CN114990895A - 一种耐老化胶布雨衣 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种耐老化胶布雨衣,属于橡胶材料领域,包括胶布层和其表面涂覆的防水层;所述胶布层由改性涤纶纤维制成;所述防水层由防水涂料在胶布层涂覆形成,所述防水涂料由有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯、硅溶胶、去离子水、乳化剂、消泡剂按照质量比30‑55:20‑25:200:2‑5:2‑5混合组成;所述有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯由乙烯基硅氧烷、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯按照质量5‑8:20‑30:15‑23混合组成的单体在乳液中经过引发剂引发聚合形成的。所述改性涤纶纤维为防老化处理液浸泡制成,使得涤纶纤维表面接枝有有机硅‑纳米二氧化钛的复合材料,利用纳米二氧化钛吸收紫外线的作用,提高了涤纶纤维的耐老化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于橡胶材料领域,具体地,涉及一种耐老化胶布雨衣。
背景技术
现有的胶布雨衣一般包含胶布层和其表面涂覆的防水涂层构成,其中,胶布层一般由涤纶、锦纶、乙纶、丙纶等合成纤维制成,这些合成纤维对于紫外线较为敏感,加之雨衣的使用环境(雨淋、寒冷环境、热环境)会加速其老化。而防水涂层由于耐磨性差,以及与胶布之间的粘附性差的缺点,其在雨衣日程常使用过程中易出现掉落和损坏的情况,导致胶布雨衣防水功能的丧失。
因此,有必要提供一种耐老化且防水涂层与胶布层粘附性好的胶布雨衣。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐老化胶布雨衣,以提高胶布雨衣的耐老化性能,以及提高防水层与胶布层之间的链附作用,提高胶布雨衣的耐用性。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种耐老化胶布雨衣,包括胶布层和其表面涂覆的防水层。
进一步地,所述胶布层由改性涤纶纤维制成。
进一步地,所述改性涤纶纤维包括以下步骤制成:
将涤纶纤维浸渍于防老化处理液中12-15mi n,二浸二轧,然后将浸轧后的纤维在90℃恒温条件下焙烘80-90s,再在150℃恒温条件下焙烘80-90s,水洗数次,并在烘箱中烘干,得改性涤纶纤维,其中,涤纶纤维与防老化处理液的质量比为1:20-30。
进一步地,所述防老化处理液通过以下步骤制成:
将γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、钛酸四丁酯和无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液混合均匀,然后加热至20-40℃,滴加0.1M盐酸溶液,滴加完全后,继续搅拌6-10h,降至室温,补加去离子水,分散均匀,得防老化处理液,其中,γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液、盐酸溶液、补加去离子水的质量比为10-25:20:100:3-5:3-5,无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液中无水乙醇和去离子水的质量比为5:1。
在上述反应中,利用了酸性条件下,乙烯基硅氧烷发生水解形成超支化聚硅氧烷,钛酸四丁酯水解形成纳米二氧化钛,上述两种水解同时进行,形成的纳米二氧化钛逐渐被超支化聚硅氧烷形成的空腔包围,形成有机硅-纳米二氧化钛的复合材料,补加去离子水,得防老化处理液,使得防老化处理液中形成的超支化聚硅氧烷中未水解完全的硅氧烷继续在水和盐酸的作用下,形成高活性的硅醇键,并与涤纶纤维表面的羟基反生醚化反应,形成键连,使得涤纶纤维表面接枝有有机硅-纳米二氧化钛的复合材料,利用纳米二氧化钛吸收紫外线的作用,提高了涤纶纤维的耐老化性能,利用了有机硅,提高了涤纶纤维的耐磨性能,且有机硅(即超支化聚硅氧烷)的空腔对纳米二氧化钛进行负载,避免纳米二氧化钛的团聚,提高了纳米二氧化钛分散的均匀性和稳定性。
进一步地,所述防水层由防水涂料在胶布层涂覆形成,所述防水涂料由有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯、硅溶胶、去离子水、乳化剂、消泡剂按照质量比30-55:20-25:200:2-5:2-5混合组成。
进一步地,所述防水层选用聚丙烯酸甲酯为涂层成膜基料,是基于聚丙烯酸甲酯良好的成膜性和粘结性的选择,并利用有机硅、硅溶胶对聚丙烯酸甲酯进行改性,其中,有机硅以乙烯基硅氧烷为有机硅单体,采用原位乳液聚合引入,使得聚丙烯酸甲酯的支链引入硅氧烷链,提高了聚丙烯酸甲酯涂层的耐水性,同时,利用该硅氧烷链的微弱水解形成的硅醇将与硅溶胶中二氧化硅表面的羟基键连,使得聚丙烯酸甲酯基料中嵌入二氧化硅,提高了聚丙烯酸甲酯涂层的耐磨性和弹性,使得聚丙烯酸甲酯形成涂层抗折弯,此外,上述作用避免了纳米二氧化硅在聚丙烯涂层中团聚和迁移,使得涂层的耐磨性和抗折弯耐久。
进一步地,所述有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯由乙烯基硅氧烷、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯按照质量5-8:20-30:15-23混合组成的单体在乳液中经过引发剂引发聚合形成的,其中,聚合温度控制在50-60℃,乳液为去离子水和乳化剂按照质量比为100:1-2.5混合形成,乳化剂为聚氧乙烯醚、吐温80中的一种或两种任意比的混合,引发剂为水溶性引发剂,如过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾,单体总质量与乳液的质量比为40-50:100。
进一步地,所述硅溶胶的固含量为20-30%。
本发明的有益效果:
为解决背景技术中的问题,采用改性涤纶纤维编织成胶布层,所述改性涤纶纤维为防老化处理液浸泡制成,利用了防老化处理液中形成的超支化聚硅氧烷中未水解完全的硅氧烷继续在水和盐酸的作用下,形成高活性的硅醇键,并与涤纶纤维表面的羟基反生醚化反应,形成键连,使得涤纶纤维表面接枝有有机硅-纳米二氧化钛的复合材料,利用纳米二氧化钛吸收紫外线的作用,提高了涤纶纤维的耐老化性能,利用了有机硅,提高了涤纶纤维的耐磨性能和防水性能,且有机硅(即超支化聚硅氧烷)的空腔对纳米二氧化钛进行负载,避免纳米二氧化钛的团聚,提高了纳米二氧化钛分散的均匀性和稳定性;选用聚丙烯酸甲酯为防水层的成膜基料,是基于聚丙烯酸甲酯良好的成膜性和粘结性的选择,并利用有机硅、硅溶胶对聚丙烯酸甲酯进行改性,其中,有机硅以乙烯基硅氧烷为有机硅单体,采用原位乳液聚合引入,使得聚丙烯酸甲酯的支链引入硅氧烷链,提高了聚丙烯酸甲酯涂层的耐水性,同时,利用该硅氧烷链的水解形成的硅醇与硅溶胶中二氧化硅表面的羟基键连,使得聚丙烯酸甲酯基料中嵌入二氧化硅,提高了聚丙烯酸甲酯涂层的耐磨性和弹性,使得聚丙烯酸甲酯形成涂层抗折弯,且同时该硅氧烷链的水解形成的硅醇键与改性涤纶纤维表面的硅醇键形成醚键,进一步提高防水层与胶布层的粘结作用,此外,上述作用避免了纳米二氧化硅在聚丙烯涂层中团聚和迁移,使得涂层的耐磨性和抗折弯耐久。
综上所述,本发明提供的胶布雨衣其胶布层与防水层之间粘性强,且耐老化性能和耐磨性能优。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
防老化处理液的制备:
将10gγ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、20g钛酸四丁酯和100g无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液混合均匀,然后加热至20℃,滴加3g 0.1M盐酸溶液,滴加完全后,继续搅拌10h,降至室温,补加3g去离子水,分散均匀,得防老化处理液,其中,无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液中无水乙醇和去离子水的质量比为5:1。
实施例2
防老化处理液的制备:
将25gγ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、20g钛酸四丁酯和100g无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液混合均匀,然后加热至40℃,滴加5g 0.1M盐酸溶液,滴加完全后,继续搅拌6h,降至室温,补加5g去离子水,分散均匀,得防老化处理液,其中,无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液中无水乙醇和去离子水的质量比为5:1。
实施例3
改性涤纶纤维的制备:
将涤纶纤维浸渍于实施例1制备的防老化处理液中12min,二浸二轧,然后将浸轧后的纤维在90℃恒温条件下焙烘80s,再在150℃恒温条件下焙烘90s,水洗数次,并在烘箱中烘干,得改性涤纶纤维,其中,涤纶纤维与防老化处理液的质量比为1:20。
实施例4
改性涤纶纤维的制备:
将涤纶纤维浸渍于实施例2制备的防老化处理液中15min,二浸二轧,然后将浸轧后的纤维在90℃恒温条件下焙烘90s,再在150℃恒温条件下焙烘80s,水洗数次,并在烘箱中烘干,得改性涤纶纤维,其中,涤纶纤维与防老化处理液的质量比为1:30。
实施例5
一种耐老化胶布雨衣,包括胶布层和其表面涂覆的防水层;所述胶布层由实施例3制备的改性涤纶纤维纺织形成;所述防水层由防水涂料在胶布层涂覆形成,所述防水涂料由有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯、固含量为20-25%硅溶胶、去离子水、乳化剂、消泡剂按照质量比30:25:200:2:2混合组成;所述有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯由乙烯基硅氧烷、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯按照质量5:20:23混合组成的单体在乳液中经过引发剂引发聚合形成的,其中,聚合温度控制在50℃,乳液为去离子水和乳化剂按照质量比为100:1混合形成,乳化剂为聚氧乙烯醚,引发剂为过硫酸铵,单体总质量与乳液的质量比为40:100。
实施例6
一种耐老化胶布雨衣,包括胶布层和其表面涂覆的防水层;所述胶布层由实施例4制备的改性涤纶纤维纺织形成;所述防水层由防水涂料在胶布层涂覆形成,所述防水涂料由有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯、固含量为25-30%硅溶胶、去离子水、乳化剂、消泡剂按照质量比40:25:200:3:3混合组成;所述有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯由乙烯基硅氧烷、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯按照质量6:25:18混合组成的单体在乳液中经过引发剂引发聚合形成的,其中,聚合温度控制在55℃,乳液为去离子水和乳化剂按照质量比为100:1.5混合形成,乳化剂为聚氧乙烯醚、吐温80中的一种或两种任意比的混合,引发剂为水溶性引发剂,如过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾,单体总质量与乳液的质量比为45:100。
实施例7
一种耐老化胶布雨衣,包括胶布层和其表面涂覆的防水层;所述胶布层由实施例3制备的改性涤纶纤维纺织形成;所述防水层由防水涂料在胶布层涂覆形成,所述防水涂料由有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯、固含量为25-30%硅溶胶、去离子水、乳化剂、消泡剂按照质量比55:25:200:5:5混合组成;所述有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯由乙烯基硅氧烷、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯按照质量8:30:15混合组成的单体在乳液中经过引发剂引发聚合形成的,其中,聚合温度控制在60℃,乳液为去离子水和乳化剂按照质量比为100:2.5混合形成,乳化剂为聚氧乙烯醚、吐温80中的一种或两种任意比的混合,引发剂为水溶性引发剂,如过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾,单体总质量与乳液的质量比为50:100。
对比例1
一种耐老化胶布雨衣,与实施例5相比,将胶布层中的改性涤纶纤维替换成涤纶纤维,其余相同。
对比例2
一种耐老化胶布雨衣,与实施例6相比,将防水层中的乙烯基硅氧烷删除,其余相同。
对比例3
一种耐老化胶布雨衣,与实施例7相比,将防水层中的硅溶胶删除,其余相同。
实施例8
将实施例5-7和对比例1-3获得的雨衣进行以下性能测试:
防水层的柔韧性:按照GB/T 1731进行测试;
防水层的耐磨性:将样品置于放有500g负荷的0000号钢丝绒下,对样品表面进行来回摩擦40次,根据划痕数量判断涂层的耐磨性,0-5条划痕为优;5-10条划痕为良;10条以上划痕为差;
防水涂层的附着力:附着力测试采用GB/T 9286-1998为测定标准,根据画圈法观察防水涂层细小划痕间的破损程度,判断其附着力的等级;
耐紫外线老化:按照GB/T 16422.3进行测试;
上述测试数据如表1所示。
表1
柔韧性 | 耐磨性 | 附着力 | 耐紫外老化 | |
实施例5 | 1mm | 优 | 0级 | 1200h |
实施例6 | 1mm | 优 | 0级 | 1200h |
实施例7 | 1mm | 优 | 0级 | 1200h |
对比例1 | 1mm | 优 | 0级 | 960h |
对比例2 | 2mm | 良 | 1级 | 1200h |
对比例3 | 2mm | 差 | 1级 | 1200h |
从表1中的数据中可看出,实施例5-6获得的雨衣中胶布层与防水层之间粘性要优于对比例2-3所得的雨衣,施例5-6获得的雨衣的耐紫外老化性能优于对比例3所得的雨衣。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种耐老化胶布雨衣,包括胶布层和其表面涂覆的防水层,其特征在于:所述胶布层由改性涤纶纤维制成;
所述改性涤纶纤维包括以下步骤制成:
将涤纶纤维浸渍于防老化处理液中12-15min,二浸二轧,然后将浸轧后的纤维在90℃恒温条件下焙烘80-90s,再在150℃恒温条件下焙烘80-90s,水洗数次,并在烘箱中烘干,得改性涤纶纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐老化胶布雨衣,其特征在于:涤纶纤维与防老化处理液的质量比为1:20-30。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐老化胶布雨衣,其特征在于:所述防老化处理液通过以下步骤制成:
将γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、钛酸四丁酯和无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液混合均匀,然后加热至20-40℃,滴加盐酸溶液,滴加完全后,继续搅拌6-10h,降至室温,补加去离子水,分散均匀,得防老化处理液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种耐老化胶布雨衣,其特征在于:γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液、盐酸溶液、补加去离子水的质量比为10-25:20:100:3-5:3-5,无水乙醇/去离子水的混合溶液中无水乙醇和去离子水的质量比为5:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐老化胶布雨衣,其特征在于:所述防水层由防水涂料在胶布层涂覆形成,所述防水涂料由有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯、硅溶胶、去离子水、乳化剂、消泡剂按照质量比30-55:20-25:200:2-5:2-5混合组成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种耐老化胶布雨衣,其特征在于:所述硅溶胶的固含量为20-30%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种耐老化胶布雨衣,其特征在于:所述有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯由乙烯基硅氧烷、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯按照质量5-8:20-30:15-23混合组成的单体在乳液中经过引发剂引发聚合形成的,单体总质量与乳液的质量比为40-50:100。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种耐老化胶布雨衣,其特征在于:聚合温度控制在50-60℃,所述乳液为去离子水和乳化剂按照质量比为100:1-2.5混合形成。
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CN112853754A (zh) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-05-28 | 扬州纪元纺织有限公司 | 一种拒水抗紫外涤纶及其制备方法 |
CN114561811A (zh) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-05-31 | 安徽弋尚纺织科技有限公司 | 一种耐磨布料及其制备方法 |
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