CN114958465A - 一种环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂及其制备方法，涉及润滑脂技术领域，所述润滑脂由包括以下重量百分比组分的原料制备得到：基础油50～80重量份；稠化剂3～10重量份；抗氧剂0.2～0.8重量份；浅色固体粉剂5～15重量份。所述方法包括：将稠化剂按所述重量预先与部分所述重量的基础油均化后，与剩余所述重量的基础油以及所述重量的抗氧剂和浅色固体粉剂搅拌均匀，得到所述润滑脂。本发明的润滑脂为浅黄色半流体油膏，相较于传统的外观为黑色的半流体油膏，对环境更友好；在高温工况时间使用时，不会散发出臭味；采用的聚酯或合成酯作为基础油，可生物降解；且本发明的润滑脂具有优异的抗重载、抗磨性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑脂技术领域，特别涉及一种环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
开式齿轮常应用在一些原材料工业传动设备上，如水泥厂的回转窑、管磨机，矿山的球磨机，电厂的磨煤机，脱硫设备球磨机，钢铁行业的转窑、烧结窑，化工行业的干燥机、造粒机，造纸行业的鼓式碎浆机、烘干炉等。这些设备开式齿轮的共同特点是尺寸比较大，大小齿轮的加工精度不同。
开式齿轮常被选作设备的主要驱动单元，齿轮直径达数米，传递负荷高达数百吨，所以对齿轮的要求十分严格。这些齿轮制造工艺技术是相当高的，因而价格相当高昂。其传动齿轮副长期处于低速、重载、大冲击力的工况中，多为露天作业，粉尘多。齿轮表面往往会出现不同形式的损伤，如过度磨损、擦伤、胶合、点蚀、塑性变形等，继而导致齿面金属材料的遗失，严重影响齿轮副的使用寿命，降低了生产的连续性。为了延长开式齿轮的使用寿命，一般需要使用重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂进行润滑保护。
重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂通常由基础油、稠化剂和添加剂组成。开式齿轮重载工况要求润滑脂具有超强的的极压抗磨性能，可承受高负荷及冲击负荷。大多数重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂通过加入大量硫磷型液体添加剂和二硫化钼、石墨固体添加剂实现抗重载、抗磨性能。但是，硫磷型液体添加剂高温易挥发产生臭味，影响周围人体健康；二硫化钼、石墨为黑色固体粉末，会使润滑脂外观变为黑色半流体，溅到设备周围容易污染环境。
重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂为了能牢固地附着在金属表面，防止摩擦表面直接接触，保护金属表面不致磨损，还需要具有优良的粘附性能。因此重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂基础油通常采用高粘度矿物油或聚α烯烃合成油实现优良的粘附性能。但是矿物油是从石油中提取的，属于不可再生资源，并且生物降解性差，聚α烯烃虽然为化学合成，生物降解性也较差。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂及其制备方法，解决现有的润滑脂容易造成环境污染且生物降解性差等问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案为：
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂，所述润滑脂由包括以下重量百分比组分的原料制备得到：
基础油50～80重量份；
稠化剂3～10重量份；
抗氧剂0.2～0.8重量份；
浅色固体粉剂5～15重量份。
优选的，各组分重量百分比为：
基础油70～80重量份；
稠化剂8～10重量份；
抗氧剂0.6～0.8重量份；
浅色固体粉剂10～15重量份。
优选的，所述基础油选自聚酯、双季戊四醇酯、多元醇酯中的至少一种。具体可以采用KL1300型聚酯、KL2700型聚酯、KL23000型聚酯、TRQY-28型双季戊四醇酯、TRP4GY-680型多元醇酯。
优选的，所述稠化剂由氢氧化钙、壬二酸和十二羟基硬脂酸反应得到；摩尔比为氢氧化钙：壬二酸：十二羟基硬脂酸为1：(0.1～0.5)：(1～1.8)。所述稠化剂还可以采用市售的聚脲稠化剂、复合磺酸钙稠化剂、复合铝型稠化剂、复合锂型稠化剂中的至少一种。
优选的，所述抗氧剂选自二异辛基二苯胺、N-苯基-a-萘胺、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚中的至少一种。
优选的，所述浅色固体粉剂选自碳酸钙、滑石粉、硫化锌、氮化硼、聚四氟乙烯中的至少一种。
优选的，所述润滑脂还包括原料防锈剂。其用量为常规用量，本发明中，优选用量为0.1～0.6重量份。
优选的，所述防锈剂选自苯并三氮唑、噻二唑衍生物、石油磺酸盐、环烷酸锌中的至少一种。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂的制备方法，所述方法包括：将稠化剂按所述重量预先与部分所述重量的基础油均化后，与剩余所述重量的基础油以及所述重量的抗氧剂和浅色固体粉剂搅拌均匀，得到所述润滑脂。
具体可以采用如下步骤：
将所述重量的稠化剂和一半左右所述重量的基础油投入反应釜中，升温至100-130℃均化60-120分钟；均化结束后，加入剩余所述重量的基础油以及所述重量的抗氧剂和浅色固体粉剂搅拌均匀，得到所述润滑脂。
优选的，所述方法包括：
(1)将部分所述重量的基础油与所述重量的壬二酸和十二羟基硬脂酸搅拌溶解后再加入用水预溶的所述重量的氢氧化钙的乳液，搅拌均匀后脱水；
(2)再加入部分所述重量的基础油进行均化；
(3)均化结束后加入剩余所述重量的基础油以及所述重量的抗氧剂和浅色固体粉剂搅拌均匀，得到所述润滑脂。
具体可以采用如下步骤：
(1)将三分之一左右所述重量的基础油投入反应釜中，搅拌加热至75-80℃加入所述重量的十二羟基硬脂酸和壬二酸，搅拌溶解30-60分钟；
(2)再将用水预溶后的所述重量的氢氧化钙乳液加入反应釜中，升温至85-100℃反应60-120分钟；
(3)反应釜升温至120-150℃脱水60-120分钟；
(4)脱水完成后继续升温180-200℃保温5-20分钟；
(5)保温结束后，降温至140-160℃加入三分之一左右所述重量的基础油；
(6)继续降温至100-130℃均化60-120分钟；
(7)均化结束后，加入剩余所述重量的基础油以及所述重量的抗氧剂、防锈剂和浅色固体粉剂，搅拌均匀后包装。
采用上述技术方案，本发明的润滑脂不添加二硫化钼、石墨等黑色固体粉剂，采用浅色固体粉剂，使得外观为浅黄色半流体油膏，相较于传统的外观为黑色的半流体油膏，本发明的润滑脂对环境更友好，不容易污染周围环境；且由于本发明的润滑脂是浅色的，在使用过程中如果开式齿轮异常磨损，齿轮表面剥落的深色金属屑会使润滑脂颜色变深，便于设备管理人员发现异常磨损；本发明的润滑脂没有加入硫磷型液体添加剂，在高温工况时间使用时，不会散发出臭味，对周围人体健康不会造成损害；本发明的润滑脂采用聚酯或合成酯作为基础油，可生物降解，便于生态环境的保护；本发明的润滑脂具有优异的抗重载、抗磨性能；本发明的制备方法简单，能够有效降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是，对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明实施例中的原料均为市售产品。
实施例1
将16g KL1300型聚酯投入反应釜中，搅拌加热至75℃加入1.6g十二羟基硬脂酸和1.02g壬二酸，搅拌溶解30分钟；再将0.39g氢氧化钙用适量水溶解后得到的乳液加入反应釜中，升温至85℃反应60分钟；反应釜升温至120℃脱水60分钟；脱水完成后继续升温180℃保温5分钟；保温结束后，降温至140℃加入17g KL1300型聚酯；继续降温至100℃均化60分钟；均化结束后，加入17g KL1300型聚酯以及0.2g二异辛基二苯胺、0.1g苯并三氮唑和5g碳酸钙，搅拌均匀后包装。
实施例2
将23g TRQY-28型双季戊四醇酯投入反应釜中，搅拌加热至78℃加入4.24g十二羟基硬脂酸和2.72g壬二酸，搅拌溶解45分钟；再将1.04g氢氧化钙用适量水溶解后得到的乳液加入反应釜中，升温至90℃反应90分钟；反应釜升温至135℃脱水90分钟；脱水完成后继续升温190℃保温10分钟；保温结束后，降温至150℃加入23g TRQY-28型双季戊四醇酯；继续降温至115℃均化90分钟；均化结束后，加入23g TRQY-28型双季戊四醇酯以及0.6g N-苯基-a-萘胺、0.3g石油磺酸盐和10g滑石粉，搅拌均匀后包装。
实施例3
将26g TRP4GY-680型多元醇酯投入反应釜中，搅拌加热至80℃加入5.3g十二羟基硬脂酸和3.4g壬二酸，搅拌溶解60分钟；再将1.3g氢氧化钙用适量水溶解后得到的乳液加入反应釜中，升温至100℃反应120分钟；反应釜升温至150℃脱水120分钟；脱水完成后继续升温200℃保温20分钟；保温结束后，降温至160℃加入27g TRP4GY-680型多元醇酯；继续降温至130℃均化120分钟；均化结束后，加入27g TRP4GY-680型多元醇酯以及0.8g 2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、0.6g环烷酸锌和15g硫化锌，搅拌均匀后包装。
将本发明制备得到的润滑脂与市售传统的重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂进行对比检测，结果如下表：
由上表的极压性能OK、PB值和PD值可以看出，相较于市售的传统产品，本发明的润滑脂极压性能有了明显提升；通常PB值越大，耐负载能力越高，可以看出本发明的耐负载能力相较于传统产品有了明显提升；通常PD值越大，极压抗磨性能越强，可以看出本发明的极压抗磨性能相较于传统产品也有了明显提升。
以上对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明，但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下，对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂，其特征在于：所述润滑脂由包括以下重量份组分的原料制备得到：
基础油50～80重量份；
稠化剂3～10重量份；
抗氧剂0.2～0.8重量份；
浅色固体粉剂5～15重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂，其特征在于：各组分重量百分比为：
基础油70～80重量份；
稠化剂8～10重量份；
抗氧剂0.6～0.8重量份；
浅色固体粉剂10～15重量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂，其特征在于：所述基础油选自聚酯、双季戊四醇酯、多元醇酯中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂，其特征在于：所述稠化剂由氢氧化钙、壬二酸和十二羟基硬脂酸反应得到；摩尔比为氢氧化钙：壬二酸：十二羟基硬脂酸为1：(0.1～0.5)：(1～1.8)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂，其特征在于：所述抗氧剂选自二异辛基二苯胺、N-苯基-a-萘胺、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂，其特征在于：所述浅色固体粉剂选自碳酸钙、滑石粉、硫化锌、氮化硼、聚四氟乙烯中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂，其特征在于：所述润滑脂还包括原料防锈剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂，其特征在于：所述防锈剂选自苯并三氮唑、噻二唑衍生物、石油磺酸盐、环烷酸锌中的至少一种。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一所述的环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述方法包括：将稠化剂按所述重量预先与部分所述重量的基础油均化后，与剩余所述重量的基础油以及所述重量的抗氧剂和浅色固体粉剂搅拌均匀，得到所述润滑脂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的环保重负荷开式齿轮润滑脂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述方法包括：
(1)将部分所述重量的基础油与所述重量的壬二酸和十二羟基硬脂酸搅拌溶解后再加入用水预溶的所述重量的氢氧化钙的乳液，搅拌均匀后脱水；
(2)再加入部分所述重量的基础油进行均化；
(3)均化结束后加入剩余所述重量的基础油以及所述重量的抗氧剂和浅色固体粉剂搅拌均匀，得到所述润滑脂。
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