CN113735208B - Seawater desalination evaporator based on MXene modified honeycomb fabric and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seawater desalination evaporator based on MXene modified honeycomb fabric and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113735208B CN113735208B CN202111044753.9A CN202111044753A CN113735208B CN 113735208 B CN113735208 B CN 113735208B CN 202111044753 A CN202111044753 A CN 202111044753A CN 113735208 B CN113735208 B CN 113735208B
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- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D21/00—Lappet- or swivel-woven fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0221—Vinyl resin
- B32B2266/0228—Aromatic vinyl resin, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sea water desalination, in particular to a sea water desalination evaporator based on MXene modified honeycomb fabrics and a preparation method thereof, the sea water desalination evaporator comprises a photo-thermal conversion layer, a heat insulation supporting layer which is arranged below the photo-thermal conversion layer and is contacted with the photo-thermal conversion layer and can float on the water surface, and a lower end which penetrates through the center of the heat insulation supporting layer and the top end of the heat insulation supporting layer is tightly attached to the center of the photo-thermal conversion layer, wherein a water guide piece which is inserted into water at the bottom end and is used for forming a salt collecting area around the photo-thermal conversion layer after water is guided to the photo-thermal conversion layer, and the sea water desalination evaporator has the characteristics of high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, stable and high water evaporation rate, effective salt collecting capacity, large-scale application and the like, and has wide application prospects in the sea water desalination field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sea water desalination, in particular to a sea water desalination evaporator based on an MXene modified honeycomb fabric and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Fresh water resource shortage is becoming a serious challenge worldwide, and now more than one-fourth of the world population is experiencing severe water deficit in severe water deficit conditions, nearly half of the population suffering severe water deficit at least one month each year. The sea water covers 70% of the area of the earth, and the low-cost sustainable purification preparation of fresh water from the sea water is a necessary way for future development, and particularly, the demands of coastal cities and island cities for sea water desalination are increasingly prominent. However, conventional desalination of sea water based on thermal energy or filtration membranes, such as reverse osmosis, multistage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation and vapor compression distillation, consumes a large amount of electricity, and requires a large and complex centralized infrastructure, which is not a sustainable approach for remote and economically lagged areas. The solar light is used as an energy source to drive the evaporation of water vapor in the seawater, which is a promising method for obtaining fresh water, and can alleviate serious water shortage problem under the condition of minimal influence on environment.
To date, many efforts have considered developing evaporators with rational structural design, such as plasma metal particles for localized heating, double layer foam with black surfaces for efficient light absorption and thermal management, and carbonaceous materials with broadband light absorption and hydrophilic surfaces for water evaporation. However, these aspects are rarely systematically considered at the overall structural level in these studies to simultaneously maximize the conversion of sunlight into heat, minimize heat loss, and facilitate water transport and escape. Meanwhile, in the actual sea water desalting process, salt is accumulated on the surface of the evaporator due to water evaporation, so that the light absorption area of the photo-thermal material is seriously affected, and a channel for escaping steam can be blocked. Accordingly, researchers have induced diffusion of salt from the evaporation surface through millimeter-sized holes into large amounts of water by designing perforated structures with millimeter-sized holes; the unique structure of Janus is utilized to allow salt ions to stay in the hydrophilic layer without crystallizing on the evaporator surface of the hydrophobic layer; or constructing a nanofiber-based evaporator, forcing salt to travel along pores between nanofibers from the evaporation interface to water, etc., to solve the surface salt accumulation problem. However, these methods simultaneously result in heat loss by rapid convection or inevitably result in a portion of the light passing through the evaporator through the holes. In addition, highly concentrated salts cannot be recovered, wasting valuable mineral resources.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a seawater evaporation device, which plays a role in combination and synergy in light absorption, thermal management, water transmission, salt blocking and the like, realizes continuous steam generation and salt harvesting in the solar evaporation process, simultaneously does not need repeated disassembly and assembly of the photo-thermal conversion material, saves time and physical strength, improves the water evaporation rate, and has low cost, green repeated use and large-scale application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric and the preparation method thereof are provided, and the seawater desalination evaporator has the characteristics of high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, stable and efficient water evaporation rate, effective salt collection capability, large-scale application and the like, and has wide application prospects in the field of seawater desalination.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric comprises a photo-thermal conversion layer, a heat insulation supporting layer which is arranged below the photo-thermal conversion layer and is contacted with the photo-thermal conversion layer and can float on the water surface, and a water guide piece which penetrates through the center of the heat insulation supporting layer and the top end of the heat insulation supporting layer is tightly attached to the center of the photo-thermal conversion layer, wherein the bottom end of the water guide piece is inserted into water and is used for forming a salt collecting area around the photo-thermal conversion layer after water is guided to the photo-thermal conversion layer.
In the seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric, the light-heat conversion layer is the MXene modified honeycomb fabric.
In the sea water desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric, the supporting heat insulation layer is made of polystyrene foam, and the thickness is 0.5-3cm.
The seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric is characterized in that the water guide piece is a cylindrical cotton stick formed by cotton fibers, the diameter of the cylindrical cotton stick is 1-5mm, and the length of the cylindrical cotton stick is 1-5cm.
The preparation method of the seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a honeycomb fabric: firstly, inputting a fabric structural design drawing into a control panel of a loom; secondly, arranging warp yarns on a loom and sequentially drafting and reed-threading the finished warp yarns according to the technological requirements; thirdly, the weft yarns penetrate into the warp yarns according to the technological requirements and begin to carry out the weaving process;
(2) Preparation of Oxidation resistant MXene solutions
MAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Adding the powder into a mixed solution of HCl and LiF, stirring at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker for reaction, and centrifuging the reaction solution with deionized water for a plurality of times until the pH value of the supernatant is close to neutral; dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment, and centrifuging again to obtain supernatant, namely MXene solution; adding a certain amount of antioxidant into the MXene solution, and fully stirring and dissolving to obtain an MXene solution with oxidation resistance; the weight ratio of antioxidant to MXene is 0.1:1 to 1:1;
(3) Hydrophilic modification and surface cation treatment of honeycomb fabrics
Pretreating the honeycomb fabric by using sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate aqueous solution, removing oil stains and impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning the fabric by using distilled water and drying the fabric; then further treating the honeycomb fabric by using surface plasma equipment to further increase active groups on the surface of the fabric; dissolving Dopamine (DA) and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) in Tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, soaking the fabric subjected to surface plasma treatment, repeatedly cleaning Polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric by deionized water, and drying to obtain a hydrophilic fabric with the surface modified by PDA/PEI and the cationic property;
(4) Preparation of MXene modified honeycomb fabrics
Depositing the MXene nano sheet on the surface of the fabric finally obtained in the step (2) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the MXene modified honeycomb fabric;
(5) The MXene modified honeycomb fabric is tightly attached to the upper part of polystyrene heat insulation foam, a hole with the same diameter as that of a water guide piece is drilled in the middle of polystyrene, the water guide piece penetrates through the middle of polystyrene foam, the bottom of the water guide piece is inserted into water, the upper part of the water guide piece is flush with the upper surface of the polystyrene foam, and the water guide piece is positioned on the lower surface of the central position of the honeycomb fabric.
According to the preparation method of the seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric, in the step (2), the particle size of MAX is 200-600 meshes, the temperature is 25-45 ℃, the reaction time is 12-30h, the centrifugal speed is 1500-8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene solution is 0.5-10mg/mL.
According to the preparation method of the seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric, in the step (3), the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 5-20g/L, the concentration of sodium carbonate is 3-10g/L, the surface plasma treatment power is 300-1000W, the treatment time is 0.5-5min, the weight ratio of DA and PEI is 2:1-1:2, and the concentration of each component is 0.5-3mg/mL.
According to the preparation method of the seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric, yarns of the honeycomb fabric in the step (3) are pure yarns or blended yarns of cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, polyester, chinlon, vinylon, acrylon and the like, the linear density of the yarns is 18-30tex, and the transverse size of nest holes of the honeycomb fabric is 1-5mm.
According to the preparation method of the seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric, the yarns of the honeycomb fabric are yarns with cotton content of more than 50%.
In the preparation method of the seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric, the electrostatic assembly method in the step (4) is a coating method, a suction filtration method, an impregnation method and a spraying method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20wt% of the original weight of the fabric.
The seawater desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that the honeycomb fabric with the millimeter-level honeycomb hole wall structure is combined with the novel photo-thermal conversion material MXene, and a seawater desalination device capable of realizing salt collection is designed. The honeycomb fabric has a concave honeycomb array structure, a rough fiber surface and high porosity, so that the maximum multiple scattering is created for incident light, and the capture and absorption of wide-spectrum sunlight in the honeycomb are realized. The surface area of the honeycomb fabric is 2.05 times of that of the plain weave fabric, so that the sunlight absorptivity is effectively improved. Under the irradiation of 1 sunlight, the surface temperature of the dried MXene modified honeycomb fabric can reach 86 ℃. The combination of the MXene modified honeycomb fabric with the low thermal conductivity and the polystyrene foam with small holes can obstruct the direct contact between the solar absorber and a large amount of water body, and form an effective heat concentration structure, thereby reducingThe loss of heat conduction and heat convection is reduced, and excellent heat management performance is realized. The one-dimensional water guide piece is constructed in the center of the evaporator, and water is transmitted to the surface of the fabric by utilizing the strong capillary pumping effect of the water guide piece, so that the problem of energy loss caused by direct contact between the light-heat conversion layer and the water is solved, and meanwhile, the water in the fabric is diffused to the periphery from the middle water guide position by the one-dimensional water guide channel. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the temperature of the surface of the fabric is increased, so that the moisture is evaporated into the atmosphere, and the cotton swab water guide continuously supplies water upwards. Since the evaporation rate of water is lower than the transport rate, during evaporation the salt concentration at the fabric edge is higher than at the center, thus creating a radial distribution gradient of salt concentration increasing from the center to the edge of the fabric, the salt crystallizes only at the fabric evaporator edge, but not at the evaporator surface, thus preventing the vapor channels at the fabric surface from being blocked by salt, while achieving efficient collection of salt. Under the irradiation of 1 sunlight, the water evaporation rate is 1.62kg m -2 h -1 The evaporation efficiency was about 91.6%, showing high efficiency and excellent stability. Even if the salt solution concentration is up to 21%, salt is crystallized at the edges, and complete separation of water/solute and efficient salt collection are achieved. Meanwhile, the MXene composite 3D honeycomb fabric has high flexibility, foldability, mechanical property and excellent shape adaptability and expandability, and can easily meet the outdoor use requirements of portable transportation and storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a honeycomb fabric loaded with MXene before and after use in accordance with the present invention and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image;
FIG. 2 is a test image of wettability of a honeycomb fabric-based photothermal conversion layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of light absorption performance versus test results for a honeycomb fabric of the present invention and a plain weave fabric loaded with MXene before and after loading;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing comparative test results of photo-thermal conversion performance of a honeycomb fabric loaded with MXene and a plain weave fabric according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of a thermal conductivity test of a honeycomb fabric-based photothermal conversion layer of the present invention in a wet and dry state;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the results of a thermal positioning test of the seawater desalination evaporator of the MXene modified honeycomb fabric of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the comparison of evaporation rates and the test results of ion concentration before and after evaporation of the MXene modified honeycomb fabric sea water desalination evaporator of the present invention under different light intensities;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the salt edge deposition of the MXene modified honeycomb fabric desalination evaporator of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of outdoor evaporation performance tests of the MXene modified honeycomb fabric desalination evaporator of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the seawater desalination evaporator of the MXene modified honeycomb fabric of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
The sea water desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric comprises a light-heat conversion layer 1, a heat insulation supporting layer 3 which is arranged below the light-heat conversion layer 1 and is contacted with the light-heat conversion layer 1 and can float on a water surface 2, and further comprises a lower end which penetrates through the center of the heat insulation supporting layer 3 and the top end of the heat insulation supporting layer is tightly attached to the center of the light-heat conversion layer 1, wherein the bottom end of the heat insulation supporting layer is inserted into water and is used for forming a water guide piece 5 of a salt collecting area 4 around the light-heat conversion layer 1 after water is guided to the light-heat conversion layer 1.
The light-heat conversion layer 1 is an MXene modified honeycomb fabric.
The supporting heat insulation layer 3 is made of polystyrene foam and has the thickness of 0.5cm.
The water guide piece 5 is a cylindrical cotton stick formed by cotton fibers, the diameter is 1-5mm, and the length is 1-5cm.
The preparation method of the sea water desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a honeycomb fabric: firstly, inputting a fabric structural design drawing into a control panel of a loom; secondly, arranging warp yarns on a loom and sequentially drafting and reed-threading the finished warp yarns according to the technological requirements; thirdly, the weft yarns penetrate into the warp yarns according to the technological requirements and begin to carry out the weaving process;
(2) Preparation of Oxidation resistant MXene solutions
MAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Adding the powder into a mixed solution of HCl and LiF, stirring at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker for reaction, and centrifuging the reaction solution with deionized water for a plurality of times until the pH value of the supernatant is close to neutral; dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment, and centrifuging again to obtain supernatant, namely MXene solution; adding a certain amount of antioxidant into the MXene solution, and fully stirring and dissolving to obtain an MXene solution with oxidation resistance; the weight ratio of antioxidant to MXene is 0.1:1 to 1:1;
(3) Hydrophilic modification and surface cation treatment of honeycomb fabrics
Pretreating the honeycomb fabric by using sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate aqueous solution, removing oil stains and impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning the fabric by using distilled water and drying the fabric; then further treating the honeycomb fabric by using surface plasma equipment to further increase active groups on the surface of the fabric; dissolving Dopamine (DA) and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) in Tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, soaking the fabric subjected to surface plasma treatment, repeatedly cleaning Polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric by deionized water, and drying to obtain a hydrophilic fabric with the surface modified by PDA/PEI and the cationic property;
(4) Preparation of MXene modified honeycomb fabrics
Depositing the MXene nano sheet on the surface of the fabric finally obtained in the step (2) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the MXene modified honeycomb fabric;
(5) The MXene modified honeycomb fabric is tightly attached to the upper part of polystyrene heat insulation foam, a hole with the same diameter as that of a water guide piece is drilled in the middle of polystyrene, the water guide piece penetrates through the middle of polystyrene foam, the bottom of the water guide piece is inserted into water, the upper part of the water guide piece is flush with the upper surface of the polystyrene foam, and the water guide piece is positioned on the lower surface of the central position of the honeycomb fabric.
The particle size of MAX in the step (2) was 200 mesh, the temperature was 25 ℃, the reaction time was 12h, the centrifugation rate was 1500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene solution was 0.5mg/mL.
The concentration of sodium hydroxide in the step (3) is 5g/L, the concentration of sodium carbonate is 3g/L, the surface plasma treatment power is 300W, the treatment time is 0.5min, the weight ratio of DA to PEI is 2:1 to 1:2, and the concentration of each component is 0.5mg/mL.
The yarns of the honeycomb fabric in the step (3) are pure yarns or blended yarns of cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, terylene, chinlon, vinylon, acrylon and the like, the linear density of the yarns is 18tex, and the transverse size of the nest holes of the honeycomb fabric is 1mm.
The electrostatic assembly method in the step (4) is a coating method, a suction filtration method, an impregnation method and a spraying method, and the content of MXene accounts for 1 weight percent of the original weight of the fabric.
Example 2
The same parts as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated, and the difference is that: the supporting heat insulation layer 3 is made of polystyrene foam and has the thickness of 2cm.
The particle size of MAX in the step (2) is 300 meshes, the temperature is 30 ℃, the reaction time is 18 hours, the centrifugal speed is 3000rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene solution is 5mg/mL.
The concentration of sodium hydroxide in the step (3) is 10g/L, the concentration of sodium carbonate is 8g/L, the surface plasma treatment power is 700W, the treatment time is 3min, the weight ratio of DA to PEI is 2:1 to 1:2, and the concentration of each component is 2mg/mL.
The yarns of the honeycomb fabric in the step (3) are pure yarns or blended yarns of cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, terylene, chinlon, vinylon, acrylon and the like, the linear density of the yarns is 20tex, and the transverse size of the nest holes of the honeycomb fabric is 3mm.
The electrostatic assembly method in the step (4) is a coating method, a suction filtration method, an impregnation method and a spraying method, and the content of MXene accounts for 8 weight percent of the original weight of the fabric.
Example 3
The same parts as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated, and the difference is that: the supporting heat insulation layer 3 is made of polystyrene foam and has a thickness of 3cm.
The particle size of MAX in step (2) was 600 mesh, the temperature was 45 ℃, the reaction time was 30h, the centrifugation speed was 8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene solution was 10mg/mL.
The concentration of sodium hydroxide in the step (3) is 20g/L, the concentration of sodium carbonate is 10g/L, the surface plasma treatment power is 1000W, the treatment time is 5min, the weight ratio of DA to PEI is 2:1 to 1:2, and the concentration of each component is 3mg/mL.
The yarns of the honeycomb fabric in the step (3) are pure yarns or blended yarns of cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, terylene, chinlon, vinylon, acrylon and the like, the linear density of the yarns is 30tex, and the transverse size of the nest holes of the honeycomb fabric is 5mm.
The electrostatic assembly method in the step (4) is a coating method, a suction filtration method, an impregnation method and a spraying method, and the content of MXene accounts for 20 weight percent of the original weight of the fabric.
Example 4
The same parts as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated, and the difference is that:
preparation of MXene modified honeycomb fabric-based light-heat conversion layer
(1) Preparing a honeycomb fabric: first, the fabric structure design is input into the control panel of the loom. Secondly, arranging the warp yarns on a loom and sequentially drafting and reeding the finished warp yarns according to the technological requirements. Thirdly, the weft yarn penetrates into the warp yarn according to the technological requirement and starts the knitting process. The yarn is cotton yarn, and the cotton yarn is yarn with the cotton content of more than 50 percent and 32 counts.
(2) Preparation of high quality MXene solution: taking MAX material, adding into mixed solution of HCl and LiF, and stirring for a certain time at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene flask. Centrifuging the mixed solution for a plurality of times after etching is finished until the PH of the supernatant is close to neutral; the resulting precipitate was then dispersed in deionized water and sonicated, and centrifuged again to take the upper dispersion, i.e., the MXene solution. A certain volume of the solution was filtered on polypropylene filter paper, the weight of the obtained film was measured after vacuum drying, and the concentration of the obtained MXene solution was measured. Wherein, the particle size of MAX is 200-600 meshes, the constant temperature is 40 ℃, stirring is carried out for 20-26 hours, the centrifugation is carried out at 3500rpm for 5min each time, the PH is 6-7 near the center, and the concentration of the obtained MXene solution is 4-6mg/mL.
(3) Hydrophilic modification and surface cation pretreatment of honeycomb fabrics: immersing the honeycomb fabric prepared in the step (1) in Tris buffer solution of Dopamine (DA) and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) for 24 hours, forming a thin layer of Polydopamine (PDA) and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the surface of the fabric, then washing PDA/PEI precipitate on the surface of the fabric with deionized water, and drying to obtain the modified fabric with hydrophilic and cationic surface characteristics. Wherein the PH of the Tris buffer solution is 8.5, the mass fraction is 1mol/L, the concentration of DA and PEI is 2mg/ml respectively, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 2-4h.
(4) Coating MXene nano-sheets on the surface of the pretreated honeycomb fabric: immersing the fabric subjected to cationic modification in the step (3) into the MXene dispersion liquid in the step (2), carrying out oscillation immersion, taking out, and drying in a vacuum oven. Repeating the coating process in this way to obtain the light-heat conversion fabric. Wherein the shock soaking time is 0.5-1h, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 5-8h.
Fig. 1 is a physical image and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of a honeycomb fabric. The MXene nano sheets can be observed to be tightly overlapped with each other before and after the comparison treatment, and form continuous folds to cover the surface of the fiber, so that the increased surface roughness of the fiber and the concave structure of the honeycomb fabric cooperate to improve the light absorption efficiency of the fabric.
Example 5
The same parts as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated, and the difference is that:
preparation and performance of honeycomb fabric-based seawater desalination evaporator
The light-heat conversion layer of the MXene modified honeycomb fabric is placed on the upper part of a polystyrene foam heat insulation device with small holes, the lower part of the heat insulation device is connected with water by cotton fiber rods, and the ratio of the cross sectional area of the cotton fiber rods to the cross sectional area of the heat insulation device is 1:30-1:40, forming a solar-driven MXene modified honeycomb fabric-based photo-thermal conversion evaporator,
wettability test
Contact angle test in air against water: the prepared MXene-modified honeycomb fabric was horizontally placed on a contact angle measuring instrument, and 5 μl of water was taken for measurement. The contact angle test and the wetting process test of the MXene modified honeycomb fabric-based photothermal conversion material prepared above on water are shown in FIG. 2. The evaporator is super-hydrophilic to water, and the whole infiltration process of water drops on the surface of the evaporator is only 7 seconds.
Light absorption Performance test
The MXene modified honeycomb fabric-based photothermal conversion material is cut into a size of 2cm x 2cm, and the light absorption performance with the wavelength ranging from 280 nm to 2500nm is tested by using a UV-vis-NIR ultraviolet spectrometer. The test results are shown in FIG. 3. The MXene-modified honeycomb fabric (M-h-fabric) in wet state exhibits the lowest transmittance (. Apprxeq.0%) and reflectance (. Apprxeq.4%), the absorbance is close to 96%, and exhibits excellent light absorbency.
Photo-thermal conversion performance test:
the MXene modified honeycomb fabric-based photothermal conversion material is cut into a size of 2cm x 2cm, an illumination experiment is carried out by using a simulated solar light source, and the temperature change of the evaporation surface is monitored in real time by using a thermal infrared imager. The test results are shown in FIG. 4, in which the MXene-modified honeycomb fabric has excellent light-heat conversion performance at a steady state temperature of up to 86 ℃.
Thermal conductivity testing
The MXene modified honeycomb fabric-based photothermal conversion material was cut to a size of 3cm x 3cm, measured by sandwiching the MXene modified honeycomb fabric between two 1 millimeter thick glass slides, forming a "sandwich" structure. The "sandwich" was placed between a heat source (heating station) and a cold source (ice water bath) and the temperature distribution along the cross section of the sandwich was monitored using a thermal infrared imager. The test results are shown in fig. 5: calculated to have a thermal conductivity of 0.0423 and W m in the dry state -1 K -1 Its heat conductivity coefficient in wet state is 0.429 and 0.429W m -1 K -1 。
Thermal positioning performance test
And placing the evaporator integrated by the MXene modified 3D honeycomb fabric-based photothermal conversion material, the polystyrene foam heat insulator and the cotton fiber water guide piece in a beaker, simulating a solar light source by using a xenon lamp for carrying out illumination experiments, and monitoring the temperature change of the evaporation surface in real time by using a thermal infrared imager. The test results are shown in fig. 6: when 1 solar incident light was irradiated to the surface of the honeycomb fabric floating on the water, it can be seen from the side temperature distribution in the thickness direction that the temperature of the top surface was increased from 23 ℃ to 41 ℃, in comparison with the bulk water, which was increased by only 0.3 ℃ in 30 minutes.
Evaporation performance test
The method comprises the steps of placing a steam generator integrated by an MXene modified honeycomb fabric-based light-heat conversion material, a polystyrene foam heat insulator and a cotton fiber water guide piece in a beaker filled with seawater, carrying out illumination experiments by using a simulated solar light source, and monitoring the evaporation mass change of a water body in real time by using an electronic balance. As shown in FIG. 7, the solar light intensity was increased from 1 to 10 sunlight, and the evaporation rates under 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 sun were 1.62,2.78, 4.01, 5.47, 6.21, 9.67, 11.99kg m, respectively -2 h -1 . Detection of ion concentration before and after evaporation shows that the ion concentration after evaporation is far lower than World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water standards.
Salt collection evaporation performance test:
the steam generator integrated with the MXene modified honeycomb fabric-based photothermal conversion material, the polystyrene foam heat insulator and the cotton fiber water guide member is placed in a beaker filled with salt water, an illumination experiment is carried out by using a simulated solar light source, after the salt concentration of the solution is 21 percent and 1 solar light is irradiated for 15 hours, as shown in figure 8, white salt crystals are accumulated on the edge of the fabric to form obvious salt rings. The salt particles can be separated from the evaporator by only lightly beating, which means that the water and the solute can be completely separated in the purification process of the high-concentration brine.
Outdoor evaporation performance test
In natural sunlight, outdoor water evaporation experiments were performed using a homemade evaporator. A pitched roof model house (30 mm x 20 mm) was made from transparent acrylic panels to effect evaporation and collection of water. The test results are shown in FIG. 9, in which the water evaporation rate of the evaporator is significantly proportional to the solar flux, and the maximum water evaporation rate increases when the solar irradiation intensity reaches the peak value0.99kg m -2 h -1 . From 8:00 to 17:00, our evaporator produces steam up to 6.9kg m -2 Is sufficient for the daily drinking water consumption of three people.
Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, as variations, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The sea water desalination evaporator based on the MXene modified honeycomb fabric is characterized by comprising a photo-thermal conversion layer, a heat insulation supporting layer which is arranged below the photo-thermal conversion layer and is contacted with the photo-thermal conversion layer and can float on the water surface, and a water guide piece which penetrates through the center of the heat insulation supporting layer and the top end of the heat insulation supporting layer is tightly attached to the center of the photo-thermal conversion layer, wherein the bottom end of the water guide piece is inserted into water and is used for forming a salt collecting area around the photo-thermal conversion layer after the water is guided to the photo-thermal conversion layer, the photo-thermal conversion layer is the MXene modified honeycomb fabric, the honeycomb fabric is a hydrophilic fabric with a polydopamine/polyethyleneimine modified surface in a cationic characteristic, and MXene nano sheets are tightly overlapped with each other and form continuous folds to be coated on the surface of the hydrophilic fabric;
the water guide piece is a cylindrical cotton stick formed by cotton fibers, the diameter is 1-5mm, the length is 1-5cm, and the ratio of the cross section area of the cotton stick to the cross section area of the heat insulation supporting layer is 1:30-1: 40;
the transverse dimension of the nest holes of the honeycomb fabric is 1-5mm, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20wt% of the original weight of the fabric.
2. The seawater desalination evaporator based on an MXene modified cellular fabric of claim 1, wherein the insulating support layer is polystyrene foam with a thickness of 0.5-3cm.
3. A method for preparing a seawater desalination evaporator based on an MXene modified honeycomb fabric as defined in any one of claims 1-2, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a honeycomb fabric: firstly, inputting a fabric structural design drawing into a control panel of a loom; secondly, arranging warp yarns on a loom and sequentially drafting and reed-threading the finished warp yarns according to the technological requirements; thirdly, the weft yarns penetrate into the warp yarns according to the technological requirements and begin to carry out the weaving process;
(2) Preparation of Oxidation resistant MXene solutions
MAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Adding the powder into a mixed solution of HCl and LiF, stirring at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker for reaction, and centrifuging the reaction solution with deionized water for a plurality of times until the pH value of the supernatant is close to neutral; dispersing and ultrasonic treating the precipitate in deionized water, centrifuging again to obtain supernatant, namely MXene solution, adding a certain amount of antioxidant into the MXene solution, and stirring thoroughly to dissolve to obtain MXene solution with oxidation resistance; the weight ratio of antioxidant to MXene is 0.1:1 to 1:1; the particle size of MAX is 200-600 meshes, the reaction temperature is 25-45 ℃, the reaction time is 12-30h, the centrifugal speed is 1500-8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene solution is 0.5-10 mg/mL;
(3) Hydrophilic modification and surface cation treatment of honeycomb fabrics
Pretreating the honeycomb fabric by using sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate aqueous solution, removing oil stains and impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning the fabric by using distilled water and drying the fabric; then further treating the honeycomb fabric by using surface plasma equipment to further increase active groups on the surface of the fabric; dissolving Dopamine (DA) and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) in Tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, soaking the fabric subjected to surface plasma treatment, repeatedly cleaning Polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric by deionized water, and drying to obtain a hydrophilic fabric with the surface modified by PDA/PEI and the cationic property; the yarns of the honeycomb fabric are pure yarns or blended yarns of cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, terylene, chinlon, vinylon and/or acrylon, the linear density of the yarns is 18-30tex, and the transverse size of the nest holes of the honeycomb fabric is 1-5 mm;
(4) Preparation of MXene modified honeycomb fabrics
Depositing the MXene nano sheet on the surface of the fabric finally obtained in the step (2) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the MXene modified honeycomb fabric; the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method, a suction filtration method, an impregnation method or a spraying method, and the content of MXene accounts for 1-20wt% of the original weight of the fabric;
(5) The MXene modified honeycomb fabric is tightly attached to the upper part of polystyrene heat insulation foam, a hole with the same diameter as that of a water guide piece is drilled in the middle of polystyrene, the water guide piece penetrates through the middle of polystyrene foam, the bottom of the water guide piece is inserted into water, the upper part of the water guide piece is flush with the upper surface of the polystyrene foam, and the water guide piece is positioned on the lower surface of the central position of the honeycomb fabric.
4. The method for preparing a seawater desalination evaporator based on an MXene modified honeycomb fabric according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the step (3) is 5-20g/L, the concentration of sodium carbonate is 3-10g/L, the surface plasma treatment power is 300-1000W, the treatment time is 0.5-5min, the weight ratio of da to PEI is 2:1 to 1:2, and the concentration of each component is 0.5-3mg/mL.
5. The method for preparing a seawater desalination evaporator based on an MXene modified honeycomb fabric as set forth in claim 4, wherein the yarns of the honeycomb fabric are yarns with cotton content of more than 50%.
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