CN114620794B

CN114620794B - Transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114620794B
Application number: CN202210320710.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李昊轩; 金炳奇; 鲁颖科; 邓炳耀; 李大伟
Original assignee: Jiangnan University
Current assignee: Jiangnan University
Priority date: 2022-03-16
Filing date: 2022-03-16
Publication date: 2023-05-05
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-16
Also published as: CN114620794A

Abstract

The invention discloses a transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector and a preparation method thereof, wherein a photo-thermal coating is smeared on a metal heat conduction layer, and a hydrophilic fabric is stuck on the back surface of the metal heat conduction layer through heat conduction double-sided adhesive tape to prepare a photo-thermal water evaporation structure; the photo-thermal interface downward water evaporator structure has the advantages of low preparation cost and good device integration, and can be used for large-scale sea water desalination and fresh water collection.

Description

Transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of photo-thermal interface water evaporation, in particular to a photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector imitating the transpiration effect and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The problem of shortage of fresh water resources is increasingly highlighted with the development of the age. The preparation of fresh water by using seawater is a feasible scheme for solving the problem of fresh water resources in the future, and especially the demand of the fresh water resources in coastal and island regions is more urgent. The traditional fresh water processing mostly adopts a membrane separation technology, and has high cost, large investment and high carbon emission, so that the popularization of the method to remote areas is limited.

The solar energy is utilized to desalinate the sea water, which is an ideal way for solving the water resource shortage, has the advantages of no environmental pollution, clean energy, and the like, is widely applied to the fields of sea water desalination, and provides a feasible scheme for supplying water to remote and island areas.

In recent years, the concept of photo-thermal interface evaporation has been proposed. Photo-thermal interface evaporation refers to the absorption and conversion of sunlight into internal energy, and the energy is used to evaporate water molecules at the water-gas interface, thereby collecting fresh water.

The existing solar photo-thermal interface water evaporation structure mainly comprises two-dimensional plane upward water evaporation, is very thin, and can convert photo-thermal energy by floating on the surface of a water body, a light absorber is in direct contact with the water body, and steam is generated by heating a water film close to the photo-thermal structure, so that the separation and purification of the water body are achieved. In the process, the thickness of the two-dimensional structure floating on the water surface is thinner, the light absorbance is disturbed by the thickness of the water film due to upward transmission of the water, and the heat dissipation to the lower water body is large, so that the utilization rate of light energy is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description summary and in the title of the application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the description summary and the title of the invention, which should not be used to limit the scope of the invention.

Therefore, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector and the preparation method thereof.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector comprises the steps of smearing a photo-thermal coating on a metal heat conduction layer, and adhering hydrophilic fabrics on the back surface of the metal heat conduction layer through heat conduction double-sided adhesive tape to prepare a photo-thermal water evaporation structure;

the solar hot water evaporation structure is placed in the middle of the heat insulation layer, the light-transmitting layer is adhered with the heat insulation layer on one side by using heat conduction glue, a metal net is arranged below the heat insulation layer on the other side, and a metal water storage tank is arranged below the metal net.

As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector, the invention comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out water bath ultrasonic treatment on the metal heat conducting layer in deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid for 5min, uniformly adhering the heat conducting glue to the back surface of the metal heat conducting layer, and adhering the hydrophilic fabric (103 a) to the back surface of the metal heat conducting layer adhered with the heat conducting glue.

As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector, the invention comprises the following steps: mixing 5g of multi-wall carbon nano tube (MWCNT) and 100mL of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 75%, performing water bath ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 30min to prepare a multi-wall carbon nano tube mixed solution, uniformly coating the multi-wall carbon nano tube mixed solution on the metal heat conduction layer by using a glass scraper, standing at room temperature for 5min, coating by using the glass scraper again, and repeating the uniform coating for 20 layers, thereby preparing the photo-thermal coating.

As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the prepared transpiration-imitating downward photo-thermal water evaporation structure is embedded into a heat insulation layer, glue is coated on the upper side and the lower side of the heat insulation layer, a light transmission layer is arranged on the heat insulation layer, and a metal water storage tank is arranged below the heat insulation layer.

As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the light-transmitting layer is made of one of PDMS film, acrylic sheet, common glass sheet, quartz glass sheet and bubble plastic paper, the heat-insulating layer is made of one of polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam and silicon-based porous material, and the hydrophilic fabric is made of one of needling and water needling processes.

As a preferable scheme of the transpiration-imitating light hot water evaporation fresh water collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the collector unit comprises a metal water storage tank, a metal net, a photo-thermal water evaporation structure, a light-transmitting layer and a heat-insulating layer, wherein the lower half part of the metal water storage tank is placed in water, the upper half part of the metal water storage tank is exposed out of water, the metal net is placed inside the metal water storage tank, the photo-thermal water evaporation structure is arranged between two heat-insulating layers, the heat-insulating layer positioned at the lower side is arranged above the metal net, and the light-transmitting layer is arranged above the heat-insulating layer at the upper side.

As a preferable scheme of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector and the preparation method thereof, the invention comprises the following steps: the metal water storage tank is internally provided with a water storage tank, and a limit ring is further arranged above the water storage tank.

As a preferable scheme of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector and the preparation method thereof, the invention comprises the following steps: the metal net is provided with meshes with uniform sizes, and the lower ends of the meshes are also provided with flow guide columns.

As a preferable scheme of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector and the preparation method thereof, the invention comprises the following steps: the solar water heater is characterized in that a hydrophilic fabric is arranged below the solar water heater evaporation structure, a metal heat conduction layer is further arranged above the hydrophilic fabric, and a photo-thermal coating is further arranged above the metal heat conduction layer.

As a preferable scheme of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector and the preparation method thereof, the invention comprises the following steps: the heat insulation layer is also arranged inside the heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is of a sandwich structure with a hollowed middle part, and the heat insulation layer is placed inside the heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer are combined to form the heat insulation structure.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the problems of light transmission, condensation and heat loss are greatly improved, the photo-thermal water-generating fresh water collector with the pseudo-transpiration function is provided with the heat insulation layer to prevent converted heat from being dissipated into the air, the water vapor is enabled not to contact with a light-transmitting material and be liquefied when encountering cold due to the pseudo-transpiration function, meanwhile, the water vapor is enabled to contact with a metal net in the bottom metal water storage tank, and due to the fact that the heat conductivity coefficient of copper is larger, the water vapor is liquefied when encountering cold to form water drops, and meanwhile, the metal water storage tank is semi-immersed in a water body, so that the tank wall is in direct contact with the water body, and the phenomenon that the internal temperature of the collecting device rises when condensation is carried out is avoided.

In conclusion, the structure of the photo-thermal interface downward water evaporator has low preparation cost and good integration of the device, and can be used for large-scale sea water desalination and fresh water collection.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a water storage tank of the photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector imitating the transpiration effect.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a metal mesh of the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a metal mesh A of a photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector imitating transpiration.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a transpiration-like photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector hydrophilic fabric in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram structure diagram of a transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector B.

FIG. 8 is a diagram of the structure of the heat insulation layer of the photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector imitating the transpiration effect.

Fig. 9 (a) to 9 (b) are the results of the effect of the thickness of different photo-thermal material layers of the photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector imitating the transpiration on the evaporation rate.

Detailed Description

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

Further, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, in a first embodiment of the present invention, a preparation method of a transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector is that a photo-thermal coating 103c is coated on a metal heat conducting layer 103b, and a hydrophilic fabric 103a is adhered on the back surface of the metal heat conducting layer 103b through a heat conducting double faced adhesive tape to prepare a photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103;

the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103 is placed in the middle of the heat insulation layer 105, the light-transmitting layer 104 is adhered to the heat insulation layer 105 on one side by using heat conduction glue, the metal net 102 is arranged below the heat insulation layer 105 on the other side, and the metal water storage tank 103 is arranged below the metal net 102.

Specifically, the photo-thermal coating 103c is uniformly coated on the metal heat conducting layer 103b, the metal heat conducting layer 103b is adhered to the hydrophilic fabric 103a through a heat conducting double faced adhesive tape, the photo-thermal evaporation structure 103 is clamped in the middle of the two heat insulating layers 105, the heat insulating layers are placed above the metal net 102, and the metal net 102 is matched with the metal water storage tank 103 in a clamping mode.

In summary, the photo-thermal coating 103c can convert light energy into heat energy, the heat absorbed by the photo-thermal coating 103c is transferred to the metal heat conducting layer 103b, the hydrophilic fabric 103a is located below the metal heat conducting layer 103b, both ends of the hydrophilic fabric 103a are located in water, the heat insulation layer 105 is respectively located on the upper side and the lower side of the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103 and clamps the photo-thermal water evaporation structure in the middle, the heat insulation layer 105 can store and collect heat and heat the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103, the water absorbed by the hydrophilic fabric 103a is heated and evaporated to form water vapor, and the water vapor is rapidly cooled to form water drops when contacting the metal mesh 102, and then flows into the metal water storage tank 101 by gravity.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 1 to 9, in order to implement the second embodiment of the present invention, the metal heat conductive layer 105 is sequentially subjected to water bath ultrasonic treatment in deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid for 5min, the heat conductive glue is uniformly adhered to the back surface of the metal heat conductive layer 105, and the hydrophilic fabric 103a is adhered to the back surface of the metal heat conductive layer 105 to which the heat conductive glue is adhered.

Further, a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) mixed solution was prepared by mixing 5g of the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with 100mL of an ethanol solution with a mass fraction of 75% and sonicating in a water bath at room temperature for 30 minutes, uniformly coating the multi-walled carbon nanotube mixed solution on the metal heat conductive layer 105 with a glass doctor blade, and after standing at room temperature for 5 minutes, again coating with the glass doctor blade, repeating the uniform coating for 20 layers, thereby preparing the photo-thermal coating 103c.

Preferably, the prepared transpiration-like downward light and hot water evaporation structure 103 is embedded between two heat insulation layers 105, glue is coated on the upper and lower sides of the heat insulation layers 105, a light transmission layer 104 is arranged on the heat insulation layers 105, and the metal water storage tank 101 is arranged below the heat insulation layers 105.

Preferably, the light-transmitting layer 104 is made of one of PDMS film, acrylic plate, common glass plate, quartz glass plate, and foam plastic paper, the material of the heat-insulating layer 105 is one of polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, and silicon-based porous material, and the hydrophilic fabric 103a is a hydrophilic fiber fabric prepared by one of needling and hydroentangling processes.

Specifically, the magazines on the surface of the metal heat conducting layer 105 can be effectively removed by water bath ultrasonic treatment, the carbon nano tube and the ethanol solution can be fully mixed into emulsion-like liquid by water bath ultrasonic treatment, the emulsion-like liquid is favorable for being smeared on the surface of the metal heat conducting layer to form a photo-thermal coating 103c, the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103 is embedded between the two heat insulation layers 105, the two heat insulation layers 105 tightly clamp the whole photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103, the light-transmitting layer 104 is connected above the upper heat insulation layer through double-sided adhesive, the metal mesh 102 is placed below the heat insulation layer, and water drops condensed by the metal mesh 102 flow into the metal water storage tank 101 to collect fresh water.

Further, the light-transmitting layer 104 is made of the above light-transmitting material, the photo-thermal coating 103c of the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103 below the light-transmitting layer 104 is a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), the absorption efficiency of the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103 on visible light is up to 99%, the photo-thermal water and heat energy can be stored and collected to the maximum extent, the material of the heat-insulating layer 105 can be effectively insulated and can smoothly permeate water vapor, the heat-insulating layer 105 can well insulate the whole photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103, heat is prevented from being dissipated into the air, the hydrophilic fabric 103a is made of polyacrylic acid series super-absorbent plastics, polyacrylate and polyacrylate can be made of super-absorbent plastics, the water-absorbent materials have strong water absorption capacity, no toxicity and no pungent smell, the hydrophilic fabric 103a can also be made of water-spun cotton fibers, and the water-absorbent materials have strong water absorption capacity, no toxicity and no pungent smell, and both materials belong to easily obtained materials with high cost performance.

Preferably, as can be seen from fig. 9 (b), as the thickness of the multi-walled carbon nanotube coating increases, the rate of water evaporation increases and then decreases, which may be due to the fact that the density of the photo-thermal layer increases as the thickness of the coating increases, and the absorption effect on sunlight is more remarkable; when the coating thickness exceeds 20 layers, the water evaporation rate does not change significantly, probably because the coating density reaches saturation and the absorption efficiency to sunlight tends to be stable.

In summary, the method can manufacture a complete transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector, collect fresh water by utilizing the downward transpiration effect, and the whole device is convenient for realizing the downward transpiration-imitating effect, so that the fresh water collection is convenient, the manufacturing cost of the device is low, and the large-scale collection can be realized.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, a third embodiment of the present invention provides, based on the first two embodiments, a transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector, which comprises: the collector unit (100) comprises a metal water storage tank 101, a metal net 102, a photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103, a light-transmitting layer 104 and a heat-insulating layer 105, wherein the lower half part of the metal water storage tank 101 is placed in water, the upper half part of the metal water storage tank 101 is exposed out of the water surface, the metal net 102 is placed inside the metal water storage tank 101, the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103 is arranged between the two heat-insulating layers 105, the heat-insulating layer 105 positioned at the lower side is arranged above the metal net 102, and the light-transmitting layer 104 is arranged above the heat-insulating layer 105 at the upper side.

Further, a water storage tank 101a is provided in the metal water storage tank 101, a limit ring 101b is further provided above the water storage tank 101a, the metal mesh 102 is provided with mesh openings 102a with uniform size, and the lower end of the mesh openings 102a is further provided with a flow guiding column 102b.

Preferably, a hydrophilic fabric 103a is disposed below the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103, a metal heat conducting layer 103b is further disposed above the hydrophilic fabric 103a, and a photo-thermal coating 103c is further disposed above the metal heat conducting layer 103 b.

Preferably, the heat insulation layer 105 is further provided with a heat insulation layer 105a inside, the heat insulation layer 105 is a sandwich structure with a hollowed middle part, the heat insulation layer 105a is placed inside the heat insulation layer 105a, the heat insulation layer 105a and the heat insulation layer are combined to form a heat insulation structure, and the heat insulation layer 105a can completely gather heat.

When the solar water heater is used, light passes through the light-transmitting layer 104 to reach the heat-insulating layer 105 below, the heat-insulating layer 105 can continuously transmit light, and then reaches the photo-thermal coating 103c above the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103, the photo-thermal coating 103c can convert light and heat into heat energy, the upper heat-insulating layer 105 and the lower heat-insulating layer 105 can fully gather the heat energy inside the photo-thermal water evaporation structure 103, so that moisture in the hydrophilic fabric 103a below the metal heat-conducting layer 103b is evaporated, water vapor condenses into water drops when contacting the metal mesh 102 below, the water drops are further arranged below the metal mesh 102, the water drops can be smoothly gathered by the water drops, when a certain weight is reached, the water drops fall into the metal water storage tank 101, the water storage tank 101a is arranged inside the metal water storage tank 101a for collecting the moisture, and the metal mesh 102 is arranged above the water storage tank 101a and is contacted with the limit ring 101b, so that the metal mesh 102 can be suspended above the water storage tank 101 a.

Further, the downward transpiration-simulating effect can effectively avoid the evaporated water vapor from contacting other parts such as the light-transmitting layer 104, so that the water vapor can not contact the light-transmitting layer 104 to form water drops on the light-transmitting layer 104, the water drops can refract light, the light transmittance and the light-heat conversion efficiency can be reduced, the temperature of the light-transmitting layer 104 is always at a stable temperature, and the normal operation of light-heat conversion is ensured.

In summary, the transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water fresh water collector provided by the invention has the heat insulation layer for preventing converted heat from escaping into the air, and the transpiration-imitating downward photo-thermal water evaporation structure enables water vapor not to be contacted with a light-transmitting material and liquefied when encountering cold, meanwhile, the water vapor is contacted with a metal net in a bottom metal water storage tank, the metal net is supported by copper, and due to the fact that the heat conductivity coefficient of copper is larger, the water vapor is liquefied when encountering cold to form water drops, and meanwhile, the metal water storage tank is semi-immersed in a water body, so that the tank wall is directly contacted with the water body, and the phenomenon that the internal temperature of a collecting device is increased along with the condensation is avoided.

It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the present application as shown in a variety of different exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present inventions. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Furthermore, in order to provide a concise description of the exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described (i.e., those not associated with the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention, or those not associated with practicing the invention).

It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a transpiration-imitating photo-thermal water evaporation fresh water collector is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

coating a photo-thermal coating (103 c) on the metal heat conducting layer (103 b), and adhering a hydrophilic fabric (103 a) on the back of the metal heat conducting layer (103 b) through a heat conducting double-sided adhesive tape to prepare a photo-thermal water evaporation structure (103);

placing a photo-thermal water evaporation structure (103) in the middle of a heat insulation layer (105), adhering a light-transmitting layer (104) with the heat insulation layer (105) on one side by using heat conduction glue, arranging a metal net (102) below the heat insulation layer (105) on the other side, and arranging a metal water storage tank (101) below the metal net (102);

sequentially carrying out water bath ultrasonic treatment on a metal heat conducting layer (103 b) in deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid for 5min, uniformly adhering heat conducting glue to the back surface of the metal heat conducting layer (103 b), adhering a hydrophilic fabric (103 a) to the back surface of the metal heat conducting layer (103 b) adhered with the heat conducting glue, mixing 5g of multi-wall carbon nano tubes with 100mL of ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 75% and carrying out water bath ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 30min to prepare a multi-wall carbon nano tube mixed solution, uniformly coating the multi-wall carbon nano tube mixed solution on the metal heat conducting layer (103 b) by using a glass scraper, standing at room temperature for 5min, and then coating the glass scraper again, wherein the uniform coating is repeated for 20 layers, so that the photo-thermal coating (103 c) is prepared, the material of the heat insulating layer (105) is one of polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam and silicon-based porous material, and the hydrophilic fabric (103 a) is one of hydrophilic fiber fabric prepared by a needling process.

2. The method for preparing the transpiration-imitating hot water evaporation fresh water collector according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the prepared transpiration-imitating downward light and hot water evaporation structure (103) is embedded into a heat insulation layer (105), glue is coated on the upper side and the lower side of the heat insulation layer (105), a light transmission layer (104) is arranged on the heat insulation layer (105), and a metal water storage tank (101) is arranged below the heat insulation layer (105).

3. The method for preparing the transpiration-imitating hot water evaporation fresh water collector as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the light-transmitting layer (104) is made of one of a PDMS film, an acrylic plate, a common glass plate, a quartz glass plate and bubble plastic paper.

4. A fresh water collector manufactured by the method for manufacturing the transpiration-imitating hot water evaporation fresh water collector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that:

the collector unit (100) comprises a metal water storage tank (101), a metal net (102), a photo-thermal water evaporation structure (103), a light-transmitting layer (104) and a heat-insulating layer (105), wherein the lower half part of the metal water storage tank (101) is placed in water, the upper half part of the metal water storage tank is exposed out of the water surface, the metal net (102) is placed inside the metal water storage tank (101), the photo-thermal water evaporation structure (103) is arranged between the two heat-insulating layers (105), the heat-insulating layer (105) positioned at the lower side is arranged above the metal net (102), and the light-transmitting layer (104) is arranged above the heat-insulating layer (105) at the upper side.

5. The transpiration-like hot water evaporation fresh water collector according to claim 4, wherein the fresh water collector is manufactured by a method for manufacturing the transpiration-like hot water evaporation fresh water collector: the metal water storage tank (101) is internally provided with a water storage tank (101 a), and a limit ring (101 b) is further arranged above the water storage tank (101 a).

6. The transpiration-like hot water evaporation fresh water collector according to claim 5, wherein the fresh water collector is manufactured by a method for manufacturing the transpiration-like hot water evaporation fresh water collector: the metal net (102) is provided with net holes (102 a) with uniform size, and the lower end of the net holes (102 a) is also provided with flow guide columns (102 b).

7. The transpiration-like hot water evaporation fresh water collector according to claim 6, wherein the fresh water collector is manufactured by a method for manufacturing the transpiration-like hot water evaporation fresh water collector: a hydrophilic fabric (103 a) is arranged below the photo-thermal water evaporation structure (103), a metal heat conduction layer (103 b) is further arranged above the hydrophilic fabric (103 a), and a photo-thermal coating (103 c) is further arranged above the metal heat conduction layer (103 b).

8. The transpiration-like hot water evaporation fresh water collector according to claim 7, wherein the fresh water collector is manufactured by a method for manufacturing the transpiration-like hot water evaporation fresh water collector, and is characterized in that: the heat insulation layer (105) is internally provided with a heat insulation layer (105 a), the heat insulation layer (105) is of a sandwich structure with a hollowed middle part, and the heat insulation layer (105 a) is placed in the heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer are combined to form a heat insulation structure.