CN114954401A - 用于自主驾驶的机动车辆的电动液压动力制动设备 - Google Patents

用于自主驾驶的机动车辆的电动液压动力制动设备 Download PDF

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CN114954401A
CN114954401A CN202210145979.6A CN202210145979A CN114954401A CN 114954401 A CN114954401 A CN 114954401A CN 202210145979 A CN202210145979 A CN 202210145979A CN 114954401 A CN114954401 A CN 114954401A
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brake
service
auxiliary
hydraulic
valve
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A·韦赫
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • B60T7/22Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger initiated by contact of vehicle, e.g. bumper, with an external object, e.g. another vehicle, or by means of contactless obstacle detectors mounted on the vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/70Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by fluid-controlled switches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/88Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means
    • B60T8/92Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means automatically taking corrective action
    • B60T8/94Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means automatically taking corrective action on a fluid pressure regulator
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/142Systems with master cylinder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/148Arrangements for pressure supply
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/16Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using pumps directly, i.e. without interposition of accumulators or reservoirs
    • B60T13/161Systems with master cylinder
    • B60T13/165Master cylinder integrated or hydraulically coupled with booster
    • B60T13/166Part of the system directly actuated by booster pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58Combined or convertible systems
    • B60T13/62Combined or convertible systems both straight and automatic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/662Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/745Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on a hydraulic system, e.g. a master cylinder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/402Back-up

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)

Abstract

用于自主驾驶的机动车辆的电动液压动力制动设备。本发明涉及一种用于自主驾驶的机动车辆的电动液压动力制动设备(1)。本发明提出将辅助制动机组(3)连接到运行制动机组(2),使得在运行制动机组(2)失效的情况下可以用所述辅助制动机组(3)来操作车辆制动设备(1)。为了即使在制动液冷且粘稠时也能用所述辅助制动机组(3)快速建立制动压力,本发明在所述运行制动机组(2)中设置了止回阀(30),所述辅助制动机组(3)的液压泵(22)通过所述止回阀(30)连接到所述运行制动机组(2)的制动液储存容器(2)。

Description

用于自主驾驶的机动车辆的电动液压动力制动设备
技术领域
本发明涉及具有权利要求1的前序部分的特征的用于自主驾驶的机动车辆的电动液压动力制动设备。
背景技术
对于达到级别4(可以要求驾驶员干预)和级别5(最高级别;不需要驾驶员)的自主驾驶,需要具有冗余的动力制动设备,其以接近安全的概率排除车辆制动设备的完全失效,而无需驾驶员干预。
国际专利申请WO 2012/143 312 A1公开了一种具有运行制动机组和制动压力调节机组的电动液压动力制动设备。所述运行制动机组具有可以通过肌肉力操作的主制动缸和活塞-缸单元作为动力制动压力发生器,所述活塞-缸单元的活塞可以利用电动机经由螺杆驱动器在气缸内移动,所述动力制动压力发生器与主制动缸液压并联。未加压的制动液储存容器放置在所述运行制动机组上,所述主制动缸和所述动力制动压力发生器连接到该制动液储存容器。所述制动压力调节机组具有磁阀并且在每个制动回路中都具有液压泵以用于对每个车轮进运行轮制动压力调节。所述制动压力调节机组连接到所述运行制动机组,并且所述液压车轮制动器连接到所述制动压力调节机组。
发明内容
根据本发明的具有权利要求1的特征的电动液压动力制动设备用于在公共道路上达到级别4和级别5的自主驾驶。级别4也称为高度自动化驾驶并且意味着车辆的引导由电子系统持久地接管,并且只有在系统无法再处理驾驶任务时才要求驾驶员进行干预。级别5也称为完全自动化并且不需要驾驶员。
根据本发明的具有权利要求1的特征的车辆制动设备具有运行制动机组以及辅助制动机组,一个或多个液压车轮制动器连接到所述运行制动机组。所述一个或多个车轮制动器通常利用所述运行制动机组操作,这称为运行制动。为了操作所述一个或多个车轮制动器,所述运行制动机组具有用于产生制动压力的制动压力发生器和一个或多个制动压力调节阀装置,利用所述制动压力调节阀装置调节车轮制动器中的车轮制动压力。“调节”也应理解为控制。优选地,车轮制动压力在每个车轮制动器中受到单独调节,但是车轮制动压力也可以由车轮制动器成组地调节或所有车轮制动器的车轮制动压力被一起调节。调节所述一个或多个车轮制动压力的大小以及因此调节车轮制动器的制动力。此外,利用所述一个或多个制动压力调节阀装置可以进行打滑调节、车辆动态性调节(通常俗称“防滑调节”)、自动制动、距离调节等。
所述运行制动机组可以具有作为制动压力发生器的肌肉力或辅助力主制动缸,其中后者是具有制动助力器的肌肉力主制动缸,所述制动助力器例如是真空制动助力器或机电制动助力器。在运行制动机组失效时,应将辅助力制动与利用辅助制动机组的辅助制动区分开来。附加于或代替主制动缸,所述运行制动机组可以具有动力制动压力发生器,该动力制动压力发生器可以具有例如活塞-缸单元,其活塞可以例如借助于电动机经由旋转-平移转换传动器在缸中移动。动力制动压力发生器的另一种可能性是液压泵,其例如可以用电动机驱动。
所述辅助制动机组用于在所述运行制动机组出现故障或失效的情况下操作所述一个或多个车轮制动器,其中当所述运行制动机组的制动压力调节阀装置正常工作时,车轮制动器中的车轮制动压力可以通过所述制动压力调节阀装置调节。在所述运行制动机组出现故障或失效的情况下利用辅助制动机组的制动操作称为辅助制动。由于更简单的结构,本身不规定所述辅助制动机组具有制动压力调节阀装置,但是本发明的以下设计是可能的,即所述运行制动机组和所述辅助制动机组都具有制动压力调节阀装置。
所述辅助制动机组具有动力制动压力发生器,该动力制动压力发生器通过止回阀连接到所述运行制动机组的制动液储存容器,所述止回阀优选地布置在所述运行制动机组中。由此,为了在辅助制动时建立制动压力,所述辅助制动机组的动力制动压力发生器通过制动液储存容器的主制动缸不必以高流动阻力从运行制动机组的制动液储存容器中吸入制动液,而是可以通过止回阀从运行制动机组的制动液储存容器中吸入具有低流动阻力的制动液。这改善了吸入行为,并且使得能够在辅助制动时利用辅助制动机组的动力制动压力发生器快速建立制动压力,特别是在低温时粘性制动液的情况下。
从属权利要求涉及权利要求1中说明的本发明的有利设计和扩展。
优选地,所述运行制动机组和/或所述辅助制动机组分别具有液压块。所述液压块是通常由金属制成的大多长方体状的部件,但也可以由其他材料制成,例如塑料。在所述液压块中,盲孔作为所述车辆制动设备的液压器件的容纳器。这样的器件是磁阀,所述磁阀的液压部分典型地位于所述液压块的相应容纳器中,并且所述磁阀的机电部分如电枢和磁线圈从所述液压块伸出。磁阀的液压部分本身是真正的阀,例如截止体和具有阀座的阀外壳。其他液压器件尤其是活塞-缸单元、液压泵、液压蓄能器、止回阀和泵驱动部分。此外,这样的液压块具有盲孔以用于将制动管路与螺纹接头或压入式接头(“自锁”)连接。形成液压器件的容纳器的盲孔大多分直径等级。通过对液压块钻孔,所述液压器件的容纳器根据所述车辆制动设备或所述运行制动机组和/或所述辅助制动机组的液压回路图相互连接,这可以称为(液压)互连。液压块的钻孔大多是笛卡尔式的,即钻孔相互平行和垂直,并且在长方体状的液压块中平行和垂直于所述液压块的表面和边缘。通过配备有所述液压器件,必要时配备有一个或多个用于驱动所述动力制动压力发生器的电动机、电子控制设备等,所述液压块形成所述运行制动机组或所述辅助制动机组。“配备”意味着所述液压器件布置在它们在液压块中的容纳器中并且所述电动机和一个或多个控制设备布置在所述液压块上。
在本发明的实施例中,可以单独或以基本上任何组合来实现说明书和附图中公开的所有特征。原则上,不具有一个权利要求的全部特征但仅具有一个或多个特征的本发明实施方式是可能的。
附图说明
下面基于附图中所示的实施方式更详细地解释本发明。其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的电动液压动力制动设备的运行制动机组的液压回路图;
图2示出了图1的电动液压动力制动设备的辅助制动机组的液压回路图;以及
图3示出了根据本发明的电动液压动力制动设备的运行制动机组的相对于图1不同的液压回路图。
具体实施方式
附图中所示的根据本发明的电动液压动力制动设备1用于自主驾驶达到级别4或级别5的机动车辆,即乘用车。级别4意味着其中可以要求驾驶员干预的自主驾驶,并且级别5是最高级别,是不需要驾驶员干预的自主驾驶。
动力制动设备1具有运行制动机组2和辅助制动机组3。运行制动机组2被设置用于制动操作,并且辅助制动机组3被设置用于在运行制动机组2发生故障或失效的情况下的制动操作。液压车轮制动器4经由制动管路(在本实施例中为四个)连接到运行制动机组2。辅助制动机组3经由制动管路连接到运行制动机组2,使得车轮制动器4也可以利用辅助制动机组3操作。运行制动机组2和辅助制动机组3分别是可以布置在例如乘用车的发动机舱中的不同位置处的单独组件。将辅助制动机组3与运行制动机组2连接的制动管路在下文中也称为正向管路V1、V2和反向管路R1、R2。
根据本发明的车辆制动设备1被实施为双回路制动设备并且其制动机组2、3被实施为双回路制动机组。分别向制动回路分配两个车轮制动器4。辅助制动机组3在每个制动回路中通过正向管路V1、V2和通过反向管路R1、R2连接到运行制动机组2。正向管路V1、V2和反向管路R1、R2的连接点在运行制动机组2和辅助制动机组3中一致用V1、V2、R1和R2表示。
运行制动机组2具有活塞-缸单元5,其活塞6可以利用电动机7经由作为旋转/平移转换传动器的螺杆驱动器8在缸9中移动。电动机7、螺杆驱动器8和活塞缸单元5形成运行制动机组2的动力制动压力发生器10,用于为运行制动产生制动压力。运行制动是常见的和规定的制动操作。动力制动压力发生器10经由隔离阀12和入口阀13之间的运行制动阀11连接到两个制动回路。
运行制动机组2对于每个车轮制动器4都具有入口阀13和出口阀14,利用所述入口阀和所述出口阀可以单独调节每个车轮制动器4中的车轮制动压力。由此可以在正常驾驶运行中无打滑地调节车轮制动器4中的车轮制动压力以及因此调节车轮制动器4的制动力。此外,可以进行诸如防抱死和驱动打滑调节的打滑调节、也通俗地称为防滑调节的车辆动态性调节、自动制动、距离调节等。这样的调节是已知的,并且在此不再详细解释。入口阀13和出口阀14也可以理解为车轮制动压力调节阀装置13、14。
除了动力制动压力发生器10之外,运行制动机组2还具有可以由肌肉力操作的主制动缸15,车轮制动器4经由隔离阀12和入口阀13连接到所述主制动缸15。运行制动机组2在每个制动回路中具有隔离阀12,并且对每个车轮制动器4都具有入口阀13和出口阀14。在驾驶员运行的情况下,主制动缸15用作在运行制动时要在车轮制动器4中设置的车轮制动压力的额定值发送器。在驾驶员运行中以及在自主驾驶时,都利用动力制动压力发生器10产生制动压力。在运行制动时,主制动缸15通过关闭隔离阀12而与车轮制动器4液压分离。
如所述的那样,主制动缸15在驾驶员运行情况下的运行制动时用作车轮制动压力的额定值发送器,在该运行制动时制动压力利用运行制动机组2的动力制动压力发生器10产生。在动力制动压力发生器10失效的情况下,可以通过操作主制动缸15来产生制动压力。这就是所谓的利用肌肉力的辅助制动,并且因此主制动缸15也可以理解为肌肉力制动压力发生器。
为了在隔离阀12关闭时可以从主制动缸15中排出制动液并且主制动缸15的活塞和制动踏板16可以移动,运行制动机组2具有踏板行程模拟器17,该踏板行程模拟器经由模拟器阀18连接到主制动缸15的制动回路。踏板行程模拟器17是具有弹簧加载的或例如气压加载的活塞的活塞-缸单元。
在本发明的描述和显示的实施方式中,隔离阀12和入口阀13在它们的无电流基本位置中是打开的2/2多路磁阀,并且动力制动压力发生器10的运行制动阀11、出口阀14和模拟器阀18在它们的无电流基本位置中是关闭的2/2多路磁阀。
根据本发明的电动液压动力制动设备1的运行制动机组2的液压器件,即阀11、12、13、14、18、动力制动压力发生器10、主制动缸15、踏板行程模拟器17和诸如压力传感器的其他器件布置在运行制动机组2的液压块19的容纳器中,并且根据车辆制动设备1和运行制动机组2的示出的液压回路图通过液压块19的钻孔来相互连接。
从常规的主制动缸已知的未加压制动液储存容器20放置在液压块19上,并且主制动缸15连接到液压块19,并且动力制动压力发生器10通过止回阀28连接到液压块19。在两个制动回路之一中,测试阀21设置在制动液储存容器20与主制动缸15之间。在本实施例中,所述测试阀同样是在其无电流的基本位置中打开的2/2多路磁阀。止回阀29与测试阀21液压并联,所述止回阀在主制动缸15的方向上可被通过,然而不是在本发明的所有实施方式中都存在。
辅助制动机组3在其两个制动回路中的每一个中都具有液压泵22,液压泵22可以利用共同的电动机23驱动。液压泵22是活塞泵,其中其他液压泵、例如齿轮泵同样是可能的。液压泵22与电动机23一起形成动力制动压力发生器24。
辅助制动机组3的液压泵22的吸入侧经由吸入阀25和已经提到的制动管路(即正向管路V1、V2)连接到运行制动机组2的主制动缸15的两个制动回路,辅助制动机组3借助于所述正向管路V1、V2连接到运行制动机组2。辅助制动机组3的液压泵22的压力侧经由压力阀26和正向管路V1、V2连接到运行制动机组2的主制动缸15的两个制动回路。此外,辅助制动机组3的液压泵22的压力侧经由制动管路(即反向管路R1、R2)连接到运行制动机组2的隔离阀12,辅助制动机组3通过所述反向管路R1、R2连接到运行制动机组2。由此能够通过利用辅助制动机组3的液压泵22产生制动压力来操作车轮制动器4,液压泵22形成辅助制动机组3的动力制动压力发生器24。车轮制动器4中的车轮制动压力可以用运行制动机组2的入口阀13和出口阀14来加以调节,所述入口阀和所述出口阀形成车轮制动压力调节阀装置,只要这些阀13、14和它们的调节装置能够工作。在运行制动机组2出现故障或失效的情况下,利用辅助制动机组3的液压泵22来产生制动压力,所述液压泵22形成动力制动压力发生器24。这样的制动称为辅助制动。
在本发明的描述和显示的实施方式中,辅助制动机组3的吸入阀25被实施为在其无电流的基本位置中关闭的2/2多路磁阀,并且压力阀26被实施为在无电流的基本位置中打开的2/2多路磁阀。在辅助制动期间,吸入阀25打开,使得辅助制动机组3的液压泵22可以通过主制动缸15从运行制动机组2的制动液储存容器20吸入制动液。此外,压力阀26关闭,以便向车轮制动器4施加制动压力。
在运行制动时,通过辅助制动机组3的打开的压力阀26和运行制动机组2的在这种情况下要打开的运行制动阀11向车轮制动器4施加利用运行制动机组2的动力制动压力发生器10产生的制动压力,或者通过辅助制动机组3的打开的压力阀26和运行制动机组2的打开的隔离阀12向车轮制动器4施加利用主制动缸15产生的制动压力。
为了在辅助制动时快速建立制动压力,形成辅助制动机组3的动力制动压力发生器24的液压泵22通过止回阀30连接到运行制动机组2的制动液储存容器20,在本实施例中所述止回阀30布置在运行制动机组2的液压块19中。
根据本发明的电动液压动力制动设备1的实施也可以利用在制动液储存容器20与辅助制动机组3的液压泵22之间的两个止回阀30中的仅仅一个来进行,其中在这种情况下优选止回阀30存在于主回路中和/或止回阀30存在于在其中也设置有测试阀21的制动回路中。所述主回路是直接经由踏板杆利用制动踏板16操作的制动回路。
特别是当辅助制动机组3的液压泵22在两个制动回路中都通过止回阀30连接到运行制动机组2的制动液储存器20时,可以省去在制动液储存容器20与主制动缸15之间与测试阀21液压并联的止回阀29。
辅助制动机组3的液压器件,即液压泵22、阀25、26和诸如压力传感器的其他器件,布置在辅助制动机组3的液压块27中,并且通过液压块27的钻孔根据所示的液压回路图相互连接,这也可称为液压器件22、25、26的互连。
制动液储存容器20针对每个制动回路都具有一个腔室31'、31''',并且针对运行制动机组2的动力制动压力发生器10还附加地具有腔室31'',即总共三个腔室31'、31"、31"'。通过其将辅助制动机组3的液压泵22连接到制动液储存容器20的止回阀30与测试阀21连接到制动液储存容器20的相同的腔室31'。辅助制动机组3的液压泵22与通过其将辅助制动机组3的液压泵22连接到制动液储存器20的两个止回阀30连接到制动液储存器20的不同腔室31'、31'''。运行制动机组2的动力制动压力发生器10连接到自己的腔室31''或与辅助制动机组3的液压泵22连接到制动液储存容器20的不同腔室31''。
与图1相比,在图3中一个制动回路(在本实施例中为主回路)的正向管路V1不直接通过止回阀30连接到制动液储存容器20,而是穿过主制动气缸15。其余方面,图1和图3一致。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于自主驾驶的机动车辆的电动液压动力制动设备,具有运行制动机组(2)和辅助制动机组(3),所述运行制动机组(2)具有制动液储存容器(20)并且具有用于产生制动压力的制动压力发生器(10、15),至少一个液压车轮制动器(4)连接到所述制动液储存容器(20),所述辅助制动机组(3)连接到所述运行制动机组(2),使得在所述运行制动机组(2)失效的情况下能够用所述辅助制动机组(3)操作所述至少一个车轮制动器(4),其中所述辅助制动机组(3)具有用于产生操作所述至少一个液压车轮制动器(4)的制动压力的动力制动压力发生器(24),所述动力制动压力发生器通过止回阀(30)连接到所述运行制动机组(2)的制动液储存容器(20),其特征在于,所述运行制动机组(2)具有车轮制动压力调节阀装置(13、14),用于调节施加给所述至少一个车轮制动器(4)的车轮制动压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动液压动力制动设备,其特征在于,所述止回阀(30)布置在所述运行制动机组(3)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电动液压动力制动设备,其特征在于,所述运行制动机组(2)具有可由肌肉力操作的主制动缸(15),所述主制动缸(15)通过所述止回阀(30)与所述制动液储存容器(20)连接并且连接到所述辅助制动机组(3),使得所述辅助制动机组(3)的动力制动压力发生器(24)通过所述止回阀(30)并且穿过所述主制动缸(15)地连接到所述运行制动机组(2)的制动液储存容器(20)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的一项或多项所述的电动液压动力制动设备,其特征在于,所述车辆制动设备(1)具有多个制动回路并且所述辅助制动机组(3)在不同制动回路中具有多个动力制动压力发生器(24),所述多个动力制动压力发生器通过所述止回阀(30)连接到所述运行制动机组(2)的制动液储存容器(20)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的一项或多项所述的电动液压动力制动设备,其特征在于,所述运行制动机组(2)具有可由肌肉力操作的主制动缸(15),所述主制动缸(15)通过测试阀(21)连接到所述制动液储存容器(20)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电动液压动力制动设备,其特征在于,所述制动液储存容器(20)具有多个腔室(31'、31"、31'''),并且所述止回阀(29)与所述测试阀(20)连接到所述制动液储存容器(20)的相同腔室(31')。
7.根据权利要求4和6所述的电动液压动力制动设备,其特征在于,所述止回阀(30)连接到所述制动液储存容器(20)的不同腔室(31'、31''')。
8.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的电动液压动力制动设备,其特征在于,所述制动液储存容器(20)具有多个腔室(31'、31''、31'''),所述运行制动机组(2)具有动力制动压力发生器(10),并且所述运行制动机组(2)的动力制动压力发生器(10)与所述止回阀(30)连接到所述制动液储存容器(20)的不同腔室(31'')。
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