CN114984319A - 一种可3d打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法，该方法采用力学性能仿生，将支架通过碱化和冻融处理，表现出高强度、快回复的特点，得到具有高机械性能、低含水量、抗损伤性和形状记忆特性的物理交联PVA生物材料。本发明材料有着更为出色的生物力学强度，作为一种新型的半月板损伤修复材料在临床治疗中具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于骨科组织工程技术领域，涉及半月板修复，具体涉及一种可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法。
背景技术
膝关节半月板损伤发病率高，可导致膝关节疼痛，并常伴有活动受限。迄今没有任何一种治疗手段能够有效修复半月板损伤。半月板脱细胞基质水凝胶在细胞再生方面可能有效，然而，其失去了半月板的原始结构，导致力学强度不足，这可能会影响体内的细胞行为和代谢活动。因此，提高脱细胞基质水凝胶的力学性能是目前临床应用的迫切需要。
聚乙烯醇具有优秀的弹性和良好生物相容性，双网络是用来制备半月板水凝胶的一种非常有可行性的结构。目前使用双网络水凝胶制备半月板的研究较少，一方面由于半月板的特殊生理功能，对水凝胶的抗压缩能力和韧性要求较高，另一方面，由于中心部半月板缺乏血管结构，对半月板的修复再生能力提出巨大挑战。此外，光交联系统可能有助于水凝胶支架获得更好的胶凝能力。
半月板脱细胞基质，由于其厚实而致密的细胞外基质结构，细胞难以迁移到支架内部区域以进行全层半月板再生。半月板脱细胞基质水凝胶失去了半月板的原始结构，导致力学强度不足，这可能会影响体内的细胞行为和代谢活动。单一网络的水凝胶交联过程中网络结构不均匀，应力集中在最短链结构上导致结构破坏。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述不足之处提供一种可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法。该方法得到的支架具有高强度、快回复的特点，同时又能降低免疫反应，表现出良好的细胞相容性，具有较高的生物安全性。
本发明的目的是通过以下步骤实现的:
一种可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将新鲜的猪半月板切成薄片，冷冻，研磨成粗粉；将粗粉在1％十二烷基硫酸钠/磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液中搅拌72小时，再用0.1％乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)/PBS溶液处理24小时，并在去离子水中浸泡过夜，最后，将获得的脱细胞半月板基质冷冻，冻干3d；将得到的脱细胞半月板基质研磨成细粉末，室温下以15mg/mL的浓度加入0.01M胃蛋白酶/HCl溶液并搅拌48h得到粘性溶液，中和粘性溶液得到细胞外基质溶液；
(2)将聚乙烯醇溶解在质量体积比为10％的去离子水中，在55℃水浴中搅拌4小时，直到聚乙烯醇晶体完全溶解得到聚乙烯醇溶液；
(3)将10％w/v聚乙烯醇溶液和10％w/v细胞外基质溶液加入去离子水中搅拌均匀，将交联剂和光引发剂添加到溶液中，再添加6％w/v海藻酸钠盐，并在4℃冰箱中保存过夜；
(4)将得到的溶液在蓝光下照射得到水凝胶；将水凝胶切成小块，并在6mol/L氢氧化钠中浸泡三个时间点40分钟，经去离子水洗涤，冷冻1小时后解冻24小时，冷冻/解冻过程重复20次，最后，将得到的聚乙烯醇/脱细胞基质水凝胶浸入80mmol/L氯化钙中10分钟。
优选上述新鲜的猪半月板切成1mm厚薄片。
优选上述十二烷基硫酸钠/磷酸盐缓冲盐水每24小时更新一次。
优选上述冷冻温度为-80℃。
优选上述交联剂为10％(w/v)的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯；光引发剂为0.05％w/v的2-羟基-4′-(2-羟基乙氧基)-2-甲基丙苯酮。
优选上述使用0.1M NaOH和PBS中和粘性溶液。
优选上述步骤(4)中，蓝光照射20分钟。
本发明可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法具体是通过以下方式实现的：
将新鲜的猪半月板切成薄片(优选1mm厚)，在-80℃冷冻，然后研磨成粗粉。将粉末在1％十二烷基硫酸钠/磷酸盐缓冲盐水(SDS/PBS)(w/v)溶液中搅拌72小时。SDS溶液每24小时更新一次。然后用0.1％乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)/PBS(w/v)溶液处理样品24小时，并在大量去离子水中浸泡过夜，以去除残留的化学物质。最后，将获得的脱细胞半月板基质在-80℃下冷冻，冻干3d。将脱细胞半月板基质进一步研磨成细粉末，并在室温下以15mg/mL的浓度加入0.01M胃蛋白酶/HCl溶液并搅拌48h。使用0.1M NaOH和PBS中和粘性溶液。
将聚乙烯醇溶解在质量体积比为10％的去离子水中。将溶液在55℃水浴中搅拌4小时，直到聚乙烯醇晶体完全溶解。然后将10％w/v聚乙烯醇和10％w/v细胞外基质加入去离子水中并搅拌均匀。将10％(w/v)的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯和0.05％w/v的2-羟基-4′-(2-羟基乙氧基)-2-甲基丙苯酮作为交联剂和光引发剂添加到溶液中。添加6％(w/v)海藻酸钠盐，并在4℃冰箱中保存过夜。
将制备的溶液放入2ml离心管中，并在蓝光下照射20分钟，以完成光交联反应。将水凝胶切成小块，并在6mol/L氢氧化钠中浸泡三个时间点40分钟。经去离子水洗涤后，制备的水凝胶在-80℃冷冻1小时，解冻24小时。冷冻/解冻过程重复20次。最后，将聚乙烯醇/脱细胞基质水凝胶浸入80mmol/L氯化钙中10分钟，以实现离子交联。
本发明属于聚乙烯醇/脱细胞基质双网络水凝胶复合支架。应用方式：植入膝关节半月板缺损处，促进半月板再生。
本发明发现调整碱处理时间和融冻次数，PVA和dECM可以形成不同牢固程度的可拉伸网络结构。通过大量的实验筛选得到：在碱性溶液中浸泡40分钟和20次冷冻/解冻循环，PVA/dECM水凝胶支架表现出与天然半月板相似的机械性能，组成成分和微观结构仿生。
本发明半月板在连续拉伸松弛20个循环后，每个循环的相对最大应力略有降低，并保持在N80％；在压缩-松弛循环下，能量耗散减弱，在20个循环后保持在N20％。
与现有技术比较有益效果：
首先，本发明采用力学性能仿生，将支架通过碱化和冻融处理，表现出高强度、快回复的特点，使得生产具有高机械性能、低含水量、抗损伤性和形状记忆特性的物理交联PVA生物材料。与之前报道的水凝胶相比，本发明材料有着更为出色的生物力学强度，使其作为一种新型的半月板损伤修复材料在临床治疗中具有广泛的应用前景。
其次，组成成分仿生，应用脱细胞基质，既很好地模拟了天然半月板组织微环境，又降低了免疫反应。聚乙烯醇/脱细胞基质双网络水凝胶复合支架表现出良好的细胞相容性。这就表明本发明方法具有较高的生物安全性。
再次，微观结构仿生，扫描电镜下可观察到该支架具有多孔性，孔径的大小与形状与天然半月板的紧密编织的胶原纤维的分布十分接近。
附图说明
图1为本发明可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的外观照片(A)和电镜照片(B)。
图2为本发明聚乙烯醇/脱细胞基质打印的半月板在折叠/拉伸后的恢复情况。
图中，第一行图片显示，半月板折叠压缩80％时完整不破裂，恢复原状；第二行图片显示，半月板在用力拉伸松弛后，能够恢复原状。
图3为体内实验中，兔半月板缺损处植入PVA/dECM水凝胶后3个月的半月板大体照。
图4为对比例1单轴压缩应力-应变曲线图。图中显示对照组在压缩70％时断裂。
图5为对比例2得到的水凝胶外观照片(A)和电镜照片(B)。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步解释说明：
实施例1
将新鲜的猪半月板切成薄片(1mm厚)，在-80℃冷冻，然后研磨成粗粉。将粉末在1％十二烷基硫酸钠/磷酸盐缓冲盐水(SDS/PBS)(w/v)溶液中搅拌72小时。十二烷基硫酸钠/磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液每24小时更新一次。然后用0.1％乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)/PBS(w/v)溶液处理样品24小时，并在大量去离子水中浸泡过夜，以去除残留的化学物质。最后，将获得的脱细胞半月板基质在-80℃下冷冻，冻干3d。将脱细胞半月板基质进一步研磨成细粉末，并在室温下以15mg/mL的浓度加入0.01M胃蛋白酶/HCl溶液并搅拌48h得到粘性溶液，使用0.1M NaOH和PBS中和粘性溶液。
将聚乙烯醇溶解在质量体积比为10％的去离子水中。将溶液在55℃水浴中搅拌4小时，直到聚乙烯醇晶体完全溶解得到聚乙烯醇溶液。然后将10％w/v聚乙烯醇溶液和10％w/v细胞外基质溶液加入去离子水中并搅拌均匀。将10％(w/v)的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯和0.05％w/v的2-羟基-4′-(2-羟基乙氧基)-2-甲基丙苯酮作为交联剂和光引发剂添加到溶液中，再添加6％(w/v)海藻酸钠盐，并在4℃冰箱中保存过夜。
将制备的溶液放入2ml离心管中，并在蓝光下照射20分钟，以完成光交联反应得到水凝胶。将水凝胶切成小块，并在6mol/L氢氧化钠中浸泡40分钟，经去离子水洗涤后，制备的水凝胶在-80℃冷冻1小时，解冻24小时。冷冻/解冻过程重复20次。最后，将聚乙烯醇/脱细胞基质水凝胶浸入80mmol/L氯化钙中10分钟实现离子交联。
对比例1
在去离子水中加入10％w/v dECM、10％w/v PEGDA、0.05％w/v 2-羟基-4'-(2-羟基乙氧基)-2-甲基苯丙酮6％w/v的海藻酸钠并在4℃冰箱中保存过夜。将制备好的溶液放入2ml离心管中，蓝光照射20分钟，完成光交联反应。结果：无法形成牢固的一级网络结构，详见图4。
对比例2
其余步骤同实施例1，不同在于步骤(4)，将得到的溶液在蓝光下照射得到水凝胶；将水凝胶切成小块，并在6mol/L氢氧化钠中浸泡20分钟，经去离子水洗涤，冷冻1小时后解冻24小时，冷冻/解冻过程重复10次，最后，将得到的聚乙烯醇/脱细胞基质水凝胶浸入80mmol/L氯化钙中10分钟。结果：得到淡黄色半透明水凝胶，电镜结果显示不具有与天然半月板类似的均匀多孔结构。(图5)
应用实施例1
在兔膝关节植入PVA/dECM双网络水凝胶复合支架12周后，获取兔膝关节标本，大体照如图3所示，PVA/dECM组半月板缺损区域被光滑的再生组织覆盖，形态接近天然半月板。在Control组和Blank组中，缺损处呈现不规则的再生组织，与周围的天然半月板组织区别明显。PVA/dECM组股骨髁与胫骨平台的软骨面光滑，在Control组和Blank组观察到明显的关节面软骨磨损，具有较高的生物安全性。
Claims (7)
1.一种可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将新鲜的猪半月板切成薄片，冷冻，研磨成粗粉；将粗粉在1％十二烷基硫酸钠/磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液中搅拌72小时，再用0.1％乙二胺四乙酸/PBS溶液处理24小时，并在去离子水中浸泡过夜，最后，将获得的脱细胞半月板基质冷冻，冻干3d；将得到的脱细胞半月板基质研磨成细粉末，室温下以15mg/mL的浓度加入0.01M胃蛋白酶/HCl溶液并搅拌48h得到粘性溶液，中和粘性溶液得到细胞外基质溶液；
(2)将聚乙烯醇溶解在质量体积比为10％的去离子水中，在55℃水浴中搅拌4小时，直到聚乙烯醇晶体完全溶解得到聚乙烯醇溶液；
(3)将10％w/v聚乙烯醇溶液和10％w/v细胞外基质溶液加入去离子水中搅拌均匀，将交联剂和光引发剂添加到溶液中，再添加6％w/v海藻酸钠盐，并在4℃冰箱中保存过夜；
(4)将得到的溶液在蓝光下照射得到水凝胶；将水凝胶切成小块，并在6mol/L氢氧化钠中浸泡40分钟，经去离子水洗涤，冷冻1小时后解冻24小时，冷冻/解冻过程重复20次，最后，将得到的聚乙烯醇/脱细胞基质水凝胶浸入80mmol/L氯化钙中10分钟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法，其特征在于所述的新鲜的猪半月板切成1mm厚薄片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法，其特征在于所述的十二烷基硫酸钠/磷酸盐缓冲盐水每24小时更新一次。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法，其特征在于所述的冷冻温度为-80℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法，其特征在于所述的交联剂为10％w/v的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯；光引发剂为0.05％w/v的2-羟基-4′-(2-羟基乙氧基)-2-甲基丙苯酮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法，其特征在于所述的使用0.1M NaOH和PBS中和粘性溶液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可3D打印的双网络水凝胶复合支架的制备方法，其特征在于所述的步骤(4)中，蓝光照射20分钟。
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