CN111003742A - Seawater desalination system for solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat gradient utilization - Google Patents
Seawater desalination system for solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat gradient utilization Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F22—STEAM GENERATION
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seawater desalination system for solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat gradient utilization, which belongs to the field of renewable energy utilization; the system mainly comprises a high-light-transmission glass cover plate, a solar photovoltaic cell, heat-conducting silica gel, a heat-conducting aluminum plate, a seawater flow channel, an electric heating layer, a hydrophobic film layer, a condensed water flow channel, a heat-insulating layer, a seawater storage tank, a condensed water collection tank, a scouring tank and a high-efficiency finned radiator; is composed of a plurality of layers of seawater desalination devices; the desalting device is characterized in that a high-light-transmission glass cover plate, a solar photovoltaic cell, heat-conducting silica gel, a heat-conducting aluminum plate, an electric heating layer, a hydrophobic film layer, a seawater flow channel, a seawater storage tank and a condensed water collection tank are sequentially arranged in the heat-insulating layer from top to bottom. The invention utilizes the waste heat and electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic cell to generate electricity, and utilizes the energy in situ or in a cascade manner to participate in the seawater desalination, thereby realizing the maximum utilization of solar energy and greatly improving the evaporation efficiency and seawater desalination capability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of renewable energy sources, particularly relates to a seawater desalination system for solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat step utilization, and particularly relates to a multi-stage evaporation heat-permeable membrane seawater desalination system for full-solar-driven photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat step utilization.
Background
The water and energy are inseparable, and along with social development, water safety becomes one of important factors influencing energy safety. On one hand, the energy industry is used as a large household of industrial water in China, the water consumption accounts for more than 40%, and the importance of water resources to the energy industry is self-evident; on the other hand, the existing clean water treatment technology, especially the traditional seawater desalination technology, has high energy consumption, and the concentrated wastewater is discharged to seriously pollute the environment. At present, technologies applied in large-scale production in the field of seawater desalination mainly comprise a multistage flash evaporation technology, a reverse osmosis membrane technology and the like, the technologies are developed more mature, the actual application effect is better, and the problems of higher cost and serious energy consumption exist.
Solar energy has become one of the important choices for dealing with the problems of energy shortage, environmental pollution and the like as a renewable clean energy source. The solar energy is applied to seawater desalination, and is an effective measure for solving the water resource shortage and energy crisis. At present, the conventional solar seawater desalination technology mainly comprises: solar multi-effect distillation, solar multi-stage flash evaporation, solar reverse osmosis, solar dialysis, and the like. Although the method has certain advantages compared with the traditional seawater desalination technology, the method also has the problems that the latent heat of condensation cannot be effectively utilized in the distillation process, the heat transfer efficiency is low, the energy consumption is high, the initial investment cost is high and the like. In order to solve the above problems, solar thermal Photovoltaic (PVT) membrane distillation integrated seawater desalination technology, multistage passive solar photothermal membrane distillation technology, and other new seawater desalination technologies are gradually attracting attention. The PVT membrane distillation integrated seawater desalination utilizes solar thermal photovoltaic technology to generate electricity, utilizes seawater to cool a solar cell panel to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell panel, then seawater with increased temperature is evaporated in a dilatation evaporator to generate steam, and then the steam is condensed in a membrane component to generate fresh water. The technology not only improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, but also improves the efficiency of seawater evaporation to a certain extent, but the produced electric energy needs to be output to an external network or needs battery storage equipment, so the system is more complex and the cost is relatively higher. The multistage passive solar photo-thermal membrane distillation technology is based on the photo-thermal membrane distillation technology, latent heat released by condensation of upper-layer steam is used for heating seawater to generate steam, transmembrane transport of the steam is realized under the action of steam pressure difference, and multistage overlapping utilization of the latent heat of the steam is realized, so that the evaporation efficiency and seawater desalination performance of the system are improved. However, as the heat energy is low-grade energy, the entropy of the energy transfer process is increased, and the efficiency is gradually reduced, the temperature difference between two sides of the bottom layer film is small, the driving force is insufficient, the evaporation efficiency is low, and the performance of the whole system is improved more limitedly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seawater desalination system for gradient utilization of solar photovoltaic waste heat and joule heat, which mainly comprises a high-light-transmittance glass cover plate, a solar photovoltaic cell, heat-conducting silica gel, a heat-conducting aluminum plate, a seawater flow channel, an electric heating layer, a hydrophobic film layer, a condensed water flow channel, a heat-insulating layer, a seawater storage tank, a condensed water collection tank, a scouring tank and a high-efficiency finned radiator, and is characterized by comprising a plurality of layers of seawater desalination devices; the main structure is that a high-light-transmission glass cover plate 1, a solar photovoltaic cell 2, heat-conducting silica gel 3, a heat-conducting aluminum plate 4, an electric heating layer 6, a hydrophobic membrane layer 7 and a steam condensation output layer 13 are sequentially arranged in a heat insulation layer 10 from top to bottom; the ammeter 5 is connected between the solar photovoltaic cell 2 and the electric heating layer 6; the seawater flow channel 8 passes through the space between the heat-conducting aluminum plate 4 and the electric heating layer 6 and is respectively connected with a seawater storage tank 11 and a condensed water collection tank 12; forming a first layer of seawater desalination device; from the second layer, the electric heating layer 6 is a carbon nano tube polymer composite film synthesized on the surface of the hydrophobic film layer 7 by utilizing carbon nano tubes and polyvinyl alcohol, is connected with the solar photovoltaic cell 2 through electrodes 9 on two sides, converts electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell into heat energy, and heats seawater near the surface of the composite film into steam; the steam condensation output layers 13 below the hydrophobic membrane layers 7 are converged and then communicated with the flushing tank 14; and a high-efficiency finned radiator 15 is arranged below the N-th hydrophobic film layer 7.
The solar seawater desalination system has the working process that: in the daytime, when sunlight is sufficient, one part of the sunlight-transparent high-transparency glass cover plate 1 is directly converted into electric energy by the solar photovoltaic cell 2, most of the rest is converted into waste heat, the waste heat is transferred to the seawater flow channel 8 through the heat-conducting silica gel 3 and the heat-conducting aluminum plate 4, the seawater input from the seawater storage tank 11 is heated to generate steam, meanwhile, a temperature difference is formed on two sides of the hydrophobic membrane layer 7, under the action of steam pressure difference caused by the temperature difference, the steam is transmitted to the condensed water flow channel 13 through the hydrophobic membrane layer 7, is condensed into water and releases latent heat, and the condensed water flows into the condensed water collection tank 12; the condensed water is the desalted water; and the heat carried by the steam and the latent heat released by condensation continue to heat the next layer of cold seawater through the heat-conducting aluminum plate 4, meanwhile, from the second layer, the electric heating layer 6 is connected with the solar photovoltaic cell 2 through the electrode 9, and converts the electric energy generated by the electric heating layer into heat energy to heat the seawater, under the combined action of the seawater and the condensed water, the seawater is evaporated to generate steam, transmembrane transport is realized under the action of transmembrane steam pressure difference, the steam enters a condensed water flow channel 13, is condensed into water and releases latent heat, the condensed water flows into a condensed water collecting tank 12, the heat carried by the steam and the latent heat released by condensation are continuously transferred to the next layer to heat the seawater together with the joule heat generated by the photovoltaic driving electric heating layer, by analogy, until the Nth layer, the solar photovoltaic waste heat-Joule heat gradient utilization seawater desalination is realized, the evaporation efficiency of the system is improved, and the whole seawater desalination capacity of the system is enhanced;
at night, when sunlight does not exist, seawater is injected into the scouring tank 14, under the combined action of water head pressure, gravity and salt difference, the seawater in the scouring tank 14 reversely scours the seawater flow channel 8 through the hydrophilic channel, salts blocked in the seawater flow channel are removed through a concentration diffusion effect, the function of capillary pumping fluid of the hydrophilic layer is recovered, and then the efficient continuous operation of the seawater desalination system is ensured.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
1. the waste heat and electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic cell are utilized, and the energy is utilized in situ or in a cascade manner to participate in seawater desalination, so that the solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the evaporation efficiency and seawater desalination capability of the system are greatly improved;
2. the waste heat generated by the solar photovoltaic cell, the heat carried by the steam and the latent heat released by condensation are utilized, so that the gradient recycling of the heat is realized, and meanwhile, the working temperature of the solar photovoltaic cell is reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar photovoltaic cell is improved; the integral seawater desalination capacity of the system is enhanced;
3. the electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic cell is utilized to heat the seawater at the lower layer, so that the problem of low bottom layer evaporation efficiency caused by the layer-by-layer transmission of heat energy is solved;
4. the seawater channel is connected with the flushing tank, and the salt deposited in the seawater channel is taken away by flushing the seawater stored in the flushing tank at night, so that the system can efficiently and sustainably desalt the seawater;
5. the invention has lower cost and is environment-friendly, can be used in the fields of seawater desalination, sewage treatment and the like, and provides a new idea and solution for the improvement of the capacity of the traditional water treatment technology and the engineering application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solar desalination system for desalinating seawater in daytime.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the layer 1 of the solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat cascade utilization system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the nth (n is more than or equal to 2) layer of the solar photovoltaic waste heat-Joule heat cascade utilization system.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of desalination of a solar seawater desalination system at night.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a seawater desalination system for solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat gradient utilization, which mainly comprises a high-light-transmittance glass cover plate, a solar photovoltaic cell, heat-conducting silica gel, a heat-conducting aluminum plate, a seawater flow channel, an electric heating layer, a hydrophobic film layer, a condensed water flow channel, a heat-insulating layer, a seawater storage tank, a condensed water collection tank, a scouring tank and a high-efficiency finned radiator. The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solar seawater desalination system for desalinating seawater in daytime. The system shown in the figure comprises a multi-layer seawater desalination plant; the main structure is that a high-light-transmission glass cover plate 1, a solar photovoltaic cell 2, heat-conducting silica gel 3, a heat-conducting aluminum plate 4, an electric heating layer 6, a hydrophobic membrane layer 7 and a steam condensation output layer 13 are sequentially arranged in a heat insulation layer 10 from top to bottom; the ammeter 5 is connected between the solar photovoltaic cell 2 and the electric heating layer 6; the seawater flow channel 8 passes through the space between the heat-conducting aluminum plate 4 and the electric heating layer 6 and is respectively connected with a seawater storage tank 11 and a condensed water collection tank 12; forming a first layer of seawater desalination device; from the second layer, the electric heating layer 6 is a carbon nano tube polymer composite film synthesized on the surface of the hydrophobic film layer 7 by utilizing carbon nano tubes and polyvinyl alcohol, is connected with the solar photovoltaic cell 2 through electrodes 9 on two sides, converts electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell into heat energy, and heats seawater near the surface of the composite film into steam; the steam condensation output layers 13 below the hydrophobic membrane layers 7 are converged and then communicated with the flushing tank 14; and a high-efficiency finned radiator 15 is arranged below the N-th hydrophobic film layer 7. The main material of the thermal insulation layer 10 may be polystyrene foam, thermal insulation cotton, etc., and the thermal insulation layer mainly functions to reduce heat dissipation of the system to the surrounding environment and improve the waste heat utilization rate of the system. The ammeter 5 is used for observing and recording the current generated by the photovoltaic cell, calculating the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, and providing reference for further optimization of the system. The efficient fin radiator 15 is used for enhancing the heat dissipation capacity of the bottom layer, increasing the transmembrane pressure difference caused by the temperature difference of two sides of the bottom layer hydrophobic film layer 7, improving the transmembrane transport capacity of steam and condensing the bottom layer hydrophilic condensation layer.
The solar seawater desalination system has the working process that: in the daytime, when sunlight is sufficient, one part of the sunlight-transparent high-transparency glass cover plate 1 is directly converted into electric energy by the solar photovoltaic cell 2, most of the rest is converted into waste heat, the waste heat is transferred to the seawater flow channel 8 through the heat-conducting silica gel 3 and the heat-conducting aluminum plate 4, the seawater input from the seawater storage tank 11 is heated to generate steam, meanwhile, a temperature difference is formed on two sides of the hydrophobic membrane layer 7, under the action of steam pressure difference caused by the temperature difference, the steam is transmitted to the condensed water flow channel 13 through the hydrophobic membrane layer 7, is condensed into water and releases latent heat, and the condensed water flows into the condensed water collection tank 12; the condensed water is the desalted water; and the heat carried by the steam and the latent heat released by condensation continue to heat the next layer of cold seawater through the heat-conducting aluminum plate 4, meanwhile, from the second layer, the electric heating layer 6 is connected with the solar photovoltaic cell 2 through the electrode 9, and converts the electric energy generated by the electric heating layer into heat energy to heat the seawater, under the combined action of the seawater and the condensed water, the seawater is evaporated to generate steam, transmembrane transport is realized under the action of transmembrane steam pressure difference, the steam enters a condensed water flow channel 13, is condensed into water and releases latent heat, the condensed water flows into a condensed water collecting tank 12, the heat carried by the steam and the latent heat released by condensation are continuously transferred to the next layer to heat the seawater together with the joule heat generated by the photovoltaic driving electric heating layer, by analogy, until the Nth layer, the solar photovoltaic waste heat-Joule heat gradient utilization seawater desalination is realized, the evaporation efficiency of the system is improved, and the whole seawater desalination capacity of the system is enhanced;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of desalination of a solar seawater desalination system at night, as shown in the figure, a scouring tank 14 is connected with seawater flow channels 8 of all layers in the system through hydrophilic fiber membranes, when the night comes and no sunlight exists, seawater is injected into the scouring tank 14 (an empty tank in the daytime), under the combined action of factors such as water head pressure, gravity and salt difference, the seawater in the scouring tank 14 enters the seawater flow channels 8 to be scoured reversely, and through a concentration diffusion effect, salt deposited in the seawater flow channels is taken away and flows into a seawater storage tank 11, so that the influence of salt deposition on the evaporation efficiency of the system is greatly reduced, the function of capillary pumping fluid of a hydrophilic layer is recovered, and the efficient and continuous operation of the seawater desalination system is ensured; the system can efficiently and sustainably desalt the seawater.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the layer 1 of the solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat cascade utilization system, and as shown in the figure, the structure sequentially comprises a high-transmittance glass cover plate 1, a solar photovoltaic cell 2, heat-conducting silica gel 3, a heat-conducting aluminum plate 4, a seawater flow channel 8, an electric heating layer 6, a hydrophobic membrane layer 7 and a condensed water flow channel 13 from top to bottom. The solar photovoltaic cell 2 can be made of monocrystalline silicon cells, polycrystalline silicon cells and other materials, the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of a laboratory can reach 24.7% and 18% respectively, and although the efficiency is lower, compared with monocrystalline silicon, the cost of the polycrystalline silicon cells is lower; the seawater channel 8 adopts a hydrophilic fiber membrane structure, the specific material can adopt mixed cellulose ester, polyacrylonitrile, cotton fabric and the like, and the seawater is conveyed from the water storage tank to the system by utilizing capillary force for seawater desalination; the hydrophobic membrane layer 7 can be a polytetrafluoroethylene porous membrane or a polymethyl methacrylate membrane, or is obtained by performing hydrophobic modification on a fiber membrane by utilizing 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane, and has the main functions of realizing separation of steam and seawater and enabling the steam to finish transmembrane transport under the action of transmembrane steam pressure difference. Sunlight penetrates through the high-light-transmission glass cover plate 1, one part of the sunlight is directly converted into electric energy by the solar photovoltaic cell 2, and most of the rest sunlight is converted into heat energy; the generated electric energy acts on the electric heating layers of the lower layers, so that the evaporation efficiency is improved; the generated heat acts on the 1 st layer of the system through the heat-conducting silica gel 3 and the heat-conducting aluminum plate 4 to heat seawater to generate steam, and the steam enters the condensed water flow channel 13 through the hydrophobic film layer 7 under the action of transmembrane pressure difference formed by temperature difference, condenses into water and releases latent heat.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the nth (n is greater than or equal to 2) layer of the solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat cascade utilization system, and as shown in the figure, the structure mainly comprises a heat conduction aluminum plate 4, an electric heating layer 6, a hydrophobic membrane layer 7, a seawater flow channel 8, an electrode 9 and a condensed water flow channel 13. The electric heating layer 6 is a carbon nano tube polymer composite film synthesized on the surface of the hydrophobic film layer 7 by utilizing carbon nano tubes and polyvinyl alcohol, is connected with the solar photovoltaic cell 2 through electrodes 9 on two sides, converts electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell into heat energy to heat seawater near the surface and convert the seawater into steam, improves the seawater evaporation efficiency of each layer below, increases the steam pressure difference on two sides of the hydrophobic film layer 7, and enhances the transmembrane transport capacity of the steam; the condensed water flow channel 13 is also of a hydrophilic fiber membrane structure, specific materials can be mixed cellulose ester, polyacrylonitrile, cotton fabric and the like, and steam permeates through the hydrophobic membrane layer to be condensed into water in the condensed water flow channel 13 and flows into the condensed water collection tank. The heat that steam carried and the latent heat that releases condenses in the solar photovoltaic-waste heat cascade utilization system upper strata condensate water runner 13, continue to heat the sea water through leading-in one deck below of heat conduction aluminum plate 4 and produce steam, electric heating layer 6 turns into near sea water of heat energy heating of photovoltaic cell production simultaneously and produces steam, under the combined action of the two, make evaporation efficiency improve greatly, the steam that produces is under the effect of transmembrane steam pressure difference, see through hydrophobic rete 7 and get into condensate water runner 13 in and condense into water, flow into the condensate water subsequently and collect the jar, the heat that steam carried and the latent heat that releases continue to heat lower floor's sea water, realize the cascade high-efficient utilization of waste heat.
Claims (4)
1. A seawater desalination system utilizing solar photovoltaic waste heat and Joule heat in a gradient manner mainly comprises a high-light-transmittance glass cover plate, a solar photovoltaic cell, heat-conducting silica gel, a heat-conducting aluminum plate, a seawater flow channel, an electric heating layer, a hydrophobic film layer, a condensed water flow channel, a heat-insulating layer, a seawater storage tank, a condensed water collection tank, a scouring tank and a high-efficiency finned radiator, and is characterized by comprising a multilayer seawater desalination device; the main structure is that a high-light-transmission glass cover plate (1), a solar photovoltaic cell (2), heat-conducting silica gel (3), a heat-conducting aluminum plate (4), an electric heating layer (6), a hydrophobic film layer (7) and a steam condensation output layer (13) are sequentially arranged in a heat insulation layer (10) from top to bottom; the ammeter (5) is connected between the solar photovoltaic cell (2) and the electric heating layer (6); the seawater flow channel (8) penetrates through the space between the heat-conducting aluminum plate (4) and the electric heating layer (6) and is respectively connected with a seawater storage tank (11) and a condensed water collection tank (12); forming a first layer of seawater desalination device; from the second layer, the electric heating layer (6) is a carbon nano tube polymer composite film synthesized on the surface of the hydrophobic film layer (7) by utilizing carbon nano tubes and polyvinyl alcohol, is connected with the solar photovoltaic cell (2) through electrodes (9) on two sides, converts electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell into heat energy, and heats seawater near the surface of the composite film into steam; the steam condensation output layers (13) below the hydrophobic membrane layers (7) are converged and then communicated with the flushing tank (14); the efficient finned radiator (15) is arranged below the N-th hydrophobic film layer (7).
2. The seawater desalination system for solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat cascade utilization according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating layer is made of polystyrene foam or heat insulating cotton; the main function is to reduce the heat dissipation of the system to the surrounding environment and improve the waste heat utilization rate of the system.
3. The seawater desalination system using solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat in a cascade manner according to claim 1, wherein the high-efficiency finned radiator is used for enhancing the heat dissipation capacity of the bottom layer, increasing the transmembrane pressure difference caused by the temperature difference between two sides of the bottom layer hydrophobic film layer 7, improving the transmembrane transport capacity of steam, and condensing the bottom layer hydrophilic condensation layer.
4. The seawater desalination method of the seawater desalination system using solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat in a cascade manner according to claim 1, wherein the seawater desalination process of the solar seawater desalination system comprises:
when sunlight is sufficient in the daytime, one part of the sunlight-transparent high-light-transmittance glass cover plate (1) is directly converted into electric energy by the solar photovoltaic cell (2), most of the rest is converted into waste heat, the waste heat is transmitted to the seawater flow channel (8) through the heat-conducting silica gel (3) and the heat-conducting aluminum plate (4), seawater input from the seawater storage tank (11) is heated to generate steam, meanwhile, temperature difference is formed on two sides of the hydrophobic film layer (7), under the action of steam pressure difference caused by the temperature difference, the steam is transmitted to the condensed water flow channel (13) through the hydrophobic film layer (7), is condensed into water and releases latent heat, and the condensed water flows into the condensed water collecting tank (12); the condensed water is the desalted water; the heat carried by the steam and the latent heat released by condensation continue to heat the next layer of cold seawater through the heat-conducting aluminum plate (4), meanwhile, from the second layer, the electric heating layer (6) is connected with the solar photovoltaic cell (2) through the electrode (9) and converts the electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic cell into heat energy to heat the seawater, under the combined action of the two, the seawater is evaporated to generate steam, transmembrane transport is realized under the action of transmembrane steam pressure difference, the steam enters the condensed water flow channel (13) and is condensed into water and releases latent heat, the condensed water flows into the condensed water collecting tank (12), the heat carried by the steam and the latent heat released by condensation continue to be transferred to the next layer to heat the seawater together with the joule heat generated by the photovoltaic driving electric heating layer, and so on until the Nth layer, the solar photovoltaic waste heat-joule heat cascade utilization of the seawater is realized, and the evaporation efficiency of the system is improved, the integral seawater desalination capacity of the system is enhanced;
when no sunshine is available at night, seawater is injected into the scouring tank (14), under the combined action of water head pressure, gravity and salt difference, the seawater in the scouring tank (14) reversely scours the seawater channel (8) through the hydrophilic channel, salts blocked in the seawater channel are removed through concentration diffusion effect, the function of capillary pumping fluid of the hydrophilic layer is recovered, and then the efficient continuous operation of the seawater desalination system is ensured.
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