CN114959357B - Bismuth base alloy and energy storage heat exchange method - Google Patents
Bismuth base alloy and energy storage heat exchange method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
- F24H7/04—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bismuth base alloy and an energy storage heat exchange method, wherein the bismuth base alloy comprises the following components: 25-45wt% of Pb, 10-15wt% of Sn, 2-6wt% of In, mg a, ti b, and the balance Bi and unavoidable impurities; wherein the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 100ppm; a is the content of Mg, b is the content of Ti, a+b is less than or equal to 180ppm and less than or equal to 240ppm, a: b=2-3:2-3. The bismuth base alloy disclosed by the invention has good heat storage performance, low corrosiveness to steel and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bismuth base alloy and an energy storage heat exchange method, in particular to a bismuth base alloy with low corrosiveness and an energy storage heat exchange method.
Background
At present, in the technical processes of metallurgy and chemical industry, the working temperature of a reactor is usually in the range of 250-1700 ℃, various devices and parts which need to work under medium-high temperature working conditions are also arranged, and in order to safely and stably work under high-temperature media such as melt, molten salt and medium-high pressure liquid environment, most of the devices and parts adopt a heat dredging mode, namely the heat on the working surface of the reactor is rapidly taken away through a cooling medium, so that the purposes of reducing the temperature of the working surface of the reactor and ensuring the safe and stable operation of a reactor body are achieved, and circulating cooling water or low-pressure saturated steam with fluidity and cooling effect is most commonly used.
The heat dredging mode of the circulating cooling water is that room temperature water enters a water cooling jacket of the reactor at a certain flow rate, the temperature of the water is raised by 10-15 ℃ in an indirect heat exchange mode, and then the water is discharged out of the jacket and enters an external cooling tower, and the cooling tower utilizes the direct contact heat exchange of the water and the air to achieve the purpose of reducing the water temperature. There are the following problems: the circulation amount of the cooling water is large, the total heat loss of the water corresponding to the temperature difference of 10-15 ℃ is low, the boiling point of the water is low, the heat storage capacity is not high enough, and in addition, if the cooling water is heated to form water vapor, the process is a process with increased volume, so that the pipeline system has higher safety risk.
The heat dredging mode of low pressure saturated steam is that room temperature water or deoxidized water enters a vaporization jacket of a reactor at a certain flow rate, and through an indirect heat exchange mode, inlet water is heated and vaporized to be converted into steam-water mixture at a corresponding temperature of 0.2-0.3 MPa to be discharged, and the actual conditions of metallurgical and chemical industries are that saturated steam generated in the mode is low in pressure and low in steam flow, and is generally used for deoxidizing, heating source or evacuating at present, and the heat cannot be efficiently and economically recovered in the current utilization mode.
Therefore, after intensive research by the applicant, the bismuth base alloy is taken as a heat exchange medium in a reactor in the metallurgical and chemical industries, and various defects existing by taking cooling water as the heat exchange medium can be possibly overcome. However, the applicant has further studied and found that the reactor is generally made of steel material, while the common bismuth-based alloys are more corrosive to steel material, making it difficult to use the bismuth-based alloys as heat exchange medium for steel reactors.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a bismuth base alloy with good heat storage performance and low corrosion to steel; the second purpose of the invention is to provide an energy storage heat exchange method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a bismuth base alloy consists of the following components: 25-45wt% of Pb, 10-20wt% of Sn, 2-15wt% of In, mg a, ti b, and the balance Bi and unavoidable impurities; wherein the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 100ppm; a is the content of Mg, b is the content of Ti, a+b is less than or equal to 180ppm and less than or equal to 240ppm, a: b=2-3:2-3.
Further, the bismuth base alloy consists of the following components: 26-37wt% of Pb, 12-18wt% of Sn, 3-10wt% of In, mg a, ti b, and the balance Bi and unavoidable impurities.
Still further, the bismuth base alloy consists of the following components: 28-35wt% of Pb, 12.5-15wt% of Sn, 3.5-5.5wt% of In, mg a, ti b, and the balance Bi and unavoidable impurities.
Further, 185ppm is less than or equal to a+b is less than or equal to 230ppm.
Still further, 190 ppm.ltoreq.a+b.ltoreq.225 ppm.
Still further, 195ppm or less a+b or less 220ppm.
Preferably, 200 ppm.ltoreq.a+b.ltoreq.210 ppm.
Further, a is more than or equal to 80ppm and less than or equal to 120ppm, b is more than or equal to 80ppm and less than or equal to 120ppm.
Further, a is more than or equal to 90ppm and less than or equal to 110ppm, b is more than or equal to 90ppm and less than or equal to 110ppm.
Preferably, 95 ppm.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.105 ppm,90 ppm.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.105 ppm.
Further, a: b=2.3-2.7:2.3-2.7, further a: b=1: 1.
further, the content of a single impurity element among the unavoidable impurity elements is 15ppm or less.
The bismuth base alloy has the physical characteristics of low melting point and high boiling point, and has good heat carrying and transferring capability in the working temperature range of the reactor (usually about 1400 ℃ and the working temperature of partial reactors is close to 2000 ℃).
An energy-storage heat exchange method comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a reactor with a reaction cavity and a jacket, wherein the jacket is arranged around the reaction cavity, and a melt is filled in the reaction cavity;
s2, inputting the melt of the bismuth base alloy into the jacket;
wherein the melt of the bismuth base alloy has a first temperature; the first temperature is lower than the temperature of the melt;
s3, outputting the melt to a heat utilization device when the temperature of the melt reaches a second temperature;
the melt after heat exchange by the heat equipment is input into the jacket again;
wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature and not higher than the temperature of the melt;
s4, repeating the steps S2 and S3 to realize energy storage and heat exchange of the melt of the bismuth base alloy.
Further, in S3, when the temperature of the melt reaches the second temperature, the melt is output into the heat retainer, and then the melt in the heat retainer is conveyed to the heat utilization device according to the need.
Optionally, the reactor is a steel reactor.
Optionally, the heat-using device is selected from a pyrometallurgical furnace, a heat exchanger, a high temperature melt chute. Optionally, the heat exchanger is an indirect heat exchanger.
The bismuth base alloy of the invention is adopted to store heat, ensure the safe and stable operation of the reactor such as a metallurgical furnace and the like in the high-temperature melt environment, improve the working temperature of the jacket, reduce the temperature difference between the jacket and the reaction cavity of the reactor, thereby reducing the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient between the melt and the medium in the jacket, eliminating the loss of cooling water, reducing the investment and operation of the whole system of the steam boiler and the auxiliary equipment thereof, and achieving the aims of reducing carbon and consumption.
In the working temperature range of the reactor, the bismuth base alloy stores heat by absorbing heat and raising the temperature, the flow speed of the bismuth base alloy in the process is basically 0m/s, only conduction heat transfer is carried out to the outside, the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient is far smaller than the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient when the cooling water is used as a heat exchange medium and has the flowing state heat exchange, and the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of the cooling water is about 3-4 times of that of the bismuth base alloy through calculation, namely, the bismuth base alloy can achieve good heat accumulation and reduce the effect of external heat transfer. Let the reynolds numbers be re=1.05x10 4 The comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of the bismuth-base alloy is about 2 times that of cooling water under the condition that other structural parameters are the same (the turbulent state is reached), namely the bismuth-base alloy can regulate the temperature of a reactor faster than water.
The bismuth base alloy provided by the invention has the characteristics of low melting point, high boiling point and strong heat carrying and heat transfer capability, can be used as a heat preservation medium and a heat exchange medium of a reactor at the same time, and can achieve the effect of temperature regulation through circulating flow between the reactor and heat utilization equipment when the temperature exceeds the working range while preserving the heat of the reactor. The heat dissipated in the reactor is recovered by using a thermal device and the temperature of the bismuth-based alloy melt is regulated. The energy storage heat exchange method can achieve the double effects of heat preservation and heat exchange on the reactor, effectively reduce fuel consumption and simplify the heat exchange system of the reactor; on the other hand, the heat can be effectively stored and utilized in the temperature adjusting process, and the energy-saving type solar energy heat pump has good energy benefit and economic benefit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The bismuth base alloy disclosed by the invention has small corrosiveness to steel materials, can effectively ensure the safety of the steel reactor during the use period, is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the reactor, and has a wide application prospect.
(2) The temperature of the melt of the bismuth base alloy can reach hundreds of DEG C without phase change, the heat quantity can be stored and can be recycled more conveniently.
(3) The melt of the bismuth-base alloy provided by the invention has the advantages of much higher density than water, large heat storage capacity and small required volume, and is beneficial to reducing the circulation amount of the bismuth-base alloy, so that the energy consumption required by circulation is reduced.
(4) The bismuth base alloy provided by the invention can be heated into a melt at first, and then is heated to a certain temperature, and is input into a jacket of a reactor, so that the melt can also heat cold materials in the reactor, and the cold materials can be heated to a molten state as long as the temperature of the melt is high enough, and the furnace opening is completed, thereby avoiding the consumption of fossil energy and the setting of furnace opening equipment of the existing metallurgical equipment, in particular to a pyrometallurgical furnace opening. The furnace is convenient to open and shut down, and is an environment-friendly furnace opening mode.
(5) The bismuth base alloy provided by the invention can effectively reduce the volume of the reactor, and is friendly to the situation of site limitation.
(6) By using the bismuth base alloy provided by the invention, a cooling water circulation system which occupies a large area of land and space and auxiliary water tanks and pump equipment thereof can be eliminated, and the equipment investment and the operation cost can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the corrosion depth of the bismuth base alloy of example 1 on a sample with the total amount of Mg and Ti under different time conditions at 600 ℃.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the corrosion depth of the bismuth base alloy of example 2 on samples at 200 ℃ under different time conditions according to the content of Mg and Ti, and the unit of the abscissa is ppm.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the corrosion depth of the bismuth base alloy of example 2 on samples at 400 ℃ under different time conditions according to the content of Mg and Ti, and the unit of the abscissa is ppm.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the corrosion depth of the bismuth base alloy of example 2 on samples at 600 ℃ under different time conditions according to the content of Mg and Ti, and the unit of the abscissa is ppm.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the corrosion depth of the LBE alloy of comparative example 1 and the bismuth-based alloy of this example on T91 steel with time under different temperature conditions.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the corrosion depth of the bismuth-based alloy of the present example on T91 steel at 600 c over time.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage heat exchange process of a bismuth base alloy melt according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a pyrometallurgical furnace system used in the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a furnace wall portion of a furnace body used in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The relevant percentages are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, the composition of the LBE (lead bismuth alloy) is: pb55.5%, bi45.5%, and other impurities less than or equal to 100ppm (wherein the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 15ppm, and nonmetallic inclusion meets GB/T10561-2005C standard). The relevant parameters for LBE are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 LBE physicochemical parameters
Remarks: the melting point is measured by a metal melting point measuring instrument, the density is measured by a densitometer method, the heat conductivity coefficient is measured by a thermal probe method, and the specific heat capacity is measured by a DSC method (the same applies below).
Example 1
The bismuth base alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components: bi content of 55%, pb content of 26%, sn content of 14%, in content of 5%, mg+Ti=0-240 ppm (total amount of Mg and Ti, see specifically FIG. 1), total content of other impurities of less than or equal to 100ppm (wherein single impurity element content of less than or equal to 15ppm, nonmetallic inclusion satisfies GB/T10561-2005 class C standard).
The full immersion corrosion test (carried out in a pyrometallurgical furnace system, as well as in the subsequent examples) was carried out by means of a coupon method, the coupon material being T91, with dimensions 4X 20X 30mm. Heating the bismuth base alloy to a target test temperature under the inert atmosphere condition to obtain a bismuth base alloy melt, inputting the bismuth base alloy melt into a first jacket layer, a purification tank and corresponding pipelines, immersing a sample hanging piece in the bismuth base alloy melt in the first jacket layer for a certain time, taking out the sample hanging piece, and measuring the corrosion depth.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the pyrometallurgical furnace system comprises a furnace body 1, a feed opening 7 and a flue 5 which are arranged at the top of the furnace body 1, wherein the furnace body 1 is hexahedral; the furnace wall of the furnace body 1 comprises a first jacket layer 18, a second jacket layer 19, a resin layer and a heat preservation layer 20 which are sequentially distributed from inside to outside, the first jacket layer 18 is filled with a molten heat exchange medium 15, and the top of the furnace body is provided with a first medium inlet 16 and a first medium outlet 17 which are communicated with the first jacket layer 18; the purification tank 2 is communicated with the first medium inlet 16 through a first pipeline 21, the purification tank 2 is communicated with the first medium outlet 17 through a second pipeline 23, and the first pipeline 21 is provided with a first pump 4; the indirect heat exchanger 3 is provided with a second medium inlet and a second medium outlet, the purification tank 2 is communicated with the second medium inlet through a third pipeline 24, the purification tank 2 is communicated with the second medium outlet through a fourth pipeline 25, and the third pipeline 24 is provided with a second pump 26. The side of the furnace body 1 is provided with a plurality of nozzles 13. The heat preservation layer 20 is made of high temperature resistant aerogel felt, and the thickness of the heat preservation layer is 8mm. The U-shaped scale tube 8,U is welded on the outer wall of the furnace body 1 and is communicated with the first jacket layer, the U-shaped scale tube 8 is provided with a liquid level alarm device 9, so that the liquid level in the first jacket can be conveniently monitored, whether leakage of a molten heat exchange medium occurs or not can be observed and judged, and when the liquid level drops to a certain degree, the liquid level alarm device 9 alarms. The molten heat exchange medium 15 fills the first jacket layer, the purge tank and associated piping. The furnace body 1 is provided with a charging and discharging pipe 10 communicated with a second jacket layer 19 for exhausting air or flushing target gas. Wherein the length, width and height of the furnace body are 0.4mX0.4mX0.5 m, and the interlayer thickness of the first jacket layer is 100mm.
The inner cavity of the purification tank 2 is provided with a filter screen 14 made of stainless steel, the filter screen 14 divides the inner cavity into 4 chambers, and the first medium inlet 16 and the first medium outlet 17 are communicated with different chambers.
The flue 5 is internally provided with a heat exchange assembly 6, the heat exchange assembly 6 is provided with a third medium inlet and a third medium outlet, the purification tank 2 is communicated with the third medium inlet through a fifth pipeline 27, the purification tank 2 is communicated with the third medium outlet through a sixth pipeline 28, and a third pump 29 is arranged on the fifth pipeline 27. The heat exchange assembly 6 is composed of an elbow.
A first check valve 30 is provided in the first line 21 to prevent reverse flow of the molten heat exchange medium 15 under pressure imbalance. The first pump may drive the flow of the molten heat exchange medium 15 and adjust the flow rate of the molten heat exchange medium 15 in the first pipe 21. The second pipeline 23 is provided with a first stop valve 31 which can be used for cutting off a circulating channel between the first jacket layer and the purification tank, thereby facilitating maintenance and other operations. The third pipeline 24 is provided with a second check valve 12, and the fourth pipeline is provided with a second stop valve 11. The fifth line 27 is provided with a third check valve 32 and the sixth line 28 is provided with a third shut-off valve 33. Alternatively, when the bismuth base alloy melt needs to be heated, the second check valve 11 and the second check valve 12 are closed, and the first check valve 30, the first check valve 31, the third check valve 32 and the third check valve 33 are opened. After the bismuth base alloy melt is heated to a preset temperature, the first check valve 30, the first check valve 31, the third check valve 32 and the third check valve 33 can be adjusted to be smaller, and the second check valve 11 and the second check valve 12 are opened, so that the flow rate of the bismuth base alloy melt is far greater than the flow rate passing through the first check valve 30, the first check valve 31, the third check valve 32 and the third check valve 33. The molten heat exchange medium 15 is a bismuth base alloy melt. The walls of the first jacket layer 18 are made of steel, which is T91 steel. The second jacket layer 19 is filled with a protective gas, and the protective gas is nitrogen. The interlayer of the second jacket layer 19 had a thickness of 18mm. The indirect heat exchanger 3 is a steam generator.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the total amount of Mg and Ti is controlled within a certain range (more than or equal to 180 ppm), and the corrosion depth of the bismuth base alloy to the sample hanging piece is obviously reduced; and the excessive total amount of Mg and Ti has no obvious effect on reducing the corrosiveness of the bismuth base alloy. The depth of corrosion is greatest when the total amount of Mg, ti is 0, i.e. Mg, ti is not added. The addition of Mg and Ti can reduce the corrosiveness of the bismuth base alloy to T91 steel, and the total amount of Mg and Ti is controlled to be more than 180ppm, so that a particularly outstanding effect can be obtained.
Example 2
Example 1 was repeated with the difference that: in the bismuth base alloy of this example, the total amount of Mg and Ti was 200ppm (see fig. 2 to 4 for specific content of Mg).
The melting point of the obtained bismuth base alloy is 65 ℃ (the proportion of Mg and Ti is changed without obvious change).
The density of the bismuth base alloy is 9.44g/cm measured at 200 DEG C 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.17W/cm DEG C, and the enthalpy value is 149.9J/kg DEG C; the density of the bismuth base alloy is 9.20g/cm measured at 400 DEG C 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.22W/cm DEG C, and the enthalpy value is 145.7J/kg DEG C; the density of the bismuth base alloy is 8.96g/cm measured at 600 DEG C 3 The heat conductivity is 0.27W/cm DEG C, and the enthalpy value is 142.7J/kg DEG C. (because the total amount of Mg and Ti is smaller, under the condition of only changing the proportion of Mg and Ti, parameters such as density, heat conductivity coefficient, enthalpy value and the like of the bismuth base alloyRemains substantially unchanged, and does not show significant differences under the same temperature conditions).
Fig. 2 to 4 are graphs showing the corrosion depth of bismuth base alloy on samples under different temperature and time conditions according to the content of Mg and Ti. From the graph, only Mg or Ti is added, and the bismuth base alloy shows stronger corrosiveness to T91 steel; meanwhile, mg and Ti are added, the addition amount of Mg is controlled to be 80-120ppm, the addition amount of Ti is controlled to be 80-120ppm, and the bismuth-base alloy shows weaker corrosiveness to T91 steel and has better heat storage and heat conduction properties.
Example 3
The bismuth base alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components: bi content is 55%, pb content is 26%, sn content is 14%, in content is 5%, mg content is 120ppm, ti content is 80ppm, total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 100ppm (wherein content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 15ppm, nonmetallic inclusion meets GB/T10561-2005C standard).
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the corrosion depth of the LBE alloy of comparative example 1 and the bismuth-based alloy of this example on the T91 steel with time under different temperature conditions, and it is understood that the bismuth-based alloy of this example shows lower corrosiveness than the LBE alloy under different temperature conditions.
Example 4
The bismuth base alloy of the embodiment comprises the following components: bi content is 55%, pb content is 45%, sn content is 14%, in content is 5%, mg content is 100ppm, ti content is 100ppm, total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 100ppm (wherein content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 15ppm, nonmetallic inclusion meets GB/T10561-2005C standard). The melting point of the bismuth base alloy is 126.4 ℃; measured at 600 ℃, the density of the bismuth base alloy is 9.94g/cm 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.16W/cm DEG C, and the enthalpy value is 143.6J/kg DEG C.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the corrosion depth of the bismuth-based alloy of the present example on T91 steel at 600 c over time.
Referring to fig. 7, a method of energy storage and heat exchange includes the steps of:
s1, inputting a melt of the bismuth-based alloy in the embodiment 4 into the first jacket layer;
wherein the melt of the bismuth base alloy has a first temperature; the first temperature is lower than the temperature of the melt;
s2, outputting the melt to an indirect heat exchanger 3 when the temperature of the melt reaches a second temperature;
the melt after heat exchange of the indirect heat exchanger 3 is input into the first jacket layer again;
wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature and not higher than the temperature of the melt;
s3, repeating the steps S1 and S2 to realize energy storage and heat exchange of the melt of the bismuth base alloy.
And S2, outputting the melt into a heat retainer (purifying tank) when the temperature of the melt reaches a second temperature, and conveying the melt in the heat retainer (purifying tank) to a heat utilization device according to the requirement.
Wherein the length, width and height of the furnace body are 0.4m multiplied by 0.5m, the inner cavity of the furnace body is lead melt, the temperature of the melt is 1300 ℃, and the natural gas consumption is 60m 3 And/h, the initial temperature of the bismuth base alloy melt is 130 ℃ (first temperature), after the temperature is raised to 300 ℃, the bismuth base alloy is discharged to heat utilization equipment (an indirect heat exchanger 3), the system pressure of the indirect heat exchanger 3 is 0.70MPa, the accumulated overheat saturated steam amount generated in a test period (9.7 hours) is 74.49t, and the folded heat is 2.34 multiplied by 10 9 kJ。
Comparative example 2
Example 4 was repeated, with the only difference that: adopting cooling water to replace bismuth base alloy melt, wherein the initial temperature of the cooling water is 25 ℃, and discharging after the temperature is raised to 90 ℃; the cooling water flow rate was 14.5mm/s, and the cumulative consumed cooling water flow rate was 81.4t in the test period (9.7 hours). 2.21×10 folded heat 7 kJ。
Comparative example 3
Example 4 was repeated, with the only difference that: adopting cooling water to replace bismuth base alloy melt, wherein the initial temperature of the cooling water is 25 ℃ and the flow is 1.6m/s, so that the cooling water is converted into saturated steam of 0.2MPa, the saturated steam quantity of 0.2MPa is accumulated to be 9.18t within the test period (9.7 hours), and the converted heat quantity is 2.54 multiplied by 10 7 kJ。
From the above, it can be seen that the same reactor melt temperature, the same fuel consumption, the same reaction time, and the reduced heat: bismuth base alloy > saturated steam > cooling water.
The foregoing examples are set forth in order to provide a more thorough description of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, since modifications of the invention in various equivalent forms will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present invention, and are within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The bismuth base alloy is characterized by comprising the following components: 25-45wt% of Pb, 12.5-20wt% of Sn, 2-15wt% of In, mg a, ti b, and the balance Bi and unavoidable impurities; wherein the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 100ppm; a is the content of Mg, b is the content of Ti, a+b is less than or equal to 180ppm and less than or equal to 240ppm, a: b=2-3:2-3.
2. Bismuth-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of the following components: 28-35wt% of Pb, 12.5-15wt% of Sn, 3.5-5.5wt% of In, mg a, ti b, and the balance Bi and unavoidable impurities.
3. Bismuth-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that 185ppm < a+b < 230ppm.
4. The bismuth base alloy according to claim 1, wherein 80 ppm.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.120 ppm,80 ppm.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.120 ppm.
5. Bismuth-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of individual impurity elements in the unavoidable impurity elements is 15ppm or less.
6. An energy storage heat exchange method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, providing a reactor with a reaction cavity and a jacket, wherein the jacket is arranged around the reaction cavity, and a melt is filled in the reaction cavity;
s2, inputting the melt of the bismuth-based alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5 into the jacket;
wherein the melt of the bismuth-based alloy has a first temperature; the first temperature is lower than the temperature of the melt;
s3, outputting the melt to a heat utilization device when the temperature of the melt reaches a second temperature;
the melt after heat exchange by the heat equipment is input into the jacket again;
wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature and not higher than the temperature of the melt;
s4, repeating the steps S2 and S3 to realize energy storage and heat exchange of the melt of the bismuth base alloy.
7. The method of energy-storage and heat-exchange according to claim 6, wherein in S3, when the temperature of the melt reaches the second temperature, the melt is output to the heat retainer, and the melt in the heat retainer is then conveyed to the heat-using device as needed.
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