CN114960757B - Calm subsurface net hanging masking type tunnel and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Calm subsurface net hanging masking type tunnel and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114960757B CN114960757B CN202110219793.6A CN202110219793A CN114960757B CN 114960757 B CN114960757 B CN 114960757B CN 202110219793 A CN202110219793 A CN 202110219793A CN 114960757 B CN114960757 B CN 114960757B
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- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/063—Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water
- E02D29/067—Floating tunnels; Submerged bridge-like tunnels, i.e. tunnels supported by piers or the like above the water-bed
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/0061—Production methods for working underwater
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0045—Composites
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0046—Foams
- E02D2300/0048—PU
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A calm subsurface screening-off tunnel and method of constructing the same, the tunnel comprising: two vertical shafts which are respectively arranged at the bank sides of two banks of the water area to be traversed by the tunnel; a door opening matched with the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is processed on the upper side wall of the vertical shaft, and a notch is arranged in the center of the upper and lower or left and right of the inner edge of the door opening; the two net hanging cables are arranged in parallel and are spanned in the water area to be traversed, and the two ends of the net hanging cables are respectively fixed on the shore sides of the corresponding vertical shafts; the length of the net hanging cable corresponds to the distance between the two shafts; the cross section of the hanging net is U-shaped, two ends of the hanging net are respectively arranged on two hanging net cables, and the bottom of the hanging net is paved on a water base bed; the two guide cables respectively pass through notches arranged at the upper and lower or left and right centers of a door opening of one side wall of the two vertical shafts to stretch horizontally, and the two ends of the guide cables are respectively anchored in the two vertical shafts; the tunnel is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints in series; the outer edge of the cross section of each section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is provided with a connecting ring; the connecting ring is arranged on the two guide cables in a penetrating way; and filling a solidification mixture between the hanging net and the tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a calm subsurface net hanging masking tunnel and a construction method thereof.
Background
The existing methods for constructing the tunnel in the soil layer or the rock layer without the underground water include an open excavation method, a hidden excavation method and the like, the existing methods for constructing the tunnel in the soil layer with the underground water include a shield method, a pipe jacking method and the like, and the existing methods for constructing the tunnel in the water include a immersed tube method and a steel cable positioning pipe jacking method.
As disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201910481081.4, "an underwater inverted arch-shaped suspended tunnel and construction method using steel cable positioning" and "an underwater inverted arch-shaped suspended double tunnel and construction method using steel cable positioning" disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201910481071.0, a guide cable is set in water and a tunnel pipe joint is jacked in water.
The existing immersed tube tunnel technology relates to the conventional soil body backfilling of a foundation trench before the tunnel tube section is immersed and the conventional soil body is adopted to cover the tunnel tube section after the tunnel tube section is immersed and arranged, and a few of the existing immersed tube tunnel technologies relate to the conventional soil body covering the tunnel tube section. However, the immersed tube tunnel technology backfills and covers the soil with lower strength, and the covered soil is lower in strength and cannot be thick and heavy, so that the unexpected load from the two sides and the upper side of the tunnel is very weak to protect. The tunnel pipe joints are connected underwater, so that the technical difficulty is high and the cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calm underwater net hanging masking tunnel and a construction method thereof, which are used for quickly and economically constructing underwater tunnels in rivers, lakes and seas, and are provided with reliable masking protection measures, in particular to the reliable masking protection measures for the tunnels under the condition that the depth of the underwater is no longer suitable for pile sinking.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a calm subsurface trawl-screened tunnel, comprising:
two vertical shafts are respectively arranged on the shore sides of two banks in the water area to be traversed by the tunnel, weak permeable soil bodies or impermeable soil bodies with the length of more than 30m are reserved between the vertical shafts and the shore sides of the water area to be traversed, and the bottoms of the vertical shafts are higher than a water foundation bed; a side wall of the two vertical shafts, through which the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections penetrate, is provided with a door opening matched with the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections, and the upper and lower or left and right centers of the inner edges of the door opening are provided with notches;
the two net hanging cables are arranged in parallel and are spanned in the water area to be traversed, and two ends of the net hanging cables are respectively fixed on the shore sides of the two shafts; the length of the net hanging cable corresponds to the distance between the two shafts;
the cross section of the net hanging is U-shaped, two ends of the net hanging are respectively arranged on the two net hanging cables, and the bottom of the net hanging is laid on a water bed in the water to be penetrated; the length of the hanging net corresponds to the distance of the water area to be traversed;
two guide cables respectively pass through notches arranged at the upper and lower or left and right centers of a door opening of one side wall of the two vertical shafts to be stretched horizontally, and two ends of the guide cables are respectively anchored in the two vertical shafts;
the tunnel is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints in series; connecting rings are respectively arranged at the upper and lower or left and right sides of the outer edge of the cross section of each section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint; connecting rings arranged up and down or left and right of each section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint penetrate through the two guide cables; the width of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is smaller than the distance between the two net hanging cables; the solidification mixture is filled between the hanging net and the tunnel; the top surface of the solidified mixture is lower than the top end of the net and higher than the top surface of the tunnel.
Preferably, the spacing of the net hanging cables is 2-20 m, the diameter of the net hanging cables is 100-500 mm, and the side length of the grid on the net is less than or equal to 2mm.
Preferably, the length of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is 2-30 m.
Preferably, the setting mixture includes: sand and/or gravel, in a volume ratio greater than 60%; an inorganic coagulant material, which occupies less than 40% by volume; the particle size of the sand and/or the gravel is 3-15 mm.
Preferably, the inorganic coagulation material comprises blast furnace water slag or steel slag, the grain size of the blast furnace water slag is 3-5 mm, and the grain size of the steel slag is 3-15 mm.
The invention relates to a construction method of a calm underwater net hanging masking tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
1) Two vertical shafts are manufactured and respectively used as a driving well and a receiving well, a side wall of the driving well and the receiving well, which is used for a prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to pass through, is provided with a door opening matched with the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint, the center of the door opening is provided with a notch at the upper and lower or left and right sides, and the door opening and the notch are provided with temporary closed structures;
2) The method comprises the steps that a driving well and a receiving well are respectively arranged on the side of two sides of a water area to be traversed by a tunnel, weak permeable soil bodies or impermeable soil bodies with the length of more than 30m are reserved between the driving well and the side of the water area to be traversed, and the bottoms of the driving well and the receiving well are higher than a water foundation bed; two net hanging cables are arranged in parallel in a water area to be traversed, and two ends of each net hanging cable are respectively fixed on the shore sides of the corresponding two shafts; the length of the net hanging cable corresponds to the distance of the water area to be traversed; the distance between the two net hanging cables is larger than the width of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint;
3) Two ends of the net are respectively arranged on the two net hanging cables, and the bottom of the net is laid on a water bed in the water to be traversed; the length of the net hanging cable corresponds to the distance between the two shafts; see fig. 2;
4) Opening the gaps of door openings on the driving well and the receiving well, respectively penetrating two guide cables with joints into the gaps of the door openings on the driving well and the receiving well, directionally drilling through weak permeable soil bodies or impermeable soil bodies on two sides to the middle of a water area to be penetrated, and connecting the two guide cables on the driving well and the receiving well into a whole; tensioning the two guide cables to enable the two guide cables to be arranged in parallel on the upper and lower sides or left and right sides of the driving well and the receiving well door opening;
5) The first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is sent into a driving well, the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is a steel pipe or a steel pipe concrete pipe, and the cross section of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is a half ring body of a 180-degree installation connecting ring up and down or left and right; the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is sent to a door opening, and the other half ring body of the connecting ring is hung on the guide cable and then connected with the half ring body of the connecting ring on the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to form a circular ring; pushing the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section to move towards the receiving well through the door opening by using the jacking device, and reserving a part of the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section to be positioned in the driving well; the front end of the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is provided with a closed end plate;
6) The second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is sent into a driving well, and the other half ring body of the connecting ring is hung on the guide cable and then connected with the half ring body of the connecting ring on the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to form a circular ring; the front end of the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is connected with the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section into a whole, the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is pushed to move towards the receiving well through the door opening by the jacking device, and the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is reserved to be partially positioned in the driving well;
7) Repeating the step 5) to sequentially send the N sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints into a driving well, and pushing the N sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints to pass through a door opening after connecting the previous section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint until the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint reaches a receiving well and passes through the door opening of the receiving well; all the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections which are connected in a penetrating way are submerged between the two net hanging cables, and the top surfaces of the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections are lower than the tops of the two net hanging cables; removing a head closed end plate of the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint and connecting the head closed end plate with a receiving well;
8) And (3) filling the solidification mixture between the hanging net and the tunnel in a blowing way, wherein the top surface of the solidification mixture is lower than the top end of the hanging net and higher than the top surface of the tunnel, and constructing the hanging net shielding tunnel under the calm water surface after the solidification of the solidification mixture.
Preferably, the diameter or the maximum side length of the concrete pipe pile is more than or equal to 800mm, and the maximum side length of the section of the steel pile is more than or equal to 800mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the guide cable is 100-1000 mm.
Preferably, the guide cable is a composite cable formed by winding a steel cable on the outer side and the chemical fiber inner core, and the average mass density of the composite cable is not more than +/-5% different from that of water.
Preferably, a counterweight is arranged in the through prefabricated tunnel pipe section so as to maintain the buoyancy to be less than the gravity, a calm subsurface net hanging and shielding tunnel is built after the solidification of the solidified mixture, then the counterweight is gradually removed from the tunnel, facilities in the tunnel are built, and the buoyancy is maintained to be less than the gravity.
Preferably, the particle size of the solidified mixture is 3-15 mm; the grain diameter of the sand is 3-15 mm, and the volume ratio of the sand is more than 60%; the grain diameter of the inorganic coagulation material blast furnace slag is 3-5 mm, the grain diameter of the slag is 3-15 mm, and the volume ratio of the slag is less than 40%.
Preferably, the maximum lateral deviation of the guide cable in the control water area is smaller than 2 times of the diameter of the guide cable, and the maximum lateral deviation of the guide cable in the shoreside soil layer area is smaller than 0.5 times of the diameter of the guide cable.
Preferably, in step 5), the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is pushed to move towards the receiving well through the door opening by the pushing device, and meanwhile, the expansion sealing material is injected into the shore weak water-permeable soil body or the impermeable soil body outside the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint within the radius range of one time of the tunnel at a hydrostatic pressure value of 2-5 times, and preferably, the expansion sealing material comprises polyurethane foam materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the 'underwater inverted arch-shaped suspended tunnel and construction method using steel cable positioning' disclosed in China patent application No. 201910481081.4 and the 'underwater inverted arch-shaped suspended double tunnel and construction method using steel cable positioning' disclosed in China patent application No. 201910481071.0, the invention adopts the directional jacking and connecting technology of simultaneously arranging guide cables in soft soil stratum and water, and can implement accurate positioning of the soft soil stratum and the water tunnel; the water-proof leakage technology of simultaneously jacking tunnel pipe joints in soft soil stratum and water can be adopted to implement the water-free operation in the open caisson at the side below the water surface.
In particular, the invention adopts a net hanging mode, and reliable masking protection is set for the tunnel under the condition that the depth of the water bottom is not suitable for pile sinking; meanwhile, the hydraulic filling between the hanging net and the tunnel has a certain later strength of the solidified mixture, and can provide masking protection for the tunnel so as to resist external mechanical load and action.
The existing immersed tube tunnel technology does not relate to the protection of two-side chain row piles, the backfill and covered soil body has lower strength, and the covered soil body has lower strength and can not be thick and heavy, so that the protection on the unexpected load from two sides and above the tunnel is very weak.
The invention adopts a technology for blowing and filling the solidification mixture between the hanging net and the tunnel and controlling the masking protection of the solidification mixture with certain strength to the tunnel; in addition, the solidification mixture adopts inorganic binders such as blast furnace granulated slag, steel slag and the like to be alkalescent, and has anti-corrosion protection effect on the masked tunnel steel.
The existing pipe jacking tunnel technology only jacks in tunnel pipe joints in soft soil stratum. The invention adopts the directional jacking and connecting technology that the guide cable is arranged in the soft soil stratum and the water at the same time, and can implement the operation of jacking tunnel pipe joints in the soft soil stratum and the water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a shaft, screen cables and screens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a sectional view of a shaft in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of portion A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a net cable and net according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the net hanging cable, net hanging and tunnel according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a filling solidification mixture between a screen and a tunnel in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the calm subsurface screening-covered tunnel according to the present invention includes:
two shafts 1 are respectively arranged on the shore sides of two banks in the water area 100 to be traversed by the tunnel, a weak permeable soil body or a impermeable soil body 200 with the length of more than 30m is reserved between the shafts and the shore of the water area 100 to be traversed, and the bottom of each shaft 1 is higher than a water foundation bed; a door opening 101 matched with the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint 51 is processed on one side wall of the two vertical shafts 1 for the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to pass through, and a notch 102 is arranged in the center of the upper and lower or left and right of the inner edge of the door opening 101;
the two net hanging cables 2 are arranged in parallel and are spanned in the water area 100 to be traversed, and two ends of each net hanging cable 2 are respectively fixed on the shore sides of the corresponding two vertical shafts 1; the length of the net hanging cable 2 corresponds to the distance between the two shafts 1;
the cross section of the net 3 is U-shaped, two ends of the net 3 are respectively arranged on the two net hanging cables 2, and the bottom of the net 3 is laid on a water bed in the water area 100 to be traversed; the length of the hanging net 3 corresponds to the distance of the water area 100 to be traversed;
two guide cables 4 respectively pass through notches arranged at the upper and lower or left and right centers of a side wall door opening 101 of the two vertical shafts 1 to stretch horizontally, and two ends of each guide cable 4 are respectively anchored in the two vertical shafts 1;
the tunnel 5 is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints 51 in series; the outer edge of the cross section of each section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint 51 is respectively provided with a connecting ring 6 up and down or left and right; the connecting rings 6 arranged up and down or left and right of each section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint 61 are penetrated on the two guide cables 4; the width of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint 51 is smaller than the distance between the two net hanging cables 2; a solidification mixture 7 is filled between the hanging net 3 and the tunnel 5; the top surface of the solidified mixture 7 is lower than the top end of the wire 3 and higher than the top surface of the tunnel 5.
Preferably, the spacing of the net hanging cables is 2-20 m, the diameter of the net hanging cables is 100-500 mm, and the side length of the grid on the net is less than or equal to 2mm.
Preferably, the length of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is 2-30 m.
Preferably, the setting mixture includes: sand and/or gravel, in a volume ratio greater than 60%; an inorganic coagulant material, which occupies less than 40% by volume; the particle size of the sand and/or the gravel is 3-15 mm.
Preferably, the inorganic coagulation material comprises blast furnace water slag or steel slag, the grain size of the blast furnace water slag is 3-5 mm, and the grain size of the steel slag is 3-15 mm.
The invention relates to a construction method of a calm underwater net hanging masking tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
1) Two vertical shafts 1 are manufactured and respectively used as a driving well and a receiving well, a side wall of the driving well and the receiving well, through which a prefabricated tunnel pipe joint 51 passes, is provided with a door opening 101 matched with the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint 51, a notch 102 is arranged in the center of the door opening 101 in the up-down or left-right direction, and a temporary sealing structure is arranged on the door opening 101 and the notch 102; see fig. 3, 4;
2) The method comprises the steps that a driving well and a receiving well are respectively arranged on the side of two sides of a water area to be traversed by a tunnel, weak permeable soil bodies or impermeable soil bodies with the length of more than 30m are reserved between the driving well and the side of the water area to be traversed, and the bottoms of the driving well and the receiving well are higher than a water foundation bed; two net hanging cables 2 are arranged in parallel in a water area to be traversed, and two ends of each net hanging cable 2 are respectively fixed on the shore sides of the corresponding two vertical shafts 1; the length of the net hanging cable 2 corresponds to the distance between the two shafts 1; the distance between the two net hanging cables is larger than the width of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint;
3) Two ends of the net 3 are respectively arranged on the two net hanging cables 2, and the bottom of the net 3 is laid on a water bed in the water area 100 to be traversed; the length of the hanging net 3 corresponds to the distance 3 of the water area to be traversed; see fig. 2, 5;
4) Opening the gaps of door openings of the driving well and the receiving well, respectively penetrating two guide cables 4 with joints into the gaps of the door openings of the driving well and the receiving well, directionally drilling through the weak permeable soil bodies or the impermeable soil bodies 200 on the two sides to the middle of the water area 100 to be penetrated, and connecting the two guide cables on the driving well and the receiving well into a whole; tensioning the two guide cables 4 to enable the two guide cables 4 to be arranged in parallel on the upper and lower sides or left and right sides of the door openings of the driving well and the receiving well; see fig. 1, 6;
5) The first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is sent into a driving well, the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is a steel pipe or a steel pipe concrete pipe, and the cross section of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is a half ring body of a 180-degree installation connecting ring up and down or left and right; the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is sent to a door opening, and the other half ring body of the connecting ring is hung on the guide cable and then connected with the half ring body of the connecting ring on the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to form a circular ring; pushing the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section to move towards the receiving well through the door opening by using the jacking device, and reserving a part of the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section to be positioned in the driving well; the front end of the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is provided with a closed end plate;
6) The second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is sent into a driving well, and the other half ring body of the connecting ring is hung on the guide cable and then connected with the half ring body of the connecting ring on the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to form a circular ring; the front end of the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is connected with the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section into a whole, the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is pushed to move towards the receiving well through the door opening by the jacking device, and the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is reserved to be partially positioned in the driving well;
7) Repeating the step 5) to sequentially send the N sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints into a driving well, and pushing the N sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints to pass through a door opening after connecting the previous section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint until the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint reaches a receiving well and passes through the door opening of the receiving well; all the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections which are connected in a penetrating way are submerged between the two net hanging cables, and the top surfaces of the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections are lower than the tops of the two net hanging cables; removing a head closed end plate of the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint and connecting the head closed end plate with a receiving well;
8) Blowing and filling the solidified mixture between the hanging net and the tunnel, wherein the top surface of the solidified mixture is lower than the top end of the hanging net and higher than the top surface of the tunnel, see fig. 7; after the solidification of the solidification mixture, the net hanging and shielding tunnel under the calm water surface is built.
Preferably, the diameter of the guide cable is 100-1000 mm;
preferably, the guide cable is a composite cable formed by winding a steel cable on the outer side and the chemical fiber inner core, and the average mass density of the composite cable is not more than +/-5% different from that of water.
Preferably, a counterweight is arranged in the through prefabricated tunnel pipe section so as to maintain the buoyancy to be less than the gravity, a calm subsurface net hanging and shielding tunnel is built after the solidification of the solidified mixture, then the counterweight is gradually removed from the tunnel, facilities in the tunnel are built, and the buoyancy is maintained to be less than the gravity.
Preferably, the particle size of the solidified mixture is 3-15 mm; wherein the grain diameter of the sand and/or the gravel is 3-15 mm, and the volume ratio is more than 60%; the grain diameter of the inorganic coagulation material blast furnace slag is 3-5 mm, the grain diameter of the slag is 3-15 mm, and the volume ratio of the slag is less than 40%.
Preferably, the maximum lateral deviation of the guide cable in the control water area is smaller than 2 times of the diameter of the guide cable, and the maximum lateral deviation of the guide cable in the shoreside soil layer area is smaller than 0.5 times of the diameter of the guide cable.
Preferably, in step 5), the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is pushed to move towards the receiving well through the door opening by the pushing device, and meanwhile, the expansion sealing material is injected into the weak water-permeable soil body or the impermeable soil body of the shore within the radius range of the tunnel one time outside the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint at a hydrostatic pressure value of 2-5 times.
Preferably, the expansion seal material comprises polyurethane foam.
Examples
A construction method of a calm underwater net-hanging masking type tunnel comprises the following steps:
1) Two vertical shafts, namely a driving well and a receiving well, are respectively arranged on two sides of the water area to be traversed, the distance between the driving well and the receiving well is 399m, and weak water-permeable soil bodies or impermeable soil bodies with the length of 49.5m are reserved between the driving well and the receiving well and the water area to be traversed;
the height of the driving well is 32.4m, the length is 25.5m, the width is 16m, the inner side wall, the left side wall, the right side wall and the bottom plate on one side of the near water area are reinforced concrete structures with the thickness of 0.5m, and the outer side wall opposite to the inner side wall is a reinforced concrete structure with the thickness of 1.0 m; the elevation of the bottom plate is 28.4m below the average water level, and a circular door opening with the radius of 5.05m is formed by taking the height of 5.95m above the surface of the bottom plate as the center of a circle in the center of the inner side wall; a lower notch is arranged right below the round door opening, the lower half part of the lower notch is semicircular with the diameter of 0.52m, and the upper half part is rectangular with the width of 0.52m and the height of 0.21 m; an upper notch is formed right above the round door opening, the upper half part of the upper notch is semicircular with the diameter of 0.52m, the lower half part of the upper notch is rectangular with the width of 0.52m and the height of 0.21m, and the upper notch, the lower notch and the door opening are temporarily closed;
the height of the receiving well is 32.4mm, the length is 16m, and the width is 16m; the inner side wall, the left side wall, the right side wall and the bottom plate on one side of the near water area are reinforced concrete structures with the thickness of 0.5m, and the outer side wall opposite to the inner side wall is a reinforced concrete structure with the thickness of 1.0 m; the elevation of the bottom plate is 28.4m below the average water level, and a circular door opening with the radius of 5.05m is formed by taking the height of 5.95m above the surface of the bottom plate as the center of a circle in the center of the inner side wall; a lower notch is arranged right below the round door opening, the lower half part of the lower notch is semicircular with the diameter of 0.52m, and the upper half part is rectangular with the width of 0.52m and the height of 0.21 m; an upper notch is formed right above the round door opening, the upper half part of the upper notch is semicircular with the diameter of 0.52m, and the lower half part of the upper notch is rectangular with the width of 0.52m and the height of 0.21 m;
2) Two mutually parallel net hanging cables are arranged from the side of a driving well to the side of a receiving well of a water area to be traversed, two ends of each net hanging cable are respectively fixed on the sides of the two sides, and a plurality of buoys are arranged on the net hanging cables, so that the net hanging cables float on a calm water surface; the upper ends of two sides of the hanging net are connected with the hanging net cable, and the bottom of the hanging net is paved on a water base bed to form a U-shaped cross section; the horizontal distance between two parallel net hanging cables is 12.4m, the length of the net hanging cables is 300m, the diameter is 0.4m, and the side length of the net hanging grid is 1mm;
3) Opening a temporary sealing structure of a door opening gap of the driving well, ejecting a guide cable with a connecting joint towards the receiving well, and enabling the guide cable to pass through the gap and the weak permeable soil body or the impermeable soil body; opening a temporary sealing structure of a door opening gap of the receiving well, ejecting a guide cable with a connecting joint towards the direction of the driving well, and enabling the guide cable to pass through the door opening gap and a weak permeable soil body or a impermeable soil body; the guide cable diameter is 0.4m;
the middle of the water area is respectively connected with the connecting joints on the guide cables from the driving well and the receiving well to form a cable;
tensioning the two guide cables, wherein one end of each guide cable passes through a gap of a door opening on the inner side wall of the driving well and is fixed on the outer side wall of the driving well; the other end passes through a notch of a door opening on the inner side wall of the receiving well and is fixed on the outer side wall of the receiving well; one end of the tensioning cable penetrates through a door opening notch on the inner side wall of the driving well and is fixed on the outer side wall of the driving well; the other end passes through the notch on the inner side wall of the receiving well and is fixed on the outer side wall of the receiving well;
4) The 1 st section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section to the 20 th section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is a steel pipe or a concrete filled steel tube, the outer diameter of the pipe section is 10m, and the length is 20m;
placing the segment 1 prefabricated tunnel pipe joint in a driving well, and fixedly connecting a connecting ring to the right upper side and the lower side of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint; a head closed end plate is arranged at one end, close to the receiving well, of the 1 st section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section, then a tunnel jacking device in a driving well is utilized to push the prefabricated tunnel pipe section to penetrate through a driving well door opening and move towards the receiving well, and a counterweight is arranged in the prefabricated tunnel pipe section so as to maintain the buoyancy slightly smaller than the gravity;
arranging connecting rings at the driving well to penetrate through the cable, wherein each connecting ring can divide a complete ring into two sections in advance, and the complete rings are connected after the connecting rings are respectively installed to penetrate through the cable;
placing the 2 nd section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint in a driving well, and fixedly connecting a connecting ring to the right upper side and the lower side of the 2 nd section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint;
the method comprises the steps of adopting a bolt connection or welding method to enable a 2 nd section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to be in butt joint and communicated with a 1 st section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint adjacent to the receiving well in the direction, and then pushing the 2 nd section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to move towards the receiving well by utilizing a jacking device in a driving well; meanwhile, a counterweight is arranged in the prefabricated tunnel pipe section which is connected and communicated with the opposite part so as to maintain the buoyancy to be slightly less than the gravity;
5) Repeating the step 4) until the 20 th prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is installed, and jacking all the through-connected pipe joints to a preset position, wherein the head closed end plate of the 1 st prefabricated tunnel pipe joint reaches a receiving well and penetrates through a receiving well door opening; all the pipe joints which are connected in a penetrating way are arranged between the two wings of the submerged hanging net, and the height of the pipe joints is 4.5m lower than the lowest part of the top of the U-shaped cross section dense mesh net;
6) Removing a head closed end plate of the 1 st section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint and connecting the head closed end plate with a receiving well; removing a jacking device of the driving well, and connecting one end, close to the direction of the driving well, of the 20 th section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint with the driving well; thus, the two ends of the through-connected tunnel are connected with the driving well and the receiving well into two mutually parallel through integers;
7) The method comprises the steps that a solidification mixture composed of sand, blast furnace granulated slag, ground steel slag and other solidification particles is filled between a hanging net and a tunnel in a blowing mode, the elevation of the top surface of the mixture is 3m lower than the lowest position of the top of the hanging net and 1.5m higher than the top surface of the tunnel, and a masked tunnel in a soft soil foundation under water is built after the mixture is solidified; and then gradually dismantling the balance weight arranged in the tunnel, constructing facilities in the tunnel, and maintaining the buoyancy to be smaller than the gravity.
Claims (13)
1. A calm subsurface trawl-screened tunnel comprising:
two vertical shafts are respectively arranged on the shore sides of two banks in the water area to be traversed by the tunnel, weak permeable soil bodies or impermeable soil bodies with the length of more than 30m are reserved between the vertical shafts and the shore sides of the water area to be traversed, and the bottoms of the vertical shafts are higher than a water foundation bed; a side wall of the two vertical shafts, through which the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections penetrate, is provided with a door opening matched with the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections, and the upper and lower or left and right centers of the inner edges of the door opening are provided with notches;
the two net hanging cables are arranged in parallel and are spanned in the water area to be traversed, and two ends of the net hanging cables are respectively fixed on the shore sides of the two shafts; the length of the net hanging cable corresponds to the distance between the two shafts;
the cross section of the net hanging is U-shaped, two ends of the net hanging are respectively arranged on the two net hanging cables, and the bottom of the net hanging is laid on a water bed in the water to be penetrated; the length of the hanging net corresponds to the distance of the water area to be traversed;
two guide cables respectively pass through notches arranged at the upper and lower or left and right centers of a door opening of one side wall of the two vertical shafts to be stretched horizontally, and two ends of the guide cables are respectively anchored in the two vertical shafts;
the tunnel is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints in series; connecting rings are respectively arranged at the upper and lower or left and right sides of the outer edge of the cross section of each section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint; connecting rings arranged up and down or left and right of each section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint penetrate through the two guide cables; the width of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is smaller than the distance between the two net hanging cables; the solidification mixture is filled between the hanging net and the tunnel; the top surface of the solidified mixture is lower than the top end of the net and higher than the top surface of the tunnel.
2. The calm subsurface screen masking tunnel of claim 1, wherein the screen cables have a spacing of 2-20 m, a screen cable diameter of 100-500 mm, and a grid side length on the screen of 2mm or less.
3. The calm subsurface trawl shelter tunnel of claim 1, wherein the prefabricated tunnel pipe section has a length of 2-30 m.
4. The calm subsurface trawl shelter tunnel of claim 1, wherein the set mix comprises: sand and/or gravel, in a volume ratio greater than 60%; an inorganic coagulant material, which occupies less than 40% by volume; the particle size of the sand and/or the gravel is 3-15 mm.
5. The calm subsurface trawl-screened tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the inorganic coagulant material comprises blast furnace slag or steel slag, the particle size of the blast furnace slag is 3-5 mm, and the particle size of the steel slag is 3-15 mm.
6. The construction method of a calm subsurface screening-covered tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) Two vertical shafts are manufactured and respectively used as a driving well and a receiving well, a side wall of the driving well and the receiving well, which is used for a prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to pass through, is provided with a door opening matched with the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint, the center of the door opening is provided with a notch at the upper and lower or left and right sides, and the door opening and the notch are provided with temporary closed structures;
2) The method comprises the steps that a driving well and a receiving well are respectively arranged on the side of two sides of a water area to be traversed by a tunnel, weak permeable soil bodies or impermeable soil bodies with the length of more than 30m are reserved between the driving well and the side of the water area to be traversed, and the bottoms of the driving well and the receiving well are higher than a water foundation bed; two net hanging cables are arranged in parallel in a water area to be traversed, and two ends of each net hanging cable are respectively fixed on the shore sides of the corresponding two shafts; the length of the net hanging cable corresponds to the distance of the water area to be traversed; the distance between the two net hanging cables is larger than the width of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint;
3) Two ends of the net are respectively arranged on the two net hanging cables, and the bottom of the net is laid on a water bed in the water to be traversed; the length of the hanging net corresponds to the distance of the water area to be traversed;
4) Opening the gaps of door openings on the driving well and the receiving well, respectively penetrating two guide cables with joints into the gaps of the door openings on the driving well and the receiving well, directionally drilling through weak permeable soil bodies or impermeable soil bodies on two sides to the middle of a water area to be penetrated, and connecting the two guide cables on the driving well and the receiving well into a whole; tensioning the two guide cables to enable the two guide cables to be arranged in parallel on the upper and lower sides or left and right sides of the driving well and the receiving well door opening;
5) The first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is sent into a driving well, the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is a steel pipe or a steel pipe concrete pipe, and the cross section of the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is a half ring body of a 180-degree installation connecting ring up and down or left and right; the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is sent to a door opening, and the other half ring body of the connecting ring is hung on the guide cable and then connected with the half ring body of the connecting ring on the prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to form a circular ring; pushing the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section to move towards the receiving well through the door opening by using the jacking device, and reserving a part of the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section to be positioned in the driving well; the front end of the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is provided with a closed end plate;
6) The second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint is sent into a driving well, and the other half ring body of the connecting ring is hung on the guide cable and then connected with the half ring body of the connecting ring on the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint to form a circular ring; the front end of the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is connected with the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section into a whole, the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is pushed to move towards the receiving well through the door opening by the jacking device, and the second section of prefabricated tunnel pipe section is reserved to be partially positioned in the driving well;
7) Repeating the step 5) to sequentially send the N sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints into a driving well, and pushing the N sections of prefabricated tunnel pipe joints to pass through a door opening after connecting the previous section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint until the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint reaches a receiving well and passes through the door opening of the receiving well; all the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections which are connected in a penetrating way are immersed between the two net hanging cables, and the top surfaces of the prefabricated tunnel pipe sections are lower than the tops of the two net hanging cables; removing a head closed end plate of the first section of prefabricated tunnel pipe joint and connecting the head closed end plate with a receiving well;
8) And (3) filling the solidification mixture between the hanging net and the tunnel in a blowing way, wherein the top surface of the solidification mixture is lower than the top end of the hanging net and higher than the top surface of the tunnel, and constructing the hanging net shielding tunnel under the calm water surface after the solidification of the solidification mixture.
7. The method for constructing a calm subsurface screening blind tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the guide cable has a diameter of 100 to 1000mm.
8. The method of constructing a calm subsurface screen covered tunnel as claimed in claim 6, wherein said guide cable is a composite cable of a chemical fiber inner core and an outer wound steel cable, the average mass density of which is not more than + -5% different from the mass density of water.
9. The method for constructing a calm subsurface screening type tunnel according to claim 6, wherein a counterweight is provided in the through prefabricated tunnel pipe section to maintain buoyancy less than gravity, the calm subsurface screening type tunnel is constructed after the solidification of the solidification mixture, and then the counterweight is gradually removed to construct facilities in the tunnel and maintain buoyancy less than gravity.
10. The method for constructing a calm subsurface screening-covered tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the particle size of the solidified mixture is 3-15 mm; wherein the grain diameter of the sand and/or the gravel is 3-15 mm, and the volume ratio is more than 60%; the grain diameter of the inorganic coagulation material blast furnace slag is 3-5 mm, the grain diameter of the slag is 3-15 mm, and the volume ratio of the slag is less than 40%.
11. The method of constructing a calm subsurface screen shelter tunnel as claimed in claim 6, wherein the control water guide cable maximum lateral deviation is less than 2 guide cable diameters, and the shoreside soil layer region guide cable maximum lateral deviation is less than 0.5 guide cable diameters.
12. The method for constructing a calm subsurface screening-type tunnel according to claim 6, wherein in step 5), the prefabricated tunnel pipe section is pushed to move in the direction of the receiving well through the door opening by the pushing device, and meanwhile, the expansion sealing material is injected into the shoreside weakly permeable soil body or the impermeable soil body within the radius range of one time of the tunnel outside the prefabricated tunnel pipe section at a value of 2-5 times of hydrostatic pressure.
13. The method of constructing a calm subsurface trawl shelter tunnel as claimed in claim 12, wherein the intumescent sealing material is polyurethane foam.
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