CN115710033A - All-weather seawater desalination material, preparation method and application - Google Patents

All-weather seawater desalination material, preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN115710033A
CN115710033A CN202211429359.1A CN202211429359A CN115710033A CN 115710033 A CN115710033 A CN 115710033A CN 202211429359 A CN202211429359 A CN 202211429359A CN 115710033 A CN115710033 A CN 115710033A
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phase change
weather
film layer
seawater desalination
layer
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牛冉
任佳欣
龚江
陈玲
冯凯
张心乐
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Abstract

The invention discloses an all-weather seawater desalination material, a preparation method and application. The all-weather seawater desalination material comprises a first hydrophilic film layer, a hydrogel layer and a second hydrophilic film layer which are sequentially attached from top to bottom, wherein the first hydrophilic film layer is a fiber fabric with photo-thermal nano-particles formed on the surface, microcapsule phase change materials are uniformly distributed in the hydrogel layer, and the second hydrophilic film layer is a fiber fabric or a fiber fabric with photo-thermal nano-particles formed on the surface. The invention uses the excellent water gel material, the microcapsule phase change material and the fiber fabric with photo-thermal nano particles formed on the surface to form the material which can realize all-weather sea water desalination, and solves the technical problem that the existing water evaporation technology strongly depends on the limitation of sunlight.

Description

All-weather seawater desalination material, preparation method and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination materials, and particularly relates to an all-weather seawater desalination material, a preparation method and application.
Background
Along with the development of social economy, the human demand for energy is more and more, and due to the shortage of global energy, sustainable and environment-friendly renewable energy is favored by people. Solar energy plays an important role in the field of energy as the sustainable renewable energy with the greatest development prospect. Therefore, the effective utilization of solar energy is the key to solve the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution. At present, the methods of using solar energy can be divided into three categories: photoelectric conversion, photochemical conversion, and photothermal conversion. Among them, photothermal conversion, i.e., conversion of light energy into heat energy, is the most direct and most simple and efficient way to use solar energy. The solar energy is utilized to generate steam, the energy in the sunlight can be directly converted into heat to promote the evaporation of water, therefore, the method has great application potential in the aspects of energy conversion, seawater desalination, sewage treatment, liquid-liquid separation, disinfection, sanitary systems and the like. The excellent photothermal conversion material can efficiently utilize solar energy such as semiconductors, conjugated polymers, noble metal particles, carbon materials, and the like. On one hand, the heat converted by the photo-thermal material in the daytime cannot be fully utilized, and certain waste is caused. On the other hand, the characteristics of the east-rising west of the sun cause the defects of instability, intermittence and the like in the utilization of solar energy, and the utilization rate of the solar energy is greatly reduced. Therefore, safe and reliable energy storage technology is needed to support.
The phase-change material releases or absorbs latent heat in the phase-change process to deal with the change of the environmental temperature, thereby achieving the regulation effect on the local environmental temperature. When the temperature is high, the phase-change material absorbs heat to melt and stores heat; when the external temperature is reduced, the phase-change material releases heat and condenses, and releases heat, so that the temperature of the object is kept relatively stable. However, the conventional phase change materials have problems of leakage, phase separation, corrosiveness and the like, thereby severely limiting the use of the materials. Therefore, how to effectively utilize the heat storage and release performance of the phase-change material and improve the efficiency of seawater desalination and sewage treatment becomes a problem which needs to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides an all-weather seawater desalination material, a preparation method and application, and aims to form the material capable of realizing all-weather seawater desalination by utilizing a hydrogel material with excellent cooperativity, a microcapsule phase change material and a fiber fabric with photo-thermal nano particles formed on the surface, thereby solving the technical problem of the limitation that the existing water evaporation technology strongly depends on sunlight.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an all-weather seawater desalination material, comprising a first hydrophilic film layer, a hydrogel layer and a second hydrophilic film layer sequentially laminated from top to bottom, wherein the first hydrophilic film layer is a fiber fabric with photo-thermal nanoparticles formed on the surface, the hydrogel layer is uniformly distributed with microcapsule phase change materials, and the second hydrophilic film layer is a fiber fabric or a fiber fabric with photo-thermal nanoparticles formed on the surface.
Preferably, the microcapsule phase change material comprises an inner core and an outer shell, wherein the inner core is a phase change material, the outer shell is a polymer wall material, the phase change material is an inorganic phase change material, an organic phase change material or an organic-inorganic mixed phase change material, the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 0-80 ℃, and the mass ratio of the phase change material to the polymer wall material in the microcapsule phase change material is 3:7-7:3. Preferably, the microcapsule phase change material has a particle size of 1 to 200 μm.
Preferably, the thickness of hydrogel layer is 2um-20mm, for example 10um, 20um, 40um, 100um, 500um, 1mm, 5mm, 10mm or 20mm, can specifically make coating or the sample piece of different shapes and thickness according to the operating mode demand.
Preferably, the phase change material is at least one of paraffin, dodecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, methyl laurate, n-decanol, neopentyl glycol or polyethylene glycol; the polymer wall material is at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, melamine-formaldehyde, polysiloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, toluene diisocyanate, melamine resin or polyurea.
Preferably, the matrix material of the hydrogel layer is a hydrophilic polymer material, and preferably, the matrix material of the hydrogel layer is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, gelatin and sodium alginate.
Preferably, the photothermal nanoparticles are at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black or a light absorbing material, wherein the light absorbing material is at least one of manganese dioxide, polypyrrole and polydopamine; preferably, the thickness of the first hydrophilic membrane layer and the second hydrophilic membrane layer is 0.02-5mm.
Preferably, the fiber fabric is a hydrophilic fabric such as silk, cotton, hemp, etc.; the fiber fabric comprises any one of woven fabric, knitted fabric and non-woven fabric.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of an all-weather seawater desalination material is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the microcapsule phase change material with a hydrophilic polymer material, a cross-linking agent and water, and carrying out a cross-linking reaction to obtain a hydrogel layer;
(2) Forming photo-thermal nano particles on the fiber fabric by a spraying method or an in-situ growth method to obtain a first hydrophilic film layer and a second hydrophilic film layer;
(3) And (3) attaching the first hydrophilic film layer and the second hydrophilic film layer to two sides of the hydrogel layer in a pressing mode, and standing to obtain the all-weather seawater desalination material.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of an all-weather seawater desalination material is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the microcapsule phase change material with a hydrophilic polymer material, a cross-linking agent and water, and carrying out a cross-linking reaction to obtain a hydrogel layer;
(2) Forming photo-thermal nano particles on the fiber fabric by a spraying method or an in-situ growth method to obtain a first hydrophilic film layer;
(3) And (3) attaching a first hydrophilic film layer and a second hydrophilic film layer to two sides of the hydrogel layer in a pressing mode, and standing to obtain the all-weather seawater desalination material, wherein the second hydrophilic film layer is a fiber fabric.
The preparation process of the microcapsule phase change material is the prior art and can be prepared by adopting an in-situ polymerization method, an interfacial polycondensation method or a sol-gel method.
Preferably, the step (1) is: and uniformly mixing 15-75 parts of hydrophilic polymer material, 25-75 parts of microcapsule phase change material, 1-35 parts of cross-linking agent and 30-160 parts of water, cross-linking, and standing to obtain the hydrogel layer. Wherein the cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde, hydrochloric acid, tannic acid or a photocross-linking agent.
Preferably, the temperature of the crosslinking reaction in the step (1) is 5-50 ℃, and the time of the crosslinking reaction is 1 minute-1 hour.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of an all-weather seawater desalination material for all-weather seawater desalination or sewage purification by placing said all-weather seawater desalination material on a polystyrene foam material such that the second hydrophilic membrane layer is placed in water and the first hydrophilic membrane and hydrogel layer float on the water surface. The polystyrene foam has functions of floating and heat insulation.
In general, at least the following advantages can be obtained by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention compared to the prior art.
(1) The photo-thermal material with the sandwich structure is formed by the hydrogel material with excellent cooperativity, the microcapsule phase change material and the fiber fabric with the photo-thermal nano particles formed on the surface. Under strong sunlight, the heat of photo-thermal conversion is used for water evaporation and phase change energy storage; when sunlight is weak in cloudy days or at the evening, the phase change material releases heat to ensure continuous water evaporation, so that seawater or sewage can be effectively desalinated all day long. In addition, the shaping function of the hydrogel ensures the sufficient filling amount of the phase-change material and the hydrophilicity of the intermediate layer, thereby achieving excellent sunlight utilization efficiency and water evaporation capacity.
(2) In the invention, a polymer wall material is selected as the shell of the microcapsule phase change material. Because most of the high molecular materials have poor hydrophilicity, the hydrophilicity and water transmission of the middle layer are realized by the hydrogel sandwiched between the microcapsules. The microcapsule phase change material can effectively prevent the leakage of the phase change material and the volume change caused by phase change, realize the improvement of the temperature control and the heat release stability in the material, and simultaneously avoid the blockage of the phase change process to a water transmission channel and a steam escape channel. When the temperature is high, the phase-change material absorbs heat and stores the heat; when the external temperature is reduced, the phase-change material releases heat, and releases heat, so that the temperature of the object is kept relatively stable.
(3) In the invention, the proportion of each component in the hydrogel layer is strictly controlled, and the crosslinking time is strictly controlled, so that the hydrogel layer keeps certain viscosity at a low crosslinking degree, and the first hydrophilic film layer and the second hydrophilic film layer can be effectively attached to the hydrogel layer without falling off.
(4) The second hydrophilic film layer can only adopt fiber fabrics, and the fiber fabrics can meet the requirement of high water absorption performance because the second hydrophilic film layer is contacted with water to play a role in water guiding in the application process. The second hydrophilic film layer can also adopt fiber fabric with photo-thermal nano particles formed on the surface, and the advantage is that no distinction needs to be made between which layer should be placed on the water surface in the application process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an embodiment 1 of the present invention showing an all-weather seawater desalination material;
FIG. 2 (a) is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a photothermal fiber material according to example 2 of the present invention, and FIG. 2 (b) is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2 (a);
FIG. 3 (a) is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a hydrogel material according to example 3 of the present invention; fig. 3 (b) is a partially enlarged view of fig. 3 (a);
FIG. 4 is a differential scanning calorimetry plot of a microencapsulated phase change material prepared in accordance with example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows that the thickness of the all-weather seawater desalination material of example 5 of the present invention is 1kW m compared with the conventional film material -2 A temperature rise-cooling curve chart under the irradiation of a xenon lamp;
FIG. 6 shows that the all-weather seawater desalination material of example 6 of the present invention has a volume of 1kW m compared with the conventional film material -2 Infrared thermal imaging photo pictures at different moments under the irradiation of a xenon lamp;
FIG. 7 shows that the all-weather seawater desalination material of embodiment 7 of the present invention has a power of 1kW m -2 And (3) a water mass loss chart in 1 hour in the seawater desalination process under the irradiation of a xenon lamp.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The phase-change microcapsule is prepared by taking dodecanol as a core material and Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,3-propane diamine as wall material monomers through an interfacial polymerization method.
Uniformly mixing 40 parts by weight of microencapsulated phase change agent, 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 parts by weight of glutaraldehyde, 6 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 80 parts by weight of water, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene die, crosslinking for 30 minutes at room temperature, and demolding to obtain a 10 mm-thick hydrogel layer.
2g of the fiber fabric was soaked in 30mL of 1mol L -1 And (3) reacting in a potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, washing with water and ethanol, and drying to obtain the manganese dioxide modified photo-thermal fiber material.
And lightly pressing the prepared hydrophilic photo-thermal layer on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and performing vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material.
Example 2
The phase-change microcapsule is prepared by taking a mixture of n-hexadecane and paraffin 1:1 as a core material and polyurea as a wall material through an interfacial polymerization method.
Uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of microencapsulated phase change agent, 25 parts by weight of gelatin, 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 80 parts by weight of water, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene mold, crosslinking for 30 minutes at room temperature, and demolding to obtain a hydrogel layer with the thickness of 5mm.
2g of the fiber fabric was soaked in 30mL of 1mol L -1 Reacting in potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, washing with water and ethanol, and drying to obtain manganese dioxide modified photothermal fiberA material.
And lightly pressing the prepared hydrophilic photo-thermal layer on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and performing vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material.
As can be seen from (a) and (b) of fig. 2, manganese dioxide nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the fiber surface, increasing the light absorption and photothermal conversion properties of the fiber material.
Example 3
By adopting an in-situ polymerization method, the microcapsule phase change material with smooth surface and uniform particle size is prepared by taking n-octadecane as a core material, melamine resin as a wall material and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as an emulsifier under the action of high-speed emulsification.
Uniformly mixing 60 parts of microcapsule phase change material, 75 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts of glutaraldehyde, 9 parts of hydrochloric acid and 80 parts of water, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene die, crosslinking for 30 minutes at room temperature, and demolding to obtain a hydrogel layer with the thickness of 20mm.
2g of the fiber fabric was soaked in 30mL of 1mol L -1 And (3) reacting in a potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, washing with water and ethanol, and drying to obtain the manganese dioxide modified photo-thermal fiber material.
And lightly pressing the prepared hydrophilic photo-thermal layer on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material. As can be seen from fig. 3 (a) and (b), 1-5 μm phase-change microcapsules are uniformly dispersed in the hydrogel material.
Example 4
Using paraffin as core material and silicon dioxide (SiO) 2 ) The microencapsulated paraffin phase-change agent is used as a wall material and prepared by an in-situ interfacial polycondensation method.
Uniformly mixing 40 parts by weight of microencapsulated paraffin phase change agent, 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 parts by weight of glutaraldehyde, 6 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 160 parts by weight of water, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene die, crosslinking for 30 minutes at room temperature, and demolding to obtain a 10 mm-thick hydrogel layer.
Uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of carbon nanotubes, 1 part by weight of glutaraldehyde and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, and ultrasonically dispersing for 15 minutes. And then spraying the obtained solution on a fiber fabric, and finally carrying out cross-linking fixation by using 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid to obtain the photo-thermal fiber material.
And lightly pressing the prepared hydrophilic photo-thermal layer on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the endothermic phase transition temperature of the microcapsules is 38.34 ℃ and the exothermic peak temperature is 32.35 ℃.
Example 5
The microencapsulated paraffin phase change agent is prepared by taking paraffin as a core material and a copolymer of styrene and methyl methacrylate as a wall material by adopting an emulsion polymerization method.
Uniformly mixing 40 parts of microencapsulated paraffin phase change agent, 50 parts of sodium alginate, 5 parts of calcium chloride and 80 parts of water, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene mold, crosslinking for 20 minutes at room temperature, and demolding to obtain a 10 mm-thick hydrogel layer.
Uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of polypyrrole, 1 part by weight of glutaraldehyde and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, and ultrasonically dispersing for 15 minutes. And spraying the obtained solution on a fiber fabric, and finally carrying out cross-linking fixation by using 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid to obtain the photo-thermal fiber material.
And lightly pressing the prepared hydrophilic photo-thermal layer on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material. As can be seen from fig. 5, the photothermal + phase change composite material in this embodiment reaches the same temperature as the pure photothermal material under the irradiation of sunlight; after lamp shut down, the phase change material exothermed causing the composite material to decrease in temperature more slowly and a plateau appeared.
Example 6
The phase-change microcapsule is prepared by an interfacial polymerization method by taking a mixture of paraffin and n-octadecane 1:1 as a core material and Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,3-propane diamine as wall material monomers.
Uniformly mixing 40 parts by weight of microencapsulated paraffin phase change agent, 50 parts by weight of polyacrylic acid and 80 parts by weight of water, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene mold, performing room-temperature photo-crosslinking for 10 minutes, and demolding to obtain a 10 mm-thick hydrogel layer.
Uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of polypyrrole, 1 part by weight of glutaraldehyde and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, and ultrasonically dispersing for 15 minutes. And then spraying the obtained solution on a fiber fabric, and finally carrying out cross-linking fixation by using 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid to obtain the photo-thermal fiber material.
And lightly pressing the prepared hydrophilic photo-thermal layer on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material. As can be seen from fig. 6, the photothermal + phase change composite material and the pure photothermal material reached the same temperature within 60 minutes after the lamp was turned on; after the lamp is turned off for 10 minutes (namely 70 minutes), the surface temperature of the photo-thermal + phase-change composite material is 3 ℃ higher than that of a pure photo-thermal material.
Example 7
Taking n-octadecane as a core material and melamine-formaldehyde polymer as a shell material, and adopting an in-situ polymerization method to synthesize the phase-change microcapsule.
First, 14.13 g of melamine powder, 23.30 g of formaldehyde solution (37 wt%) and 50 ml of deionized water were mixed in a three-necked flask. Regulating the pH value of a reaction system to 8.5 by using triethanolamine, then keeping the reaction at 70 ℃, and stirring for 60min to obtain the melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer. Next, 230 g of n-octadecane and 280 g of a styrene-sodium maleic anhydride copolymer solution (4.26 wt%) were emulsified with a high-speed mixer at 9000 rpm for 45min at 60 ℃ to obtain a stable and uniform emulsion. The pH of the emulsion mixture was adjusted to around 4.0 with citric acid. Thereafter, the melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer was added dropwise to the emulsion prepared, with mechanical stirring, at a rate of 500 rpm, for 30 minutes. After the addition, the reaction temperature was raised to 90 ℃ and maintained for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature to give a phase change microcapsule dispersion. Wherein the pH of the mixture is adjusted to about 4.0 with citric acid. Then, the droplets were added to the prepared emulsion under mechanical stirring.
Uniformly mixing 80 parts of microencapsulated phase change agent, 100 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 4 parts of glutaraldehyde, 10 parts of hydrochloric acid and 160 parts of water by weight, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene die, crosslinking for 30 minutes at room temperature, and demolding to obtain a hydrogel layer with the thickness of 20mm.
Soaking 2g of fiber fabric in 30 parts by weight of pyrrole monomer solution, adding 5 parts by weight of ferric chloride solution, reacting for 60 minutes, washing with water and ethanol, and drying to obtain the polypyrrole modified photothermal fiber material.
And lightly pressing the prepared hydrophilic photo-thermal layer on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material. As can be seen from FIG. 7, under 1 sun light irradiation, the composite material can reach 2.7kg m - 2 h -1 The evaporation rate of (2) is 4.5 times that of pure water. After the lamp is turned off, the composite material can still keep 0.86kg m -2 h -1 The evaporation rate of (c).
Example 8
The phase-change microcapsule is prepared by taking a mixture of paraffin and dodecanol 3:1 as a core material and Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,3-propane diamine as wall material monomers through an interfacial polymerization method.
Uniformly mixing 40 parts of microencapsulated phase change agent, 50 parts of gelatin, 2 parts of glutaraldehyde, 5 parts of hydrochloric acid and 80 parts of water, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene die, crosslinking for 30 minutes at room temperature, and demolding to obtain a 10 mm-thick hydrogel layer.
Uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of graphene, 1 part by weight of glutaraldehyde and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, and ultrasonically dispersing for 15 minutes. And then spraying the obtained solution on a fiber fabric, and finally carrying out cross-linking fixation by using 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid to obtain the photo-thermal fiber material.
And lightly pressing the prepared hydrophilic photo-thermal layer on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material.
Example 9
The phase-change microcapsule is prepared by taking the mixture of paraffin and dodecanol 1:1 as a core material and Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,3-propane diamine as wall material monomers through an interfacial polymerization method.
Uniformly mixing 80 parts of microencapsulated phase change agent, 100 parts of gelatin, 10 parts of hydrochloric acid and 160 parts of water, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene mold, crosslinking for 30 minutes at room temperature, and demolding to obtain a hydrogel layer with the thickness of 20mm.
Uniformly mixing 20 parts by weight of manganese dioxide, 1 part by weight of glutaraldehyde and 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, and ultrasonically dispersing for 15 minutes. And then spraying the obtained solution on a fiber fabric, and finally carrying out cross-linking fixation by using 3 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid to obtain the photo-thermal fiber material.
And lightly pressing the prepared hydrophilic photo-thermal layer on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and performing vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material.
Example 10
In this example, the same method as that used in example 1 was used to prepare an all-weather seawater desalination material, except that in this example, the hydrophilic photothermal layer was used as the first hydrophilic film layer, and the second hydrophilic film layer was only a fiber fabric.
The phase-change microcapsule is prepared by taking dodecanol as a core material and Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,3-propane diamine as wall material monomers through an interfacial polymerization method.
Uniformly mixing 40 parts by weight of microencapsulated phase change agent, 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 parts by weight of glutaraldehyde, 6 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid and 80 parts by weight of water, putting the mixture into a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene die, crosslinking for 30 minutes at room temperature, and demolding to obtain a 10 mm-thick hydrogel layer.
2g of the fiber fabric was soaked in 30mL of 1mol L -1 And reacting in a potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, washing with water and ethanol, and drying to obtain the manganese dioxide modified photo-thermal fiber material.
And lightly pressing the prepared manganese dioxide modified hydrophilic fiber photothermal layer and unmodified hydrophilic fibers on two sides of the hydrogel material layer, standing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to form the all-weather seawater desalination material.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example and example 1 were carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the crosslinking time was 2 hours. Over time, the hydrophilic photothermal layer could not be bonded to the hydrogel material layer due to too high a degree of crosslinking.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The all-weather seawater desalination material is characterized by comprising a first hydrophilic film layer, a hydrogel layer and a second hydrophilic film layer which are sequentially attached from top to bottom, wherein the first hydrophilic film layer is a fiber fabric with photo-thermal nano particles formed on the surface, microcapsule phase change materials are uniformly distributed in the hydrogel layer, and the second hydrophilic film layer is a fiber fabric or a fiber fabric with photo-thermal nano particles formed on the surface.
2. The all-weather seawater desalination material of claim 1, wherein the microcapsule phase change material comprises an inner core and an outer shell, the inner core is a phase change material, the outer shell is a polymer wall material, the phase change material is an inorganic phase change material, an organic phase change material or an organic-inorganic mixed phase change material, the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 0-80 ℃, and the mass ratio of the phase change material to the polymer wall material in the microcapsule phase change material is 3:7-7:3.
3. The all-weather seawater desalination material of claim 2, wherein the phase change material is at least one of paraffin, dodecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, methyl laurate, n-decanol, neopentyl glycol or polyethylene glycol; the polymer wall material is at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, melamine-formaldehyde, polysiloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, toluene diisocyanate, melamine resin or polyurea.
4. The all-weather seawater desalination material of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the matrix material of the hydrogel layer is a hydrophilic polymer material, preferably the matrix material of the hydrogel layer is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, gelatin, and sodium alginate.
5. The all-weather seawater desalination material of claim 1, wherein the photo-thermal nanoparticles are at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black or light absorbing material, wherein the light absorbing material is at least one of manganese dioxide, polypyrrole, polydopamine; the fiber fabric is a hydrophilic fabric; preferably, the thickness of the first hydrophilic film layer and the second hydrophilic film layer is 0.02-5mm; the thickness of the hydrogel layer is 2um-20mm.
6. A method for preparing the all-weather seawater desalination material as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the microcapsule phase change material with a hydrophilic polymer material, a cross-linking agent and water, and carrying out a cross-linking reaction to obtain a hydrogel layer;
(2) Forming photo-thermal nano particles on the fiber fabric by a spraying method or an in-situ growth method to obtain a first hydrophilic film layer and a second hydrophilic film layer;
(3) And (3) attaching the first hydrophilic film layer and the second hydrophilic film layer to two sides of the hydrogel layer in a pressing mode, and standing to obtain the all-weather seawater desalination material.
7. A method for preparing the all-weather seawater desalination material as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the microcapsule phase change material, a hydrophilic polymer material, a cross-linking agent and water, and then carrying out a cross-linking reaction to obtain a hydrogel layer;
(2) Forming photo-thermal nano particles on the fiber fabric by a spraying method or an in-situ growth method to obtain a first hydrophilic film layer;
(3) And (3) attaching a first hydrophilic film layer and a second hydrophilic film layer to two sides of the hydrogel layer in a pressing mode, and standing to obtain the all-weather seawater desalination material, wherein the second hydrophilic film layer is a fiber fabric.
8. The production method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the step (1) is: uniformly mixing 15-75 parts of hydrophilic polymer material, 25-75 parts of microcapsule phase change material, 1-35 parts of cross-linking agent and 30-160 parts of water, and cross-linking to obtain a hydrogel layer; preferably, the crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde, hydrochloric acid, tannic acid, or a photocrosslinking agent.
9. The production method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the temperature of the crosslinking reaction in the step (1) is 5 to 50 ℃ and the time of the crosslinking reaction is 1 minute to 1 hour.
10. Use of the all weather seawater desalination material of any one of claims 1 to 5 for all weather seawater desalination or wastewater purification by placing said all weather seawater desalination material in seawater or wastewater and supporting it with a foam material such that the second hydrophilic membrane layer is placed in the water and the intermediate layer and the first hydrophilic membrane layer float on the water surface.
CN202211429359.1A 2022-11-15 2022-11-15 All-weather seawater desalination material, preparation method and application Pending CN115710033A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117164045A (en) * 2023-07-21 2023-12-05 大连海事大学 Convection type solar interface evaporator and preparation method and application thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117164045A (en) * 2023-07-21 2023-12-05 大连海事大学 Convection type solar interface evaporator and preparation method and application thereof
CN117164045B (en) * 2023-07-21 2024-04-30 大连海事大学 Convection type solar interface evaporator and preparation method and application thereof

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