CN116216824B - Hydrogel type interface photo-thermal evaporator and preparation and application methods thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogel type interface photo-thermal evaporator and preparation and application methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical group O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 38
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHTJEPVNHUUIPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanedial;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=CCCCC=O BHTJEPVNHUUIPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940113115 polyethylene glycol 200 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
- B01J13/0056—Preparation of gels containing inorganic material and water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
- B01J13/0065—Preparation of gels containing an organic phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogel type interface photo-thermal evaporator and a preparation and application method thereof. The preparation method of the interface photo-thermal evaporator comprises the following steps: the hydrogel skeleton is prepared by lotus root starch and polyvinyl alcohol, light absorbent carbon quantum dots are added on the upper layer, light absorbent is not added on the lower layer, an evaporation layer and a water delivery layer are respectively prepared, and the evaporation layer and the water delivery layer are combined into an evaporator which is arranged on the surface of seawater and can be subjected to desalination treatment under the drive of solar energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of interface photo-thermal evaporators, and particularly relates to an interface photo-thermal evaporator of a hydrogel composite material.
Background
Seawater desalination is an open source increment technology for realizing water resource utilization, and is an effective method for relieving fresh water shortage. The mature seawater desalination technology at present comprises a membrane filtration technology, a vapor compression technology, an ion exchange technology and the like. However, these techniques have the disadvantages of high energy consumption, high cost, easy fouling and plugging, short maintenance period, etc.
The interface photo-thermal evaporation technology is a novel evaporation desalination technology, and the evaporation interface and the heat collection interface are positioned at the liquid-air interface at the same time by utilizing solar energy to drive the evaporation process, so that the evaporation efficiency can be maximized while the demand of photo-thermal materials and heat loss are minimized. However, the existing interface photo-thermal evaporation material can generate larger heat loss in the evaporation process, and the evaporation rate still cannot meet the actual production requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hydrogel type interface photo-thermal evaporator and a preparation and application method thereof, and the evaporator takes a hydrogel composite material as an evaporation layer and a water delivery layer, so that waste heat utilization can be effectively realized, heat loss in photo-thermal conversion is greatly reduced, and photo-thermal conversion efficiency and sea water evaporation efficiency are improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a hydrogel type interface photo-thermal evaporator, which comprises the following steps:
adding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and lotus root starch into water, mixing and thermally dissolving to obtain a hydrogel precursor liquid;
Adding carbon quantum dots, an initiator and a cross-linking agent into a part of hydrogel precursor liquid, and obtaining an evaporation layer hydrogel material through a first gelation reaction;
Adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent into the other part of hydrogel precursor liquid, and obtaining a water-conveying layer hydrogel material through a second gelation reaction;
and injecting the water delivery layer hydrogel material into the evaporation layer hydrogel material to obtain the hydrogel type interface photo-thermal evaporator.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the thermal dissolution is 50-60 ℃, more preferably 55 ℃.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution has a mass concentration of 10 to 15%, more preferably 10%.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the lotus root starch to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1:2.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the obtaining of the carbon quantum dots comprises: mixing polyethylene glycol and glycerol for microwave heating to obtain a dispersion liquid of the carbon quantum dots, and more preferably, heating for 25-35 min in a microwave oven.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the volume ratio of the polyethylene glycol to the glycerol is 3:1.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the initiator is selected from hydrochloric acid.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the crosslinking agent is selected from glutaraldehyde aqueous solutions; more preferably, the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution has a volume concentration of 50%.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the first gelation reaction is 50 to 60 ℃ for a time of 1.5 to 2.5 hours, more preferably 55 ℃ for 2 hours.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the second gelation reaction is at normal temperature for 1.5 to 2.5 hours, more preferably 2 hours.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the preparation method, the first gelation reaction is performed in a first mold to form a first cylindrical shape of the evaporation layer hydrogel material, and the second gelation reaction is performed in a second mold to form a second cylindrical shape of the water transport layer hydrogel material; the hydrogel type interface photo-thermal evaporator is obtained by combining the first cylindrical evaporation layer hydrogel material and the second cylindrical water delivery layer hydrogel material.
The preferred embodiment can provide a biomimetic mushroom shaped evaporator which results in further significant reduction of heat loss and increase of the evaporation rate of seawater.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the first mould is cylindrical with a radius of 2.5-3.5 cm and the second mould is cylindrical with a radius of 1.5-2.5 cm.
More preferably, the radius of the first mold is 3cm, and the radius of the second mold is 2cm.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the height ratio of the first mold to the second mold is 1:2.
The invention fully utilizes the three-dimensional porous network structure of the hydrogel and the excellent water conveying capacity and thermal localization capacity of the hydrogel, and the formed evaporator material can relieve the problem of salt scale through the porous structure and the excellent surface wettability and improve the pollution resistance and the thermal stability of the evaporator. In the preparation process, lotus root starch and polyvinyl alcohol are used as hydrogel frameworks, light absorbent carbon quantum dots are added in the upper layer, and light absorbent is not added in the lower layer, so that the hydrogel is divided into an evaporation layer and a transmission layer, and the interface photo-thermal evaporator with excellent performance is formed.
The lotus root starch and the polyvinyl alcohol can form the double-network hydrogel with strong mechanical properties, the strong viscosity of the lotus root starch can provide better mechanical properties for the framework, and the obtained double-network hydrogel has excellent hydrophilicity, so that the water transmission efficiency in evaporation is facilitated.
The preparation process is simple, the obtained interface photo-thermal evaporator can be used for biodegradable lotus root starch and polyvinyl alcohol as raw materials, pollution is avoided, the environment is protected, and the interface photo-thermal evaporator can be widely applied to the field of water purification.
In some specific embodiments, the interface photo-thermal evaporator is of a bionic mushroom structure, so that the utilization of waste heat can be further realized, and heat loss is avoided to a greater extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the evaporated layer hydrogel material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a physical image of the bionic mushroom hydrogel evaporator prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application mode of the bionic mushroom hydrogel evaporator prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of evaporation performance test in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, but it should be understood that the examples and drawings are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. All reasonable variations and combinations that are included within the scope of the inventive concept fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The evaporation layer material was prepared by the following procedure:
2g of polyvinyl alcohol with molecular weight of 145000 is dissolved in 27g of deionized water at 55 ℃, and then 1g of edible pure lotus root starch is added for dissolution to obtain hydrogel precursor liquid;
mixing the polyethylene glycol 200 solution with glycerol according to the volume ratio of 3:1, and heating for 30min by low fire in a microwave oven to obtain a carbon quantum dot dispersion liquid;
Adding 3mL of carbon quantum dot dispersion liquid into hydrogel precursor liquid, adding 250 mu L of glutaraldehyde water solution with volume concentration of 50%, carrying out ultrasonic mixing uniformly, and adding 500 mu L of hydrochloric acid solution with concentration of 1.2mol/L under stirring to obtain evaporation layer precursor liquid;
Injecting the evaporation layer precursor liquid into an evaporation layer mold, and reacting for 2 hours at 55 ℃ to obtain evaporation layer hydrogel; wherein, the evaporating layer mould is a cylinder with an inner diameter of 3cm and a height of 1 cm.
The microstructure of the evaporating layer hydrogel is represented, and the obtained scanning electron microscope image is shown as a figure 1, so that the evaporating layer hydrogel has a regular porous structure and forms extended pore channels, which is beneficial to water transmission.
Example 2
The water transport layer material was prepared by the following procedure:
dissolving 1g of polyvinyl alcohol with molecular weight of 145000 in 8.5g of deionized water at 55 ℃, adding 0.5g of edible pure lotus root starch, and dissolving to obtain hydrogel precursor liquid;
Adding 125 mu L of glutaraldehyde water solution with volume concentration of 50% into the hydrogel precursor liquid, uniformly mixing by ultrasonic, and stirring and adding 250 mu L of hydrochloric acid solution with concentration of 1.2mol/L to obtain a water-conveying layer precursor liquid;
Injecting the water-conveying layer precursor liquid into a water-conveying layer mould, and reacting for 2 hours at normal temperature to obtain water-conveying layer hydrogel; wherein, the water delivery layer mould is a cylinder with an inner diameter of 2cm and a height of 2 cm.
Further, the obtained water-transporting layer hydrogel is injected into the evaporation layer hydrogel obtained in the example 1, and after the water-transporting layer hydrogel and the evaporation layer hydrogel are combined, a complete bionic mushroom hydrogel evaporator is formed, as shown in fig. 2.
After the hydrogel evaporator is placed in seawater, the desalination treatment of the seawater can be realized through an interfacial light evaporation process under the drive of solar energy, as shown in figure 3.
Example 3
The evaporation performance test is carried out on the evaporation layer hydrogel (namely single-layer hydrogel) obtained in the example 1 and the bionic mushroom hydrogel evaporator obtained in the example 2, wherein the test process comprises the following steps:
Floating the hydrogel or the hydrogel evaporator in a beaker containing 40mL of deionized water, placing the beaker on an electronic balance, placing the beaker under a sunlight simulator provided with an AM1.5G optical filter, measuring and correcting the distance between the surface of the single-layer hydrogel or the surface of the evaporation layer of the evaporator and a light source through a solar power meter, so that the illumination intensity received by the surface of the single-layer hydrogel or the evaporation layer of the evaporator is 1 standard sunlight intensity (1 kW/m 2), testing the surface of the single-layer hydrogel or the evaporation layer of the evaporator at room temperature of 25+/-1 ℃ and humidity of about 55%, and recording electronic balance data every 10min to obtain mass loss conditions under illumination during evaporation; meanwhile, a dark evaporation experiment is carried out, namely, an analytical balance is coated with tinfoil, so that mass loss under the condition of dark evaporation is recorded in the same manner in a completely light-proof environment, and after the evaporation process is stable, the steady-state evaporation rate V is obtained by the following calculation formula:
wherein: m is the net total mass loss (mass loss under dim evaporation in light conditions, kg); a is the area (m 2) of the evaporating layer hydrogel; t is the total duration of evaporation (h).
And calculate the photo-thermal evaporation efficiency from the steady state evaporation rate:
Uin＝ΔHgqu·mg＝ΔHvap·m0
Wherein: v is the photo-induced net evaporation rate (kg/m 2·h);Hequ is the evaporation phase transition enthalpy of water (kJ/kg), E in is the total solar radiation intensity received, H vap and m 0 are the evaporation enthalpy and evaporation rate of water (without hydrogel) under dark evaporation conditions, respectively, and m g is the evaporation rate of water (with hydrogel placed) under dark evaporation conditions.
The comparison of the evaporation rate (bar graph) and the evaporation efficiency (line graph) obtained by the test is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the evaporation rate and the evaporation efficiency of the bionic mushroom hydrogel evaporator are obviously superior to those of the single-layer hydrogel.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the concept of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the hydrogel type interface photo-thermal evaporator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
adding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and lotus root starch into water, mixing and thermally dissolving to obtain a hydrogel precursor liquid;
mixing polyethylene glycol solution with glycerol and heating by microwave to obtain a dispersion liquid of carbon quantum dots;
Adding the dispersion liquid of the carbon quantum dots, an initiator and a cross-linking agent into a part of hydrogel precursor liquid, and performing a first gelation reaction in a first die to obtain a first cylindrical evaporation layer hydrogel material;
Adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent into the other part of hydrogel precursor liquid, and performing a second gelation reaction in a second die to obtain a water-transporting layer hydrogel material in a second cylinder shape;
injecting the water delivery layer hydrogel material in the shape of the second cylinder into the evaporation layer hydrogel material in the shape of the first cylinder, and combining to obtain the hydrogel type interface photo-thermal evaporator;
Wherein the initiator is selected from hydrochloric acid, and the cross-linking agent is selected from glutaraldehyde;
The first die is in a cylindrical shape with the radius of 2.5-3.5 cm, and the second die is in a cylindrical shape with the radius of 1.5-2.5 cm; the height ratio of the first die to the second die is 1:2.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thermal dissolution temperature is 50-60 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first gelation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50 to 60 ℃ for a time of 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second gelation reaction is carried out at room temperature for 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 10-15%.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the lotus root starch to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1:2.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the polyethylene glycol solution to the glycerol is 3:1.
8. A hydrogel interfacial photothermal evaporator prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The use of the hydrogel type interface photothermal evaporator of claim 8 in a solar desalination evaporator.
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