CN218596159U

CN218596159U - Three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination

Info

Publication number: CN218596159U
Application number: CN202221634231.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 管家宁; 张宪胜; 王莉莉; 曲丽君; 于少囡; 孟雅鑫
Original assignee: Qingdao University
Current assignee: Qingdao University
Priority date: 2022-06-27
Filing date: 2022-06-27
Publication date: 2023-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2032-06-27

Abstract

The utility model discloses a three-dimensional array solar energy interface evaporator for desalination, including thermal-insulated backup pad, the upper surface of thermal-insulated backup pad is provided with a plurality of cylindricality three-dimensional evaporation parts that are used for lasting evaporating the sea water that have the big specific surface area of porous or many clearance structures to extending perpendicularly, and this cylindricality three-dimensional evaporation parts passes the lower surface of thermal-insulated backup pad downwards and forms a water guide end to the following extension of sea water surface, forms a plurality of water conservancy diversion passageways that are used for with the quick diffusion of steam each other between adjacent cylindricality three-dimensional evaporation parts, the surface of cylindricality three-dimensional evaporation parts is provided with hydrophilic layer, and the surface deposition on hydrophilic layer has the light and heat conversion layer who is used for improving light absorption performance and light and heat conversion performance. The invention is easy to prepare, high in efficiency and salt-tolerant, can be applied in large-scale industrialization, provides an effective method for solving the problem of water resource shortage, and has wide application prospect in the fields of seawater desalination and sewage treatment.

Description

Three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a sea water desalination technical field especially relates to a three-dimensional array solar energy interface evaporator for sea water desalination.

Background

With the development of economy and the increase of population, the shortage of fresh water resources seriously affects the human health, industrial production and the stability of the whole ecological system. Fortunately, 70% of the earth's surface area is covered by seawater from which purified drinking water can be obtained by using electrodialysis, multi-effect distillation, reverse osmosis, and the like. However, the above techniques have disadvantages of high energy consumption or environmental pollution. In recent years, solar-driven interfacial water evaporation technology has attracted extensive attention in academia and industry, which can realize eco-friendly, low-cost, safe, power-independent desalination of sea water, and is considered to be an excellent choice for producing pure water, becoming one of the most promising approaches to alleviate the imminent crisis of fresh water shortage. In order to solve the above problems, a solar interface evaporator based on a photothermal evaporation technology is known. Considering that the total amount of water to be evaporated is directly related to the evaporation rate, the pursuit of high water evaporation rate has become a hot point of research on solar interface evaporation. In order to improve the evaporation rate and efficiency, people always strive to synthesize efficient photothermal conversion materials and optimize the functional structure of the evaporator. Various photothermal materials applicable to interfacial evaporation have been reported, but optimization of photothermal materials only increases the evaporation rate to a limited extent, approaching the theoretical evaporation limit of a two-dimensional (2D) planar evaporator (1.47 kg · m-2 · h-1). The main technology is as follows:

CN 113307321A discloses a solar interface evaporator and application thereof, the invention takes microalgae oil extraction residues as raw materials, through the processes of cleaning, drying, carbonization, activation reaming and the like, an environment-friendly and low-carbon photo-thermal conversion material is developed, meanwhile, a heat insulation substrate for optimizing water delivery performance design is developed, the two materials are combined into the solar interface evaporator and are used in the field of solar seawater desalination, and the prepared interface evaporator has a proper water channel and excellent photo-thermal performance, and has good solar water evaporation performance.

CN 111302423A discloses a solar water purifier based on interface solar photothermal conversion, which comprises a solar interface evaporator and a distilled water collector, wherein the solar interface evaporator comprises an open water storage disc and a light absorption body with high-efficiency photothermal conversion efficiency; the light absorption body is of a double-layer structure and is formed by compounding an upper layer of photo-thermal conversion material and a lower layer of thermal insulation material, and dust-free cloth is arranged between the upper layer of material and the lower layer of material; when the dust-free cloth is used, the dust-free cloth can be ensured to be continuously contacted with the liquid level in the water storage disc so as to ensure that enough water is transported to the surface of the light absorption body to ensure continuous evaporation.

CN111282443A discloses a membrane material for solar interface evaporation seawater desalination and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of firstly preparing a PAA nanofiber membrane by adopting an electrostatic spinning technology, then heating and pressurizing to imidize the PAA nanofiber membrane to obtain a PI nanofiber membrane, and finally ablating the surface of the PI membrane by adopting a laser ablation technology to form porous and fluffy graphene fibers on the surface of the PI membrane. The utility model discloses when the porous evaporation membrane of PI-LIG of preparation was used as solar energy interface evaporation sea water desalination's membrane material, the light absorption rate can reach 98%, has efficient evaporation rate and light and heat conversion performance, and the durability is good, and its evaporation rate is up to 1.595kg m-2 h-1 under a sunlight, and its light and heat conversion efficiency has reached 92.55% simultaneously, is applicable to the sea water desalination and handles.

The surface evaporation technology mainly makes full use of natural factors such as illumination, wind speed, air relative humidity and the like. If the evaporation speed is to be increased, theoretically, only three means can be used, namely, the liquid temperature is increased, and the evaporation speed is increased as the temperature is higher; secondly, accelerating the air flow rate on the water surface; thirdly, the surface area of the evaporated liquid is increased. For practical application of solar interface evaporation, the investment and energy consumption are extremely high and are obviously unrealistic due to the fact that the air flow rate is artificially heated or increased in the two modes, so that the water temperature can be increased only in a sunshine mode and the natural wind power is relied on, and the seawater evaporation speed is difficult to increase in the two modes. For the third way, to increase the surface area for liquid evaporation, seawater interface evaporation is surface evaporation, the larger the area the faster the natural evaporation rate, but solar interface evaporators are proportional to the investment and cannot be infinite. By analyzing the above problems, it is currently possible to increase the evaporation surface area of an interfacial evaporator by other means. The solar interface evaporator with the plane two-dimensional structure has limited evaporation surface area, so that the water evaporation efficiency is limited. Therefore, on the basis of the prior plane structure interface evaporator, in order to break through the evaporation rate limit of the plane evaporator, researchers design a three-dimensional (3D) structure evaporator with a larger evaporation surface area, and the specific technology is as follows:

CN 114314719A provides a composite evaporation rod based on interfacial evaporation, which comprises a photothermal conversion layer and a water supply layer, wherein the photothermal conversion layer wraps the water supply layer. Bottom water supply type evaporation bar: the composite evaporation rod is inserted into a water source to be treated, is fixed on the water surface through a hole in the middle of polystyrene foam, and the bottom of the composite evaporation rod is immersed in water supply to continuously supply water to the photothermal conversion layer under the capillary action. Top water supply type evaporating stick: and (3) filling a water source to be treated into a water storage container at the top of the evaporation rod, and supplying water to the photothermal conversion layer under the capillary action and the gravity action. The evaporation flux of the composite evaporation rod provided by the patent is far higher than that of the conventional evaporation material in a unit occupied area, and the composite evaporation rod has the advantages of high-efficiency evaporation, low cost and sustainability.

CN 114506892A discloses a photo-thermal interface evaporator, a preparation method and an application thereof. The photothermal interface evaporator includes: the base is a hydrophilic base and is provided with a bearing surface, and the bearing surface is the upper surface of a plurality of pointed bulges distributed in an array; and a photothermal film located on the bearing surface. The utility model discloses a be the total area of a plurality of sharp protruding control loading ends of form that the array distributes, can reduce the area of contact between base and the light and heat membrane by a wide margin, effectively reduce from the heat-conduction between light and heat membrane to the base, constitute the light and heat interface evaporimeter that has low heat dissipation, high fever and gathers. Compared with the conventional evaporator, the photo-thermal interface evaporator effectively inhibits heat dissipation, improves heat accumulation, improves the evaporation rate and energy efficiency of a photo-thermal interface evaporation system, and can improve the evaporation rate by 10-100%.

Compared with the traditional planar two-dimensional evaporator, the solar interface evaporator technology with the three-dimensional structure has the advantages that the evaporation speed is greatly increased due to the fact that the evaporation area is increased, but the manufacturing cost is high, the structure is complex, the long-term stability of a complex environment is poor, the overall maintenance amount is large, and the solar interface evaporator technology is not suitable for large-scale application. The side of the 3D evaporator cannot absorb sunlight, and the side evaporation causes the side temperature to be lower than the ambient temperature, so that the evaporator can absorb energy from the environment. However, most of the evaporators including the above-mentioned patent technologies do not consider the diffusion path of the vapor, and a large amount of vapor stagnates inside the pores and cannot diffuse, thereby severely limiting the evaporation rate. It is also worth noting that the long-term stability of the evaporator in a complex environment is critical to the realization of large-scale practical applications of solar evaporation technology. In addition, the excellent salt resistance of the evaporator is also a key factor for determining the long-term stable evaporation of the evaporator. Therefore, how to solve the problems of reducing the cost, increasing the photothermal conversion efficiency, improving the water evaporation efficiency, improving the salt tolerance and the like, and realizing the industrial application is a difficult problem which puzzles the technical personnel in the field of seawater desalination and sewage treatment and needs to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved of the utility model is to provide a three-dimensional array solar energy interface evaporator for sea water desalination that has efficient light and heat conversion efficiency, stabilizes efficient water evaporation rate, excellent salt tolerance and can use characteristics such as on a large scale that simple structure exists.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who takes is: a three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination comprises a heat insulation supporting plate which floats on the surface of seawater and is provided with a lower surface which is in contact with the surface of the seawater and an upper surface which is arranged corresponding to the lower surface, wherein a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components which are used for continuously evaporating the seawater and have large specific surface areas and porous or multi-gap structures are vertically arranged on the upper surface of the heat insulation supporting plate in an upward extending mode, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components downwards penetrate through the lower surface of the heat insulation supporting plate and extend to the position below the surface of the seawater to form a water guide end used for transmitting the seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components, a plurality of flow guide channels used for rapidly diffusing steam are formed between every two adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components, hydrophilic layers are arranged on the surfaces of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components, and light-heat conversion layers used for improving light absorption performance and light-heat conversion performance are deposited on the surfaces of the hydrophilic layers.

In the three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a yarn strip formed by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, and the yarn strip is arranged on the heat insulation support plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or irregular distribution.

Foretell three-dimensional array solar energy interface evaporator for sea water desalination, the three-dimensional evaporation part of cylindricality includes the cluster shape tow of compriseing a plurality of single fibers, and the length direction along a plurality of single fibers transversely binds in proper order from the upper surface of thermal-insulated backup pad to the top of single fiber and is used for retraining the spacing strip of the whole shape of cluster shape tow, the cluster shape tow is annular array, rectangular array or irregularly distributed in the thermal-insulated backup pad.

According to the three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination, the linear density of the yarn strips is 10-300tex, the diameter of the yarn strips is 0.5-8mm, the gap between every two adjacent yarn strips is 0.1-50mm, and the height of the yarn strips is 0.1-15 cm.

In the three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination, the supporting and ventilating component which extends from the water guiding end to the top end direction of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and is used for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency is arranged in the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component, the supporting and ventilating component comprises a cylinder body with a steam diffusion channel, and a plurality of steam guiding holes for rapidly diffusing steam are formed in the cylinder wall of the cylinder body along the axis direction of the cylinder body.

According to the three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination, the photothermal conversion layer is formed by depositing the photothermal conversion material on the surface of a plurality of strands of fibers or single fibers, the photothermal conversion layer accounts for 1-20wt% of the weight of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component containing the hydrophilic layer, and the photothermal conversion material is any one of graphene, carbon nano tubes and MXene.

In the three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination, the surface of the photothermal conversion layer is provided with the protective layer for preventing the photothermal conversion layer from falling off, the thickness of the protective layer is set to be 1.5-2.5 mu m,

in the three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination, the heat insulation support plate is made of a material which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface, the material is any one of polystyrene foam, sponge, aerogel and carpet base cloth, and the thickness of the heat insulation support plate is 0.5-3cm.

In the three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination, the fiber or single fiber of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is pure spun yarn or blended yarn prepared from multiple kinds of pure spun yarns prepared from one of cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, terylene, chinlon, vinylon, acrylic fibers and aramid fibers.

The utility model discloses a three-dimensional array solar energy interface evaporator for sea water desalination's advantage is: the three-dimensional (3D) evaporator is of a yarn vertical array structure with multistage pores and is modified by using a photothermal conversion material MXene and polydopamine/polyethyleneimine. The unique multistage aperture of 3D vertical array evaporimeter can furthest realize light capture, and abundant aperture structure has effectively increased evaporation surface area and steam escape space simultaneously, and 3D evaporimeter side temperature is less than ambient temperature in addition, can further absorb energy from the environment. In addition, the vertical arrangement structure of the evaporator causes the evaporator to form salt concentration and temperature gradient in the evaporation process, and the Marangoni effect induced by the evaporator can promote the flow of water, thereby further improving the evaporation rate and the energy conversion efficiency. Under the conditions of 1 piece of sunlight irradiation and no air convection, the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional fabric 3D evaporator reaches 3.95 kg.m < -2 > h < -1 >, the evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional fabric for 8 hours continuously outdoors reaches 47.04 kg.m < -2 >, and the three-dimensional fabric can be fully diffused under the convection condition of 4 ms < -1 >, so that the evaporation rate can reach 13.25 kg.m < -2 > h < -1 >. Meanwhile, under the convection and diffusion effects promoted by the unique structure, even in 14% saline water, the surface does not have any salt crystal under the irradiation of 1 sun for 120h, and excellent salt resistance is shown. Meanwhile, the core-shell structure formed by the PDA/PE on the surface of the photo-thermal material ensures the stability and durability of the photo-thermal conversion material, and is beneficial to promoting the large-scale practical application of the solar evaporator. The design of the vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator provides a new idea for developing a sustainable, durable and extensible solar evaporation system. The utility model discloses easily prepare, high efficiency, the three-dimensional array solar energy interfacial evaporator of integration that salt-tolerant, repeatedly usable with can use on a large scale, for solving water resource shortage problem provides effective method, have extensive application prospect in sea water desalination and sewage treatment field.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an electron microscope photograph before and after fiber loading of PDA/PEI and MXene in a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;

FIG. 3 is a wettability test image of a photothermal conversion layer;

FIG. 4 is a spectrum diagram of the light absorption properties of a vertical array three-dimensional fabric before and after loading PDA/PEI and MXene;

FIG. 5 is a graph of thermal conductivity infrared thermal imaging of a vertical array dimensional web;

FIG. 6 is an infrared thermal imaging chart of a vertical array three-dimensional fabric seawater desalination process;

FIG. 7 is a graph comparing evaporation rates for different yarn spacings and different heights;

FIG. 8 is an anti-bacterial contamination test chart of a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the oil contamination resistance of a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;

FIG. 10 is a salt contamination resistance test chart of a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the tufted fiber bundle of embodiment 4 of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the air permeable member supported according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "both ends", "one end", "the other end" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element to which the reference is made must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "provided," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional array solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination comprises a heat insulation support plate 1 floating on the surface of seawater, the heat insulation support plate 1 has a lower surface 2 contacting with the surface of seawater and an upper surface 3 corresponding to the lower surface 2, the heat insulation support plate 1 is made of a material having heat insulation performance and capable of floating on the water surface, the material can be selected from polystyrene foam, sponge, aerogel, carpet base cloth and the like, and the thickness is 0.5-3cm. Of course, the thickness of the heat-insulating support plate 1 can be arbitrarily adjusted as required according to the actual evaporation efficiency and the bearing capacity. A plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4 with large specific surface area and a porous or multi-gap structure for continuously evaporating seawater extend upwards and vertically from the upper surface 3 of the heat insulation support plate 1, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4 downwards penetrate through the lower surface 2 of the heat insulation support plate 1 and extend to the position below the surface of the seawater to form a water guide end 5 for conveying the seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4, and a plurality of flow guide channels 6 for rapidly diffusing steam are formed between the adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4.

In this embodiment, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 is a yarn strip 7 formed by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, and the yarn strip 7 is distributed on the heat insulation support plate 1 in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution. The yarn strips 7 form a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, the yarns of the yarn strips 7 are pure or blended yarns of cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, terylene, chinlon, vinylon, acrylon, aramid fiber and the like, the linear density of the yarn strips 7 is 10tex, the diameter of the yarn strips is 0.5mm, the gap between every two adjacent yarn strips is 0.1mm, and the height of the yarn strips is 0.1cm.

The preparation process comprises the following steps: make roving with stranded fibre through the twisting, the structure greatly increased effectual evaporation area that stranded fibre twisting formed the roving, the twist is set for according to actual evaporation efficiency and environmental condition, ensures that the roving is soft. According to the specific clearance requirement, fix the roving in proper order on the array position of thermal-insulated backup pad 1 through the mode of sewing or weaving, the roving penetrates behind the thermal-insulated backup pad 1 and is located the yarn formation of thermal-insulated backup pad 1 below and leads water end 5, cuts the roving in thermal-insulated backup pad 1 according to the altitude requirement after the fixed back that finishes. The insulating support plate 1 floats on the water surface and transfers the moisture from the bottom of the roving to the top. The yarns are firmly woven on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 by adopting a simple and effective sewing method, so that the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric with adjustable roving size and pores is formed.

In order to improve the light absorption performance, the evaporation performance and the salt contamination resistance of the yarns 7, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation part 4 is subjected to hydrophilic modification treatment, light-heat conversion layer deposition modification treatment and surface oxidation resistance treatment in sequence. In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene. And depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material. The vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric finally obtained is immersed in a tris buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, and a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer, namely an anti-oxidation film, is formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, wherein the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5-2.5 micrometers, and the optimal thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 2 micrometers. The electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric. MXene and hydrophilic polydopamine/polyethyleneimine layers with 100% of photothermal conversion efficiency are subjected to in-situ formation of a sandwich microstructure of Polydopamine (PDA)/Polyethyleneimine (PEI) -MXene-Polydopamine (PDA)/Polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the fiber surface by an extensible layer-by-layer self-assembly method. A sandwich microstructure is understood to be a three-layer film formed on the surface of the fibres. FIG. 2 shows an electron microscope photograph of the fibers constituting the yarn strip after the gradual modification treatment, wherein the fibers are hemp fibers, a is the original untreated fibers, b is the fibers after PDA/PEI treatment, c is the fibers after PDA/PEI and MXene treatment, and d is the fibers after PDA/PEI, MXene and PDA/PEI treatment. The first film is formed by PDA/PEI, a hydrophilic cation modified film is formed on the surface of the fiber, and the second MXene is used for better combining MXene on the surface of the fiber, and absorbs sunlight and converts the sunlight into heat. The third layer of Polydopamine (PDA)/Polyethyleneimine (PEI) film is used for protecting MXene and preventing MXene from falling off or oxidizing; in addition, the water-guiding and hydrophilic effect is achieved.

The utility model discloses a preparation method for three-dimensional array solar energy interface evaporator for sea water desalination, include following step:

1. preparing a heat insulation support plate and a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation part:

(1) Selecting a plate body which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface for later use;

(2) Cutting the plate body according to actual needs to obtain a heat insulation support plate for later use;

(3) Twisting multiple strands of fibers to form a yarn strip 7;

(4) Fixing a plurality of yarn strips 7 on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 in sequence according to a certain interval distance, and penetrating through the heat insulation supporting plate 1 to extend downwards to form a water guide end 5;

(5) Adjusting the lengths of yarn strips 7 above and below the heat-insulating support plate 1 and the gaps between adjacent yarn strips to obtain a three-dimensional fabric consisting of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 and the heat-insulating support plate 1;

2. hydrophilic and cationic modification:

(1) Cleaning the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning with distilled water and drying;

(2) Dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;

(3) Repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric by using deionized water;

(4) Drying the cleaned three-dimensional fabric by using an air-blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 2 hours to achieve complete drying;

(5) Obtaining a dopamine/polyethyleneimine modified hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with a cationic surface;

3. and (3) deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer:

and depositing the photothermal conversion material on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the photothermal conversion material modified vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric.

In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer includes the following steps:

1. preparing MXene solution:

(1) 2.5gMAX phase precursor Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring and reacting at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain reaction solution;

(2) Centrifuging the reaction solution for many times by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant is 6;

(3) Dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with the volume percentage concentration of 2 mg/ml;

2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric:

and (3) depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 1wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.

The weight ratio of dopamine to polyethyleneimine is 2. The particle size of MAX is 200 meshes, the temperature is 25 ℃, the reaction time is 12h, the centrifugation speed is 1500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion is 0.5mg/mL. The photothermal conversion material can also be selected from graphene or carbon nanotubes, and the photothermal conversion material can be selectively realized according to deposition methods of different photothermal conversion materials.

In order to further improve the water guide performance and protect the hydrophilic modified membrane and the membrane formed by MXene, the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material is subjected to anti-oxidation treatment, the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric is immersed in a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, and the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5 microns.

The utility model discloses excellent salt that hinders performance is attributed to the vertical arrangement hole that hydrophilic yarn frame constitutes, because the wicking effect leads to being full of the sea water in the hole, the salt solution always carries low salt concentration's salt through diffusion and convection current along the shortest path from the yarn surface of high salt concentration. Meanwhile, the water flow speed of vertical pores among the yarns is higher than that of small-pore-diameter fiber pore canals, so that the water solution in the evaporator array is subjected to faster salt exchange, and the salt resistance is excellent. The utility model discloses only utilize solar energy as the driving energy, need not consume other energy, avoided the problem that conventional interface evaporator needs regular maintenance and change simultaneously, have characteristics such as portable, low price and water evaporation are efficient, can stably be applied to sea water desalination, sewage treatment and outdoor drinking water purification for a long time.

As shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the fiber is fibrilia as an example, and the testing performance of the three-dimensional array solar interface evaporator of the present invention is as follows:

1. wettability test

Contact angle test for water in air: the prepared MXene modified hemp yarn is horizontally placed on a contact angle measuring instrument, and 5 mu L of water is taken for measurement. The contact angle test and the wetting process test of the MXene modified linen yarn-based photothermal conversion material to water are shown in FIG. 3. The evaporator is super-hydrophilic to water, and the whole wetting process of water drops on the surface of the evaporator is only 1 second.

2. Light absorption Performance test

The MXene modified three-dimensional fabric based photothermal conversion material is cut into the size of 2cm x 1cm in length, width and height, and the light absorption performance within the wavelength range of 280-2500nm is tested by using a UV-vis-NIR ultraviolet spectrometer. The test results are shown in fig. 4. The light absorption rate of MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric (PDA/PEI-MXene-PDA/PEI) in a wet state is close to 97.5%, and excellent light absorption is shown.

3. Testing the heat conduction performance:

an MXene modified vertical array dimensional fabric evaporator (3X 3 cm) was placed on a hot plate at 85 ℃ for 2.5h. And monitoring the surface temperature change in real time by using an infrared thermal imager. The test results are shown in fig. 5, showing a temperature difference of 55 c between the opposite surfaces, the upper surface temperature of the styrofoam being maintained at about 46 c, and the top surface temperature of the evaporator being fixed at about 30 c, indicating that the evaporator has a good heat insulation effect.

4. Hot set performance test

The MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator is placed in a beaker, a xenon lamp is used for simulating a solar light source to perform an illumination experiment, and an infrared thermal imager is used for monitoring the temperature change of the evaporation surface in real time. The test results are shown in fig. 6: when 1 sun incident light strikes the surface of the solid fabric floating on the water, the temperature of the top surface increased from 24 ℃ to 33.9 ℃, compared to bulk water which remained hot for 40 minutes.

5. Test of Evaporation Performance

An MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator (yarn gaps are respectively defined as PP/M/PP-H-D1, PP/M/PP-H-D2, PP/M/PP-H-D3 and PP/M/PP-H-D4 from large to small) is placed in a beaker filled with seawater, a simulated solar light source is utilized to carry out an illumination experiment, and an electronic balance is used for monitoring the evaporation quality change of a water body in real time. The test results are shown in FIG. 7, in which the evaporation rate is increased and then decreased with the decrease of the macro-voids between the yarns under 1 sun light irradiation without air convection, wherein PP/M/PP-H-D2 has the maximum evaporation rate of 3.10 kg-M ^-2 ·h ^-1 . The evaporation rate of water of the evaporator continuously increases along with the increase of the height of the evaporator, and the evaporation rate of the evaporator with the height of 8cm is up to 3.95 kg.m ^-2 ·h ^-1 。

6. And (3) antibacterial pollution test:

the antibacterial activity of MXene modified vertical array dimensional fabrics was evaluated using escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, respectively. As shown in fig. 8, cotton did not exhibit antibacterial activity. However, the antibacterial efficiencies of the hemp fiber and the PDA/PEI modified hemp fiber to Escherichia coli were 49.3% and 53.2%, respectively, and to Staphylococcus aureus, 44.5% and 49.2%. The antibacterial efficiency of the MXene modified fibrilia on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.9%, which shows that the fibrilia has excellent antibacterial performance.

7. And (3) testing the oil pollution resistance:

the MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator is placed in water, n-hexane dyed by methyl red is rapidly sprayed to the surface of the fiber, as shown in figure 9, the n-hexane immediately escapes from the surface of the fiber without leaving any oil drops, and the excellent oil pollution resistance of the MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator is proved. The water evaporation performance of the evaporator in soybean oil, diesel oil and engine oil water-in-water emulsion is tested, and it can be seen that the water evaporation amount is linearly changed along with time and almost equal to the evaporation rate of pure water.

8. Salt contamination resistance test:

the MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator was floated in a 14wt% NaCl solution and subjected to evaporation test for 120 hours continuously under one sun light irradiation, as shown in FIG. 10, no precipitated salt crystals were observed on the evaporator surface, and the evaporator surface temperature was kept stable all the time.

Example 2:

the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not described again, but the differences are as follows:

the threads 7 had a linear density of 150tex, a diameter of 4mm, a gap of 25mm between adjacent threads and a height of 8cm. The dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating was 2 μm thick.

2. Hydrophilic and cationic modification:

(3) Repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitates on the surface of the fabric by using deionized water;

(4) Drying the cleaned three-dimensional fabric by using a blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 80 ℃ for 3.5 hours to achieve complete drying;

1. preparing MXene solution:

(1) 2.5gMAX phase precursor Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x The powder was slowly added to a 50ml mixed solution of 3.0g LiF and 9mol/L HClStirring and reacting in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker at constant temperature to obtain a reaction solution;

(2) Centrifuging the reaction solution for many times by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant is 6.5;

(3) Dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with volume percentage concentration of 8 mg/ml;

2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric:

and (3) depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method, so as to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or an impregnation method, and the MXene content accounts for 10wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.

The weight ratio of dopamine to polyethyleneimine is 1, the concentrations are 1.5mg/mL respectively, the pH value of the tris buffer is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 1%. The particle size of MAX is 350 meshes, the temperature is 37 ℃, the reaction time is 21h, the centrifugation speed is 3500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid is 10mg/mL.

Example 3:

the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiments 1-2 are not described again, but the differences are:

the threads 7 had a linear density of 300tex and a diameter of 8mm, the gaps between adjacent threads were 50mm and a height of 15cm. The thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer was 2.5 μm.

2. Hydrophilic and cationic modification:

(4) Drying the cleaned three-dimensional fabric by using a forced air drying oven at the drying temperature of 100 ℃ for 5 hours to achieve complete drying;

1. preparing MXene solution:

(2) Centrifuging the reaction solution for many times by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant is 7;

(3) Dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with volume percentage concentration of 15 mg/ml;

2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric:

and (3) depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 20wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.

The weight ratio of dopamine to polyethyleneimine is 1. The particle size of MAX is 600 meshes, the temperature is 45 ℃, the reaction time is 30h, the centrifugation speed is 8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid is 20mg/mL.

Example 4:

the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiments 1-3 will not be described again, and the differences are as follows:

as shown in fig. 11, the present embodiment provides another form of the cylindrical solid evaporation member. The cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation part 4 is a cluster-shaped fiber bundle formed by binding a plurality of single fibers 8, the plurality of single fibers 8 form the fiber bundle, a limiting strip 9 for restraining the overall shape of the fiber bundle is sequentially and transversely bound from the upper surface 3 of the heat insulation supporting plate 1 to the top of the single fibers 8 along the length direction of the plurality of single fibers 8, and the cluster-shaped fiber bundle is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution. The preparation process comprises the following steps: the fiber bundle is formed by the plurality of single fibers 8, then the fiber bundle is bound once through the limiting strips 9, a large number of gaps 10 exist among the plurality of single fibers 8 forming the fiber bundle, the specific surface area of the plurality of single fibers 8 is large, the effective evaporation area is greatly increased by the structure, the number of the single fibers 8 is set according to actual evaporation efficiency and environmental conditions, the fiber bundle is ensured to be soft, the tightness determines the gaps among the single fibers 8, and therefore the binding tightness can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. According to the specific gap requirement between the clustered fiber bundles, a plurality of fixing holes are drilled in the heat insulation supporting plate 1, the fiber bundles are sequentially fixed in the fixing holes of the heat insulation supporting plate 1, the fiber bundles penetrate into the heat insulation supporting plate 1 and are positioned below the heat insulation supporting plate 1 to form a water guide end 5, and the fiber bundles on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 are cut according to the height requirement after the fixing is finished. The insulating support plate 1 floats on the water surface 11 and transfers the water from the bottom to the top of the single fibers 8. The yarns are firmly woven on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 by adopting a simple and effective sewing method, so that the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric with adjustable cluster-shaped fiber bundle size and pores is formed.

Example 5:

the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiments 1 to 4 are not described again, but the differences are as follows:

as shown in fig. 12, in order to diffuse a large amount of steam stagnated inside the pores outward more quickly and further increase the evaporation rate, so that the evaporator can adapt to various complicated environments such as humidity, temperature, etc., a supporting and ventilating member 12 extending from the water guiding end 5 through the heat insulating support plate 1 toward the top end of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4 for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency is arranged in the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4, the supporting and ventilating member 12 comprises a cylinder 14 having a steam diffusion channel 13, and a plurality of steam guiding holes 15 for diffusing steam quickly are opened on the wall of the cylinder 14 along the axial direction of the cylinder 14. The cylinder 14 is provided at the center of the yarn 7 or the cluster fiber bundle, and also serves to stabilize the upright shape of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should also understand that the changes, modifications, additions and substitutions made within the scope of the present invention should all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination comprises a heat insulation support plate floating on the surface of seawater, the heat insulation support plate is provided with a lower surface contacting with the surface of the seawater and an upper surface arranged corresponding to the lower surface, and the three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator is characterized in that: the upper surface of thermal-insulated backup pad upwards extends perpendicularly and is provided with a plurality of cylindricality three-dimensional evaporation parts that are used for lasting evaporation seawater have the big specific surface area of porous or many clearance structures, and this cylindricality three-dimensional evaporation part passes the lower surface of thermal-insulated backup pad downwards and extends below the seawater surface and form a water guide end that is used for transmitting the seawater to the three-dimensional evaporation parts of cylindricality, forms a plurality of water conservancy diversion passageways that are used for with steam rapid diffusion each other between adjacent three-dimensional evaporation parts of cylindricality, the surface of the three-dimensional evaporation parts of cylindricality is provided with hydrophilic layer, and the surface deposit on hydrophilic layer has the light-heat conversion layer who is used for improving light absorption performance and light-heat conversion performance.

2. The three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a yarn strip formed by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, and the yarn strip is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution.

3. The three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component comprises a cluster-shaped fiber bundle consisting of a plurality of single fibers, wherein limiting strips used for restraining the overall shape of the cluster-shaped fiber bundle are sequentially and transversely bound from the upper surface of the heat insulation supporting plate to the tops of the single fibers along the length direction of the single fibers, and the cluster-shaped fiber bundle is in an annular array, a rectangular array or irregular distribution on the heat insulation supporting plate.

4. The three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the yarn strips have the linear density of 10-300tex, the diameter of 0.5-8mm, the gap between adjacent yarn strips of 0.1-50mm and the height of 0.1-15 cm.

5. The three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steam diffusion device is characterized in that a supporting and ventilating component which extends from a water guide end to the top end direction of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and is used for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency is arranged in the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component, the supporting and ventilating component comprises a barrel body with a steam diffusion channel, and a plurality of steam guide holes used for rapidly diffusing steam are formed in the barrel wall of the barrel body along the axis direction of the barrel body.

6. The three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the photothermal conversion layer is formed by depositing a photothermal conversion material on the surface of a plurality of strands of fibers or single fibers, the weight of the photothermal conversion layer accounts for 1-20wt% of the weight of the cylindrical stereoscopic evaporation component containing the hydrophilic layer, and the photothermal conversion material is any one of graphene, a carbon nano tube and MXene.

7. The three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the surface of the photothermal conversion layer is provided with a protective layer for preventing the photothermal conversion layer from falling off, and the thickness of the protective layer is set to be 1.5-2.5 mu m.

8. The three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation support plate is made of a material which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface, the material is any one of polystyrene foam, sponge, aerogel and carpet base cloth, and the thickness of the heat insulation support plate is 0.5-3cm.

9. The three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator for seawater desalination of claim 2 or 3, wherein the fiber of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation part is a pure spun yarn prepared from one of cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, terylene, chinlon, vinylon, acrylon and aramid fiber.