CN117164045B - Convection type solar interface evaporator and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Convection type solar interface evaporator and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 39
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 68
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 67
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 50
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention provides a convection type solar energy interface evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photo-thermal conversion materials. Firstly, dispersing carbon nano tubes and carbon black in a polyvinyl alcohol solution for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed dispersion liquid; then glutaraldehyde is added into the mixed dispersion liquid, and suction filtration is carried out to obtain a CNTs/CB@PVA film; and finally, soaking the CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution for chemical crosslinking reaction, and constructing convection pore channels on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film to obtain the convection type solar interface evaporator. And (3) constructing a convection pore canal on the CNTs/CB@PVA film to finish the preparation of the convection type solar interface evaporator. The construction of the convection channel strengthens the mass transfer of water and relieves the obstruction of inorganic salt mineralization to evaporation performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal conversion materials, in particular to a convection type solar energy interface evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the deterioration of ecological environment, the world's available fresh water resources are gradually exhausted, and the world is facing the threat of fresh water shortage. The earth has rich sea water resources, and sea water desalination is certainly one of effective strategies for solving the problem of fresh water shortage. However, conventional sea water desalination technologies (such as electrodialysis and reverse osmosis) still face a series of problems of excessively high energy consumption, complex process flow, huge energy cost and the like. Solar energy is widely used since ancient times as an environment-friendly renewable energy source, and solar energy interface evaporation technology (SIE) utilizes green energy solar energy to obtain fresh water by photo-thermal evaporation on a gas-liquid interface of an evaporation device, so that additional energy consumption is not needed and the process flow is simple.
At present, SIE desalination is mainly to improve fresh water yield by optimizing evaporation efficiency. Among them, a novel solar evaporator structure and an excellent photo-thermal material are designed to achieve efficient photo-thermal conversion. In addition, various deep salt-resistant strategies have been proposed, including salting out for specific sites and enhancing fluid convection to enhance water evaporation. However, the effect of inorganic salt mineralization in actual water on the desalination and evaporation performance of SIE is rarely focused on. In particular, inorganic salt ions with low solubility and easy scaling, such as calcium ions, magnesium ions and the like, exist in a real water body, and can firstly reach a supersaturated state in a continuous evaporation process, and mineralization occurs on an evaporation device. Mineralized inorganic salts may impede the flow of solution over the evaporator, increasing the polarization of temperature and concentration. In addition, the deposited mineralized layer may create additional thermal resistance, affecting the subsequent evaporation process, leading to premature crystallization of NaCl. Crystalline NaCl not only prevents light absorption, but also prevents water supply, severely limiting the long-term use of SIE. So far, more and more research focuses on improving the efficiency of the evaporator, but the understanding of the influence of inorganic salt mineralization on NaCl crystallization in the SIE seawater desalination process is seriously neglected, and an effective strategy for relieving the problem is still lacking at present. Therefore, the development of the convection type solar interface evaporator capable of reducing the mineralization degree of the inorganic salt has important significance for improving the evaporation performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a convection type solar energy interface evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, inorganic salt mineralization reduces heat transfer efficiency and affects evaporation effect when sea water is desalted or high-salt wastewater is treated.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a convection type solar energy interface evaporator, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Dispersing carbon nano tubes and carbon black in a polyvinyl alcohol solution for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed dispersion liquid;
(2) Glutaraldehyde is added into the mixed dispersion liquid, and then suction filtration is carried out to obtain a CNTs/CB@PVA film;
(3) Immersing the CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution for chemical crosslinking reaction, and constructing convection pore channels on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film to obtain the convection type solar interface evaporator.
Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the carbon nano tube, the carbon black, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the glutaraldehyde is 0.25-2.0 g:0.05 to 0.3g: 7-10 g: 50-80 mu L.
Preferably, in the step (1), the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 0.5 to 2wt%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 20 to 40 minutes.
Preferably, in the step (3), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1.0 to 1.5mol/L.
Preferably, in the step (3), the chemical crosslinking reaction is carried out at a temperature of 20 to 30 ℃ for a time of 1 to 2 hours.
Preferably, in the step (3), the size of the convection duct is 0.3 to 0.6mm.
The invention provides a convection type solar energy interface evaporator.
The invention provides an application of a convection type solar energy interface evaporator in sea water desalination and high-salt wastewater.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The surface of the convection type solar interface evaporator prepared by the invention has rich micropore structures which are composed of rod-shaped carbon nano tubes and granular carbon black, and the micropore structures can ensure that the convection type solar interface evaporator has high porosity and enlarged specific surface area and effectively generate steam.
(2) According to the invention, polyvinyl alcohol is added in the preparation of the convection type solar interface evaporator, and the carbon nano tube and the carbon black are tightly nested on the interface evaporator through chemical crosslinking reaction, so that the carbon nano tube and the carbon black in the interface evaporator can not permeate into raw water, and the interface evaporator has obvious stability.
(3) The convection type solar interface evaporator prepared by the invention re-dissolves the salt to be separated back into the raw water by strengthening water convection and accelerating water mass transfer so as to relieve the obstruction of inorganic salt mineralization on evaporation performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an external view and an SEM image of a convection type solar interface evaporator prepared in example 1, where b is an external view, c is a low-power SEM image, and d is a high-power SEM image;
fig. 2 is a surface wettability test chart and an infrared spectrogram of the convection type solar energy interface evaporator prepared in example 1, wherein a is a surface wettability test chart, and b is an infrared spectrogram;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the light absorption test of the convection type solar energy interfacial evaporator prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of surface temperature of the convection type solar interface evaporator prepared in example 1 at different solar irradiation intensities;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the precipitation and evaporation rates of inorganic salts when the 5-hole convection type solar interface evaporator prepared in example 2 was used to treat different solutions, wherein a is a graph showing the precipitation and evaporation rates of inorganic salts when the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 3.5wt%, 5.0wt% and 10.0wt%, respectively, b is a graph showing the evaporation rates when the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 3.5wt%, 5.0wt% and 10.0wt%, c is a graph showing the evaporation rates of mixed solution when the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 3.5wt% + calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.L -1, the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 5.0wt% + calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.L -1, the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 10.0wt% + calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.L -1, d is 3.5wt% + calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol. -1, the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 5.0wt% + calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol. -1, and the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 10.0wt% + calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.24 mmol.35 mmol%;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the precipitation position and evaporation rate of inorganic salts when the convection solar interface evaporator prepared in example 1 was used to treat different solutions, wherein a is a graph showing the precipitation position of inorganic salts when the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 3.5wt% and the concentration of calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.L -1, the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 5.0wt% and the concentration of calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.L -1, the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 10.0wt% and the concentration of calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.L -1, and b is a graph showing the evaporation rate when the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 3.5wt% and the concentration of calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.L -1, the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 5.0wt% and the concentration of calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.L -1, the concentration of sodium chloride solution was 10.0wt% and the concentration of calcium sulfate solution was 20 mmol.L -1;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the precipitation of inorganic salts when a mixed solution having a sodium chloride solution concentration of 10.0 wt.% + and a calcium sulfate solution concentration of 20 mmol.L -1 was treated by the solar interface evaporator prepared in comparative example 2;
Fig. 8 is a graph of stability of the convection type solar interfacial evaporator prepared in example 1 and the interfacial evaporator prepared in comparative example 3, where a is example 1 and b is comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a convection type solar energy interface evaporator, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Dispersing carbon nano tubes and carbon black in a polyvinyl alcohol solution for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed dispersion liquid;
(2) Glutaraldehyde is added into the mixed dispersion liquid, and then suction filtration is carried out to obtain a CNTs/CB@PVA film;
(3) Immersing the CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution for chemical crosslinking reaction, and constructing convection pore channels on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film to obtain the convection type solar interface evaporator.
In the invention, the mass volume ratio of the carbon nano tube, the carbon black, the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the glutaraldehyde is 0.25-2.0 g:0.05 to 0.3g: 7-10 g:50 to 80. Mu.L, preferably 0.5 to 1.5g:0.1 to 0.2g: 8-9 g:60 to 70. Mu.L, more preferably 0.75 to 1.25g:0.1g:8.1 to 8.9g: 65. Mu.L.
In the present invention, the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution in the step (1) is 0.5 to 2wt%, preferably 0.8 to 1.5wt%, and more preferably 1 to 1.2wt%.
In the present invention, in the step (1), the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 20 to 40 minutes, preferably 25 to 35 minutes, and more preferably 30 minutes.
In the present invention, in the step (2), after glutaraldehyde is added to the mixed dispersion, suction filtration is performed, preferably onto a hydrophilic filter membrane.
In the present invention, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in the step (3) is 1.0 to 1.5mol/L, preferably 1.1 to 1.4mol/L, and more preferably 1.2 to 1.3mol/L.
In the present invention, in the step (3), the temperature of the chemical crosslinking reaction is 20 to 30 ℃, preferably 22 to 28 ℃, and more preferably 25 ℃; the time is 1 to 2 hours, preferably 1.2 to 1.8 hours, and more preferably 1.5 hours.
In the present invention, in the step (3), the size of the convection channel is 0.3 to 0.6mm, preferably 0.4 to 0.5mm, and more preferably 0.5mm.
In the present invention, the number of convection channels is 5 to 9, preferably 5 or 9.
The invention provides a convection type solar energy interface evaporator.
The invention provides an application of a convection type solar energy interface evaporator in sea water desalination and high-salt wastewater.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Dispersing 0.25g of carbon nano tube and 0.1g of carbon black in 8.115g of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 1wt%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain mixed dispersion liquid; adding 60 mu L glutaraldehyde into the mixed dispersion liquid, and then carrying out suction filtration on the mixture to a hydrophilic filter membrane to obtain a CNTs/CB@PVA membrane; immersing a CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1.3mol/L for chemical crosslinking reaction at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and then constructing 9 convection pore canals on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film, wherein the size of the convection pore canals is 0.5mm, thus obtaining the convection type solar interface evaporator named CCP.
Example 2
Dispersing 0.25g of carbon nano tube and 0.1g of carbon black in 8.115g of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 1wt%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain mixed dispersion liquid; adding 60 mu L glutaraldehyde into the mixed dispersion liquid, and then carrying out suction filtration on the mixture to a hydrophilic filter membrane to obtain a CNTs/CB@PVA membrane; immersing a CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1.3mol/L for chemical crosslinking reaction, wherein the temperature of the chemical crosslinking reaction is 25 ℃, the time is 1.5 hours, and then constructing 5 convection pore canals on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film, wherein the size of the convection pore canals is 0.5mm, thus obtaining the convection type solar interface evaporator.
Example 3
Dispersing 1.785g of carbon nano tube and 0.1g of carbon black in 8.115g of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 1wt%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40min to obtain mixed dispersion liquid; adding 65 mu L glutaraldehyde into the mixed dispersion liquid, and then carrying out suction filtration on the mixture to a hydrophilic filter membrane to obtain a CNTs/CB@PVA membrane; immersing a CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1.2mol/L for chemical crosslinking reaction at the temperature of 20 ℃ for 2 hours, and then constructing 5 convection pore canals on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film, wherein the size of the convection pore canals is 0.3mm, thus obtaining the convection type solar interface evaporator.
Example 4
Dispersing 2.0g of carbon nano tube and 0.3g of carbon black in 10g of polyvinyl alcohol solution with concentration of 2wt%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40min to obtain mixed dispersion liquid; 70 mu L of glutaraldehyde is added into the mixed dispersion liquid, and then suction filtration is carried out on the mixture to a hydrophilic filter membrane, thus obtaining a CNTs/CB@PVA membrane; immersing a CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1.0mol/L for chemical crosslinking reaction, wherein the temperature of the chemical crosslinking reaction is 30 ℃, the time is 1h, and then constructing 9 convection pore channels on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film, wherein the size of the convection pore channels is 0.6mm, so that the convection type solar interface evaporator can be obtained.
Example 5
Dispersing 1.0g of carbon nano tube and 0.2g of carbon black in 9g of polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 1.5wt%, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min to obtain mixed dispersion liquid; adding 50 mu L of glutaraldehyde into the mixed dispersion liquid, and then performing suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a CNTs/CB@PVA film; immersing a CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1.5mol/L for chemical crosslinking reaction, wherein the temperature of the chemical crosslinking reaction is 28 ℃, the time is 1.5 hours, and then constructing 5 convection pore canals on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film, wherein the size of the convection pore canals is 0.5mm, thus obtaining the convection type solar interface evaporator.
Comparative example 1: the difference from example 1 was that no carbon black was added and the other conditions were the same, and a solar interfacial evaporator was prepared and designated CP.
Comparative example 2: the difference from example 1 is that no convection channel was constructed, and the other conditions were the same, to prepare a solar interfacial evaporator.
Comparative example 3: dispersing 0.25g of carbon nano tube and 0.1g of carbon black in 8.115g of deionized water, and then performing suction filtration on the mixture to obtain a CNTs/CB membrane; and then constructing 9 convection pore canals on the surface of the CNTs/CB film, wherein the size of the convection pore canals is 0.5mm, and the convection type solar interface evaporator can be obtained.
Performance testing
(1) Surface wettability measurement: when 5. Mu.L of deionized water was dropped onto the surface of the convection type solar interfacial evaporator prepared in example 1, it can be seen from FIG. 2a that the initial water contact angle was 42.8, indicating that the interfacial evaporator had hydrophilicity. Chemical composition analysis of the convection solar interface evaporator prepared in example 1 using a fourier transform infrared spectrometer clearly observed a broad peak in the range of 3700cm -1～2900cm-1 due to the stretching vibration of the-OH groups, which further explains the hydrophilicity of the solar interface evaporator (see fig. 2b for details).
(2) Light absorption capacity measurement: the light absorption capacities of the convection type solar interfacial evaporator prepared in example 1 and the interfacial evaporator prepared in comparative example 1 were measured in a solar light range of 250nm to 2500nm using an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer. As can be seen from fig. 3: the convection solar interface evaporator of example 1 achieves about 95% broadband light absorption throughout the solar spectrum, which facilitates subsequent photothermal conversion and solar vapor generation. The broadband light absorptivity (about 90%) of the CP of comparative example 1 is lower than that of example 1 because the carbon nanotubes can expand the light propagation path, improve the light absorptivity of the interfacial evaporator, and the carbon black has excellent thermal conductivity and uv stability, and the carbon nanotubes and carbon black cooperate to improve the light absorptivity of the interfacial evaporator as a whole.
The temperature change of the surface of the convection type interfacial evaporator prepared in example 1 was monitored using a thermal infrared imager, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the surface temperature of the wetted interfacial evaporator was 42.6 deg.c at 1.0 solar light intensity (1.0 kw·m -2). At 2.0 solar light intensities (2.0 kW.m -2), the dry interface evaporator temperature was increased from the initial 19.1℃to the final 108.1 ℃. Under the same irradiation conditions, the wetted interfacial evaporator surface temperature rose from the initial 21.7 ℃ to 48.4 ℃ in 10 minutes, eventually reaching 51.0 ℃. Therefore, the interface evaporator has excellent photo-thermal performance and thermal management capability, and is beneficial to the sea water desalination and the evaporation process of high-salt wastewater.
(3) Evaporation rate determination: the convection type solar interface evaporators of examples 1 to 5 and the solar interface evaporator of comparative example 1 were placed on a heat-insulating polystyrene foam with a water transport layer, and a solar illumination system with an am1.5g spectrum filter was fabricated as a solar evaporation device. During the evaporation experiment, the mass change was recorded in real time using an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.0001g, and the relevant data was uploaded to a computer connected to the electronic balance. Monitoring the surface temperature of the evaporator by using a thermal infrared imager, and calculating the evaporation rate of the evaporation device by the formula (1):
v is the evaporation rate of water (kg.m -2·h-1), m is the evaporation mass of water (kg), S is the evaporator surface area (m 2), and t is the time (h).
(4) Mineralization resistance test: when the solar interface evaporator prepared in example2 is used for treating sodium chloride solution or mixed solution of calcium sulfate and sodium chloride, evaporation rate and mineralization are shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from fig. 5: when the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 3.5wt% and 5.0wt% respectively, the evaporation rates corresponding to the solar interface evaporators under 2.0 solar lights are 2.62+/-0.09 kg-m -2·h-1 and 2.39+/-0.05 kg-m -2·h-1 (see figure 5 a), and no salt crystals are precipitated on the surfaces of the solar interface evaporators (see figure 5 b); when the concentration of the sodium chloride solution was 10.0wt%, only a small amount of salt appeared at the edge (see fig. 5 a), but the evaporation rate remained stable (2.30±0.02kg·m -2·h-1) (see fig. 5 b), indicating that the prepared convection evaporator had excellent salt stability. When treating a mixed solution of calcium sulfate and sodium chloride, it can be seen from fig. 5 c and d: the scaling phenomenon on the surface of the solar interface evaporator is obviously reduced compared with the planar mode (see figure 7), when the concentration of the sodium chloride solution in the mixed solution is 3.5wt% +the concentration of the calcium sulfate solution is 20 mmol.L -1, the evaporation rate is stabilized at 2.73+/-0.06 kg.m -2·h-1, and when the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 5.0wt% +the concentration of the calcium sulfate solution is 20 mmol.L -1, the evaporation rate is stabilized at 2.51+/-0.08 kg.m -2·h-1. However, when the NaCl concentration was increased to 10.0 wt.% + with the calcium sulfate solution concentration of 20 mmol.L -1, since the moisture was transported to the evaporator surface through the vertical convection passage and diffused toward the boundary edge, naCl crystallized at the end of the evaporator after evaporation, resulting in a decrease in the evaporation rate from 2.23 kg.m -2·h-1 to 1.74 kg.m -2·h-1.
Using the solar interfacial evaporator prepared in example 1 (convection channel design of 3×3, 9 holes, even distribution), when treating a mixed solution of sodium chloride and calcium sulfate, it can be seen from fig. 6a, b: under 2.0 sun lights, when the concentration of the mixed solution is respectively 3.5wt% of sodium chloride solution, 20 mmol.L -1 of calcium sulfate solution, 5.0wt% of sodium chloride solution, 20 mmol.L -1 of calcium sulfate solution and 10.0wt% of sodium chloride solution, 20 mmol.L -1 of calcium sulfate solution, the evaporation rates are respectively 2.94+/-0.13 kg.m -2·h-1、2.60±0.08kg·m-2·h-1 and 2.43+/-0.08 kg.m -2·h-1. This indicates that: and as convection channels are increased, the heat and mass transfer coefficient of the interface evaporator is improved, and the temperature polarization and concentration polarization of the surface of the interface evaporator in the evaporation process are further reduced. In addition, the higher convection velocity shortens the hydraulic residence time of the calcium sulfate at the interface evaporator surface, resulting in difficulty in nucleation of the calcium sulfate at the interface. At the same time, the existence of convection effect accelerates the fluid exchange, and avoids the deposition of NaCl crystals on the surface of the evaporator by continuously diluting the high salinity of the interface.
By adopting the convection mode, the influence of mineralization of inorganic salt on the evaporation performance of the evaporator can be slowed down to a certain extent.
The CNTs/CB@PVA solar interface evaporator is prepared through simple suction filtration and chemical crosslinking reaction, and a convection channel is designed to accelerate the exchange between the interface and the water environment, so that the inhibition degree of inorganic salt mineralization on evaporation performance, especially NaCl crystallization, is reduced. Experiments have shown that the design of the different convection channels (5-and 9-holes) reduces the negative effect of inorganic salt scaling on evaporation performance by strong convection effects and redissolves the NaCl crystals into the bulk water.
As can be seen from fig. 8, in the preparation of the interfacial evaporator of example 1, the carbon nanotubes and the carbon black can be tightly nested on the interfacial evaporator by adding the polyvinyl alcohol and then by the chemical crosslinking reaction, so that the carbon nanotubes and the carbon black in the interfacial evaporator can be ensured not to permeate into the raw water, so that the interfacial evaporator has significant stability, while the carbon black and the carbon nanotubes in the interfacial evaporator prepared in comparative example 3 can permeate into the raw water without adding the polyvinyl alcohol, so that the stability of the interfacial evaporator is poor.
The convection type interface evaporator prepared by the method has remarkable stability, and by constructing convection pore channels on the interface evaporator, calcium sulfate can be prevented from nucleating on the surface of the interface evaporator, and along with the increase of the concentration of sodium chloride, only a small amount of crystals are formed at the edge of the interface evaporator. Therefore, the convection type interface evaporator prepared by the invention can relieve the mineralization of inorganic salt in the sea water desalting process, and has wide application prospect.
As can be seen from the above examples, the present invention provides a method for preparing a convection type solar energy interface evaporator, which comprises dispersing carbon nanotubes and carbon black in polyvinyl alcohol solution for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed dispersion; then glutaraldehyde is added into the mixed dispersion liquid, and suction filtration is carried out to obtain a CNTs/CB@PVA film; and finally, soaking the CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution for chemical crosslinking reaction, and constructing convection pore channels on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film to obtain the convection type solar interface evaporator. The construction of the convection channel strengthens the mass transfer of water and relieves the obstruction of inorganic salt mineralization to evaporation performance.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the convection type solar energy interface evaporator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Dispersing carbon nano tubes and carbon black in a polyvinyl alcohol solution for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed dispersion liquid;
(2) Glutaraldehyde is added into the mixed dispersion liquid, and then suction filtration is carried out to obtain a CNTs/CB@PVA film;
(3) Immersing a CNTs/CB@PVA film in a hydrochloric acid solution for chemical crosslinking reaction, and constructing a convection pore canal on the surface of the CNTs/CB@PVA film to obtain a convection type solar interface evaporator;
The mass volume ratio of the carbon nano tube to the carbon black to the polyvinyl alcohol solution to the glutaraldehyde is 0.25-2.0 g:0.05 to 0.3g: 7-10 g: 50-80 mu L;
in the step (3), the size of the convection duct is 0.3-0.6 mm;
the number of the convection channels is 5-9.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution in the step (1) is 0.5 to 2wt%.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 20 to 40 minutes.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the step (3), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1.0 to 1.5mol/L.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the chemical crosslinking reaction is carried out at a temperature of 20 to 30℃for a period of 1 to 2 hours.
6. A convection solar interface evaporator made by the method of any of claims 1-5.
7. The use of the convection solar energy interfacial evaporator of claim 6 in desalination of sea water and high salt wastewater.
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