CN114956236A - Photothermal conversion interface and water non-contact interface evaporation brine separation structure - Google Patents
Photothermal conversion interface and water non-contact interface evaporation brine separation structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114956236A CN114956236A CN202110221453.7A CN202110221453A CN114956236A CN 114956236 A CN114956236 A CN 114956236A CN 202110221453 A CN202110221453 A CN 202110221453A CN 114956236 A CN114956236 A CN 114956236A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims description 20
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- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an interface evaporation structure based on non-contact of a photothermal conversion material and water and a salt water separation mode. The photothermal conversion material does not completely cover the heat conductor light facing surface. The water delivery channel delivers water in the water source to the surface of the exposed position of the heat conductor to form a thin water layer or liquid drops which can be quickly evaporated. When the light-heat conversion layer converts the absorbed sunlight into heat and transfers the heat to the whole heat conductor loaded by the light-heat conversion layer, the light-heat conversion layer can quickly heat and evaporate the thin water layer or liquid drops at the exposed position to separate out dissolved salt substances, thereby achieving the purpose of salt water separation. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the water does not contact the photothermal conversion material in the evaporation process, so that the photothermal conversion material cannot be polluted. The salt water can be heated and evaporated on the exposed surface of the heat conductor which is arranged obliquely or vertically and in a columnar structure at intervals to separate out crystal salt, and the crystal salt is recycled under the action of gravity and external force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photo-thermal interface evaporation and seawater desalination, in particular to a salt-water separation structure for interface evaporation with a photo-thermal conversion interface not in contact with water.
Background
The problem of water resource shortage threatens the sustainable development of human society. More and more technologies are being developed to effect desalination of seawater to produce clean water resources that can be utilized by humans. Currently, membrane filtration and thermal distillation techniques remain the mainstay of this field. The high energy consumption of both technologies has affected energy and environmental sustainability. Therefore, desalination technology using green energy and sustainable energy still has strong social demand. Light driven desalination technology is a promising technology because of its low environmental impact. In this technique, sunlight is converted into heat for heating seawater for evaporative desalination. Currently, photothermal techniques take two forms, one is heating large bodies of water and the other is heating only a thin layer of water at the evaporation interface. Compared with heating water, only the thin layer of water at the evaporation interface is heated, so that heat generated by light absorption can be localized at the evaporation interface, heat loss in a large water body is limited, and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is greatly improved. Relevant documents are Liu H, Huang Z, Liu K et al, Advanced Energy materials, 2019, 9(21):1900310.1-1900310.17, lnterfacial Solar-to-Heat Conversion for Desalination, published in the publication.
The advantage of the photothermal interface evaporation technique is that heat loss during evaporation is greatly reduced. Therefore, the technology generally needs to draw a small amount of seawater to the surface of the photothermal conversion material by means of a water guide channel or the like. The photothermal conversion material absorbs incident light and converts the light into heat to heat a small amount of seawater around the photothermal conversion material. This process, while effective in reducing heat loss to large bodies of water, also renders the absorbent material susceptible to contamination by crystalline salts and reduced absorption. The process of removing salt stains often avoids damage and consumption of absorbent materials. Related documents are Xia Y, Hou Q, Jubaer H, et al, Energy and Environmental Science, 2019, 12(6):1840-1847, Spatiall isolation and crystallization from water evaluation for continuous and linear tissue generation and transformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that absorption materials are easily polluted by crystalline salt to reduce the light absorption capacity and the crystalline salt is inconvenient to recover in the prior art, and provides an interface evaporation brine separation structure with a photothermal conversion interface not in contact with water. The photothermal conversion material is uniformly loaded on most of the illuminated area of the surface of the heat conductor, and the rest area of the heat conductor is not loaded with the photothermal conversion material and is manufactured into an inclined or vertical and arranged columnar structure so that the water delivery channel can deliver water to the surface of the heat conductor and then the water delivery channel is heated, evaporated and separated out dissolved substances such as salts and the like, and can be recycled under the action of gravity and external force.
The interface evaporation brine separation structure with the photothermal conversion interface not in contact with water comprises water, a water delivery channel, a light source, a photothermal conversion material and a heat conductor; the heat conductor surface is only covered by the light and heat conversion material part, and water delivery channel carries water to the heat conductor surface that does not load the light and heat conversion layer and forms thin water layer or liquid drop, and the light and heat conversion layer turns into incident light heat transfer for whole heat conductor loaded, heats the thin water layer or the liquid drop on the heat conductor surface that does not load the light and heat conversion layer simultaneously, and the evaporation is separated out the dissolved substance such as salt and is tired and recycle under gravity and exogenic action.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the water includes seawater, salt water, fresh water without suspended particles, and water with dissolved recyclable materials.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the photothermal conversion material comprises metal and nonmetal materials which can be stably and uniformly loaded on the surface of a heat conductor in a spraying, magnetron sputtering, brushing and other modes, have an absorptivity of more than 80 percent and can form a thin layer with a certain thickness.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the heat conductor comprises a plate-mounted cube, a sheet-mounted cube, a ball-mounted cube and a tube-mounted cube which are made of metal and nonmetal materials with higher heat conductivity coefficient, have the heat conductivity coefficient higher than 0.59W/(m.K) of water and have a thickness of 0.1-100mm and have a gapless structure; the position of the heat conductor not loaded with the photothermal conversion material can be made into an inclined or vertical and arrayed columnar structure so as to facilitate the recovery of crystallized salt, in addition, an anti-corrosion heat conduction material can be used or anti-corrosion treatment can be carried out on the heat conductor so as to prevent the heat conductor from being corroded and shortening the service life under the long-term contact with salt water, and the rest positions of the heat conductor can be wrapped or covered by a heat insulation material so as to prevent heat loss.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the water delivery channel comprises natural fiber bundles with wetting capillary property, nylon, chemical fibers or blended fibers and various delivery modes which can enable the surface of the heat conductor to form a thin water layer and liquid drops; the water delivery channel delivers water to the surface of the heat conductor which is not loaded with the photothermal conversion layer to form liquid drops or a thin water layer.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the light source includes natural sunlight, simulated sunlight, and concentrated sunlight obtained by a light-concentrating device.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the method for separating the brine through interface evaporation without contacting the photothermal conversion interface with water comprises the following steps.
Step 1), uniformly loading the photothermal conversion material on most of the illuminated area of the surface of the heat conductor in modes of magnetron sputtering, spraying, brushing and the like, and making the rest of the heat conductor not loaded with the photothermal conversion material into an inclined or vertical and arrayed columnar structure so as to recycle dissolved substances precipitated after water is heated and evaporated.
And 2) conveying water to the surface of the heat conductor which is not loaded with the photothermal conversion material by the water conveying channel to form liquid drops or a thin water layer capable of being evaporated quickly.
And 3) after the incident light irradiates the photo-thermal conversion layer loaded on the surface of the heat conductor, the photo-thermal conversion layer absorbs the incident light and converts the incident light into heat to be transferred to the whole heat conductor, and the heat is transmitted to liquid drops or a thin water layer at the position of the surface of the heat conductor which is not loaded with the photo-thermal conversion material for heating and evaporation.
And 4) heating and evaporating the liquid drops or the thin water layer on the surface of the heat conductor with the inclined, vertical or arrayed columnar structure to separate out crystal salt or other available substances, and recovering under the combined action of gravity and external force.
According to the brine separation structure and the brine separation method through the interface evaporation of the photothermal conversion interface and the non-contact interface evaporation of water, water is conveyed to the surface of a heat conductor which is not loaded with photothermal conversion materials and has an inclined, vertical or arranged columnar structure through a water conveying channel to form a thin water layer or liquid drops capable of being rapidly evaporated. Under the illumination, the light-heat conversion layer converts incident light into heat and transmits to the whole heat conductor of load, and the thin water layer or the liquid drop on the surface of the heat conductor of the light-heat conversion layer is not loaded in the heating simultaneously, and the dissolved substances such as salt accumulation are separated out through evaporation and are recycled under the action of gravity and external force.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the photothermal evaporation process, water does not contact the photothermal conversion material, so that the photothermal conversion material is not contaminated. In addition, the salt water can be heated and evaporated on the surface of the heat conductor which is obliquely vertical or has a columnar structure and is not loaded with the photothermal conversion layer at intervals, so that the crystal salt is separated out, and the salt water is convenient to recycle under the action of gravity and external force.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the interface evaporation brine separation in which the photothermal conversion interface is not in contact with water in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the heat conductor of the light-to-heat conversion material that is not supported in the columnar structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a structure of a tilted heat conductor not loaded with the photothermal conversion material.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a vertical structure of a thermal conductor not loaded with photothermal conversion material.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described by way of examples. The following examples are only for a better understanding of the present invention. It should be noted that many further modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from such evaporation structures and methods, and such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 1, the interface evaporation brine separation structure in which the photothermal conversion interface is not in contact with water includes a heat conductor having a high thermal conductivity, and the photothermal conversion material does not completely cover the surface of the heat conductor, leaving the uncovered part as a contact evaporation surface position of water.
Water is conveyed to the position of the surface of the heat conductor which is not loaded with the photothermal conversion material through the water conveying channel to form a thin water layer or liquid drops capable of being rapidly evaporated. Under the illumination, the light-heat conversion layer converts incident light into heat and transmits to the whole heat conductor of load, and the thin water layer or the liquid drop on the surface of the heat conductor of the light-heat conversion layer is not loaded in the heating simultaneously, and the dissolved substances such as salt accumulation are separated out through evaporation and are recycled under the action of gravity and external force.
Fig. 2, 3 and 4 show three evaporation devices with such structures respectively. The heat conductors adopt stainless steel with the thermal conductivity coefficient of 15W/(m.K) as the heat conductor material. The loaded photothermal conversion layer selects metal ceramic ZrC nano particles as photothermal conversion materials, and is uniformly loaded at a selected position through magnetron sputtering. The absorptivity of the photo-thermal conversion layer can reach more than 93 percent.
Referring to the evaporation apparatus of FIG. 2, a stainless steel plate having dimensions of 8cm by 4cm by 0.2cm was selected as the heat conductor. The right part of the upper surface of the heat conductor is selected to be 5 multiplied by 4cm in area to carry out magnetron sputtering load photo-thermal conversion layer. The left 3X 4X 0.2cm heat conductor is made into a columnar arrangement structure with 3mm interval by an etching method, and the diameter of the column is 2.5 mm.
When xenon lamp is at 1 kw/m 2 When the light intensity vertical irradiation light-heat conversion layer, conversion layer temperature reaches 90 degrees stably after 10min, draw out the salt water in the container and form salt water and drip to the heat conductor upper surface of column arrangement structure through the cotton thread this moment, salt water droplet evaporates after the contact and flows to the lower surface along the clearance between the cylinder at the evaporation in-process and finally forms the crystallization salt and depends on the cylinder, along with the continuous operation of this process, the crystallization salt of depending on accumulates gradually and finally falls under the effect of gravity and whereabouts salt water droplet and retrieves.
Referring to the evaporation apparatus of FIG. 3, a stainless steel plate having dimensions of 8cm by 4cm by 0.2cm was selected as the heat conductor. The right part of the upper surface of the heat conductor is selected to have an area of 5 multiplied by 4cm for carrying a magnetron sputtering load photo-thermal conversion layer, and the heat conductor plate with the left side of 3 multiplied by 4 multiplied by 0.2cm is bent to have an inclination angle of 70 O 。
When xenon lamp is at 1 kw/m 2 When the light intensity vertical irradiation light-heat conversion layer, conversion layer temperature reaches 92 degrees after 15min and stabilizes, draw out the salt water in the container and form salt water and drip to the heat conductor upper surface of column arrangement structure through the cotton thread this moment, salt water droplet evaporates and forms the salt of crystallization and depends on along the inclined plane gliding and at the heat conductor board end formation crystal salt in the evaporation process after the contact, along with this process's continuous going on, the salt of depending on accumulates gradually and finally falls under the effect of gravity and whereabouts salt water droplet and retrieves.
Referring to the evaporation apparatus of FIG. 4, a cylindrical stainless steel plate having an inner diameter of 0.5cm and outer diameters and thicknesses of 10cm and 0.2cm, respectively, was selected. A stainless steel heat-conducting tube with an inner diameter of 0.5cm and an outer diameter of 1.5cm, which is butted with the inner hole, is bonded below the stainless steel plate, the height of the tube is 4cm, and a photo-thermal conversion layer is uniformly loaded on the upper surface of the cylindrical stainless steel plate.
When xenon lamp is at 1 kw/m 2 When the light intensity vertically irradiates the photo-thermal conversion layer, the temperature of the conversion layer reaches 96 ℃ after 8minAt the moment, saline in the container is led out through cotton threads and forms saline to drop to holes in the cylindrical stainless steel plate heat conductor, the saline drops are evaporated in the heat conductor pipe and slide down along the wall of the heat conductor pipe in the evaporation process, and crystal salt is formed at the tail end of the heat conductor pipe and attached to the salt, and along with the continuous process, the attached crystal salt is gradually accumulated and finally falls and is recovered under the action of gravity and the falling saline drops.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a light and heat conversion interface and contactless interface evaporation brine separation structure of water which characterized in that: comprises water (1), a water delivery channel (2), a light source (3), a photo-thermal conversion material (4) and a heat conductor (5); the surface of the heat conductor (5) is only partially covered by the photothermal conversion material (4), and the water delivery channel (2) delivers the water (1) to the surface of the heat conductor which is not loaded with the photothermal conversion layer to form a thin water layer.
2. The brine separation structure based on interface evaporation without contact of photothermal conversion interface with water according to claim 1, wherein the water (1) comprises seawater, brine, fresh water containing no suspended particles, and water with dissolved recyclable substance.
3. The separation structure of brine evaporated from an interface without contacting water at a photothermal conversion interface according to claim 1, wherein the water transportation channel (2) comprises natural fiber bundle, nylon, chemical fiber or blended fiber with wetting capillary property and various transportation means for forming a thin water layer on the surface of the heat conductor; the water delivery channel delivers water (1) to the surface of the heat conductor not loaded with the photothermal conversion layer to form a droplet or a thin water layer.
4. The brine separation structure based on interface evaporation with photothermal conversion interface not in contact with water according to claim 1, wherein the light source (3) comprises simulated sunlight, sunlight under natural conditions or concentrated sunlight obtained by a light concentrating device, and the light irradiation area is at least equal to or larger than the area of the photothermal conversion layer.
5. The brine separating structure by interfacial evaporation based on the photothermal conversion interface not in contact with water according to claim 1, wherein the photothermal conversion material (4) comprises metallic and non-metallic materials which can be stably and uniformly supported on the upper surface of the heat conductor by spraying, magnetron sputtering, brushing, or the like, and which can form a thin layer having a certain thickness with an absorption rate of more than 80%.
6. The brine separating structure by interfacial evaporation based on the fact that the photothermal conversion interface is not in contact with water according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductor (5) comprises plate-packed, sheet-packed, ball-packed, tube-packed cubes made of metallic and non-metallic materials with higher thermal conductivity, having thermal conductivity higher than 0.59W/(m-K) of water, and having a thickness of 0.1-100mm, with no void structure; the position of the heat conductor (5) not loaded with the photothermal conversion material can be made into an inclined or vertical and arranged columnar structure so as to facilitate the recovery of crystallized salt, in addition, an anti-corrosion heat conduction material can be used or the heat conductor (5) can be subjected to anti-corrosion treatment so as to prevent corrosion and shorten the service life under the long-term contact with salt water, and the rest positions of the heat conductor can be wrapped or covered by a heat insulation material to prevent heat loss.
7. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1), uniformly loading a photothermal conversion material on most of the illuminated area of the surface of the heat conductor in modes of magnetron sputtering, spraying, brushing and the like, and making the rest of the heat conductor not loaded with the photothermal conversion material into an inclined or arranged columnar structure so as to recycle dissolved substances precipitated after water heating evaporation;
step 2), the water delivery channel delivers water to the surface of the heat conductor which is not loaded with the photothermal conversion material to form liquid drops or a thin water layer which can be rapidly evaporated;
step 3), after the incident light irradiates the photo-thermal conversion layer loaded on the surface of the heat conductor, the photo-thermal conversion layer absorbs the incident light and converts the incident light into heat to be transferred to the whole heat conductor, and the heat is transmitted to liquid drops or a thin water layer at the position of the surface of the heat conductor which is not loaded with the photo-thermal conversion material for heating and evaporation;
and 4) heating and evaporating the liquid drops or the thin water layer on the surface of the heat conductor with the inclined, vertical or arrayed columnar structure to separate out crystal salt or other available substances, and recovering under the combined action of gravity and external force.
8. A method of separating brine through brine evaporation at an interface where a photothermal conversion interface is not in contact with water according to claim 1, wherein the water (1) does not contact the photothermal conversion material (4) and contaminate the photothermal conversion material (4), and further, the brine can be heated and evaporated on the surface of the heat conductor (5) having no photothermal conversion layer supported thereon in an inclined or vertical and arranged columnar structure to separate out the crystalline salt and recovered by gravity and external force, thereby achieving the purpose of brine separation.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115385411A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-25 | 西安秦盛丰科技有限公司 | Solar photo-thermal evaporation synchronous water-salt separation desalination and salt extraction device |
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