CN114960026A - 一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及活性炭纤维制备技术领域,尤其为一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,先将大于5D的粘胶粗纤维按照针刺机的规定要求进行针刺,再次利用的磷酸盐对针刺后的纤维进行浸泡,浸泡时采用二次浸渍的方法,随后将压干后的原料进行烘干,再次进行预氧化处理,产生大量的焦油等低分子裂解物,最后进行高温碳化活化,碳化活化均在氮气保护下对炭纤维表面进行活化成孔,得到活性炭纤维毡成品,本发明中,粘胶原料纤维规格采用≥5D的材料,即纤维截面积相比较于2.5D增加了一倍,而体积是原来的2倍,如果是同样的克重,纤维的数量几乎是原来的1/2,堆积在一起的密度就比较小,纤维间的缝隙比2.5D大,风阻有明显的下降。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及活性炭纤维制备技术领域,具体为一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法。
背景技术
活性炭纤维(ACF)巨大的比表面积和特殊的表面微孔结构,使其具有吸附脱附速度快、易再生、能反复再生使用等一系列优点,这是活性炭等其他多孔性吸附材料难以匹敌的,它广泛应用于溶剂回收、空气净化、环境保护等领域;在溶剂回收、空气净化时,由于活性炭纤维的密度比较大,堆积的活性炭纤维层有几十层,都需配备相当大功率的风机,以克服活性炭纤维材料阻力,特别是溶剂回收设备,配备的风机功率几十千瓦,压降数Kpa,能耗大,因此在实际的应用中,要求活性炭纤维的风阻比较小,所配备的风机的功率将会降低,节约了能耗,节约了成本,因此,生产低风阻的、高效的活性炭纤维是迫切需要解决的。
目前国内粘胶原料纤维规格,普遍的≤2.5D(旦),比较细,用针刺的方法将粘胶纤维加工成活性炭纤维毡,堆积在一起密度大,有不透风的感觉。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的用针刺的方法将粘胶纤维加工成活性炭纤维毡,堆积在一起密度大不透风的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,针刺:
针刺是将大于5D的粘胶粗纤维,放在开松机内进行开松疏匀处理,随后将粘胶粗纤维放置在针刺机上进行平铺均匀,粗纤维平铺后按照针刺机的规定要求进行针刺,针刺结束后,利用脱毛板将纤维从针刺机上进行剥离;
步骤二,浸渍:
利用5-15%的磷酸盐对针刺后的纤维进行浸泡,浸泡时采用二次浸渍的方法,操作为先进行浸渍,再次进行压干,随后再次进行二次浸渍,浸渍后进行二次压干;
步骤三,烘干:
将压干后的原料在110-120℃的条件下进行烘干,烘干后的总重量增加量在5-20%的范围内;
步骤四,预氧化:
将反应釜内的温度控制为10-400℃,在氮气压力下进行碳化,产生大量的焦油等低分子裂解物,反应的时间控制为5-8h;
步骤五,高温碳化活化:
将预氧化后的纤维放置在400-800℃的温度下进行高温碳化,随后采用750-900℃的水蒸汽进行活化,碳化活化均在氮气保护下对炭纤维表面进行活化成孔,得到活性炭纤维毡成品。
优选的,所述针刺机使用时要求针的密度均匀,针刺的深度适中,同时频率和进料的速度协调,可以使纤维毡的手感柔和,并且不会板结僵硬。
优选的,所述在浸渍操作中,压干后的纤维毡湿重增加重量在80-120%的范围内。
优选的,所述在高温碳化活化的步骤中,活化剂釆用H2O+CO2,水蒸气温度应加热到120-150℃、流量为10-20ml/min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明中,粘胶原料纤维规格采用≥5D(旦)的材料,即纤维截面积相比较于2.5D增加了一倍,而体积是原来的2倍,如果是同样的克重,纤维的数量几乎是原来的1/2,堆积在一起的密度就比较小,纤维间的缝隙比2.5D大,风阻有明显的下降。
附图说明
图1为本发明的检测结果示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
请参阅图1,本发明提供一种技术方案:
一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,针刺:
针刺是将大于5D的粘胶粗纤维,放在开松机内进行开松疏匀处理,随后将粘胶粗纤维放置在针刺机上进行平铺均匀,粗纤维平铺后按照针刺机的规定要求进行针刺,针刺机使用时要求针的密度均匀,针刺的深度适中,同时频率和进料的速度协调,可以使纤维毡的手感柔和,并且不会板结僵硬,针刺结束后,利用脱毛板将纤维从针刺机上进行剥离;
步骤二,浸渍:
利用8%的磷酸盐对针刺后的纤维进行浸泡,浸泡时采用二次浸渍的方法,操作为先进行浸渍,再次进行压干,随后再次进行二次浸渍,浸渍后进行二次压干,二次压干后的纤维毡湿重增加重量为95%;
步骤三,烘干:
将压干后的原料在110℃的条件下进行烘干,烘干后的总重量增加量为10%;
步骤四,预氧化:
将反应釜内的温度控制为280℃,在氮气压力下进行碳化,产生大量的焦油等低分子裂解物,反应的时间控制为8h;
步骤五,高温碳化活化:
将预氧化后的纤维放置在600℃的温度下进行高温碳化,随后采用750℃的水蒸汽进行活化,活化剂釆用H2O+CO2,水蒸气温度应加热到120℃、流量为10ml/min,碳化活化均在氮气保护下对炭纤维表面进行活化成孔,得到活性炭纤维毡成品。
实施例2:
请参阅图1,本发明提供一种技术方案:
一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,针刺:
针刺是将大于5D的粘胶粗纤维,放在开松机内进行开松疏匀处理,随后将粘胶粗纤维放置在针刺机上进行平铺均匀,粗纤维平铺后按照针刺机的规定要求进行针刺,针刺机使用时要求针的密度均匀,针刺的深度适中,同时频率和进料的速度协调,可以使纤维毡的手感柔和,并且不会板结僵硬,针刺结束后,利用脱毛板将纤维从针刺机上进行剥离;
步骤二,浸渍:
利用13%的磷酸盐对针刺后的纤维进行浸泡,浸泡时采用二次浸渍的方法,操作为先进行浸渍,再次进行压干,随后再次进行二次浸渍,浸渍后进行二次压干,二次压干后的纤维毡湿重增加重量为100%;
步骤三,烘干:
将压干后的原料在120℃的条件下进行烘干,烘干后的总重量增加量为18%;
步骤四,预氧化:
将反应釜内的温度控制为350℃,在氮气压力下进行碳化,产生大量的焦油等低分子裂解物,反应的时间控制为8h;
步骤五,高温碳化活化:
将预氧化后的纤维放置在700℃的温度下进行高温碳化,随后采用850℃的水蒸汽进行活化,活化剂釆用H2O+CO2,水蒸气温度应加热到135℃、流量为18ml/min,碳化活化均在氮气保护下对炭纤维表面进行活化成孔,得到活性炭纤维毡成品。
实施例3:
请参阅图1,本发明提供一种技术方案:
一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,针刺:
针刺是将大于5D的粘胶粗纤维,放在开松机内进行开松疏匀处理,随后将粘胶粗纤维放置在针刺机上进行平铺均匀,粗纤维平铺后按照针刺机的规定要求进行针刺,针刺机使用时要求针的密度均匀,针刺的深度适中,同时频率和进料的速度协调,可以使纤维毡的手感柔和,并且不会板结僵硬,针刺结束后,利用脱毛板将纤维从针刺机上进行剥离;
步骤二,浸渍:
利用15%的磷酸盐对针刺后的纤维进行浸泡,浸泡时采用二次浸渍的方法,操作为先进行浸渍,再次进行压干,随后再次进行二次浸渍,浸渍后进行二次压干,二次压干后的纤维毡湿重增加重量为120%;
步骤三,烘干:
将压干后的原料在120℃的条件下进行烘干,烘干后的总重量增加量在20%的范围内;
步骤四,预氧化:
将反应釜内的温度控制为400℃,在氮气压力下进行碳化,产生大量的焦油等低分子裂解物,反应的时间控制为8h;
步骤五,高温碳化活化:
将预氧化后的纤维放置在800℃的温度下进行高温碳化,随后采用900℃的水蒸汽进行活化,活化剂釆用H2O+CO2,水蒸气温度应加热到150℃、流量为20ml/min,碳化活化均在氮气保护下对炭纤维表面进行活化成孔,得到活性炭纤维毡成品。
检测实验:
分别取≤2.5D的原材料STF1300和>5D的原材料STF1300T进行实验,控制测试风速为0.5m/s;
原材料STF1300的克重为250g/㎡,厚度为3.5mm,吸笨为43.4%,比表面积1360㎡/g;
原材料STF1300T的克重为250g/㎡,厚度为3.5mm,吸笨为44.2%,比表面积1380㎡/g;
实验结果为:由2.5D和5D原料生产的活性炭纤维毡,经过检测,两种原材料的风阻为255pa和120pa,5D原料生产的活性炭纤维毡的风阻明显的比2.5D原料生产的活性炭纤维毡的风阻小。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,由于文字表达的有限性,而客观上存在无限的具体结构,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进、润饰或变化,也可以将上述技术特征以适当的方式进行组合;这些改进润饰、变化或组合,或未经改进将发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的,均应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,针刺:
针刺是将大于5D的粘胶粗纤维,放在开松机内进行开松疏匀处理,随后将粘胶粗纤维放置在针刺机上进行平铺均匀,粗纤维平铺后按照针刺机的规定要求进行针刺,针刺结束后,利用脱毛板将纤维从针刺机上进行剥离;
步骤二,浸渍:
利用5-15%的磷酸盐对针刺后的纤维进行浸泡,浸泡时采用二次浸渍的方法,操作为先进行浸渍,再次进行压干,随后再次进行二次浸渍,浸渍后进行二次压干;
步骤三,烘干:
将压干后的原料在110-120℃的条件下进行烘干,烘干后的总重量增加量在5-20%的范围内;
步骤四,预氧化:
将反应釜内的温度控制为10-400℃,在氮气压力下进行碳化,产生大量的焦油等低分子裂解物,反应的时间控制为5-8h;
步骤五,高温碳化活化:
将预氧化后的纤维放置在400-800℃的温度下进行高温碳化,随后采用750-900℃的水蒸汽进行活化,碳化活化均在氮气保护下对炭纤维表面进行活化成孔,得到活性炭纤维毡成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,其特征在于:所述针刺机使用时要求针的密度均匀,针刺的深度适中,同时频率和进料的速度协调,可以使纤维毡的手感柔和,并且不会板结僵硬。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,其特征在于:所述在浸渍操作中,压干后的纤维毡湿重增加重量在80-120%的范围内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低风阻高性能的活性炭纤维制备方法,其特征在于:所述在高温碳化活化的步骤中,活化剂釆用H2O+CO2,水蒸气温度应加热到120-150℃、流量为10-20ml/min。
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