CN113321256A - Active salt-resistant solar evaporator and application thereof - Google Patents
Active salt-resistant solar evaporator and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113321256A CN113321256A CN202110699416.7A CN202110699416A CN113321256A CN 113321256 A CN113321256 A CN 113321256A CN 202110699416 A CN202110699416 A CN 202110699416A CN 113321256 A CN113321256 A CN 113321256A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention discloses an active salt-resistant solar evaporator and application thereof, which can realize that salt is actively brought back to a lower water body from the evaporator, wherein the evaporator comprises a heat-insulating floater, an upper layer of fiber cloth and a lower layer of fiber cloth which are supported on the heat-insulating floater, the upper layer of fiber cloth and the lower layer of fiber cloth are tightly stacked in a layered manner along the vertical direction, and the upper layer of fiber cloth and the lower layer of fiber cloth are strip-shaped hydrophilic porous fiber cloth; the surface of the upper layer of fiber cloth close to the middle is provided with an evaporation structure, the evaporation structure comprises a photo-thermal material loaded on the upper layer of fiber cloth, and the upper layer of fiber cloth on the two sides of the evaporation structure are respectively used as a water salt transmission channel; the shape of lower floor's fibre cloth and one side of upper fibre cloth and the shape looks adaptation of evaporation structure, and one side of lower floor's fibre cloth is used for as the salt water transmission channel, forms to have from one side of upper fibre cloth to the opposite side of upper fibre cloth through the evaporation structure to and from the one-way little liquid stream drive power of lower floor's fibre cloth through the evaporation structure to upper fibre cloth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar seawater desalination, and particularly relates to an active salt-resistant solar evaporator and application thereof.
Background
The mainstream seawater desalination technology at present mainly comprises a reverse osmosis membrane (RO) method and a thermal method (mainly a low-temperature multi-effect distillation LT-MED technology), which are both very mature large-scale centralized water supply schemes, wherein the RO technology is basically monopolized abroad. These two schemes are mainly limited in two ways: on one hand, a large amount of energy consumption is needed, the greenhouse effect and the environmental pollution are inevitably aggravated, the large-scale electric facilities are highly depended on, and the capacity and the distribution place are limited; on the other hand, the salinity pollution equipment is a common problem in the traditional seawater desalination field, and the maintenance cost of the equipment is high. The solar seawater desalination only needs solar energy as an energy source, does not need large-scale energy facilities, and has wider application range. The current commercial solar still can realize 30-45% of solar energy conversion efficiency by combining the traditional LT-MED technology, but is still not ideal.
In recent years, after a novel photo-thermal driving interface evaporation is used as a solar distiller, a brand new solar seawater desalination technology has the advantages of higher photo-thermal conversion efficiency, larger scale and lower cost, can directly produce domestic water and drinking water from seawater, is suitable for medium-scale and large-scale domestic water desalination plants and portable water taking devices, is particularly suitable for obtaining fresh water in scenes such as domestic water in island regions, ship domestic water, water for offshore platforms, water for field survival and the like, becomes a research hotspot in the field of seawater desalination, and is expected to become a substitute technology of the solar distiller. However, there is still a need in the art to overcome the salt contamination problem. During the evaporation process at the interface, water escapes in the form of vapor, and salt in the water is separated out at the interface due to supersaturation, so that the performance and stability of the evaporator are hindered and the structure of the evaporator is even damaged. At present, mainly through passive design in solar evaporator, realize the passive backward flow diffusion of salinity through the high low concentration difference of evaporation site and below water promptly, reach the purpose of avoiding the salinity to separate out, specific design mainly divide into 4 kinds: (1) manually removing the separated salt, and cleaning or discharging from the edge of the evaporation site; (2) blocking water and salt at the lower layer of the photo-thermal material through a hydrophobic effect, and then performing salt backflow through the difference between the high and low concentrations of the lower layer of the photo-thermal material and a water body; (3) dissolving and refluxing salt accumulated in the daytime by utilizing a low evaporation rate at night; (4) the three-dimensional water supply channel is used to enhance the diffusion mode to enable the salt to flow back. These above methods are limited by passive concentration diffusion rates and can only operate intermittently or can only operate stably at low light intensity (less than 2 times the standard solar intensity) and salt concentration (less than 5%).
Aiming at the defects of the prior passive salt-resistant design, the solar evaporator can work stably without interruption under the conditions of high light intensity and high salt concentration, and the solar evaporator can quickly take away salt to avoid accumulation and precipitation while evaporating at high speed by special structural design of the evaporator. Passive low concentration diffusion rates do not meet the continuous operation under strong concentration and high salt conditions. Therefore, it is an important development in the art to design a new active salt-resistant solar evaporator capable of timely draining salt according to different evaporation/salt accumulation rates.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an active salt-resistant solar evaporator and application thereof, which can actively bring salt back to a lower water body from the evaporator, achieve the optimal evaporation and salt-resistant performance under the working conditions of different light intensities and salt concentrations, have the potential of industrial mass production and are low in cost, nontoxic and environment-friendly, and can maintain the functions of efficient, stable and uninterrupted steam generation for a long time in the application of seawater desalination.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an active salt-resistant solar evaporator, which comprises a heat insulation floater, and an upper layer fiber cloth and a lower layer fiber cloth supported on the heat insulation floater, wherein the upper layer fiber cloth and the lower layer fiber cloth are stacked tightly in a layered manner along the vertical direction, and both the upper layer fiber cloth and the lower layer fiber cloth are strip-shaped hydrophilic porous fiber cloth; the surface, close to the middle, of the upper-layer fiber cloth is provided with an evaporation structure, the evaporation structure comprises a photo-thermal material loaded on the upper-layer fiber cloth, the evaporation structure is used as a photo-thermal conversion site and a steam escape site, and the upper-layer fiber cloth on two sides of the evaporation structure is used for being respectively immersed in water and used as a water-salt transmission channel; the shape of lower floor's fibre cloth with one side of upper fibre cloth and the shape looks adaptation of evaporation structure, and one side of lower floor's fibre cloth is used for submerging in the water and is regarded as the salt transmission passageway, active anti-salt solar evaporator forms and has from one side of upper fibre cloth through the evaporation structure to the opposite side of upper fibre cloth, and from lower floor's fibre cloth through the one-way little liquid stream drive power of evaporation structure to upper fibre cloth.
Furthermore, the two sides of the evaporation structure are respectively a first side of an upper layer of fiber cloth and a second side of the upper layer of fiber cloth, and the first side of the upper layer of fiber cloth and the second side of the upper layer of fiber cloth are used for being respectively immersed in water to serve as water and salt transmission channels; the lower layer fiber cloth is provided with a first side of the lower layer fiber cloth and a second side of the lower layer fiber cloth, the first side of the lower layer fiber cloth is the same as the first side of the upper layer fiber cloth in shape, the second side of the lower layer fiber cloth is the same as the evaporation structure in shape, and the first side of the lower layer fiber cloth is used for being immersed in a water body and used as a one-way water and salt transmission channel; the active salt-resistant solar evaporator is formed to have a unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force from the upper layer fiber cloth first side, the evaporation structure to the upper layer fiber cloth second side, and from the lower layer fiber cloth first side, the lower layer fiber cloth second side, the evaporation structure to the upper layer fiber cloth second side.
Further, the evaporation structure has a first side and a second side, the first side is connected with the second side of the upper layer fiber cloth, the second side is connected with the first side of the upper layer fiber cloth, and the length ratio of the first side to the second side is (1:2) - (1: 7).
Furthermore, the shape of the evaporation structure is gradually decreased from the second edge to the first edge, the length ratio of the first edge to the second edge is continuously adjustable, and the side edge of the evaporation structure, which is connected between the second edge and the first edge, is a line segment or a curve.
Further, the heat insulating float includes polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, or phenolic resin foam.
Further, the hydrophilic porous fiber cloth comprises coconut shell cloth, non-woven cloth, cotton cloth, linen cloth, chemical fiber cloth or felt cloth.
Further, the photo-thermal material includes a carbon-based material, a semiconductor material, or a metal nanoparticle having plasmon absorption.
Further, the carbon-based material includes carbon black, acetylene black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide, or polypyrrole; the semiconductor material comprises copper sulfide, black titanium oxide, copper indium gallium selenide or copper zinc tin sulfide; the metal nanoparticles comprise aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, or palladium.
Further, the photo-thermal material is obtained by directly carbonizing fiber cloth, the carbonizing temperature is 250-400 ℃, and the carbonizing time is 2-5 minutes.
The invention also provides an application of the active salt-resistant solar evaporator as solar seawater desalination, wherein two sides of the upper layer fiber cloth and one side of the lower layer fiber cloth are respectively immersed downwards into a water body to serve as water salt transmission channels, and salt is actively brought back into the water body below from the evaporator by the driving force of the unidirectional micro-fluid flow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the solar evaporator manufactured by the invention only takes commercial and cheap foam and fiber cloth as raw materials, and has the potential of low-cost large-scale manufacturing. Meanwhile, the selectivity to the photo-thermal material is very wide, and cheap materials such as carbon materials with photo-thermal effect, solid waste materials and the like can be used in large-scale production.
2. Compared with the existing mainstream RO and LT-MED seawater desalination technology, the invention uses solar energy as the only energy, gets rid of the dependence on large-scale energy and facilities thereof, avoids the pretreatment process of seawater and the periodic replacement of salt-resistant accessories, expands the application range of seawater desalination, breaks the monopoly of RO technology abroad, improves the desalination water quality and realizes the direct production of domestic water and drinking water from seawater.
3. Compared with a solar distiller, the seawater is heated and evaporated integrally by utilizing illumination, most of photo-thermal energy is wasted, and the solar conversion efficiency is generally 30-45%. Through the special structural design, the photo-thermal system only heats and evaporates the air/surface water interface, so that the solar energy conversion efficiency is improved to more than 80 percent and is far higher than the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.
4. Compared with the prior passive salt-resistant design of photo-thermal drive interface evaporation, the passive backflow diffusion of salt can be realized only through the high-low concentration difference of an evaporation site and a lower water body, so that the purpose of avoiding salt precipitation is achieved, the passive concentration diffusion rate is limited, and the device can only work intermittently or can only work stably under the conditions of lower light intensity and salt concentration. According to the invention, the length ratio of two sides of the evaporation structure shape is optimized, and the unidirectional water absorption layer is arranged, so that the unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force is obtained, and the salt is timely and actively brought back to the lower water body from the evaporator according to different evaporation rates/salt accumulation rates while high-speed evaporation is realized, so that the optimal evaporation and salt resistance performance under the working conditions of different light intensities and salt concentrations is achieved.
5. The unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force of the invention is derived from the combined action of the optimized design of the evaporation structure shape of the upper layer and the unidirectional water drawing of the fiber cloth of the upper layer and the lower layer. The sectional area of the evaporation structure shape of the upper layer is gradually reduced from the long edge to the short edge, and the flow velocity in the direction is accelerated according to the continuity equation, so that the unidirectional micro-fluid flow trend from the long edge to the short edge can be generated. And the length ratio of the long side to the short side is continuously adjustable, so that the flow speed of the unidirectional micro-fluid flow can be effectively regulated and controlled to be matched with working conditions of different light intensity and salt concentration for use. In addition, on the premise of ensuring that the continuity equation is established, the shapes of the other two sides are not strictly limited, and can be line segments or curves, and the irregular curves can also strengthen disturbance to the edge area and inhibit the generation of stagnant areas. The lower layer fiber cloth draws water in a single direction, the trend of driving the upper layer fiber cloth to have single-direction micro-fluid flow can be effectively carried out, and the active salt resistance function is really realized. If the evaporation structure shape is not optimized, the two-way flow velocity is mutually counteracted, no micro-liquid flow is generated, a stagnant area is generated near the edge of the evaporator, salt cannot be discharged in time, salt supersaturation is caused to be separated out, the range of the stagnant area is further expanded to the whole evaporator area, and the salt is gradually crystallized and separated out from the edge to the central area. If a lower-layer unidirectional water drawing structure, namely a lower-layer fiber cloth is not added, the unidirectional micro-fluid flow trend of the upper-layer fiber cloth is not strong enough to maintain real micro-fluid flow for a long time. Based on the matching of the two, the active salt-resistant solar evaporator provided by the invention has the advantages of high evaporation rate and salt resistance, and can maintain the efficient, stable and uninterrupted steam generation function for a long time in the seawater desalination application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of an active solar evaporator made in example 1 of the present invention continuously evaporating for 48 hours under a condition of 8 times of standard solar intensity and 15% NaCl solution;
FIG. 4 is a 48-hour uninterrupted continuous evaporation curve of the active salt-resistant solar evaporator manufactured in example 1 of the present invention under a working condition of 4 times of standard solar intensity and 15% NaCl solution;
wherein 10 is an upper layer fiber cloth, 11 is a first side of the upper layer fiber cloth, 12 is an evaporation structure, 13 is a second side of the upper layer fiber cloth, 14 is a first side, 15 is a second side, 16 is a side, 20 is a lower layer fiber cloth, 21 is a first side of the lower layer fiber cloth, 22 is a second side of the lower layer fiber cloth, and 30 is a heat insulation float.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and specific examples in the specification, and it should be understood that the examples described are only a part of the examples of the present application, and not all examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The invention provides an active salt-resistant solar evaporator, which specifically comprises a heat-insulating floater 30, and an upper layer fiber cloth 10 and a lower layer fiber cloth 20 supported on the heat-insulating floater 30, wherein the upper layer fiber cloth 10 and the lower layer fiber cloth 20 are tightly stacked in a layered manner along the vertical direction, and the upper layer fiber cloth 10 and the lower layer fiber cloth 20 are strip-shaped hydrophilic porous fiber cloths; the evaporation structure 12 is arranged on the surface of the upper layer fiber cloth 10 close to the middle, the evaporation structure 12 comprises a photo-thermal material loaded on the upper layer fiber cloth 10, the evaporation structure 12 is used as a photo-thermal conversion and steam escape site, and the upper layer fiber cloth 10 on the two sides of the evaporation structure 12 are respectively immersed in a water body and used as a water salt transmission channel; the shape of the lower layer fiber cloth 20 is matched with the shape of one side of the upper layer fiber cloth 10 and the shape of the evaporation structure 12, one side of the lower layer fiber cloth 20 is used for being immersed in a water body to serve as a water salt transmission channel, and the active salt-resistant solar evaporator is formed to have a one-way micro-liquid flow driving force from one side of the upper layer fiber cloth 10 to the other side of the upper layer fiber cloth 10 through the evaporation structure 12 and from the lower layer fiber cloth 20 to the upper layer fiber cloth 10 through the evaporation structure 12.
Specifically, the two sides of the evaporation structure 12 are an upper fiber cloth first side 11 and an upper fiber cloth second side 13, respectively, and the upper fiber cloth first side 11 and the upper fiber cloth second side 13 are used for being respectively immersed in water to serve as water and salt transmission channels; the lower layer fiber cloth 20 is provided with a lower layer fiber cloth first side 21 and a lower layer fiber cloth second side 22, the shape of the lower layer fiber cloth first side 21 is the same as that of the upper layer fiber cloth first side 11, the shape of the lower layer fiber cloth second side 22 is the same as that of the evaporation structure 12, and the lower layer fiber cloth first side 21 is used for being immersed in a water body to serve as a one-way water and salt transmission channel; the active salt-resistant solar evaporator is formed to have a unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force from the upper layer fiber cloth first side 11, the evaporation structure 12 to the upper layer fiber cloth second side 13, and from the lower layer fiber cloth first side 21, the lower layer fiber cloth second side 22, the evaporation structure 12 to the upper layer fiber cloth second side 13.
More specifically, the evaporation structure 12 has a first side 14 and a second side 15, the first side 14 is connected to the second side 13 of the upper layer fiber cloth, the second side 15 is connected to the first side 11 of the upper layer fiber cloth, and the length ratio of the first side 14 to the second side 15 is (1:2) to (1: 7).
The shape of the evaporation structure 12 of the present embodiment decreases from the second side 15 to the first side 14, the length ratio between the first side 14 and the second side 15 is continuously adjustable, and the side 16 of the evaporation structure 12 connecting the second side 15 and the first side 14 is a line segment or a curve.
Preferably, the insulating float 30 comprises polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, or phenolic resin foam.
Preferably, the hydrophilic porous fiber cloth comprises coconut shell cloth, non-woven cloth, cotton cloth, hemp cloth, chemical fiber cloth or felt cloth.
Preferably, the photothermal material comprises a carbon-based material, a semiconductor material, or a metal nanoparticle having plasmon absorption. The carbon-based material comprises carbon black, acetylene black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide or polypyrrole; the semiconductor material comprises copper sulfide, black titanium oxide, copper indium gallium selenide or copper zinc tin sulfide; the metal nanoparticles include aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, or palladium. Or the photo-thermal material can be obtained by directly carbonizing the fiber cloth, wherein the carbonizing temperature is 250-400 ℃, and the carbonizing time is 2-5 minutes.
The microstructure of the active salt-resistant solar evaporator is a porous micro-nano fiber structure, and has a unidirectional micro-liquid flow driving force from the long side to the short side of the shape of the evaporation structure 12, namely the second side 15 to the first side 14 and then to a lower water body, and the active salt-resistant solar evaporator with the unidirectional micro-liquid flow driving force from 11-12-13 and 21-22-12-13 can be obtained by combining the optimization design of the structure shape and the combined action of the unidirectional water suction of the upper layer fiber cloth and the lower layer fiber cloth, has the unidirectional liquid flow driving force, can actively bring salt back to the lower water body from the evaporator, avoids salt crystallization separation under the conditions of high light intensity and high salt concentration, can maintain the efficient, stable and uninterrupted steam generation function for a long time in the solar seawater desalination application, and has the advantages of low cost, no toxicity, environmental protection, low cost and capability of realizing the continuous steam generation function, Has the potential of industrial mass production.
The invention also provides an application of the active salt-resistant solar evaporator as solar seawater desalination, wherein two sides of the upper layer fiber cloth 10 and one side of the lower layer fiber cloth 20 are respectively downwards immersed into a water body to serve as water salt transmission channels, salt is actively brought back into the water body below the evaporator by the driving force of unidirectional micro-liquid flow, the optimal evaporation and salt-resistant performance under different light intensity and salt concentration working conditions can be realized by adjusting the length ratio of the first edge 14 to the second edge 15, the salt crystallization is avoided under the conditions that the solar intensity is higher than 8 times of standard solar intensity and the salt concentration is higher than 15%, the high-efficiency, stable and uninterrupted steam generation function is maintained for a long time, and the salt concentration in the evaporated water is reduced to be lower than the original 0.5% so as to reach the standard of direct drinking water.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
According to the basic principle of a continuity equation in fluid mechanics, the unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force is actively manufactured in the evaporator and is effectively regulated and controlled, and the active salt-resistant solar evaporator is obtained only by taking commercial and cheap foam and fiber cloth as raw materials.
The photocatalytic test method of the following examples was: A300W xenon lamp (PLS-SXE300UV, Beijing Pofely science and technology Co., Ltd.) is combined with an AM 1.5G filter to be used as a simulated solar light source, and different illumination intensities are adjusted to test the steam generation performance under different light intensities. The evaporator was floated on the water surface, and the evaporation amount of water vapor was measured using a precision balance to calculate the evaporation rate and solar efficiency. NaCl solutions of different concentrations were prepared to simulate seawater to test the salt resistance of the evaporator.
Example 1:
polyurethane foam is used as the heat insulation floater 30, coconut shell cloth is used as hydrophilic porous fiber cloth, and one side of the coconut shell cloth is carbonized on a hot plate at 400 ℃ for 5 minutes to be used as a photo-thermal material to form an evaporation structure 12; the length ratio of a first side 14 to a second side 15 of the evaporation structure 12 is set to be 1:3, two side edges 16 are straight line segments, and a first side 11 of the upper layer of fiber cloth and a second side 13 of the upper layer of fiber cloth are immersed in a water body below to serve as water and salt transmission channels; the first side 21 and the second side 22 of the lower layer fiber cloth are kept in the same shape as the first side 11 and the evaporation structure 12 of the upper layer fiber cloth, and the first side 21 of the lower layer fiber cloth is immersed in a water body below to be used as a one-way water salt transmission channel; and tightly stacking the upper layer and the lower layer to obtain the active salt-resistant solar evaporator with the unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force.
The evaporation structure 12 is designed according to the principle of a continuity equation, namely, the section of the direction from the second side 15 to the first side 14 is continuously decreased, so as to enhance the micro-fluid flow driving force and the flow velocity in the direction; FIG. 3 is a photograph of the active solar evaporator made in example 1 after continuous evaporation for 48 hours under the conditions of 8 times standard solar intensity and 15% NaCl solution, the product has unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force, and salt crystallization can be avoided under the conditions of high light intensity and high salt concentration; the simulated seawater desalination test of the product of example 1 is performed, and as a result, referring to fig. 4, under the working conditions of 4 times of standard solar intensity and 15% NaCl solution, compared with the evaporation structure 12 which is not optimized (the length ratio of the second edge 15 to the first edge 14 is 1:1), the evaporation capacity is exponentially attenuated due to salt precipitation, and the optimized active salt-resistant solar evaporator can maintain a high-efficiency and stable steam generation function in the uninterrupted continuous evaporation process for 48 hours.
Example 2:
polystyrene foam is used as the heat insulation floater 30, non-woven fabric is used as hydrophilic porous fiber cloth, and carbon black is uniformly loaded on one surface of the non-woven fabric to be used as a photo-thermal material to form the evaporation structure 12; the length ratio of a first side 14 to a second side 15 of the evaporation structure 12 is set to be 1:4, two side edges 16 are excircle arc line segments, and a first side 11 of the upper layer of fiber cloth and a second side 13 of the upper layer of fiber cloth are immersed in a water body below to serve as water salt transmission channels; the first side 21 and the second side 22 of the lower layer fiber cloth are kept in the same shape as the first side 11 and the evaporation structure 12 of the upper layer fiber cloth, and the first side 21 of the lower layer fiber cloth is immersed in a water body below to be used as a one-way water salt transmission channel; and tightly stacking the upper layer and the lower layer to obtain the active salt-resistant solar evaporator with the unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force.
Example 3:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting polyethylene foam as a heat insulation floater 30, cotton cloth as hydrophilic porous fiber cloth, and uniformly loading copper sulfide on one surface of the cotton cloth as a photo-thermal material to form an evaporation structure 12; the length ratio of a first side 14 and a second side 15 of the evaporation structure 12 is set to be 1:5, two side edges 16 are inner arc line segments, and a first side 11 of the upper layer of fiber cloth and a second side 13 of the upper layer of fiber cloth are immersed into a water body below to serve as water and salt transmission channels; the first side 21 and the second side 22 of the lower layer fiber cloth are kept in the same shape as the first side 11 and the evaporation structure 12 of the upper layer fiber cloth, and the first side 21 of the lower layer fiber cloth is immersed in a water body below to be used as a one-way water salt transmission channel; and tightly stacking the upper layer and the lower layer to obtain the active salt-resistant solar evaporator with the unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force.
Example 4:
polyvinyl chloride foam is used as a heat insulation floater 30, felt cloth is used as hydrophilic porous fiber cloth, and one surface of the felt cloth is carbonized on a hot plate at 350 ℃ for 8 minutes to be used as a photo-thermal material to form an evaporation structure 12; the length ratio of a first side 14 to a second side 15 of the evaporation structure 12 is set to be 1:7, two side edges 16 are wave-shaped line segments, and two sides 11 and 13 of the felt cloth are immersed in a water body below to be used as water and salt conveying channels; the first side 11 and the second side 13 of the upper layer of fiber cloth are immersed in the water body below to be used as water and salt transmission channels; the first side 21 and the second side 22 of the lower layer fiber cloth are kept in the same shape as the first side 11 and the evaporation structure 12 of the upper layer fiber cloth, and the first side 21 of the lower layer fiber cloth is immersed in a water body below to be used as a one-way water salt transmission channel; and tightly stacking the upper layer and the lower layer to obtain the active salt-resistant solar evaporator with the unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The active salt-resistant solar evaporator is characterized by comprising a heat insulation floater (30), and an upper layer of fiber cloth (10) and a lower layer of fiber cloth (20) which are supported on the heat insulation floater (30), wherein the upper layer of fiber cloth (10) and the lower layer of fiber cloth (20) are tightly stacked in a layered manner along the vertical direction, and the upper layer of fiber cloth (10) and the lower layer of fiber cloth (20) are both strip-shaped hydrophilic porous fiber cloth; an evaporation structure (12) is arranged on the surface, close to the middle, of the upper-layer fiber cloth (10), the evaporation structure (12) comprises a photo-thermal material loaded on the upper-layer fiber cloth (10), the evaporation structure (12) serves as a photo-thermal conversion site and a steam escape site, and the upper-layer fiber cloth (10) on two sides of the evaporation structure (12) are respectively immersed in water and serve as a water and salt transmission channel; the shape of the lower layer fiber cloth (20) is matched with the shape of one side of the upper layer fiber cloth (10) and the shape of the evaporation structure (12), one side of the lower layer fiber cloth (20) is used for being immersed in a water body to serve as a water salt transmission channel, and the active salt-resistant solar evaporator is formed to have a one-way micro-liquid flow driving force from one side of the upper layer fiber cloth (10) to the other side of the upper layer fiber cloth (10) through the evaporation structure (12) and from the lower layer fiber cloth (20) to the upper layer fiber cloth (10) through the evaporation structure (12).
2. The active salt-resistant solar evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the evaporation structure (12) is provided with a first side (11) and a second side (13) of an upper layer of fiber cloth at two sides, and the first side (11) and the second side (13) of the upper layer of fiber cloth are used for being respectively immersed in water body to serve as water and salt transmission channels; the lower layer fiber cloth (20) is provided with a first side (21) of the lower layer fiber cloth and a second side (22) of the lower layer fiber cloth, the first side (21) of the lower layer fiber cloth is the same as the first side (11) of the upper layer fiber cloth in shape, the second side (22) of the lower layer fiber cloth is the same as the evaporation structure (12) in shape, and the first side (21) of the lower layer fiber cloth is used for being immersed in a water body to serve as a one-way water and salt transmission channel; the active salt-resistant solar evaporator is formed to have a unidirectional micro-fluid flow driving force from the upper layer fiber cloth first side (11), the evaporation structure (12) to the upper layer fiber cloth second side (13), and from the lower layer fiber cloth first side (21), the lower layer fiber cloth second side (22), the evaporation structure (12) to the upper layer fiber cloth second side (13).
3. An active salt-resistant solar evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that the evaporation structure (12) has a first edge (14) and a second edge (15), the first edge (14) is connected with the second side (13) of the upper layer of the fiber cloth, the second edge (15) is connected with the first side (11) of the upper layer of the fiber cloth, and the length ratio of the first edge (14) to the second edge (15) is (1:2) - (1: 7).
4. An active salt-resistant solar evaporator according to claim 3, characterized in that the shape of the evaporation structure (12) decreases from the second edge (15) to the first edge (14), the length ratio of the first edge (14) to the second edge (15) is continuously adjustable, and the side (16) of the evaporation structure (12) connecting the second edge (15) to the first edge (14) is a line segment or a curve.
5. The active salt-resistant solar evaporator of claim 1 wherein the thermally insulating float (30) comprises polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, or phenolic foam.
6. The active salt-resistant solar evaporator of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic porous fiber cloth comprises coconut shell cloth, non-woven cloth, cotton cloth, hemp cloth, chemical fiber cloth or felt cloth.
7. The active salt-resistant solar evaporator of claim 1, wherein the photo-thermal material comprises a carbon-based material, a semiconductor material, or metal nanoparticles with plasma-based elementary absorption.
8. The active salt-resistant solar evaporator of claim 7, wherein the carbon-based material comprises carbon black, acetylene black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide, or polypyrrole; the semiconductor material comprises copper sulfide, black titanium oxide, copper indium gallium selenide or copper zinc tin sulfide; the metal nanoparticles comprise aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, or palladium.
9. The active salt-resistant solar evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the photo-thermal material is obtained by directly carbonizing a fiber cloth, the carbonizing temperature is 250-400 ℃, and the carbonizing time is 2-5 minutes.
10. Use of an active salt-resistant solar evaporator according to any of claims 1 to 9 as a solar desalination plant, characterized in that both sides of the upper layer of fibre cloth (10) and one side of the lower layer of fibre cloth (20) are submerged down into the water respectively as water-salt transport channels, actively carrying salt from the evaporator back into the water below by means of a unidirectional micro-flow driving force.
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