CN114949165B - 一种抗抑郁的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗抑郁的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114949165B
CN114949165B CN202210776702.3A CN202210776702A CN114949165B CN 114949165 B CN114949165 B CN 114949165B CN 202210776702 A CN202210776702 A CN 202210776702A CN 114949165 B CN114949165 B CN 114949165B
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谭元奇
李志刚
范春玲
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗抑郁的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的抗抑郁中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:百合、甘草、淮小麦、地骨皮、合欢花、合欢皮、玳玳花、枳实、清半夏、胆南星、龙胆草、知母、生姜、川芎、白芷、西红花、山药、黄连、人参、当归、穿山龙、郁金、白芍、珍珠母、青礞石、石菖蒲,柏子仁和夜交藤。抗抑郁的中药组合物的制备方法,将所述原料药按重量份混合浸泡再煎煮后,取煎煮药液,即得成品中药。本发明通过养肝血、祛痰湿、理肝气、健脾运的路径,针对中风后肝郁脾虚证患者,剂量更适合大众,且价格便宜,疗效明显。

Description

一种抗抑郁的中药组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,特别涉及一种抗抑郁的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
抑郁状态不同于抑郁症,抑郁状态是患者平时很正常,只是因为某种原因进入到了抑郁这个状态,经过治疗既可以使患者从此状态中走出,回到正常生活中来。
脑卒中后抑郁状态(PSD)是脑卒中后最常见和最严重的并发症之一,脑卒中一般是指脑出血、脑梗塞、蛛网膜下腔出血等高级中枢内源性损伤的病理变化。其临床主要表现在思维迟缓、情绪低落、缺乏兴趣、悲观、懒言、少动、不愿接触人、记忆力下降、失去信心和认知功能障碍等,有的会出现性格执拗、食欲不振,头晕。一部分患者一生历经沧桑,性格坚强,但中风后会因小事或无明显原因出现担忧、紧张、害怕等隐匿型抑郁合并焦虑的表现,并多数伴发睡眠障碍,这些表现偶有严重者会有自杀倾向。临床以显著而持久的心境低落为主要特征,且心境低落与其处境不相称。临床表现出情绪低落,兴趣和愉快感减退或丧失,导致劳累感增加、精力降低和运动减少;食欲减退、睡眠障碍,甚至自杀观念和行为;部分患者有明显的焦虑和运动性激越;严重者可出现幻觉、妄想等精神症状。
西医一般采用西药、电抽搐和手术治疗等方式,西药治疗包括抗抑郁药,如:5-HT再摄取抑制剂(SSRI):如安非他酮和舍曲林、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、氟伏沙明、西酞普兰、艾司西酞普兰;选择性5-HT及NE再摄取抑制剂(SNRI):如文拉法辛、度洛西汀;NE及特异性5-HT能抗抑郁药(NaSSA):如米氮平;5-HT2A受体拮抗剂及5-HT再摄取抑制剂(SARIs):如曲唑酮、奈法唑酮;单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI)如吗氯贝胺等;选择性NE再摄取抑制剂(NRI)如瑞波西汀;NE及DA再摄取抑制剂(NDRI):如安非他酮;三环类抗抑郁药(TCAs):阿米替林、多塞平等。苯二氮卓类药物(抗焦虑的):地西泮、氟西泮、三唑仑等;5-HT能抗焦虑药:丁螺环酮和坦度环酮等;抗精神病药:喹硫平、奥氮平、联合氟西汀;情感稳定剂:拉莫三嗪合并碳酸锂、心境稳定剂的丙戊酸盐(通常为钠盐和镁盐)、卡马西平。
西药抗抑郁药有多种副作用,如阿米替林、多塞平、文拉法辛等有诱发躁狂的作用,应用时需格外注意药物剂量。
镇静催眠药:苯二氮卓和非苯二氮卓(唑吡坦、佐匹克隆、扎来普隆)
精神振奋剂:苯丙胺,莫达非尼、盐酸哌甲酯。
而且西药很多时候不能完全有效控制病情,手术和电击等治疗会给患者带来一定程度的痛苦。
中医理论中:脑卒中后抑郁状态(PSD)在中医中属于“郁证”“中风”的合病,属于“因病致郁”。该病与中风气血失调,痰瘀互结,气机不顺,情志不畅密切相关。PSD病位在于脑,起于肝而及心、脾,肝气不达,导致元神脑府失养,神机运转不利,导致抑郁。关于该病的治疗总则在《素问·六元正纪大论》中写道:“木郁达之,火郁发之,土郁夺之,金郁泄之,水郁折之,然调其气,过者折之,以其畏也,所谓泻之。”以理气解郁为主,针对PSD的基本病机,中医中药治疗PSD具有明显的优势如副作用小,起效快,安全性高,能针对不同症情治疗,易被患者接受等。
发明内容
为解决现有技术问题及临床需求,本发明提出了一种通过养肝血、祛痰湿、理肝气、健脾运的路径,针对中风后肝郁脾虚证患者,剂量更适合大众,且价格便宜,疗效明显的抗抑郁的中药组合物及其制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供一种抗抑郁的中药组合物,由以下重量份的原料药制成:百合8-12份、甘草4-8份、淮小麦10-14份、地骨皮2-4份、合欢花4-8份、合欢皮4-8份、玳玳花4-8份、枳实4-8份、清半夏4-8份、胆南星4-8份、龙胆草4-8份、知母4-8份、生姜8-12份、川芎4-8份、白芷4-8份、西红花0-1份、山药15-25份、黄连2-4份、人参1-3份、当归4-8份、穿山龙10-14份、郁金4-8份、白芍4-8份、珍珠母8-12份、青礞石8-12份、石菖蒲4-8份,柏子仁4-8份和夜交藤4-8份。
优选的,由以下重量份的原料药制成:百合10份、甘草6份、淮小麦12份、地骨皮3份、合欢花6份、合欢皮6份、玳玳花6份、枳实6份、清半夏6份、胆南星6份、龙胆草6份、知母6份、生姜10份、川芎6份、白芷6份、西红花0.5份、山药20份、黄连3份、人参2份、当归6份、穿山龙12份、郁金6份、白芍6份、珍珠母10份、青礞石10份、石菖蒲6份,柏子仁6份、夜交藤6份。
一种抗抑郁的中药组合物的制备方法,将原料药按重量份混合浸泡再煎煮后,取煎煮药液,即得成品中药。
优选的,将珍珠母与青礞石加入300-500ml清水中预煎煮20-40分钟后,将其余已浸泡50-70分钟的原料药与已预煎煮的珍珠母与青礞石的药液和药物混合,进行第一次煎煮,煎煮20-40分钟,并进行搅拌,煎煮完成后取100-300ml第一次煎煮药液备用,再将药渣内加入60-90摄氏度温水,进行第二次煎煮,煎煮20-40分钟,煎煮完成后取100-300ml第二次煎煮药液,将第一次煎煮药液和第二次煎煮药液混合后即得成品中药。
优选的,将珍珠母与青礞石加入400ml清水中预煎煮30分钟后,将其余已浸泡60分钟的原料药与已预煎煮的珍珠母与青礞石的药液和药物混合,进行第一次煎煮,煎煮30分钟,并进行搅拌,煎煮完成后取200ml第一次煎煮药液备用,再将药渣内加入60-90摄氏度温水,进行第二次煎煮,煎煮30分钟,煎煮完成后取200ml第二次煎煮药液,将第一次煎煮药液和第二次煎煮药液混合后即得成品中药。
本发明抗抑郁的中药组合物及其制备方法,通过养肝血、祛痰湿、理肝气、健脾运的路径,针对中风后肝郁脾虚证患者,剂量更适合大众,价格便宜,疗效明显。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
本实施例中各原料药的用量为:百合10克、甘草6克、淮小麦12克、地骨皮3克、合欢花6克、合欢皮6克、玳玳花6克、枳实6克、清半夏6克、胆南星6克、龙胆草6克、知母6克、生姜10克、川芎6克、白芷6克、西红花0.5克、山药20克、黄连3克、人参2克、当归6克、穿山龙12克、郁金6克、白芍6克、珍珠母10克、青礞石10克、石菖蒲6克,柏子仁6克、夜交藤6克。
其中的西红花也可以根据实际情况选用。
将珍珠母与青礞石加入400ml清水中预煎煮30分钟后,将其余已浸泡60分钟的原料药(浸泡时水没过药平面大约一寸即可),与已预煎煮的珍珠母与青礞石的药液和药物混合,进行第一次煎煮,煎煮30分钟,期间进行适当搅拌,煎煮完成后取200ml第一次煎煮药液备用,再将药渣内加入60-90摄氏度温水,水面没过药物平面大约一寸,进行第二次煎煮,煎煮30分钟,煎煮完成后取200ml第二次煎煮药液,将第一次煎煮药液和第二次煎煮药液混合后即得成品中药,即中药汤剂。
本发明服用时,将第一次煎煮药液和第二次煎煮药液混合后的中药汤剂平均分成两份,早晚各一份,饭后一小时温服,持续8周。
实施例2:
本实施例中各原料药的用量为:百合12克、甘草8克、淮小麦14克、地骨皮4克、合欢花8克、合欢皮8克、玳玳花8克、枳实8克、清半夏8克、胆南星8克、龙胆草8克、知母8克、生姜12克、川芎8克、白芷8克、西红花1克、山药25克、黄连4克、人参3克、当归8克、穿山龙14克、郁金8克、白芍8克、珍珠母12克、青礞石12克、石菖蒲8克,柏子仁8克和夜交藤8克。
将珍珠母与青礞石加入500ml清水中预煎煮40分钟后,将其余已浸泡70分钟的原料药(浸泡时水没过药平面大约一寸即可),与已预煎煮的珍珠母与青礞石的药液和药物混合,进行第一次煎煮,煎煮40分钟,期间进行适当搅拌,煎煮完成后取300ml第一次煎煮药液备用,再将药渣内加入60-90摄氏度温水,水面没过药物平面大约一寸,进行第二次煎煮,煎煮40分钟,煎煮完成后取200ml第二次煎煮药液,将第一次煎煮药液和第二次煎煮药液混合后即得成品中药。
实施例3:
本实施例中各原料药的用量为:百合8克、甘草4克、淮小麦10克、地骨皮2克、合欢花4克、合欢皮4克、玳玳花4克、枳实4克、清半夏4克、胆南星4克、龙胆草4克、知母4克、生姜8克、川芎4克、白芷4克、山药15克、黄连2克、人参1克、当归4克、穿山龙10克、郁金4克、白芍4克、珍珠母8克、青礞石8克、石菖蒲4克,柏子仁4克和夜交藤4克。
将珍珠母与青礞石加入300ml清水中预煎煮20分钟后,将其余已浸泡50分钟的原料药(浸泡时水没过药平面大约一寸即可),与已预煎煮的珍珠母与青礞石的药液和药物混合,进行第一次煎煮,煎煮20分钟,期间进行适当搅拌,煎煮完成后取100ml第一次煎煮药液备用,再将药渣内加入60-90摄氏度温水,水面没过药物平面大约一寸,进行第二次煎煮,煎煮20分钟,煎煮完成后取100ml第二次煎煮药液,将第一次煎煮药液和第二次煎煮药液混合后即得成品中药。
本发明每一味药都能起到安神解郁的作用,下面具体描述每一味药解郁的途径:
方中的百合健脾运,清心火;甘草调和诸药;淮小麦疏肝止汗,理气健脾;地骨皮通过养肝阴的途径止虚汗、治耳聋;合欢花、合欢皮清热理气,活血通络;玳玳花理气和胃,舒肝止痛;枳实行气化痰、健脾通便,使患者气顺;清半夏化痰止痛;胆南星清热化痰、息风定惊;龙胆草清肝胆之火,燥湿健脾;知母清虚热、润肠通便;生姜和胃健脾;川芎为厥阴经和少阳经的引经药,能将血液更多地引向头部血管,改善头部血液供应;白芷散风除湿、通窍止痛,帮助川芎改善颅内相应核团血液供应;西红花活血的同时增强了疏肝理气的作用,可迅速带来欣快感;黄连除心火,稳心境,与山药配伍达到清热而不伤脾胃的作用;人参益气养血与当归配伍气血同调;穿山龙祛风除湿、消除麻木,作用类似于西药的皮质类固醇激素在疼痛麻木方面的使用;郁金活血清心、行气解郁;白芍养肝阴、降肝火、柔肝止痛;珍珠母平肝潜阳、重镇安神;青礞石坠痰下气、平肝镇惊、清除顽痰,能更好地改善患者因前一晚睡眠差而导致的第二日精神欠佳;石菖蒲豁痰开窍,通过化湿醒神改善睡后易醒的症状;柏子仁养血安神、润肠通便,对因此次中风已经损伤的阴血起到补养作用。夜交藤养心阴、祛风除痹,用来改善由于中风发生耗伤心阴后,导致的心肾不交原因的精神恍惚,同时还能改善肢体的麻木。
本发明以百合知母汤打底,出自张仲景的《金匮要略·百合狐惑阴阳毒病证治》记载:“如有神灵者,而身形如和,其脉微微。”百合病有多种临床表现,其中主要症状为情绪异常,精神抑郁和失眠等。其中记载的百合知母汤的具体组成共两味药:百合七枚,知母三两,此方法是目前观察到的脱离抑郁状态方法之一,目的就是使患者恢复正常心境,更顺利地回归正常的生产生活中去。
西医药理方面解释此方:方中成份使用后能够增加5-羟色胺(5-HT)的分泌,同时去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)以及乙酰胆碱也都有不同程度的升高,同时对颞叶、顶枕叶、海马区、左侧额叶、以及左前扣带回的血液供应都有明显的增加作用,这些位置都为控制抑郁情绪的神经中枢,通过这些对抑郁状态起到了明显的治疗作用。抑郁和焦虑有着共同的异常生物学基础,都与激素反应迟钝,肾上腺素神经递质异常,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)功能异常有关,方中穿山龙的意义就在此。同时,此方剂不但对抑郁状态有明显的治疗作用,对一部分双相情感障碍患者(也就是既有躁狂发作,也有抑郁发作的一类心境障碍)也有非常明显的改善。心理社会因素的心境改善也同样适用。最终目的都是让患者从抑郁心境中顺利走出。
颅内感染和外部环境所致的抑郁状态均可参照本发明治疗。
治疗效果评判标准:
治疗后可根据《中药新药临床研究指南原则》中的中医证候评分标准和《中医病证诊断疗效标准》进行疗效评判。
西医抑郁评判标准:根据HAMD量表,分为:无,轻度,中度,重度,严重,日常生活活动量表内容包括进食,个人卫生,身体控制,步行和上下楼梯等,分数越高代表患者状况越好,日常生活可独立完成。
本发明临床使用效果:
选取30例脑卒中后肝郁脾虚型抑郁患者作为研究对象,纳入标准:(1)符合《各类脑血管疾病诊断标准要点》和脑血管病学术会议制定的相关诊断标准,经MRI和CT确诊为脑卒中的患者;(2)符合《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中肝郁脾虚型的诊断;(3)汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)得分在8-35分的中轻度抑郁患者;(4)无意识障碍,无智力障碍和愿意配合检查治疗者。排除标准:(1)严重意识或智力障碍者;(2)有家族精神病遗传史者;(3)对试验用药过敏者。研究期间,30例患者,男18例,女12例,年龄40~65岁,平均年龄(51.13±5.74)岁,病程最短31天,最长52天,平均(41.37±2.63)天,其中脑出血10例,脑卒中20例;
观察指标:
中医证候积分:根据《中药新药临床研究指南原则》[8]中的中医证候评分标准,主要症状由无、轻、中、重依次计分0、2、4、6分,根据《中医病证诊断疗效标准》计算治疗前、2个疗程后积分,计算公式为(治疗前积分-治疗后积分)/治疗前积分×100%;主要症状包括精神抑郁、失眠、食欲不振和心悸等。(2)抑郁状态指标:根据HAMD量表,采用0-4分的5级评分法,0-4分分别是:无,轻度,中度,重度,严重,量表项目包括抑郁情绪,入睡困难,精神性焦虑,全身症状和能力减退感等24项,评分小于8分为正常,8-20分为轻度抑郁,20-35分为中度抑郁,大于35分为重度抑郁,在治疗前和治疗结束后进行评价;(3)依据ADL日常生活活动量表制作调查问卷,在治疗前和结束治疗后进行走访问卷,问卷内容包括进食,个人卫生,身体控制,步行和上下楼梯等,回答选项分3个等级,计分为10,5,0分,分数越高代表患者状况越好,日常生活可独立完成,分数越低代表患者生活状况越差,不能独立完成日常生活。分数大于60分为良好,患者日常生活基本独立,分数在35-60分为中度功能障碍,日常生活需依赖他人完成,分数低于35分为重度功能障碍,不能独立完成日常生活严重依赖他人。
本发明临床疗效比较,详见表1。
表1临床疗效[n(%)]
Figure GDA0004154841040000061
患者治疗前后中医证候积分变化情况
经过8周的治疗,患者的精神抑郁、失眠、食欲不振和心悸等中医证候积分较治疗前均明显降低,治疗前、后积分差异见表2。
表2两组中医证候积分变化情况(
Figure GDA0004154841040000062
分)
Figure GDA0004154841040000063
患者治疗前后HAMD评分比较
经8周治疗,患者的抑郁情绪,入睡困难,精神性焦虑,全身症状和能力减退感等HAMD量表得分较治疗前明显降低,见表3。
表3患者治疗前后HAMD评分比较(x±s)
Figure GDA0004154841040000071
患者治疗前后ADL日常生活活动量表得分
经8周治疗,两组的日常生活如进食,个人卫生,身体控制,步行和上下楼等ADL日常生活活动量表得分明显提高,见表4。
表4治疗前后ADL日常生活活动得分(
Figure GDA0004154841040000072
分)
Figure GDA0004154841040000073
临床结果显示,由于本发明具有养阴清热,润燥补虚的功效,对心肺阴虚内热,百脉失和的病症具有治疗效果,故本发明对于治疗脑卒中后抑郁状态(PSD)具有积极的治疗效果。此外,根据治疗前后中医证候积分变化情况,结果显示,经过8周的治疗,患者的精神抑郁、失眠、食欲不振和心悸等中医证候积分较治疗前均明显降低。
临床结果还显示,经8周的治疗,患者的抑郁情绪,入睡困难,精神性焦虑,全身症状和能力减退感得分明显降低,说明本发明对脑卒中后抑郁状态具有明显的缓解作用,另外,根据治疗前后日常生活活动得分情况,结果表明,经8周的治疗,患者的日常生活如进食,个人卫生,身体控制,步行和上下楼得分明显提高。本发明以清心安神,滋阴降火,助于恢复正常的生活,本发明采用的中药药方中,甘草、小麦具有养心、补气、安神等功效,而百合、知母等药方则可起到清热、顺气、补脾以及养阴润燥等功效;能减轻脑功能脑缺血时的损伤,可促进脑功能恢复,并调节脑组织内血管活性物质的水平,扩张脑血管并改善脑血流量,有利于保护脑缺血后脑神经元,神经系统症状得到改善,促进患者的康复并改善其生活质量。
本发明应用中可以根据实际情况,制成汤剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、大蜜丸、水蜜丸(小蜜丸)、水丸、浓缩水丸、浓缩蜜丸、膏方、粉剂、茶包、足浴包或外敷包等剂型,在此不做限定。本发明还可以搭配针灸等物理疗法进行实施,在此也不做限定。
需要说明的是:以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换等;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明的技术方案的范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种抗抑郁的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的抗抑郁中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:百合8-12份、甘草4-8份、淮小麦10-14份、地骨皮2-4份、合欢花4-8份、合欢皮4-8份、玳玳花4-8份、枳实4-8份、清半夏4-8份、胆南星4-8份、龙胆草4-8份、知母4-8份、生姜8-12份、川芎4-8份、白芷4-8份、西红花0-1份、山药15-25份、黄连2-4份、人参1-3份、当归4-8份、穿山龙10-14份、郁金4-8份、白芍4-8份、珍珠母8-12份、青礞石8-12份、石菖蒲4-8份,柏子仁4-8份和夜交藤4-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗抑郁的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的抗抑郁中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制成:百合10份、甘草6份、淮小麦12份、地骨皮3份、合欢花6份、合欢皮6份、玳玳花6份、枳实6份、清半夏6份、胆南星6份、龙胆草6份、知母6份、生姜10份、川芎6份、白芷6份、西红花0.5份、山药20份、黄连3份、人参2份、当归6份、穿山龙12份、郁金6份、白芍6份、珍珠母10份、青礞石10份、石菖蒲6份,柏子仁6份、夜交藤6份。
3.一种如权利要求1或2任一项所述的抗抑郁的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述原料药按重量份混合浸泡再煎煮后,取煎煮药液,即得成品中药。
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