GB496581A - An improved method of driving tunnels under water or in water-bearing strata - Google Patents
An improved method of driving tunnels under water or in water-bearing strataInfo
- Publication number
- GB496581A GB496581A GB1543637A GB1543637A GB496581A GB 496581 A GB496581 A GB 496581A GB 1543637 A GB1543637 A GB 1543637A GB 1543637 A GB1543637 A GB 1543637A GB 496581 A GB496581 A GB 496581A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- water
- piling
- sections
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/063—Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water
- E02D29/077—Tunnels at least partially built beneath the water-bed characterised by being made by methods involving disturbance thereof all along the location line, e.g. by cut-and-cover or caisson methods
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
496,581. Tunnelling ; cofferdams. HALLINGER, G. June 3, 1937, No. 15436. [Classes 68 (i), 68 (ii), and 85] In driving tunnels under water or in waterbearing strata with the aid of a tunnelling shield, timbering or other sheathing, the site is first enclosed by piling either at the sides and ends of sections or throughout at the sides, the piling extending from above water level to an impervious stratum, or at least to below the bottom of the tunnel, and the shield &c. being driven through the enclosed site. In waterbearing strata, sheet piling w, Fig. 3, is driven throughout the length of the tunnel or of the water-bearing strata, or in sections shut off by sheet piling w<1>, the piling extending into an impervious layer or below the floor of the proposed tunnel. If two or more tunnels are to be driven, intermediate walls w<2>, Fig. 6, may also be driven. When working below water, the spaces between the pilings may be filled with earth d, and dams e of earth may also be formed externally, the transverse walls w<1> being then extended laterally, preferably at an angle, to prevent the dams being washed away. A cover f, which may be curved, may be placed on the earth between the walls w. In Fig. 7, the walls w are connected by hinged ties h tightened by turnbuckles i, and conerete j is then placed on to the water bed and round the ties h by means of hoppers k ; earth may be placed on the concrete and dams e formed as in Fig. 6. After construction of the tunnel, the piles may be removed or cut off at the level of the concrete j; the cut-off sections may be welded together for further use. In Fig. 8, the piling w forms part of the casing in which the tunnel lining is formed, with or without a separating layer n. If the upper part of the tunnel is formed in advance of the lower part, brackets m are provided on the piling to support the upper part of the lining. Weak concrete o may be filled in between the concrete j and lining. In Fig. 10, the upper part s<1> of the lining is preformed and lowered in sections on to the river bed or into a trench y formed therein; alternatively, iron framework t, protected as by sprayed cement and provided with a sheet-metal facing u, is lowered, sections of the framework being connected as by Z- members p, Fig. 11, and packings q, and fixed to the piles, the framework being then filled with concrete through hoppers v. Water is then pumped out to permit the lower part of the tunnel to be excavated and lined.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1543637A GB496581A (en) | 1937-06-03 | 1937-06-03 | An improved method of driving tunnels under water or in water-bearing strata |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1543637A GB496581A (en) | 1937-06-03 | 1937-06-03 | An improved method of driving tunnels under water or in water-bearing strata |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB496581A true GB496581A (en) | 1938-12-02 |
Family
ID=10059094
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB1543637A Expired GB496581A (en) | 1937-06-03 | 1937-06-03 | An improved method of driving tunnels under water or in water-bearing strata |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB496581A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101768979B (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-06-08 | 上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院 | Enclosure structure with ultrashort underground wall |
CN110359471A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-22 | 安徽建筑大学 | Subaqueous tunnel highly permeable sandy soil layer impermeabilisation destroys structure and construction method |
CN114960757A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Net-hanging masking type tunnel under still water surface and construction method thereof |
CN116244794A (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-06-09 | 中铁隧道勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Calculation method for minimum safe overlying strata thickness of underwater non-blasting undercut tunnel |
-
1937
- 1937-06-03 GB GB1543637A patent/GB496581A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101768979B (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-06-08 | 上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院 | Enclosure structure with ultrashort underground wall |
CN110359471A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-22 | 安徽建筑大学 | Subaqueous tunnel highly permeable sandy soil layer impermeabilisation destroys structure and construction method |
CN110359471B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2024-04-26 | 安徽建筑大学 | Anti-seepage damage structure of strong water-permeable sandy soil layer of underwater tunnel and construction method |
CN114960757A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Net-hanging masking type tunnel under still water surface and construction method thereof |
CN114960757B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2024-03-08 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Calm subsurface net hanging masking type tunnel and construction method thereof |
CN116244794A (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-06-09 | 中铁隧道勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Calculation method for minimum safe overlying strata thickness of underwater non-blasting undercut tunnel |
CN116244794B (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-12-29 | 中铁隧道勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Calculation method for minimum safe overlying strata thickness of underwater non-blasting undercut tunnel |
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