CN114947023B - Silver carp phagostimulant and application thereof - Google Patents
Silver carp phagostimulant and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114947023B CN114947023B CN202210538260.9A CN202210538260A CN114947023B CN 114947023 B CN114947023 B CN 114947023B CN 202210538260 A CN202210538260 A CN 202210538260A CN 114947023 B CN114947023 B CN 114947023B
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- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- YYZUSRORWSJGET-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC YYZUSRORWSJGET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=O GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XVSZRAWFCDHCBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCCC(C)C XVSZRAWFCDHCBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- POIARNZEYGURDG-FNORWQNLSA-N beta-damascenone Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)C1=C(C)C=CCC1(C)C POIARNZEYGURDG-FNORWQNLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- POIARNZEYGURDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-damascenone Natural products CC=CC(=O)C1=C(C)C=CCC1(C)C POIARNZEYGURDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229930007850 β-damascenone Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000021433 fructose syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000791868 Selene orstedii Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001312741 Gekko swinhonis Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000123826 Lutjanus campechanus Species 0.000 description 1
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and discloses a spotted silver carp phagostimulant and application thereof. The spotted silver carp phagostimulant provided by the invention is prepared by mixing high fructose syrup, lactic acid, ethyl lactate, phenethyl alcohol, ethyl octanoate, isoamyl hexanoate, beta-damascenone and nonanal. The silver carp feed additive is convenient to use, clear in components, high in specificity and strong in feeding promoting effect, and can effectively improve the appetite of silver carps, increase the feeding speed and the feeding quantity of silver carps, and further increase the growth rate of silver carps.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a spotted silver carp phagostimulant and application thereof.
Background
The spotted silver carp (school name: aristichthys nobilis) is a fish of the genus silver carp and the family of carp, also called bighead carp, fat head fish, large head fish and black silver carp, and is one of four large fishes in China. The chicken has large and fat head, flat body shape, white and tender meat, high nutritive value, great favor of common people and great market demand. But the yield of spotted silver carps in the pond intercropping and natural water areas is very low, and the market demand can not be met far.
The spotted silver carp belongs to filter-feeding fat water fish, takes zooplankton as main food and also takes zooplankton, and is typical fish with zooplankton feeding. It relies on specific digestive organ spongy gill harrow to filter phytoplankton with a size of 50-120 microns. It does not ingest sinking pellet feed nor can it capture a large amount of small phytoplankton, but can ingest artificially supplied fine particulate suspensions. At present, the spotted silver carp mainly takes a pond intercropping mode and a large water surface breeding mode, but the traditional breeding mode cultures plankton baits in a fat water mode, so that the pollution of a breeding water body is often caused, and the pathological reactions such as hypoxia or poisoning and the like of the cultured fishes are caused, so that the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry is not facilitated. Therefore, in recent years, a plurality of scientific research institutions and enterprises develop powdery feeds for silver carps to improve the cultivation efficiency, but the feeding attraction performance of the powdery feeds needs to be further improved.
The phagostimulant is a substance capable of attracting fishes to the surrounding of baits, and the process of producing the phagostimulant effect is divided into 3 stages: making the fish aware of the presence of food stimuli by emitting odors or releasing chemicals; making fish trend to food stimulus sources; allowing fish to ingest food and judging palatability, edibility, etc. The addition of proper amount of phagostimulant to aquatic bait can obviously improve the palatability of the bait, increase the appetite of aquatic animals, shorten the time of fish towards food, improve the utilization rate of the bait and reduce water pollution. Research shows that the phagostimulant can promote secretion of digestive enzyme and activate digestion and absorption of fish, so as to promote fish growth, shorten growth period and raise fish yield. Therefore, the feeding attractant used in the aquaculture can effectively reduce the aquaculture cost and improve the economic benefit.
At present, more fish phagostimulants are studied at home and abroad, and are amino acid and amino acid mixture, betaine, sulfur-containing organic matters, garlicin, animal and plant extracts and the like. And different fishes have specific phagostimulants, the phagostimulant has great difference in phagostimulant effects on herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous fishes, for example, betaine can be used as a crucian phagostimulant, but is an insensitive substance on red snapper, rainbow trout and larch. Meanwhile, scientific researchers are more on meat feeding and omnivorous fish phagostimulants, and less attention is paid to filter feeding fishes, and the main reasons are that the filter feeding fishes have high yield and low value and are not fed with feed generally. However, in recent years, with the rising price of spotted silver carp, more and more fodder manufacturers start to push out spotted silver carp fodder products, and attention is also paid to spotted silver carp phagostimulants. Related patent applications such as a silver carp and bighead carp phagostimulant and a preparation method thereof (CN 201610711271.7), a green efficient bighead carp phagostimulant and a preparation method thereof (CN 201610849852.7) and the like. The technology usually adopts snail powder, chicken intestines, pork livers, locust, fermented bean curd and the like, has the defects of uncontrollable quality, uncertain effect and the like, and cannot be popularized. The spotted silver carp phagostimulant provided by the invention can efficiently and specifically attract the spotted silver carp to gather and ingest, can effectively improve the appetite of the spotted silver carp, and can increase the ingestion speed and the ingestion quantity of the spotted silver carp, thereby increasing the growth rate of the spotted silver carp.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spotted silver carp phagostimulant, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: high fructose corn syrup, lactic acid, ethyl lactate, phenethyl alcohol, ethyl octanoate, isoamyl hexanoate, beta-damascenone and nonanal.
The invention further aims at providing the application of the spotted silver carp phagostimulant in spotted silver carp culture.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical measures:
the spotted silver carp phagostimulant consists of the following components in parts by volume: 70-78 parts of high fructose syrup, 10-15 parts of lactic acid, 4-6 parts of ethyl lactate, 3-5 parts of phenethyl alcohol, 2-5 parts of ethyl octanoate, 2-5 parts of isoamyl hexanoate, 1-3 parts of beta-damascenone and 1-2 parts of nonanal;
the fructose-glucose syrup is a starch sugar crystal prepared by hydrolyzing and isomerizing plant starch, is an important sweetener, and mainly contains fructose and glucose, and is colorless viscous liquid and fragrant and sweet.
Lactic acid with molecular formula of CH 3 CH (OH) COOH, with a unique sour taste;
ethyl lactate, an alias ethyl 2-hydroxy propionate, with the molecular formula CH 3 CHOHCOOC 2 H 5 Fat aroma;
phenethyl alcohol with molecular formula of C 8 H 10 O, floral fragrance;
ethyl octanoate with molecular formula C 10 H 20 O 2 Sweet wine flavor;
isoamyl caproate with molecular formula C 11 H 22 O 2 Pineapple flavor;
beta-damascenone with molecular formula C 10 H 18 O, fruit flavor;
nonanal with molecular formula C 9 H 18 O, green grass fragrance.
The phagostimulant described above, preferably, comprises: 75 parts of high fructose corn syrup, 10 parts of lactic acid, 5 parts of ethyl lactate, 3 parts of phenethyl alcohol, 2 parts of ethyl octanoate, 2 parts of isoamyl hexanoate, 2 parts of beta-damascenone and 1 part of nonanal.
The application of the spotted silver carp phagostimulant in spotted silver carp culture comprises the step of utilizing the spotted silver carp phagostimulant and the spotted silver carp powdery feed to be used in combination so as to improve the culture efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the invention provides a specific phagostimulant for spotted silver carp, which provides a new selectivity for spotted silver carp culture.
2. The invention has the advantages of convenient use, definite ingredients, high specificity and strong food calling effect.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is a conventional scheme in the field unless specifically stated; the reagents or materials, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available.
Example 1:
screening a formula of the spotted silver carp phagostimulant:
according to the formula of Table 1, experimental fishes are starved for 24 hours, the prepared phagostimulants with different formulas are respectively mixed with spotted silver carp powdery feeds purchased in the market according to the proportion of five thousandths (mass ratio), the spotted silver carp feeds without the phagostimulants are taken as a control group, both ends of the spotted silver carp feed are fed simultaneously in a spotted silver carp culture pond, and the aggregation ingestion number of spotted silver carps at the feeding positions of each formula is recorded after five minutes of feeding. (the size of the experimental pool is 200 square meters, about 300 g of spotted silver carp fries 200 tails are put in each pool, 3 repetitions are set for each group of experiments, and as the pool is very small, the feeding of the fish shoal after starvation can not stay at other places, and the fish shoal only exists at two ends of the feed.
Experiment site: aquatic product culture base for Huazhong agricultural university in Wuhan City of Hubei province
Experimental time: 2021, 8
TABLE 1 phagostimulation effects of different phagostimulants on spotted silver carp
Analysis of results:
the experimental data show that the formula of the 1 st group contains sweet and fragrant components such as high fructose syrup, lactic acid, ethyl lactate and the like, has a certain attracting effect, and the aggregate feeding quantity of the spotted silver carps reaches 120 tails; the formula of the group 2 has the attracting specificity to the spotted silver carp far higher than that of the formula 1, and the mantissa can reach 176 tails; the feeding promoting effect of the formula of the 3 rd and the 4 th groups can reach 158 and 162 tails respectively, which is inferior to that of the formula 2; in the group 5, ethyl caproate is adopted to replace ethyl lactate, so that the food calling effect is not obvious; group 6 is broad-spectrum phagostimulant for carnivorous fishes, which has negative effect on the phagostimulant of spotted silver carp, and may be that fishy substances such as squid meal interfere with the feeding of spotted silver carp. Thus, it can be seen that the formulation effect of groups 2-4 is better.
Example 2:
the spotted silver carp phagostimulant consists of the following components in parts by volume:
mixing the above mixture, and making into silver carp phagostimulant.
Example 3:
and (3) evaluating the culture attractant effect of the spotted silver carp attractant:
in this example, the phagostimulant effect prepared in example 2 was evaluated by the following method:
experiment site: river Xia Ou of Wuhan City in Hubei province
Experimental time: 2021, 9, 10 to 10, 20 days
Silver carp group: the method adopts an open type fixed net cage 10 with the size of 1.2 m multiplied by 2 m multiplied by 1.2 m, the net cage is made of polyethylene material, and the meshes are 0.8-1.0 cm. Silver carp powdery feed source: wuhan He Yuan Green organism Co., ltd. Setting the conditions of a net cage pond: the area is 3000 square meters, the water depth is 1.8 meters, and the water and fertilizer retaining device is a new pond, is convenient to inject and drain, meets the water quality standard of fishery, and is provided with an aerator of 2.2 kilowatts. The test fingerlings are fingerlings of silver carp and summer fingerlings cultivated in a soil pond, have strong physique, average specification of 15 g/tail and number of 600 tail. The control group is a powdery feed group, the experimental group is powdery feed added with five-spotted silver carp phagostimulant in thousandths, and each is repeated for 5 times.
Grass carp group: the method adopts an open type fixed net cage 10 with the size of 1.2 m multiplied by 2 m multiplied by 1.2 m, the net cage is made of polyethylene material, and the meshes are 0.8-1.0 cm. Grass carp pellet feed source: wuhan Gekko Swinhonis feed Co. Setting the conditions of a net cage pond: the area is 3000 square meters, the water depth is 1.8 meters, and the water and fertilizer retaining device is a new pond, is convenient to inject and drain, meets the water quality standard of fishery, and is provided with an aerator of 2.2 kilowatts. The test fingerlings are grass carp summer fingerlings cultivated in a soil pond, have strong physique, have an average specification of 18 g/tail and have 600 tail. The control group is a pellet feed group, the experimental group is pellet feed added with five thousandths of spotted silver carp phagostimulant, and each is repeated for 5 times.
TABLE 2 experimental results of the spotted silver carp phagostimulant
Analysis of results:
the experimental data show that the spotted silver carp phagostimulant has a good phagostimulant effect on spotted silver carp, but has no effect on grass carp. The phagostimulant has strong specificity and can obviously promote the feeding amount of spotted silver carp.
Claims (3)
1. The spotted silver carp phagostimulant is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by volume: 70-78 parts of high fructose syrup, 10-15 parts of lactic acid, 4-6 parts of ethyl lactate, 3-5 parts of phenethyl alcohol, 2-5 parts of ethyl octanoate, 2-5 parts of isoamyl hexanoate, 1-3 parts of beta-damascenone and 1-2 parts of nonanal.
2. The phagostimulant of claim 1, characterized by consisting of the following components in parts by volume: fructose syrup 75, lactic acid 10, ethyl lactate 5, phenethyl alcohol 3, ethyl octanoate 2, isoamyl hexanoate 2, beta-damascenone 2 and nonanal 1.
3. The use of the spotted silver carp phagostimulant of claim 1 in spotted silver carp culture.
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| CN105285510A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-03 | 合肥永盛养殖有限公司 | Fish feed for reducing incidence of disease of fish shoal and preparation method thereof |
| CN109393207A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-01 | 金华市凌特水产养殖技术有限公司 | The fish meal phagostimulant of the thioether of isopropyl containing glycosyl |
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