CN114992987A - Grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device and operation method - Google Patents
Grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114992987A CN114992987A CN202210818858.3A CN202210818858A CN114992987A CN 114992987 A CN114992987 A CN 114992987A CN 202210818858 A CN202210818858 A CN 202210818858A CN 114992987 A CN114992987 A CN 114992987A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
- F26B25/007—Dust filtering; Exhaust dust filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/06—Grains, e.g. cereals, wheat, rice, corn
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/08—Granular materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device comprises: drying chamber, radio frequency heating system and through-air drying system, radio frequency heating system is used for the radio frequency heating, through-air drying system is used for leading to hot air heating drying or warm wind cooling drying usually, drying device still includes automatic control system, automatic control system includes host computer, optical fiber sensor, moisture sensor, temperature and humidity sensor. The invention utilizes the adaptability of radio frequency heating to reduce the requirement on the nonuniformity of the initial water content of the material; the device can fully combine the advantages of two heating modes of radio frequency and hot air according to the characteristics of materials, fully utilize the functions of drying and cooling by the normal-temperature air, and has great advantages in the aspects of improving the energy utilization rate and reducing carbon emission; the problems of low drying speed, poor quality and the like of the grain and oil with the shell or large scale are solved, the drying time can be obviously shortened under the optimized process condition, the industrial productivity is improved, and the good quality is kept.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of grain and oil drying, and particularly relates to a grain and oil radio-frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device and an operation method.
Background
The total yield of Chinese grains in 2021 years is 13657 billion jin, the yield of grains in the whole year is innovative and high, and the yield is kept to be more than 1.3 trillion jin for 7 years continuously. However, the loss rate of the grains after production in China is still high, and particularly, the mildew loss caused by the fact that the grains cannot be dried timely, efficiently and high in quality after being harvested is serious. At present, hot air drying is the main mode of grain and oil mechanized drying, however, the hot air drying material has serious non-uniformity, and the drying rates of the materials at different positions are not consistent. The surface of grain and oil particles can only be heated through hot air convection, and the interior of the material is slowly heated, so that the temperature gradient and the moisture diffusion gradient of the grain and oil particles are opposite, the drying process is slow, and the drying time is long. In addition, in recent years, China pays more attention to the problems of environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, and particularly, under the background of definitely implementing important strategic decisions of carbon peak reaching, carbon neutralization and the like in China, the use of fossil energy such as coal and the like is strictly limited, so that a mainstream coal-fired hot air drying device is in a trouble of being difficult to use organically, and the development of mechanical drying after grain production is further restricted.
The radio frequency is electromagnetic wave with the wavelength of 3 kHz-300 MHz, can directly penetrate into the material to cause the oscillation migration of polar molecules and charged ions in the material, and can rub with each other to convert electric energy into heat energy, namely the radio frequency has volume heating effect, can heat the inside and the outside of the heated material simultaneously, and is different from the traditional heating mode of hot air drying from outside to inside. Radio frequency heating has been widely applied in industries such as wood drying, and the like, and good effects are achieved, and in recent years, the application of the radio frequency heating in the fields of food and agricultural product sterilization, insect killing, drying and the like is more and more concerned.
Chinese patent CN103968646A discloses a method for drying and mildew-proofing ultrahigh-moisture grain by radio frequency and microwave, which mainly utilizes high-frequency alternating current magnetic waves excited by radio frequency and microwave to penetrate into the grain material to cause the oscillation and migration of charged particles in the material, converts electric energy into heat energy to dry the interior of the grain material, and simultaneously utilizes the interaction between the radio frequency and the microwave and organisms and basic unit cells formed by the organisms to inhibit the change and reaction of the physiological activities of the cells of mould spore organisms. However, the working process of the patent can be roughly divided into hot air drying, radio frequency drying, microwave drying, tempering or forced air drying, wherein the radio frequency and microwave combined drying action time is 30-300 s, and auxiliary hot air is not used in the radio frequency and microwave action, so that the radio frequency and microwave action in the patent is mainly mildewproof, the drying action is limited, and the proportion of the radio frequency and microwave action in the whole drying process is very small; the claim 10 and the specification point out that the radio frequency heating system adopted by the patent is a parallel plate capacitor consisting of an upper polar plate and a lower polar plate, namely, the parallel plate capacitor is in a horizontal electrode plate form, and the parallel plate capacitor is suitable for the drying requirements of agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables and the like, but is difficult to meet the technological requirements of large-scale grain drying treatment; the method for preventing mildew and drying of ultrahigh moisture grain by radio frequency and microwave as claimed in claim 9 and specification is characterized by that in the conventional hot-air drying process a radio frequency and microwave heating stage is added, the radio frequency system and microwave system are placed on the initial feeding end of grain depot lifting conveyer belt or on the grain drying equipment, the former means that the independent radio frequency system and microwave system are adopted, and the latter means that the radio frequency-microwave-drying equipment integrated machine form is adopted, if the former means that the quantity of equipment of grain postnatal drying system is obviously increased, and the latter means that the radio frequency system or microwave system respectively has its own independent radio frequency generator and electrode plate or microwave generator and microwave cavity, then they are blended into drying chamber, so that the structure complexity and feasibility of drying equipment are obviously increased, and said patent does not give out correspondent equipment structure form. In conclusion, the patent only shows a general method for preventing the grains with ultrahigh moisture from mildewing in drying, but not an effective drying method or equipment for reducing the moisture of the grains.
Chinese patent CN205305480U discloses a processing apparatus for fresh grains, which performs a first drying process by a pre-drying apparatus (mainly a drum drying apparatus and a radio frequency auxiliary drying apparatus), and then further dries in a drying tower to realize a staged drying process. The process flow and the matched equipment for pre-drying, threshing and final drying of the drying tower of the fresh corn cob roller drying device and the radio frequency auxiliary drying device are actually provided, and the process flow is different from the traditional process for final drying of corn particles, meets the moisture requirement on the fresh corn cobs during threshing, and cannot damage corn germ parts. However, the patent can not solve the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, high discharge, non-uniformity in drying and the like of the corn particle drying.
Even if the two patents are combined, namely radio frequency mildew resistance and radio frequency auxiliary drying of the fresh corn cobs, only stage radio frequency-hot air drying can be performed, grain (corn and the like) particles can not be simultaneously dried by radio frequency and hot air in the true sense, the drying speed of the grain particles is not improved, the energy consumption is not reduced, and the phenomenon of uneven drying still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a grain and oil radio-frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device and an operation method, which mainly utilize the volume heating and moisture content self-balancing effects of radio frequency to ensure that grain and oil particles are uniformly heated in the whole material pile at the same time, and the grain and oil particles with higher moisture content can absorb more radio frequency energy, so that the grain and oil drying temperature is consistent with the moisture gradient direction, and the diffused moisture is taken out of the drying device under the convection action of hot air (normal temperature air), so that the grain and oil drying is efficiently dried, the emission is reduced, the grain and oil drying and heating time is shortened, the grain and oil drying quality is improved, the sterilization and insecticidal (egg) effects are realized, and the later-stage storage is facilitated.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device comprises: the drying system comprises a drying bin, a radio frequency heating system and a ventilation drying system, wherein the radio frequency heating system is used for radio frequency heating and comprises a radio frequency generator positioned outside the drying bin, and the radio frequency generator is used for radio frequency heating of grain and oil inside the drying bin; the ventilation drying system is used for heating and drying by introducing hot air or cooling and drying by common warm air and comprises a centrifugal fan, an electric heater and an air inlet pipe, wherein when the hot air is introduced for heating, the centrifugal fan blows air and is heated by the electric heater, and then the hot air is blown into a drying bin by the air inlet pipe; when the air is cooled and dried by normal warm air, the electric heater is turned off; the drying device also comprises an automatic control system, wherein the automatic control system comprises an upper computer, an optical fiber sensor, a moisture sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor; the upper computer is communicated with the radio frequency generator, the centrifugal fan, the electric heater, the optical fiber sensor, the moisture sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor through leads; the optical fiber sensor is positioned in a material pile between the positive plate and the negative plate, the moisture sensor is positioned in a grain pile at the conical bottom of the drying device, and the temperature and humidity sensor is positioned above the centrifugal fan within a range less than 2 m.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the drying device also comprises a drying device bracket, a grain and oil circulating system and a dust removing system.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drying chamber is disposed above the drying device support, and the radio frequency heating system, the ventilation drying system, and the dust removing system are all communicated with the inside of the drying chamber.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grain and oil circulation system and the automatic control system are disposed at one side of the drying bin.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rf heating system further includes an anode electrode plate, a grid electrode plate, a grain and oil-air distribution assembly, a top cover of the drying device, a conical bottom of the drying device, a first support rod, and an isolation pad.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radio frequency generator is communicated with the anode electrode plate through an outer anode copper bar lead and an inner anode copper bar lead, the outer anode copper bar lead and the inner anode copper bar lead are movably connected at a sixth flange plate of the air inlet pipe; the bottom end of the anode electrode plate is provided with a third flange plate and a second spoiler, the upper end of the anode electrode plate is movably connected with the grain oil-air flow distribution combination through an isolation base plate, and the grain oil-air flow distribution combination is movably connected with the grid electrode plate through a first support rod and a first support rod base combination; the grid electrode plate and the anode electrode plate jointly form a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate of the radio frequency heating system, the grid electrode plate is grounded, and the grid electrode plate is respectively connected with the top cover of the drying device and the conical bottom of the drying device and is connected with the dust hood.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the forced air drying system further includes an airflow guiding chamber and a second supporting rod.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the centrifugal fan is connected to the air inlet pipe by a flange, and the generated air flow passes through the electric heater and then enters the air flow guiding chamber through the air inlet pipe; the air inlet pipe penetrates through the conical bottom of the drying device and is connected with the airflow diversion chamber through the first flange plate and the second flange plate, the airflow diversion chamber is fixed under the support of the second support rod and the second support rod base combination and is connected with the anode electrode plate through the third flange plate and the fourth flange plate; the second support rod base combination and the drying device cone bottom are welded together, and a reinforcing plate is arranged at the outer side position of the drying device cone bottom corresponding to the second support rod base combination.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grain and oil circulating system includes an electric grain discharging device, a second grain flow pipe, a bucket elevator, and a first grain flow pipe.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric grain discharging device is configured to control the dried grain to flow to the second grain flow pipe or the grain discharging opening, and after the grain entering the second grain flow pipe is lifted by the bucket elevator, the grain enters the tempering section of the drying device from the first grain flow pipe, and then enters between the anode electrode plate and the gate electrode plate, and the drying stage is started.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bucket elevator and the electric grain discharge device are connected to an upper computer through a wire.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dust removal system comprises a dust hood and a cyclone dust collector.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dust hood is a closed cavity disposed at the periphery of the gate electrode plate, and is connected to the cyclone dust collector through a seventh flange plate and an eighth flange plate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the anode electrode plate and the gate electrode plate is 0.2 to 1.5m, both of which are perforated circular ring plates, and the holes are elongated holes with a width of 1 to 5 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the section of the spacer is a groove-shaped ring body, and the material of the groove-shaped ring body is an insulating material.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grain and oil-gas flow distribution combination comprises a flowing grain stack top cover, a circular hanging ring and an air flow distribution spherical bottom cover.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third flange plate, the second spoiler, the anode electrode plate, and the air flow splitting spherical bottom cover of the grain and oil-air flow distribution combination of the air flow guiding chamber and the anode plate combination together play a role in uniformly distributing the air speed.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second support bar is an adjustable structure with a support plate, and is used for fixing and adjusting the position of the airflow diversion chamber; the first support rod is provided with a threaded hook structure and is used for fixing and adjusting the position of the grain and oil-air flow distribution combination.
An operation method of a grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device is used for operating the grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device;
the operating method comprises the following steps:
step 1) treatment of raw materials: removing impurities and metals from the raw materials, wherein the impurity content of the obtained material is less than or equal to 2 percent, and the obtained material does not contain metals;
step 2) radio frequency drying: feeding the material obtained in the step 1) into a drying device, detecting the moisture content and the temperature and humidity of the material by an automatic control system, and starting a radio frequency heating system for radio frequency heating;
step 3), radio frequency hot air combined drying: when the temperature of the material obtained in the step 2) is raised to a preset temperature, starting a ventilation drying system to simultaneously carry out radio frequency heating and hot air heating;
and step 4) drying by normal temperature air: when the water content of the material obtained in the step 3) is reduced to be 1-2% higher than the target water content, closing electric heaters of a radio frequency heating system and a ventilation drying system, and drying by using warm air generally;
step 5) water content judgment: when the water content of the material obtained in the step 4) reaches the target water content, performing next temperature judgment; when the water content of the material in the step 4) does not reach the target water content, feeding the material into the drying device again through the grain and oil circulating system, and repeating the operation until the material reaches the target water content;
step 6) temperature judgment: when the temperature of the material obtained in the step 5) is less than 20 ℃ or not higher than 8 ℃ of the atmospheric temperature, discharging the material, otherwise, continuing cooling by normal warm air.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preset temperature of the rf heating material in step 3) is related to the material, and the ratio of the rf heating material to the material is: is less than 60 ℃; wheat: 40-50 ℃; rice: 38-40 ℃; soybean: 30-35 ℃; rapeseed: 60-70 ℃; oil tea seeds: 55-70 ℃.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the hot air heated by the ventilation drying system in step 3) is lower than the preset temperature of the radio frequency heating material.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the target moisture content of the material in the step 5) is related to the type of the material, and for the moisture content of the safe storage in the area, the moisture content of the corn: 13% -14%; wheat: 12% -13%; rice: 13.5% -14.5%; soybean: 12% -13%; rapeseed: 8% -9%; oil tea seeds: 8% -10%.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the material is dried in the above step, the dust and the impurity in the exhaust gas are separated and collected by a dust removal system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention fully utilizes the advantages of radio frequency and hot air heating modes and the functions of normal-temperature air drying and cooling, optimizes and provides the fusion structure form of a radio frequency heating system and a hot air drying tower, realizes the real simultaneous drying of radio frequency and hot air, improves the drying efficiency of grain and oil, improves the drying uniformity and reduces the carbon emission; compared with a radio frequency horizontal electrode plate structure, the invention fully combines the structural advantages of the traditional drying tower for processing grain drying in large batch, creatively fuses radio frequency heating inner and outer circular ring electrode plates (anode electrode plates and grid electrode plates), realizes automatic and large-batch circulation or continuous drying of grain, and is suitable for the actual requirements of large grain yield and large processing capacity; compared with the radio frequency auxiliary drying of the fresh corn cobs, the radio frequency hot air drying is directly carried out on the grain particles, the precise, efficient and high-quality drying is realized, the waste of a large amount of energy on the drying of the corncobs when the fresh corn cobs are dried is avoided, and besides the existence of partial mechanized ear harvesting of corn, the mechanized grain harvesting of the grain oil such as wheat, rice, soybean and the like is realized, so that the radio frequency hot air drying device has excellent beneficial effects in the fields of grain oil grain drying and the like except for the special requirements of corn ear harvesting and corn seed drying processing;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the self-adaptability of radio frequency heating, has no strict limitation on the nonuniformity of the initial water content of the dried material, and improves the applicability of the drying device;
(2) the invention can fully combine the advantages of radio frequency and hot air heating modes according to the characteristics of materials, fully utilize the functions of normal temperature air drying and cooling, and have unique advantages in the aspects of improving the energy utilization rate and reducing carbon emission;
(3) the invention solves the problems of low drying speed, poor quality and the like of shelled or large-scale grain and oil, can obviously shorten the drying time, improve the industrial productivity and maintain good quality under the optimized process conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the drying apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side schematic view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a separator pad of the drying apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the configuration of the grain and oil-air distribution assembly of the drying apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an anode plate assembly of the drying apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second support rod of the drying apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a side schematic view of a second support bar of the drying appliance of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of a first support bar of the drying apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a process flow diagram of the method of operation of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a drying device bracket; 2. a bucket elevator; 3. a first grain conveying pipe; 4. a drying device top cover; 5. a gate electrode plate; 6. a dust hood; 7. a grain oil-gas flow distribution combination; 8. isolating the base plate; 9. a first support bar; 10. a first support rod base combination; 11. an anode electrode plate; 12. an airflow diversion chamber; 13. a first flange plate; 14. a second flange plate; 15. an optical fiber sensor; 16. a third flange plate; 17. a fourth flange plate; 18. a second support bar; 19. the second supporting rod base is combined; 20 inner anode copper bar lead; 21. an electric heater; 22. a centrifugal fan; 23. an upper computer; 24. a wire; 25. a radio frequency generator; 26. an outer anode copper bar lead; 27. a fifth flange plate; 28. a gasket; 29. a sixth flange plate; 30. an air inlet pipe; 31. a grain discharging port; 32. an electric grain discharging device; 33. a conical bottom of the drying device; 34. a moisture sensor; 35. a second grain conveying pipe; 36. a reinforcing plate; 37. a cyclone dust collector; 38. a seventh flange plate; 39. an eighth flange plate; 40. a temperature and humidity sensor; 41. a flow grain stack top cover; 42. a circular hanging ring; 43. a gas diversion spherical bottom cover; 44. combining an anode plate; 45. a second spoiler; 46. a support plate; 47. a first threaded rod; 48. an internal threaded barrel; 49. a second threaded rod; 50. a circular ring support; 51. a strip hole; 52. a threaded hook.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.
Fig. 1 and 2 are respectively an overall structural schematic diagram and a side schematic diagram of the drying device of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device of grain and oil of the present invention comprises a drying bin, a radio frequency heating system and a ventilation drying system, wherein the radio frequency heating system is used for radio frequency heating and comprises a radio frequency generator 25 located outside the drying bin, and the grain and oil inside the drying bin is subjected to radio frequency heating through the radio frequency generator 25.
The ventilation drying system is used for heating and drying by introducing hot air or cooling and drying by common warm air, and comprises a centrifugal fan 22, an electric heater 21 and an air inlet pipe 30, when the hot air is introduced for heating, the centrifugal fan 22 blows air and is heated by the electric heater 21, and then the hot air is blown into a drying bin by the air inlet pipe 30; when the normal warm air is cooled and dried, the electric heater 21 is turned off.
The drying device further comprises an automatic control system, wherein the automatic control system comprises an upper computer 23, an optical fiber sensor 15, a moisture sensor 34 and a temperature and humidity sensor 40; the upper computer 23 is communicated with a radio frequency generator 25, a centrifugal fan 22, an electric heater 21, an optical fiber sensor 15, a moisture sensor 34 and a temperature and humidity sensor 40 through a lead 24; the optical fiber sensor 15 is positioned in the material pile between the positive plate and the negative plate, the moisture sensor 34 is positioned in the grain pile at the conical bottom 33 of the drying device, and the temperature and humidity sensor 40 is positioned above the centrifugal fan 22 within a range of less than 2 m.
The drying device also comprises a drying device bracket 1, a grain and oil circulating system and a dust removing system.
The drying bin is arranged above the drying device bracket 1, and the radio frequency heating system, the ventilation drying system and the dust removal system are all communicated with the inside of the drying bin; the grain and oil circulating system and the automatic control system are arranged on one side of the drying bin.
The radio frequency heating system also comprises an anode electrode plate 11, a grid electrode plate 5, a grain and oil-air flow distribution combination 7, a drying device top cover 4, a drying device conical bottom 33, a first supporting rod 9 and an isolation base plate 8.
The radio frequency generator 25 is communicated with the anode electrode plate 11 through an outer anode copper bar lead 26 and an inner anode copper bar lead 20, the surface of the outer anode copper bar lead 26 is subjected to insulation treatment, and the surface of the outer anode copper bar lead is movably connected with the inner anode copper bar lead 20 at a sixth flange plate 29 of the air inlet pipe 30.
The bottom end of the anode electrode plate 11 is provided with a third flange plate 16 and a second spoiler 45, and the bottom end of the anode electrode plate 11 is respectively connected with the third flange plate 16 and the second spoiler 45 in a welding manner. The upper end of the anode electrode plate 11 is movably connected with the grain and oil-air flow distribution combination 7 through an isolation base plate 8.
The grain oil-air flow distribution combination 7 is movably connected with the grid electrode plate 5 through a first supporting rod 9 and a first supporting rod base combination 10, and the first supporting rod base combination 10 is connected with the grid electrode plate 5 in a welding mode.
The third flange plate 16 is connected with the fourth flange plate 17 of the airflow diversion chamber 12 (made of polytetrafluoroethylene), and the other end of the third flange plate 16, the second spoiler 45, the anode electrode plate 11, the air diversion spherical bottom cover 43 of the grain oil-airflow distribution combination 7 and the airflow diversion chamber 12 jointly play a role of uniformly distributing wind speed (wind pressure).
The grid electrode plate 5 and the anode electrode plate 11 jointly form positive and negative electrode plates of the radio frequency heating system, the grid electrode plate 5 is grounded, and the grid electrode plate 5 is respectively connected with the top cover 4 of the drying device and the conical bottom 33 of the drying device and is connected with the dust hood 6.
The through-air drying system further comprises an airflow guiding chamber 12 and a second supporting rod 18.
The centrifugal fan 22 is connected to the air inlet pipe 30 through the fifth flange plate 27, the sixth flange plate 29 and the sealing gasket 28, and after passing through the electric heater 21 (when hot air is supplied for heating, the electric heater 21 needs to be started for heating, and when normal warm air is cooled, the electric heater 21 does not need to be started for heating), the generated air flow enters the air flow guiding chamber 12 through the air inlet pipe 30.
The air inlet pipe 30 penetrates through the conical bottom 33 of the drying device and is connected with the airflow diversion chamber 12 through the first flange plate 13 and the second flange plate 14.
The airflow guiding chamber 12 is fixed under the support of the second support bar 18 and the second support bar base combination 19, and is connected with the anode electrode plate 11 through a third flange plate 16 and a fourth flange plate 17.
The second support rod base combination 19 and the drying device conical bottom 33 are welded together, and the drying device conical bottom 33 is provided with a reinforcing plate 36 at the corresponding outer side position of the second support rod base combination 19.
The grain and oil circulating system comprises an electric grain discharging device 32, a second grain flow pipe 35, a bucket elevator 2 and a first grain flow pipe 3.
The electric grain discharging device 32 is used for controlling the dried grain oil to flow to the second grain flow pipe 35 or the grain discharging opening 31, after the grain oil entering the second grain flow pipe 35 is lifted by the bucket elevator 2, the grain oil enters the tempering section of the drying device from the first grain flow pipe 3, then enters the space between the anode electrode plate 11 and the grid electrode plate 5, and the drying stage is started. The bucket elevator 2 and the electric grain discharge device 32 are communicated with the upper computer 23 through wires.
The dust removing system comprises a dust hood 6 and a cyclone dust collector 37.
The dust hood 6 is a closed cavity arranged at the periphery of the grid electrode plate 5, and is connected with the cyclone dust collector 37 through a seventh flange plate 38 and an eighth flange plate 39.
The distance between the anode electrode plate 11 and the grid electrode plate 5 is 0.2-1.5 m, the anode electrode plate and the grid electrode plate are both circular ring plates with holes, the holes are long-strip holes, and the width of the holes is 1-5 mm. Fig. 5 and 6 show schematic structural views of the anode electrode plate 11.
The section of the isolation pad plate 8 is a groove-shaped ring body, and the isolation pad plate is made of insulating materials. The schematic structure of the insulating mat 8 is shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the grain and oil-air distribution assembly, and as shown in fig. 4, the grain and oil-air distribution assembly 7 comprises a grain flow pile top cover 41, a circular hanging ring 42 and an air flow diversion spherical bottom cover 43.
The air flow diversion chamber 12 and the third flange plate 16, the second spoiler 45, the anode electrode plate 11 of the anode plate assembly 44 and the air diversion spherical bottom cover 43 of the grain and oil-air flow distribution assembly 7 jointly play a role in uniformly distributing air speed.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the second support bar 18 is an adjustable structure with a support plate for fixing and adjusting the position of the airflow guiding chamber 12. The second support bar 18 includes a support plate 46, a first threaded rod 47, an internally threaded barrel 48, a second threaded rod 49, a circular ring support 50, and a slotted hole 51. The supporting plate 46 is in contact with the airflow guiding chamber 12 and is in threaded connection with the fourth flange plate 17 and the third flange plate 16 through the elongated hole 51, and the other end of the supporting plate is connected with the conical bottom 33 of the drying device through the second supporting rod base combination 19, so that the position of the airflow guiding chamber 12 can be fixed and adjusted
The first supporting rod 9 is provided with a threaded hook 52 structure and is used for fixing and adjusting the position of the grain and oil-air flow distribution combination 7. The first support bar 9 is schematically shown in fig. 9.
An operation method of a grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device is used for operating the grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device.
The process flow diagram of the operation method is shown in fig. 10, and comprises the following steps:
step 1) treatment of raw materials: removing impurities and metals from the raw materials, wherein the impurity content of the obtained material is less than or equal to 2 percent, and the obtained material does not contain metals;
step 2) radio frequency drying: feeding the material obtained in the step 1) into a drying device, detecting the moisture content and the temperature and humidity of the material by an automatic control system, and starting a radio frequency heating system for radio frequency heating;
step 3), radio frequency hot air combined drying: when the temperature of the material obtained in the step 2) is raised to a preset temperature, starting a ventilation drying system to simultaneously carry out radio frequency heating and hot air heating;
and step 4), drying by normal temperature air: when the water content of the material obtained in the step 3) is reduced to be 1-2% higher than the target water content, closing electric heaters of a radio frequency heating system and a ventilation drying system, and drying by using warm air generally;
step 5) water content judgment: when the water content of the material obtained in the step 4) reaches the target water content, performing the next temperature judgment; when the water content of the material in the step 4) does not reach the target water content, feeding the material into the drying device again through the grain and oil circulating system, and repeating the operation until the material reaches the target water content;
step 6) temperature judgment: when the temperature of the material obtained in the step 5) is less than 20 ℃ or not higher than 8 ℃ of the atmospheric temperature, discharging the material, otherwise, continuing cooling by normal warm air.
The preset temperature of the radio frequency heating material in the step 3) is related to the material, and the corn: less than 60 ℃; wheat: 40-50 ℃; rice: 38-40 ℃; soybean: 30-35 ℃; rapeseed: 60-70 ℃; tea-oil camellia seed: 55-70 ℃.
The temperature of the ventilation drying system for heating the hot air in the step 3) is lower than the preset temperature of the radio frequency heating material.
The target moisture content of the material in the step 5) is related to the material type, and is the safe storage moisture content of the area, and the moisture content of the corn: 13% -14%; wheat: 12% -13%; rice: 13.5% -14.5%; soybean: 12% -13%; rapeseed: 8% -9%; tea-oil camellia seed: 8% -10%.
When the materials are dried in the steps, the dust removing system is used for separating and collecting the impurity and dust in the discharged tail gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention fully utilizes the advantages of two heating modes of radio frequency and hot air and the functions of drying and cooling by normal temperature air, optimizes and provides the fusion structure form of a radio frequency heating system and a hot air drying tower, realizes the real simultaneous drying of radio frequency and hot air, improves the drying efficiency of grain and oil, improves the drying uniformity and reduces the carbon emission; compared with a radio frequency horizontal electrode plate structure, the invention fully combines the structural advantages of the traditional drying tower for processing grain drying in large batch, creatively fuses radio frequency heating inner and outer circular ring electrode plates (anode electrode plates and grid electrode plates), realizes automatic and large-batch circulation or continuous drying of grain, and is suitable for the actual requirements of large grain yield and large processing capacity; compared with the radio frequency auxiliary drying of the fresh corn cobs, the invention directly carries out radio frequency hot air drying on the grain particles, realizes accurate, efficient and high-quality drying, avoids a large amount of energy waste on drying the corn cobs when drying the fresh corn cobs, and realizes mechanized grain harvesting of grain oil such as wheat, rice, soybean and the like except for the existence of partial mechanized ear harvesting of corn, so the invention has excellent beneficial effects in the fields of grain oil grain drying and the like except for the special requirements of corn ear harvesting and corn seed drying processing;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the self-adaptability of radio frequency heating, has no strict limitation on the nonuniformity of the initial water content of the dried material, and improves the applicability of the drying device;
(2) the invention can fully combine the advantages of radio frequency and hot air heating modes according to the characteristics of materials, fully utilize the functions of normal temperature air drying and cooling, and have unique advantages in the aspects of improving the energy utilization rate and reducing carbon emission;
(3) the invention solves the problems of low drying speed, poor quality and the like of the grain and oil with shell or large scale, can obviously shorten the drying time, improve the industrial productivity and keep good quality under the optimized process condition.
The present applicant has described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and on the contrary, any improvement or modification made based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device comprises: drying storehouse, radio frequency heating system and ventilation drying system, its characterized in that:
the radio frequency heating system is used for radio frequency heating and comprises a radio frequency generator (25) positioned outside the drying bin, and the radio frequency generator (25) is used for performing radio frequency heating on the grain and oil inside the drying bin;
the ventilation drying system is used for heating and drying by introducing hot air or cooling and drying by common warm air, and comprises a centrifugal fan (22), an electric heater (21) and an air inlet pipe (30), wherein when the hot air is introduced for heating, the centrifugal fan (22) blows air and is heated by the electric heater (21), and then the hot air is blown into a drying bin by the air inlet pipe (30); when the normal warm air is cooled and dried, the electric heater (21) is closed;
the drying device further comprises an automatic control system, wherein the automatic control system comprises an upper computer (23), an optical fiber sensor (15), a moisture sensor (34) and a temperature and humidity sensor (40); the upper computer (23) is communicated with the radio frequency generator (25), the centrifugal fan (22), the electric heater (21), the optical fiber sensor (15), the moisture sensor (34) and the temperature and humidity sensor (40) through a lead (24);
the optical fiber sensor (15) is positioned in a material pile between the positive plate and the negative plate, the moisture sensor (34) is positioned in a grain pile at the conical bottom (33) of the drying device, and the temperature and humidity sensor (40) is positioned above the centrifugal fan (22) within a range of less than 2 m.
2. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the drying device also comprises a drying device bracket (1), a grain and oil circulating system and a dust removing system;
the drying bin is arranged above the drying device bracket (1), and the radio frequency heating system, the ventilation drying system and the dust removal system are all communicated with the inside of the drying bin;
the grain and oil circulating system and the automatic control system are arranged on one side of the drying bin.
3. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the radio frequency heating system also comprises an anode electrode plate (11), a grid electrode plate (5), a grain oil-air flow distribution combination (7), a drying device top cover (4), a drying device conical bottom (33), a first supporting rod (9) and an isolation base plate (8);
the radio frequency generator (25) is communicated with the anode electrode plate (11) through an outer anode copper bar lead (26) and an inner anode copper bar lead (20), and the outer anode copper bar lead (26) is movably connected with the inner anode copper bar lead (20) at a sixth flange plate (29) of the air inlet pipe (30); the bottom end of the anode electrode plate (11) is provided with a third flange plate (16) and a second spoiler (45), the upper end of the anode electrode plate is movably connected with the grain oil-air flow distribution combination (7) through an isolation base plate (8), and the grain oil-air flow distribution combination (7) is movably connected with the grid electrode plate (5) through a first support rod (9) and a first support rod base combination (10); the grid electrode plate (5) and the anode electrode plate (11) jointly form positive and negative electrode plates of the radio frequency heating system, the grid electrode plate (5) is grounded, and the grid electrode plate (5) is respectively connected with the top cover (4) of the drying device and the conical bottom (33) of the drying device and is connected with the dust hood (6).
4. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the ventilation drying system also comprises an airflow diversion chamber (12) and a second supporting rod (18);
the centrifugal fan (22) is connected with an air inlet pipe through a flange, and the generated air flow enters the air flow diversion chamber (12) through the air inlet pipe (30) after passing through the electric heater (21); an air inlet pipe (30) penetrates through a conical bottom (33) of the drying device and is connected with an airflow diversion chamber (12) through a first flange plate (13) and a second flange plate (14), the airflow diversion chamber (12) is fixed under the support of a second support rod (18) and a second support rod base combination (19) and is connected with an anode electrode plate (11) through a third flange plate (16) and a fourth flange plate (17); the second supporting rod base combination (19) and the drying device cone bottom (33) are welded together, and a reinforcing plate (36) is arranged at the outer side position of the drying device cone bottom (33) corresponding to the second supporting rod base combination (19).
5. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the grain and oil circulating system comprises an electric grain discharging device (32), a second grain flow pipe (35), a bucket elevator (2) and a first grain flow pipe (3);
the electric grain discharging device (32) is used for controlling dried grain oil to flow to the second grain discharging pipe (35) or the grain discharging opening (31), after the grain oil entering the second grain discharging pipe (35) is lifted by the bucket elevator (2), the grain oil enters the tempering section of the drying device from the first grain discharging pipe (3), then enters the space between the anode electrode plate (11) and the grid electrode plate (5), and the drying stage is started;
the bucket elevator (2) and the electric grain discharge device (32) are communicated with the upper computer (23) through wires.
6. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the dust removal system comprises a dust removal cover (6) and a cyclone dust collector (37);
the dust hood (6) is a closed cavity arranged on the periphery of the grid electrode plate (5) and is connected with the cyclone dust collector (37) through a seventh flange plate (38) and an eighth flange plate (39).
7. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the distance between the anode electrode plate (11) and the grid electrode plate (5) is 0.2-1.5 m, the anode electrode plate and the grid electrode plate are both circular ring plates with holes, the holes are long holes, and the width of the holes is 1-5 mm.
8. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the section of the isolation pad plate (8) is a groove-shaped ring body, and the isolation pad plate is made of insulating materials.
9. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the grain oil-air flow distribution combination (7) comprises a grain flow pile top cover (41), a circular hanging ring (42) and an air flow distribution spherical bottom cover (43).
10. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the air flow diversion chamber (12) and a third flange plate (16) of the anode plate combination (44), a second spoiler (45), the anode electrode plate (11) and an air diversion spherical bottom cover (43) of the grain oil-air flow distribution combination (7) jointly play a role in uniformly distributing air speed.
11. The grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device of claim 4, which is characterized in that:
the second supporting rod (18) is an adjustable structure with a supporting plate and is used for fixing and adjusting the position of the airflow diversion chamber (12); the first supporting rod (9) is provided with a threaded hook (52) structure and is used for fixing and adjusting the position of the grain and oil-air flow distribution combination (7).
12. An operation method of a grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device is characterized in that,
the operation method is used for operating the grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device of any one of claims 1 to 11;
the operating method comprises the following steps:
step 1) treatment of raw materials: removing impurities and metals from the raw materials, wherein the impurity content of the obtained material is less than or equal to 2 percent, and the obtained material does not contain metals;
step 2) radio frequency drying: feeding the material obtained in the step 1) into a drying device, detecting the moisture content and the temperature and humidity of the material by an automatic control system, and starting a radio frequency heating system for radio frequency heating;
step 3), radio frequency hot air combined drying: when the temperature of the material obtained in the step 2) is raised to a preset temperature, starting a ventilation drying system to simultaneously carry out radio frequency heating and hot air heating;
and step 4), drying by normal temperature air: when the water content of the material obtained in the step 3) is reduced to be 1-2% higher than the target water content, closing electric heaters of a radio frequency heating system and a ventilation drying system, and drying by using warm air generally;
step 5) water content judgment: when the water content of the material obtained in the step 4) reaches the target water content, performing the next temperature judgment; when the water content of the material in the step 4) does not reach the target water content, feeding the material into the drying device again through the grain and oil circulating system, and repeating the operation until the material reaches the target water content;
step 6) temperature judgment: when the temperature of the material obtained in the step 5) is less than 20 ℃ or not higher than 8 ℃ of the atmospheric temperature, discharging the material, otherwise, continuing cooling by normal warm air.
13. The operation method of the grain and oil radio frequency hot air-normal temperature air combined drying device according to claim 12 comprises the following steps:
the preset temperature of the radio frequency heating material in the step 3) is related to the material, and the temperature of the corn: less than 60 ℃; wheat: 40-50 ℃; rice: 38-40 ℃; soybean: 30-35 ℃; rapeseed: 60-70 ℃; oil tea seeds: 55-70 ℃;
the temperature of the ventilation drying system for heating hot air in the step 3) is lower than the preset temperature of the radio frequency heating material;
the target moisture content of the material in the step 5) is related to the material type, and is the safe storage moisture content in the area, the corn: 13% -14%; wheat: 12% -13%; rice: 13.5% -14.5%; soybean: 12% -13%; rapeseed: 8% -9%; tea-oil camellia seed: 8% -10%;
when the materials are dried in the steps, the dust removing system is used for separating and collecting the impurity and dust in the discharged tail gas.
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| JPS60200844A (en) * | 1984-03-27 | 1985-10-11 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd <Kdd> | Dehydration treatment of optical material by glow discharge |
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