CN112426734B - Thermoelectric-driven interface evaporation device - Google Patents
Thermoelectric-driven interface evaporation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112426734B CN112426734B CN202011395669.7A CN202011395669A CN112426734B CN 112426734 B CN112426734 B CN 112426734B CN 202011395669 A CN202011395669 A CN 202011395669A CN 112426734 B CN112426734 B CN 112426734B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0011—Heating features
- B01D1/0017—Use of electrical or wave energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention discloses a thermoelectric-driven interface evaporation device which comprises a thermoelectric structure, an interface evaporation structure and a steam collection structure. The thermoelectric structure comprises a thermoelectric porous floater and a power supply device, wherein the thermoelectric porous floater is made of thermoelectric materials, and loose pore circuits are distributed in the thermoelectric porous floater. According to the Peltier effect, the thermoelectric porous floater is electrified, and the upper end and the lower end of the thermoelectric porous floater respectively release heat and absorb heat; the upper end surface of the floater is heated under the combined action of joule heat and the Peltier effect, and the lower end surface recovers waste heat from the water body. The interface evaporation structure comprises a porous thermoelectric floater and hydrophilic fibers, and liquid water moves upwards from the hydrophilic fibers through holes to reach the upper end face of the porous thermoelectric floater and is heated and vaporized at the interface. The vapor collection structure includes a transparent cover plate and a water reservoir, vapor moves upward through the insulating layer, condenses to liquid water at the transparent cover plate and is collected in the water reservoir. The invention can be used for realizing seawater desalination or water purification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermoelectric driving interface evaporation device, in particular to a thermoelectric interface evaporation device used in the fields of energy, chemical engineering, environmental protection and the like.
Background
In solar driven evaporation systems without concentrating, such as typical solar distillers, heat generation occurs at the surface of the absorber, while steam generation occurs elsewhere in the system. This separation of heat and steam generation results in a temperature drop from heat generation to the evaporation surface, greatly increasing heat loss, and results in a relatively low evaporation efficiency in the solar still, only 30-45%.
In recent years, the publication proposes an interfacial evaporation technique to improve the thermal localization of the liquid surface and successfully achieve an evaporation efficiency of about 90%. The method selectively heats the interface of the water rather than the whole water body, thereby avoiding volume heating and reducing heat loss.
Peltier effect: when current passes through a loop formed by the P-type and N-type flexible thermoelectric materials, the heat absorption and heat release phenomena can respectively occur at the joint of the two materials along with the difference of the current directions except for generating irreversible joule heat.
The invention combines the thermoelectric technology and the interfacial evaporation technology and aims to develop a thermoelectric distillation device. The device can recycle low-quality heat energy in the water body, concentrates on the thermal interface of the thermoelectric floater, and heats liquid water on the interface together with the Joule heat of the thermoelectric material, so that the cop value of the device is greater than 1. Compared with the traditional solar interface evaporator, the solar interface evaporator is driven by electric energy, overcomes the environmental limitation and can be used in all weather;
compared with the prior invention (CN208087396U), the prior invention discloses that the semiconductor element is used for heating water, so that the water is evaporated, and the guide part is arranged at the upper part for collecting steam, the device of the application generates heat through the thermoelectric unit formed by combining P, N type semiconductors, increases the power, and transfers the water on the interface to the upper end surface of the floater for heating, thereby realizing the purpose of evaporating the water body of the heating part, namely the interface, and greatly improving the heat efficiency.
Because of these advantages, it is an object of the present invention to maximize the use of electrical energy using thermoelectric technology in combination with interfacial evaporation technology in a compact, self-contained and portable system.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the porous thermoelectric floater (1) is made of two thermoelectric materials (P-type and N-type semiconductor materials); the P-type (6) and N-type (8) semiconductor materials are attached to two sides of the insulating coating (9), and the end parts of the semiconductor materials are connected with the conductive coating (7) such as copper foil to form a thermoelectric unit; and coating insulating coatings on two outer side surfaces of the thermoelectric unit for insulating treatment. The thermoelectric units are connected through an insulating coating (9); the thermoelectric units are longitudinally arranged in the porous thermoelectric floater (1), namely, the thermoelectric units are arranged from the upper end surface to the lower end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), and a loose thermoelectric layer (12) is formed after the thermoelectric units are connected in series; the thermoelectric layers are arranged in the transverse direction, namely the thermoelectric layers are distributed in two directions which are vertical to the direction of the lower end surface of the upper end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater; the layers are mutually connected in parallel and are mutually separated by the through holes (10), and in order to make the structure more compact and stable, the structure is compressed longitudinally, namely from the upper end surface to the lower end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), the compression ratio is 2:1, namely the thickness after compression is half of that before compression, and the loose porous structure of the floater is formed after compression; the hydrophilic fibers (11) are made of textile materials such as wool and the like; the lower end of the hydrophilic fiber (11) is inserted into the water through the through hole (10), and the upper end is sandwiched between the upper end face of the porous thermoelectric float (1) and the heat insulating layer (2).
The porous thermoelectric floater (1) is made of light materials, and the floating evaporation structure can maximize the evaporation capacity of water; the hydrophobic layer (13) is attached under the lower end face of the porous thermoelectric float (1), making it difficult for the float to reduce heat exchange with water due to thermal convection.
The heat insulation layer (2) is made of transparent, heat-insulating and air-permeable materials such as aerogel, is positioned below the transparent cover plate (4) and is superposed on the upper end parts of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) and the hydrophilic fiber (11); the heat insulating layer (2) inhibits the heat convection of the device and the air, and reduces the heat loss.
The hydrophilic fiber (11) has strong adsorption effect on liquid water, and the liquid water can be transferred to the upper end face of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) through the hydrophilic fiber (11).
The transparent cover plate (4) is made of materials such as glass, the bottom of the transparent cover plate is coated with hydrophobic materials, and water vapor naturally falls off after being condensed into liquid water at the transparent cover plate (4) and is collected in the water storage device.
The periphery of the device is separated from the outside by the baffle (3), so that the escape of water vapor is avoided, and the heat exchange with the outside is reduced.
The power supply device (5) is an external power supply, leads out of holes arranged on the baffle (3) and is connected with the porous thermoelectric floater (1) through the leads.
In general, the float is designed as a porous thermoelectric float (1); based on the Peltier effect, the upper end face of the heat exchanger is designed into a hot end, and the lower end face of the heat exchanger is designed into a cold end; after being electrified, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) respectively release heat and absorb heat; the upper end surface is heated under the combined action of the Peltier effect and the Joule heat, and the lower end surface absorbs heat from the surrounding water body, so that the temperature is basically unchanged; a large temperature difference is formed between the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), the upper end surface is a hot end, and the lower end surface is a cold end; liquid water permeates to the upper end face of the floater from the hydrophilic fiber (11) through the through hole, and is heated and vaporized at the interface; the heat insulation layer (2) is used for reducing heat loss; the water vapor moves upwards through the heat insulating layer (2), and the water vapor is condensed and collected to realize water distillation.
The invention has the following advantages: the invention utilizes the Peltier effect and combines the Joule heat to heat the liquid water, thereby improving the heat efficiency and cop value; the invention can overcome the problem of low evaporation efficiency of the traditional thermoelectric evaporation device, and can be applied to the fields of seawater desalination, steam generation, water purification and the like; the invention can overcome the environmental limitation and is suitable for more occasions.
The invention improves a solar interface evaporation device, combines a thermoelectric technology, designs a floating evaporation structure floating on the water surface into a thermoelectric porous floater, builds a temperature gradient by using the Peltier effect, and heats and changes the phase of liquid water after the liquid water permeates to a thermal interface from hydrophilic fibers through holes. The invention improves the electric efficiency and the thermal efficiency and can work in all weather.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a perspective view of a thermoelectric driven interfacial evaporation device.
FIG. 2(a) is a thermoelectric minimum unit; fig. 2(b) is a partial top view of the thermoelectric float.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional three-dimensional view of the through-hole, and fig. 3 shows only a part of the hydrophilic fibers (11) in the through-hole (10) for the sake of simplicity and beauty, and virtually all the through-holes (10) are compounded with the hydrophilic fibers.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises a thermoelectric structure, an interface evaporation structure and a steam collection structure.
The thermoelectric structure comprises a porous thermoelectric floater (1) and a power supply device (5), and the porous thermoelectric floater (1) is made of two light thermoelectric materials (such as carbon nano tubes which absorb different elements and respectively show P type and N type) in specific implementation; the P-type (6) and N-type (8) materials are attached to two sides of the insulating coating (9), and the end parts of the P-type and N-type materials are connected with the conductive coating (7) such as copper foil to form a thermoelectric unit; and coating insulating coatings on two outer side surfaces of the thermoelectric unit for insulating treatment. The thermoelectric units are connected through an insulating coating (9); the thermoelectric units are longitudinally arranged in the porous thermoelectric floater (1), namely, the thermoelectric units are arranged from the upper end surface to the lower end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), and a loose thermoelectric layer (12) is formed after the thermoelectric units are connected in series; the thermoelectric layers are arranged in the transverse direction, namely the thermoelectric layers are distributed in two directions which are vertical to the direction of the lower end surface of the upper end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater; the layers are mutually connected in parallel and are mutually separated by the through holes (10), and in order to make the structure more compact and stable, the layers are compressed longitudinally, namely from the upper end surface to the lower end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), the compression ratio is 2:1, namely the thickness after compression is half of that before compression, and the loose porous structure of the floater is formed after compression.
The power supply device is an external power supply and supplies power to the porous thermoelectric floater (1) through a lead; according to the Peltier effect, when current passes through a loop formed by P-type and N-type semiconductor materials, in addition to irreversible Joule heat, heat absorption and heat release phenomena can respectively occur at the joint of the two materials along with the difference of current directions; by designing a loop, the upper end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) releases heat when in work, and the lower end surface absorbs heat; when the device works, part of the lower end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) is immersed in water, so that part of low-quality heat in the water body can be recovered and used as a cold end; meanwhile, the upper end face of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) is heated under the combined action of the Peltier effect and the Joule heat, and is rapidly heated to form a hot end; the upper end and the lower end of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) generate a large temperature difference, and a stable temperature gradient is formed in the porous thermoelectric floater; meanwhile, the heat insulation layer (2) is made of transparent, heat-insulating and air-permeable materials such as aerogel, is positioned below the transparent cover plate (4), and is superposed on the upper end parts of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) and the hydrophilic fiber (11); the heat insulating layer (2) inhibits the heat convection of the device and the air, and reduces the heat loss.
The interface evaporation structure comprises a porous thermoelectric floater (1) and hydrophilic fibers (11), and the lower end of the device, namely the lower end part of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), is immersed in water during specific implementation; the hydrophobic layer (13) is arranged below the lower end face of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), so that the porous thermoelectric floater (1) is difficult to reduce heat exchange with water due to thermal convection; the upper end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) is connected with the heat insulating layer (2) to further reduce heat loss; the lower end part of the hydrophilic fiber (11) is inserted into water through the through hole (10), and the upper end part is clamped between the upper end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) and the heat insulating layer (2); the hydrophilic fiber (11) has strong adsorption effect on liquid water, and when the device works, the liquid water moves upwards from the wicking effect through the through hole (10) and moves from the cold end to the hot end; the liquid water is heated in a centralized way at the hot end, namely the upper end surface of the floater, and the phase change is water vapor.
The steam collecting structure comprises a transparent cover plate (4) and a water accumulator, and during specific implementation, water steam passes through the heat insulating layer (2) to move upwards and is cooled and condensed at the transparent cover plate (4) made of glass; the bottom of the transparent cover plate (4) is coated with a hydrophobic material, and condensed liquid water naturally falls off and is collected in the water storage device.
The embodiments of the present invention are provided only for the understanding of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be modified and modified or replaced by similar structures, and that the modifications, modifications and replacements fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A thermoelectrically driven interface evaporation device comprises a porous thermoelectric floater (1), a power supply device (5), a transparent cover plate (4), a heat insulating layer (2), a hydrophobic layer (13) and a baffle plate (3), and is characterized in that the porous thermoelectric floater (1) is made of P-type and N-type semiconductor materials; the P-type (6) and N-type (8) semiconductor materials are attached to two sides of the insulating coating (9), and the end parts of the semiconductor materials are connected with the conductive coating (7) such as copper foil to form a thermoelectric unit; coating insulating coatings on two outer side surfaces of the thermoelectric unit for insulating treatment; the thermoelectric units are connected through an insulating coating (9); the thermoelectric units are longitudinally arranged in the porous thermoelectric floater (1), namely, the thermoelectric units are arranged from the upper end surface to the lower end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), and a loose thermoelectric layer (12) is formed after the thermoelectric units are connected in series; the thermoelectric layers are arranged in the transverse direction, namely the thermoelectric layers are distributed in two directions which are vertical to the direction of the lower end surface of the upper end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater; the layers are mutually parallel and are mutually separated by the through holes (10), and are compressed longitudinally, namely from the upper end surface to the lower end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), the compression ratio is 2:1, namely the thickness after compression is half of that before compression, and a loose porous structure of the floater is formed after compression; the hydrophilic fibers (11) are compounded in all the through holes (10), the lower end parts of the hydrophilic fibers (11) are inserted into water through the through holes (10), and the upper end parts are clamped between the upper end surface of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) and the heat insulating layer (2).
2. A thermoelectric driven interfacial evaporation device as in claim 1, characterized by porous thermoelectric floats (1) made of lightweight material, floating evaporation structure to maximize water evaporation; a hydrophobic layer (13) is attached to the lower end face of the porous thermoelectric floater (1), and the hydrophobic layer (13) enables the floater to be difficult to reduce heat exchange with water due to thermal convection.
3. A thermoelectric driven interfacial evaporation device as in claim 1, characterized by the fact that the thermal insulation layer (2) is made of transparent, insulating and permeable material such as aerogel, under the transparent cover plate (4), superimposed on the porous thermoelectric float (1) and on the upper end of the hydrophilic fiber (11); the heat insulating layer (2) inhibits the heat convection of the device and the air, and reduces the heat loss.
4. A thermoelectric driven interfacial evaporation device as in claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic fibers (11) are made of textile material; the hydrophilic fiber (11) has strong adsorption effect on liquid water, and the liquid water can be transferred to the upper end face of the porous thermoelectric floater (1) through the hydrophilic fiber (11).
5. A thermoelectric driven interfacial evaporation device as in claim 1, characterized by transparent cover plate (4) made of glass, bottom coated with hydrophobic material, where water vapor naturally drops off after condensing to liquid water at transparent cover plate (4) and is collected in water reservoir.
6. A thermoelectric interface evaporation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the periphery of the device is separated from the outside by baffles (3) to prevent water vapor from escaping and reduce heat exchange with the outside.
7. A thermoelectric interface evaporation device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the power supply means (5) is an external power supply, and leads are led out from the holes provided in the baffle plate (3) and connected to the porous thermoelectric float (1) through leads.
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