%的程度上被聚合物涂层覆盖。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中所述片状载体的所述表面的每1/4平方厘米在10至90%的程度上被聚合物涂层覆盖。
3.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中所述聚合物涂层作为点或点划线或作为一个或多个网格或其组合布置在片状载体的表面上。
4.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中至少两个不同的聚合物涂层布置在片状载体的一个表面上,以使各自的聚合物涂层对该表面的覆盖率为5至85%,其中这两个聚合物涂层的聚合物特别在它们的极性和/或它们的玻璃化转变温度上彼此不同。
5.权利要求4的用途,其中不同的涂层布置在片状载体的该表面的不同区域上,并且其中各自的聚合物涂层对片状载体的该表面的各自区域的总覆盖率特别为10至90%。
6.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中所述聚合物涂层的总厚度在1至50μm的范围内。
7.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中所述聚合物涂层可通过将含有聚合物粘合剂的水性聚合物组合物以水性聚合物分散体的形式施加到片状载体的表面上获得。
8.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中所述聚合物涂层的聚合物选自丙烯酸酯聚合物。
9.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中所述片状载体是纸或纸板。
10.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中通过印刷将所述水性聚合物组合物施加到片状载体的表面上。
11.前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中所述气味剂组合物包含至少两种不同的气味剂化合物,其中所述不同的气味剂化合物具有不同的极性和/或不同的蒸气压。
12.一种用于气味剂组合物的受控释放的装置,特别是空气清新器,其中所述装置包含用于接收气味剂组合物的容器,其中所述容器具有被膜覆盖的开口,所述膜是权利要求1至10任一项中所述的蒸发阻滞膜。
13.权利要求12的装置,其另外包含完全覆盖蒸发阻滞膜并可剥离地附着于其上的保护层。
14.权利要求12或13任一项的装置,其中包含在所述容器中的气味剂组合物包含至少两种不同的气味剂化合物,它们具有不同的极性和/或不同的蒸气压。
15.权利要求12至14任一项的装置用于气味剂组合物的受控释放的用途,所述气味剂组合物包含至少两种具有不同的极性和/或不同的蒸气压的不同气味剂化合物。
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