CN114524479B - Solar drive interface evaporator based on heat transfer strengthening - Google Patents
Solar drive interface evaporator based on heat transfer strengthening Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar-driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement, which solves the problems of low applicable light intensity, low applicable saline water concentration and easy salt precipitation of the conventional evaporator. The s-shaped heat conduction structure can transfer part of heat obtained by the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer to the n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competitive secondary evaporation layer, so that double-layer evaporation is realized, meanwhile, salt precipitation can be inhibited by virtue of convection and diffusion effects, and finally, the effect of stably desalting seawater at high speed under high light intensity and high salt concentration is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar seawater desalination, and particularly relates to a solar-driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement.
Background
With the increase of population and the aggravation of resource and environment problems, the problem of water resource shortage is increasingly obvious. Desalination of sea water as a technology for increasing the open source of fresh water resources is a key measure for alleviating water consumption. The current common seawater desalination technologies comprise a reverse osmosis membrane method, a multi-stage flash evaporation method, an electrodialysis method and the like. Although the method is mature and the water supply is concentrated, the method needs more high-grade energy input and depends on mature industry, and the method is difficult to implement in weak-based areas. The solar seawater desalination technology only needs solar energy input and is suitable for producing fresh water in various areas, so that more and more attention is paid. However, the traditional solar seawater desalination technology has low efficiency at present, and the application range of the traditional solar seawater desalination technology is limited.
In recent years, the seawater desalination technology based on solar driven interface evaporation has been rapidly developed due to the potential of ultrahigh evaporation efficiency, simple structure, easy carrying, large-scale and low-price production. The method not only can realize the large-scale production of the fresh water in the water plant, but also is suitable for producing the fresh water in remote areas, islands, ships and other scenes. Therefore, the technology is expected to replace the traditional low-efficiency solar seawater desalination technology and becomes a main force in the field of seawater desalination. However, in the long-term operation process of the solar driven interface evaporator, non-volatile salt ions at the evaporation surface can be separated out, aggregated and crystallized, so that the evaporator is polluted and damaged, the evaporation rate is greatly reduced, and even the operation can be stopped. In order to realize the long-term stable operation of the evaporator, the salt rejection capability of the evaporator needs to be improved. Common design methods include: (1) The ion diffusion reflux method is to accelerate the convection and diffusion capacity of salt ions by enhancing the hydrophilicity of the material, so as to realize the timely dissolution of salt; (2) The direct salt blocking method of the water conveying layer is characterized in that a hydrophobic material is added between a photo-thermal material and a water channel, water and salt are blocked at the lower layer of the photo-thermal material by utilizing a hydrophobic effect, and then salt backflow is carried out through the difference of the high and low concentrations of the lower layer of the photo-thermal material and a water body; (3) A zero liquid discharge method, namely, salt is separated out in a designated area by controlling the power, gravity and the like of water transportation, and is periodically collected; (4) The ion pumping method is that ion gel is used as a water conveying channel, salt ions are prevented from entering an evaporation area due to high osmotic pressure in the ion pumping method, and water conveying is not limited, so that a salt blocking effect is achieved. However, most of the above methods can only perform stable evaporation under low light intensity and low salt concentration, which limits the ability of the technology to further expand evaporation rate and desalt water quality range.
In order to solve the limitation of the salt-blocking method and further realize the effect of stable evaporation under high light intensity and high salt concentration, a novel salt-blocking scheme of the evaporator needs to be provided to realize the effect of high-speed stable evaporation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low applicable light intensity, low applicable salt water concentration and easy salt precipitation of the existing evaporator, the invention provides a solar-driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement, which can transfer part of heat of a main evaporation layer to a secondary evaporation layer so as to realize double-layer evaporation and can inhibit salt precipitation by virtue of convection and diffusion effects. Meanwhile, the invention can achieve the best evaporation and salt resistance performance under the working conditions of different light intensities and different salt concentrations by optimizing the structural parameters of the evaporator. The solar driven interface evaporator is economical, environment-friendly, safe and energy-saving and has the potential of large-scale production. The evaporator can stably supply steam for a long time at a high speed in the process of seawater desalination.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: comprises a flat-plate-shaped heat-insulating supporting structure, an s-shaped heat-conducting structure, an n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer, an n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer and a flat-plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer, the plate-shaped heat-insulating support structure is made of a low-density low-thermal-conductivity material, and is provided with a first through hole, a second through hole and a blind hole, the s-shaped heat conducting structure is made of a material with high apparent heat conducting coefficient, the bottom of the s-shaped heat conducting structure is inserted into the blind hole, the s-shaped heat conducting structure comprises an s-shaped heat conducting structure lower layer structure and an s-shaped heat conducting structure upper layer structure, the n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competitive secondary evaporation layer is made of hydrophilic materials, the horizontal area in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competitive secondary evaporation layer is arranged on the upper surface of the lower layer structure of the s-shaped heat conduction structure in a clinging manner, the vertical areas on two sides of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competition secondary evaporation layer respectively penetrate through and extend out of the first through hole and the second through hole, the n-shaped hydrophilic water transfer layer is made of hydrophilic materials, the upper surface of the horizontal area in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water transfer layer is tightly attached to the lower surface of the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer, the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer is made of photo-thermal materials, the lower surface of the horizontal area in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer is tightly attached to the upper surface of the upper layer structure of the s-shaped heat conduction structure, the vertical areas at two sides of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water conveying layer respectively penetrate through and extend out of the first through hole and the second through hole, and the vertical areas on two sides of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer are tightly attached to the outer surfaces of the vertical areas on two sides of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer.
Furthermore, the first through hole, the second through hole and the blind hole are rectangular, the first through hole and the second through hole are the same in size, and long sides of the first through hole and the second through hole are parallel to each other and are arranged oppositely; the long side of the blind hole is parallel to the short sides of the first through hole and the second through hole, and the blind hole is located on the side portion of the short side of the same side of the first through hole and the second through hole.
Furthermore, the s-shaped heat conduction structure is a double-layer structure consisting of an s-shaped heat conduction structure lower layer structure and an s-shaped heat conduction structure upper layer structure, the size of the s-shaped heat conduction structure lower layer structure is the same as that of the horizontal region in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer, and the size of the s-shaped heat conduction structure upper layer structure is the same as that of the horizontal region in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer and that of the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer.
Furthermore, the height distance between the lower layer structure of the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the upper layer structure of the s-shaped heat conduction structure is 1-4 cm, and the distance from the lower layer structure of the s-shaped heat conduction structure to the flat heat insulation support structure is 1-4 cm.
Furthermore, the non-contact part of the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer and the n-shaped hydrophilic water transmission layer is coated with a heat insulation material or heat insulation glue.
Furthermore, the s-shaped heat conduction structure is made of a material with an apparent heat conduction coefficient larger than 20W/(m.K).
Further, the flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure adopts a density lower than 800kg/m 3 And low thermal conductivity less than 1W/(m.K).
Further, the hydrophilic material is a porous medium with a contact angle less than 50 degrees.
Further, the photo-thermal material comprises a carbon-based photo-thermal material, a semiconductor photo-thermal material and a metal photo-thermal material.
Compared with the prior art, the s-shaped heat conduction structure can transfer part of heat obtained by the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer to the n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competitive secondary evaporation layer, thereby realizing double-layer evaporation, and simultaneously inhibiting salt precipitation by virtue of convection and diffusion. The hydrophilic materials on the two sides of the n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competition secondary evaporation layer and the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer are in contact with the water body below the heat insulation supporting structure, continuous water supply is realized, and high-concentration salt in the water delivery layer is discharged into the water body below the water delivery layer. The invention realizes heat transfer by using the temperature gradient between the main evaporation layer and the secondary evaporation layer and relying on the s-shaped heat conduction structure with high apparent heat conductivity coefficient based on the Fourier heat conduction law, thereby realizing simultaneous double-layer evaporation. The total heat obtained by the evaporator is obtained only through the main evaporation layer through photo-thermal conversion, so that the energy used for evaporation of the main evaporation layer is reduced through heat transfer, the evaporation rate is reduced to some extent, and the salt accumulation speed is also reduced; the secondary evaporation layer obtains heat, the evaporation rate is increased, and the salt accumulation speed is also increased. Under different illumination intensity and salt concentration working conditions, the evaporation rate and the salt gathering speed of the main evaporation layer and the secondary evaporation layer are controlled by optimizing structural parameters of the s-shaped heat conduction structure, the secondary evaporation layer, the water delivery layer and the main evaporation layer, so that the main evaporation layer and the secondary evaporation layer can be simultaneously precipitated by means of self natural convection and diffusion inhibition salts, and the overall evaporation rate is improved to the maximum extent. Based on the process, the seawater desalination device has adjustable evaporation rate and salt resistance, and can realize high-speed, stable and long-term seawater desalination under different working conditions.
Compared with the mainstream seawater desalination technologies of a reverse osmosis membrane method, a multistage flash evaporation method and an electrodialysis method, the seawater desalination device does not need high-grade energy as driving, and only needs green and environment-friendly solar energy. In addition, the invention does not need to rely on mature industry, and is extremely suitable for obtaining fresh water in time in remote areas, ships and islands.
Compared with the traditional solar seawater desalination technology, the invention avoids the process of integrally heating seawater, reduces heat dissipation loss and improves the integral energy conversion efficiency.
Compared with the existing salt-resistant scheme which only can intermittently operate under low light intensity and low salt concentration, the invention can optimize the geometric parameters of the structure and simultaneously improve the evaporation rate and the salt resistance of the evaporator by preferably selecting the materials of the s-shaped heat conduction structure, the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer, the n-shaped hydrophilic water transmission layer and the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer, thereby realizing the high-speed, stable and long-term seawater desalination under the working conditions of high light intensity and high salt concentration.
The materials required by the solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement manufactured by the invention are mainly commercially produced foam and fiber materials, the cost is low, and the production scale can be enlarged. In addition, the photo-thermal material can be made of carbon-based materials with considerable light absorption effect and the like, which are easy to obtain and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A schematic structural view taken along section A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a flat plate-shaped insulating support structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the salt concentration profile of a solar driven thermal transfer-based interface evaporator prepared in example 1 of the present invention at 4X standard solar intensity, 14% NaCl solution;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the salt distribution of the evaporator obtained in comparative example 1 in a 4-fold standard solar intensity, 14% NaCl solution condition;
wherein, 1 is a flat plate-shaped heat insulation supporting structure, 2 is an s-shaped heat conduction structure, 3 is an n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer, 4 is an n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer, 5 is an n-shaped photothermal evaporation layer, 6 is an s-shaped heat conduction structure lower layer structure, 7 is an s-shaped heat conduction structure upper layer structure, 8 is a first through hole, 9 is a second through hole, and 10 is a blind hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and specific examples in the specification, and it should be understood that the examples described are only a part of the examples of the present application, and not all examples. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.
The invention provides a solar-driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement, which is suitable for stably supplying steam at a high speed for a long time in a seawater desalination process, and particularly comprises a flat heat-insulating support structure 1, an s-shaped heat-conducting structure 2, an n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3, an n-shaped hydrophilic water-transporting layer 4 and a flat photo-thermal main evaporation layer 5, as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3.
Specifically, the plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1 is made of a low-density and low-thermal-conductivity material, and is provided with 2 rectangular first through holes 8 and second through holes 9 which have the same size and are arranged with long sides parallel to each other and facing each other, and also provided with 1 rectangular blind hole 10, wherein the long side of the blind hole 10 is parallel to the short sides of the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9, and the blind hole 10 is arranged on the side of the short side of the same side of the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9.
Specifically, the s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 is made of a material with a high apparent heat conductivity coefficient, and the bottom of the s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 is inserted into a blind hole 10 formed in the flat heat insulation supporting structure 1; the s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 is a double-layer structure consisting of an s-shaped heat conducting structure lower layer structure 6 and an s-shaped heat conducting structure upper layer structure 7.
Specifically, the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 is made of hydrophilic materials, the horizontal area in the middle of the n-shaped structure is arranged on the upper surface of the lower layer structure 6 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure in a clinging mode, and the vertical areas on the two sides of the n-shaped structure respectively penetrate through the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9 of the flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1 and are submerged in water.
Specifically, the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 is made of a hydrophilic material, the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer 5 is made of a photo-thermal material, the upper surface of the horizontal region in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 is tightly attached to the lower surface of the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer 5, the lower surface of the horizontal region in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the upper structure 7 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure, the vertical regions on two sides of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 respectively penetrate through and extend out of the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9 and are submerged in water, and the vertical regions on two sides of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 are tightly attached to the outer surfaces of the vertical regions on two sides of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3. The hydrophilic materials on two sides of the n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competition secondary evaporation layer 3 and the n-shaped hydrophilic water conveying layer 4 are in contact with the water body below the flat-plate-shaped heat insulation supporting structure 1, continuous water supply is realized, and high-concentration salt in the n-shaped hydrophilic water conveying layer 4 is discharged into the water body below. The s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 can transfer part of heat obtained by the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer 5 to the n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competitive secondary evaporation layer 3, thereby realizing double-layer evaporation, and simultaneously, the salt precipitation can be inhibited by means of convection and diffusion.
Preferably, the s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 is made of a material having an apparent thermal conductivity greater than 20W/(m.K). The s-shaped heat conduction structure 2 is of a double-layer structure, the size of the lower layer structure 6 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure is the same as that of the horizontal area in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3, and the size of the upper layer structure 7 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure is the same as that of the horizontal area in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water transport layer 4 and the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer 5. The height distance between the lower layer structure 6 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the upper layer structure 7 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure is 1-4 cm, and the distance from the lower layer structure 6 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure to the flat heat insulation support structure 1 is 1-4 cm.
More preferably, the part of the s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 which is not contacted with the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 and the n-shaped hydrophilic water conveying layer 4 is coated with a heat insulating material or heat insulating glue.
Preferably, the flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1 has a density lower than 800kg/m 3 Low thermal conductivity less than 1W/(m.K) such as: polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, phenolic resin foam, and the like.
Preferably, the hydrophilic material is a porous medium with a contact angle of less than 50 °, such as: coconut shell fiber, dust-free paper, cotton cloth, flax cloth and the like.
Preferably, the photothermal material is carbon-based photothermal material (such as carbon black, carbon nanotube, graphene, polypyrrole, etc.), semiconductor photothermal material (such as copper sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, titanium carbide, molybdenum hydroxide, etc.), and metal photothermal material (such as aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, etc.).
According to the invention, partial heat obtained by the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer 5 can be transferred to the n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competitive secondary evaporation layer 3 through the s-shaped heat conduction structure 2, so that double-layer evaporation is realized, and salt precipitation can be inhibited by virtue of convection and diffusion effects.
The present invention will be explained in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
square polystyrene foam with the side length of 80mm is used as a flat heat-insulating support structure 1, and 2 parts of first through holes 8, second through holes 9 and 1 part of blind holes 10 which are arranged as shown in figure 3 are formed in the flat heat-insulating support structure; the s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 is a copper mesh with the width of 30mm, and one side of the s-shaped heat conducting structure is inserted into the blind hole 10 of the flat heat insulation supporting structure 1 for fixation; the width of the coconut fiber is 20mm, the coconut fiber is used as a hydrophilic porous material, the middle part of an n-shaped structure of the coconut fiber used as the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 is tightly attached to the lower layer structure 6,n of the s-shaped heat conduction structure, and the coconut fiber cloth at two sides of the s-shaped heat conduction structure passes through the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9 of the flat heat insulation support structure 1; another piece of coconut fiber with the same width is placed on a heating plate and carbonized for 5 minutes at the temperature of 350 ℃ to be used as a flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer 5, the coconut fiber with the same width and used as an n-shaped hydrophilic water transmission layer 4 is tightly placed on the lower layer of the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer, the overlapped part of the two pieces of coconut fiber is tightly attached to the two sides of the upper layer structure 7,n of the s-shaped heat conduction structure formed by the copper mesh, the coconut fiber cloth at the two sides of the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 4 is tightly attached to the two sides of the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 and then penetrates through the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9 of the flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1. The distance between the lower layer structure 6 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the upper layer structure 7 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure is 2 cm, the distance between the lower layer structure 6 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1 is also 2 cm, and the heat insulation glue TSE382-C is coated on the s-shaped heat conduction structure 2 except the position where the s-shaped heat conduction structure is in contact with the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 and the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4. The n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 and the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 which penetrate through the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9 are in contact with the water body below the flat heat insulation support structure 1, and then the solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer can be obtained. Using computational fluid dynamics, a salt concentration profile of the structure of example 1 was obtained, and the results are shown in FIG. 4.
Comparative example 1:
the only difference compared to example 1 is that the s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 is removed, and the other structural parameters are consistent with example 1. The salt concentration profile of the structure of comparative example 1 was obtained as in example 1, and the results are shown in FIG. 5.
Comparative analysis between example 1 and comparative example 1:
a profile of the salt concentration in the evaporator was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, the values for the highest salt concentration in each case being referred to in the table below.
| Examples and comparative examples | Maximum salt concentration (%) |
| Example 1 | 22.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 26.1 |
According to the Fourier heat conduction law, the main evaporation layer is irradiated by light to generate photothermal conversion, so that a large amount of heat is obtained, and the temperature is high; the secondary evaporation layer can not obtain light, and the surface temperature is very low. Therefore, the main evaporation layer transfers heat to the secondary evaporation layer through the s-shaped heat conduction structure, and heat transfer is achieved. Since the total heat obtained by the evaporator is obtained only by the main evaporation layer through photothermal conversion, the energy used by the main evaporation layer for evaporation is reduced by heat transfer, the evaporation rate is reduced, and the salt accumulation speed is also reduced. FIG. 4 shows a simulated surface salt concentration of the thermal transfer-based solar driven interface evaporator obtained in example 1 under 4X standard solar intensity, 14% NaCl solution conditions. It is known that the saturation concentration of salt in water is 26%, and if the salt concentration exceeds this value, salt is precipitated. As can be seen from fig. 4, the maximum salt concentration of example 1 after 6000 seconds is still only 22.45%, and does not reach the saturation value, due to the effect of achieving the heat transfer. The evaporator of comparative example 1 without the s-shaped heat conducting structure had a maximum salt concentration exceeding 26% of the saturation value after 6000 seconds, at which time salt accumulation occurred on the surface of the evaporator. Therefore, the solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer can improve the salt resistance of the evaporator and realize high-speed and stable evaporation under high light intensity and high salt concentration.
Example 2:
square polyurethane foam with the side length of 90mm is used as a flat heat-insulating support structure 1, and a first through hole 8, a second through hole 9 and a blind hole 10 are arranged on the flat heat-insulating support structure 1 at 2 positions and are arranged as shown in figure 3; the s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 is a copper sheet, the width of the s-shaped heat conducting structure is 40mm, and one side of the s-shaped heat conducting structure is inserted into the blind hole 10 of the flat heat insulation supporting structure 1 for fixing; the method comprises the following steps that (1) dustless paper with the width of 30mm is used as a hydrophilic porous material, the middle part of an n-shaped structure of the dustless paper used as an n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 is tightly attached to the lower layer structure 6,n of an s-shaped heat conduction structure, and the dustless paper on two sides of the lower layer structure 6,n of the s-shaped heat conduction structure penetrates through a first through hole 8 and a second through hole 9 of a flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1; and uniformly coating molybdenum disulfide on another piece of dust-free paper with the same width to form a flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer 5, tightly placing dust-free paper with the same width to form an n-shaped hydrophilic water transfer layer 4 on the lower layer of the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer, tightly attaching the overlapped part of the dust-free paper and the dust-free paper to the two sides of the upper layer structure 7,n-shaped hydrophilic water transfer layer 4 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure formed by the copper sheets, tightly attaching the dust-free paper to the two sides of the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3, and penetrating the dust-free paper through the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9 of the flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1. The distance between the lower structure layer 6 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the upper structure layer 7 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure is 1.5 cm, the distance between the lower structure layer of the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1 is 1 cm, and the s-shaped heat conduction structure 2 is coated with polyurethane foam except for the contact position between the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 and the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4. The n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 and the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 which penetrate through the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9 are in contact with the water body below the flat heat insulation support structure 1, and then the solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer can be obtained.
Example 3:
square phenolic resin foam with the side length of 60mm is used as a flat heat-insulating support structure 1, and a first through hole 8, a second through hole 9 and a blind hole 10 are arranged on the flat heat-insulating support structure 1 at 2 positions and are arranged as shown in figure 3; the s-shaped heat conducting structure 2 is made of iron wire and 40mm in width, and one side of the s-shaped heat conducting structure is inserted into the blind hole 10 of the flat heat insulation supporting structure 1 for fixation; cotton cloth with the width of 30mm is used as a hydrophilic porous material, the middle part of an n-shaped structure of the cotton cloth used as the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 is tightly attached to the lower layer structure 6,n of the s-shaped heat conduction structure, and the cotton cloth at the two sides of the s-shaped heat conduction structure passes through the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9 of the flat heat insulation support structure 1; and preparing a graphene coating on the other piece of cotton cloth with the same width by adopting a chemical deposition method to serve as a flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer 5, tightly placing cotton cloth with the same width serving as an n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 on the lower layer of the graphene coating, tightly attaching the overlapped parts of the two cotton cloths to the two sides of an upper layer structure 7,n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 of an s-shaped heat conduction structure formed by iron wires, tightly attaching the two cotton cloths to the two sides of an n-shaped hydrophilic thermal competitive secondary evaporation layer 3, and then penetrating through a first through hole 8 and a second through hole 9 of the flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1. The distance between the lower structure layer 6 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the upper structure layer 7 of the s-shaped heat conduction structure is 2.5 cm, the distance between the lower structure layer of the s-shaped heat conduction structure and the flat plate-shaped heat insulation support structure 1 is 1.5 cm, and the s-shaped heat conduction structure 2 is coated with polyurethane foam except for the position where the s-shaped heat conduction structure is in contact with the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 and the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4. The n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer 3 and the n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer 4 which penetrate through the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9 are in contact with the water body below the flat heat insulation support structure 1, and then the solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer can be obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement is characterized by comprising a flat plate-shaped heat-insulating support structure (1), an s-shaped heat-conducting structure (2), an n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer (3), an n-shaped hydrophilic water delivery layer (4) and a flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer (5), wherein the flat plate-shaped heat-insulating support structure (1) is made of a low-density low-heat-conductivity material, the flat plate-shaped heat-insulating support structure (1) is provided with a first through hole (8), a second through hole (9) and a blind hole (10), the s-shaped heat-conducting structure (2) is made of a high apparent heat conductivity material, the bottom of the s-shaped heat-conducting structure (2) is inserted into the blind hole (10), s shape heat conduction structure (2) are including s shape heat conduction structure substructure (6) and s shape heat conduction structure superstructure (7), n shape hydrophilicity hot competition evaporation layer (3) are made by hydrophilic material, the horizontal region in the middle part of the n shape structure of n shape hydrophilicity hot competition evaporation layer (3) is hugged closely and is arranged in the upper surface of s shape heat conduction structure substructure (6), the vertical region of the n shape structure both sides of n shape hydrophilicity hot competition evaporation layer (3) runs through respectively and extends first through-hole (8) and second through-hole (9), n shape hydrophilicity water delivery layer (4) are made by hydrophilic material, the upper surface in the horizontal region in the middle part of the n shape structure of n shape hydrophilicity water delivery layer (4) with dull and stereotyped light heat main evaporation layer(s) (flat board-shaped light heat main evaporation layer) 5) The lower surface of closely laminating, dull and stereotyped light and heat owner evaporation stratum (5) are made by the light and heat material, the lower surface of the horizontal zone at the n shape structure middle part of n shape hydrophilicity water delivery layer (4) closely laminates with the upper surface of s shape heat conduction structure superstructure (7), the vertical region of the n shape structure both sides of n shape hydrophilicity water delivery layer (4) runs through respectively and extends first through-hole (8) and second through-hole (9), just the vertical region of the n shape structure both sides of n shape hydrophilicity water delivery layer (4) with the surface in the vertical zone of the n shape structure both sides of n shape hydrophilicity heat competition secondary evaporation layer (3) closely laminates.
2. The solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement is characterized in that the first through hole (8), the second through hole (9) and the blind hole (10) are rectangular, the first through hole (8) and the second through hole (9) are the same in size, and the long sides of the first through hole and the second through hole are parallel to each other and are arranged oppositely; the long side of the blind hole (10) is parallel to the short sides of the first through hole (8) and the second through hole (9), and the blind hole (10) is located on the side portion of the short side of the same side of the first through hole (8) and the second through hole (9).
3. The solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the s-shaped heat conducting structure (2) is a double-layer structure composed of the s-shaped heat conducting structure lower layer structure (6) and the s-shaped heat conducting structure upper layer structure (7), the size of the s-shaped heat conducting structure lower layer structure (6) is the same as the size of the horizontal region in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer (3), and the size of the s-shaped heat conducting structure upper layer structure (7) is the same as the size of the horizontal region in the middle of the n-shaped structure of the n-shaped hydrophilic water transport layer (4) and the size of the flat plate-shaped photo-thermal main evaporation layer (5).
4. The solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement is characterized in that the height distance between the lower s-shaped heat conducting structure layer (6) and the upper s-shaped heat conducting structure layer (7) is 1-4 cm, and the distance from the lower s-shaped heat conducting structure layer (6) to the flat plate-shaped heat insulating support structure (1) is 1-4 cm.
5. The solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement is characterized in that the non-contact part of the s-shaped heat conducting structure (2) and the n-shaped hydrophilic heat competition secondary evaporation layer (3) and the n-shaped hydrophilic water transmission layer (4) is coated with heat insulating materials or heat insulating glue.
6. Solar driven interface evaporator based on thermal transfer enhancement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the s-shaped heat conducting structure (2) is made of a material with an apparent thermal conductivity of more than 20W/(m-K).
7. Solar driven interface evaporator based on heat transfer enhancement according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the flat plate shaped insulating support structure (1) has a density below 800kg/m 3 And low thermal conductivity less than 1W/(m.K).
8. The solar driven interface evaporator based on thermal transfer enhancement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hydrophilic material is a porous medium with a contact angle of less than 50 °.
9. The solar driven interface evaporator as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the photothermal material comprises carbon-based photothermal material, semiconductor photothermal material and metal photothermal material.
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