CN114946555A - Cultivation and weeding method suitable for industrial hemp - Google Patents
Cultivation and weeding method suitable for industrial hemp Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946555A CN114946555A CN202210439048.7A CN202210439048A CN114946555A CN 114946555 A CN114946555 A CN 114946555A CN 202210439048 A CN202210439048 A CN 202210439048A CN 114946555 A CN114946555 A CN 114946555A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method suitable for cultivating and weeding industrial hemp, relates to the field of industrial hemp, and aims to solve the problems that the leaves are seriously damaged and the whole plant is seriously killed easily after a herbicide is sprayed on the industrial hemp, and the weeding effect of the conventional herbicide is poor. According to the invention, the ligusticum wallichii extract is matched with the pimpinella diversifolia extract to serve as a plant source protective agent, and clove oil and phosphoric acid are added for assistance, so that the protective effect on the industrial hemp herbicide is obviously enhanced. And the metolachlor missible oil and the isopimp missible oil are applied before the seedling, and the bromoxynil octanoate and the clethodim are applied after the seedling, so that the weeding effect is very obvious. Can weed with high efficiency, and is safe and economical. The cultivation technology is matched with a post-emergence weeding method, so that the planting technology is greatly improved, the harm of weeds to industrial hemp plants is reduced, the growth vigor of the plants is improved, and the yield is increased. The invention is applied to the field of industrial hemp.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of field weeding, and particularly relates to a cultivation and weeding method suitable for industrial hemp.
Background
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) refers to hemp with Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of less than 0.3%, and has low content of drug components, and has no value of directly using as drug and separately extracting drug. Belonging to the family cannabidae, genus cannabis, a 1-year old upright herb. The male plants are generally female and male heteroplants, the male plants are slightly short and have slender stems and few leaves, and the stems are quickly lignified after blooming; the female plant is higher and has more and luxuriant leaves and later stem lignification.
Industrial cannabis is very sensitive to herbicides and to date there is no safe, efficient chemical herbicide in industrial cannabis fields. Even if the herbicide is sprayed on the adjacent planting field, the leaves of the industrial hemp are seriously damaged after the industrial hemp is drifted to the field, and the serious leaves can lead to the death of the whole plant. The industrial hemp is planted in large area in Heilongjiang province, the industrial hemp is used for fiber (fiber type), seeds (sparse planting type) and medicine (dense planting type), and chemical weeding becomes a great problem for restricting the production of the industrial hemp. In the prior art, under normal climatic conditions, metolachlor can be used for closed weeding before seedlings after sowing, and clethodim emulsifiable concentrate is used for preventing gramineous weeds after seedlings. But the effect is not ideal, the leaves of the seedlings can be distorted and distorted, serious phytotoxicity occurs, the seedlings can not grow and die, and serious yield reduction is caused.
At present, many researchers research on the weeding problem of industrial hemp and try to screen out novel herbicides, and although some novel medicaments are tried in production, the weeding effect is poor. The problem that the weed control in large-scale planting needs to be solved urgently at present is to find a safe and efficient chemical weeding method for industrial hemp fields to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the prior industrial hemp herbicide is easy to cause serious damage to leaves and serious death of the whole plant after being sprayed with the herbicide, and the prior herbicide has poor weeding effect. And provides a method suitable for cultivating and weeding industrial hemp.
The invention relates to a method suitable for cultivating and weeding industrial hemp, wherein the industrial hemp is fiber type industrial hemp, and the cultivation and weeding of the industrial hemp are carried out according to the following steps:
1) variety selection:
selecting industrial hemp seeds propagated in 2-3 latitude areas lower than the field to be planted;
2) selecting land and stubble
Selecting black land with pH of 6.5-7.5, wherein the selected black land does not use long-residual herbicide within 4 years; selecting crop rotation with gramineous crops;
3) seeding
Early sowing is carried out, the row spacing of sowing is 7-8 cm, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the sowing quantity is 500 ten thousand grains per hectare; compacting in time after sowing;
4) weeding before seedling
After sowing, spraying 65% metolachlor missible oil and 40% field-application prometryn missible oil mixed herbicide by using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to the mass concentration of 3L/hm 2 The spraying amount of the herbicide is used for closed weeding;
5) weeding after seedling
When the height of industrial hemp plants reaches 25-35 cm, spraying a mixed herbicide of bromoxynil octanoate with the mass concentration of 20% and clethodim with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the spraying amount is 1-2L/hm 2 (ii) a Then spraying plant protective agent with the spraying amount of 0.5-2L/hm 2 ；
The botanical protective agent comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of ligusticum wallichii extract, 10-30 parts of pimpinella diversifolia extract, 5-10 parts of clove oil and 2-6 parts of phosphoric acid;
6) management of field
When the height of the industrial hemp plant is 25-35 cm, watering in time when a plurality of drought and rain are less; if strong rainfall and continuous rainfall occur, accumulated water in the low-lying land blocks is timely drained;
7) and (5) harvesting the hemp.
The industrial hemp for harvesting fibers is as follows: when 50-75% of the sowing area of the industrial hemp male plant passes the flowering phase and pollen falls off, the female plant begins to seed, the upper leaves of the stem are in yellow green, and the lower 1/3 leaves are withered; the bracts outside the seeds are brown and dry, and the seeds are harvested when the seeds at the tip are green.
The invention relates to a method suitable for cultivating and weeding industrial hemp, wherein the industrial hemp is a seed-used close-planting or thin-planting type industrial hemp, and the cultivation and weeding of the industrial hemp are carried out according to the following steps:
1) variety selection:
selecting seeds with the germination rate of more than or equal to 85 percent, the impurity content of less than 1.5 percent and the water content of the seeds of 10-12 percent;
2) selecting land and stubble
Selecting black land with pH of 6.5-7.5, wherein the selected black land does not use long-residual herbicide within 4 years; selecting crop rotation with gramineous crops;
3) seeding
After the soil preparation operation, planting at the interval of two ridges, sowing the seeds at the depth of 2-3cm, and compacting in time; the number of seedlings per mu of the seed dense planting type industrial hemp is 1000-; the number of seedlings per mu of the seed thin planting type industrial hemp is 400-625, and the hole distance is 0.8-1 m;
4) weeding before seedling
After sowing, spraying 65% metolachlor missible oil and 40% field-application prometryn missible oil mixed herbicide by using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to the mass concentration of 3L/hm 2 The spraying amount of the herbicide is used for closed weeding;
5) weeding after seedling
When the height of industrial hemp plants is 25-35 cm, spraying a mixed herbicide of bromoxynil octanoate with the mass concentration of 20% and clethodim with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the spraying amount is 1-2L/hm 2 (ii) a Then spraying plant protective agent with the spraying amount of 0.5-2Lhm 2 ；
The botanical protective agent comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of ligusticum wallichii extract, 10-30 parts of pimpinella diversifolia extract, 5-10 parts of clove oil and 2-6 parts of phosphoric acid;
6) management of field
When the height of industrial hemp plants is 25-35 cm, watering in time when a plurality of drought and rain are less; if strong rainfall and continuous rainfall occur, accumulated water in the low-lying land blocks is timely drained;
7) and (5) harvesting the hemp.
The invention relates to a close planting type for seeds (for seeds): seeds were harvested when 50% of the seeds hardened. After harvesting, the cells were kept in a ventilated and light-protected place under vacuum.
Thin planting type for seeds (medicinal): when more than 50% of the stigma on the female flower withers and changes color, the plant is close to maturity. When 60% -70% of the column head has color change, the flower-leaf mode harvest time is entered. That is, the female plant at 2/3 was in full-bloom, and the top spikes and hemp leaves began to be harvested. After harvesting, the cells were kept in a ventilated and light-protected place under vacuum.
The invention selects sandy land with pH of 6.5-7.5, deep black soil layer, loose plough layer and good permeability, and also can be used for flatland, flat hilly land and two low-lying lands with good drainage. The viscous soil has poor drainage, and is easy to accumulate water to cause poor seedling emergence and root rot. Avoiding the use of too long residual herbicides within 4 years such as: planting Cannabis sativa in plots of imazethapyr, sulfonylurea and clomazone.
Hemp is not suitable for long-term continuous cropping, can be crop-rotated with corn, wheat, rape, vegetables, melons, potatoes, tobacco and other crops, and is most beneficial to disease control with gramineous crop rotation. 4-5 years of reasonable rotation should be carried out, and continuous or windward cropping of hemp is forbidden. On the basis of reasonable rotation, corn, soybean and wheat stubble are selected. Corn crop rotation was selected in this example.
Further, the germination rate of the industrial hemp seeds in the step 1) is more than or equal to 85%, the impurity content is less than 1.5%, and the water content of the seeds is 10-15%.
Further, the preparation method of the ligusticum wallichii extract comprises the following steps:
taking the ligusticum wallichii, sieving the ligusticum wallichii with a 20-mesh sieve, and mixing the raw materials according to a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 1.5-2 ml of petroleum ether-95% ethanol solution, loading into a chromatographic column, standing at room temperature for 1-3 h, eluting with petroleum ether-95% ethanol solution at the flow rate of 1.0MV/h, and collecting eluate to obtain the rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong extract.
Further, the preparation method of the pimpinella diversifolia extract comprises the following steps:
crushing pimpinella diversifolia, drying, and screening by a 70-mesh sieve, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1 g: adding 50% by volume of ethanol into 50-100 mL of the extract, extracting for 60-100 min at 50-60 ℃ under an ultrasonic condition, collecting an extracting solution, centrifuging, and collecting a supernatant to obtain the pimpinella diversifolia extract.
Further, the volume ratio of the metolachlor missible oil with the mass concentration of 65% and the zephyr missible oil with the mass concentration of 40% in the step 2) is 1: 0.5 to 1.
Further, the volume ratio of bromoxynil octanoate with the mass concentration of 20% to clethodim with the mass concentration of 10% is 1: 1.
further, the long residual effect herbicide is imazethapyr, sulfonylurea or clomazone.
Further, the gramineous crop is corn, soybean, wheat, rape or tobacco.
Further, the early sowing in the step 3) means that the sowing period in the area of Heilongjiang province is 4 months, 5 days to 4 months, 25 days; or after clearing the clear soil and thawing the soil by 5-10 cm, and sowing in the south China; or top-up sowing or first winter sowing.
Further, spraying the plant protective agent and mixing the herbicide by using an unmanned aerial vehicle in the step 5).
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the plant source protective agent, and has effective protective effect on the conditions of seedling death and the like caused by the damage of industrial hemp seedling leaves caused by the herbicide. According to the invention, the ligusticum wallichii extract is matched with the pimpinella diversifolia extract, and the ligusticum wallichii extract and the pimpinella diversifolia extract are combined to act together, so that the protection effect can be obviously enhanced. And the protective effect of clove oil and phosphoric acid auxiliary ligusticum wallichii extract and pimpinella diversifolia extract are added, and experiments prove that the protective effect of the clove oil and the phosphoric acid on herbicides is obviously enhanced after the clove oil and the phosphoric acid are added.
2. The invention adopts metolachlor missible oil with the mass concentration of 65 percent and metoclopramide missible oil with the mass concentration of 40 percent applied before seedling; bromoxynil octanoate with the mass concentration of 20% and clethodim with the mass concentration of 10% are applied after seedling; through the selection of the herbicide, experiments show that the weeding effect is very obvious and is obviously superior to that of the conventional industrial hemp herbicide. The herbicide, the dosage and the method are obtained through years of test summary, and can efficiently weed, and are safe and economical.
3. Use unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, utilize artifical backpack hand sprayer or spout the medicine machine before, efficiency is higher, saves the quantity of pesticide, reduces the pollution of environment.
4. The cultivation technology is matched with a post-emergence weeding method, so that the planting technology is greatly improved, the harm of weeds to industrial hemp plants is reduced, the growth vigor of the plants is improved, and the yield is increased.
Detailed Description
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
To make the objects, aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description clearly illustrates the spirit of the disclosure, and any person skilled in the art, after understanding the embodiments of the disclosure, may make changes and modifications to the technology taught by the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention and should not be interpreted as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The cultivation and weeding method suitable for the fiber type industrial hemp is carried out according to the following steps:
1. variety selection:
selecting registered hemp variety, ecological condition, lodging resistance and disease resistance; seeds are preferably selected for planting that propagate in 2 to 3 latitudinal regions below the planting field. The fiber type industrial hemp selected in this example was a long hemp No. 3.
2. Seed quality
The germination rate is more than or equal to 85 percent, the impurity content is less than 1.5 percent, the water content of the seeds is about 12 percent, and the aged seeds in alternate years are forbidden.
3. Selecting land and stubble
Selecting a Pingchun land with the pH value of 6.5-7.5, deep black soil layer, loose plough layer and good permeability. Avoiding the use of too long residual herbicides within 4 years such as: planting Cannabis sativa in plots of imazethapyr, sulfonylurea and clomazone. The crop of the previous crop in the embodiment is corn.
4. Seeding
Early sowing in real time, wherein the sowing is carried out in an experimental land of Heilongjiang province, and the sowing period is 4 months, 5 days to 4 months, 25 days. After the soil preparation operation, the soil should reach the upper deficiency and the lower excess, the land is flat, the surface soil has no big soil blocks, the plough layer has no dark and Rough soil, 48 rows of grain seeders are adopted for seeding, the row spacing is 7.5cm, and the seeding depth is 3cm-4 cm. 500 ten thousand grains per hectare. After sowing, the seeds are timely compacted according to the soil moisture content, the compacting speed is not too fast, otherwise, the compacting effect cannot be achieved.
5. Weeding before seedling
Spraying 65% of metolachlor missible oil and 40% of field prometryn missible oil by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and mixing the metolachlor missible oil and the field prometryn missible oil by 3L/hm 2 Closed weeding has no adverse effect on the emergence of seedlings and the growth of industrial hemp at the seedling stage, can reduce the influence of weeds on the growth of industrial hemp seedlings, promote the robust growth of industrial hemp, improve thousand seed weight and increase yield.
6. Weeding after seedling
When the plant height reaches about 30cm, a field pesticide sprayer is used, a cover is arranged at a pesticide spraying opening of the pesticide sprayer, the herbicide is prevented from being sprayed on stems and leaves of industrial hemp, the herbicide can be sprayed into furrows more accurately and effectively, and bromoxynil octanoate with the mass concentration of 20% and clethodim 10% are sprayed firstlyMixing with herbicide, and spraying amount is 1.5L/hm 2 (ii) a Then spraying plant protective agent with the spraying amount of 1.5L/hm 2 (ii) a Can well prevent and kill off annual broadleaf weeds in industrial hemp fields.
The botanical protective agent consists of 20g of ligusticum wallichii extract, 20g of pimpinella diversifolia extract, 8g of clove oil and 6g of phosphoric acid in parts by weight;
the preparation method of the ligusticum wallichii extract comprises the following steps:
taking the ligusticum wallichii, sieving the ligusticum wallichii with a 20-mesh sieve, and mixing the raw materials according to a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 1.5ml of petroleum ether-95% ethanol (7:4) solution, loading into a chromatographic column, standing at room temperature for 1-3 h, eluting with petroleum ether-95% ethanol (7:4) solution at a flow rate of 1.0MV/h (the amount of saturated liquid absorption of MV as material, which is the minimum volume unit of the dosage of the extracting solution), and collecting the eluent to obtain the Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort extract (containing a large amount of ligustilide).
The preparation method of the pimpinella diversifolia extract comprises the following steps:
crushing pimpinella diversifolia, drying, sieving by a 70-mesh sieve, and mixing according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding ethanol with volume percentage content of 50% into 80mL, extracting at 60 deg.C under ultrasonic condition for 100min, collecting extractive solution, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain pimpinella diversifolia extract (containing pimpinella diversifolia lactone).
7. Management of field
When the hemp grows to about 30cm and enters a rapid growth period, irrigation is needed in time if drought and rain fall so as to meet the requirement of dry matter accumulation on water in the period. Industrial hemp is afraid of water and cheat in life, and accumulated water in low-lying land blocks is removed in time when strong precipitation and continuous rainfall occur in the growing period.
8. Harvesting in good time and keeping properly
When 50-75% of male plants pass the flowering period and pollen is scattered in a large amount, female plants begin to fruit, leaves on the upper part of stems are in a yellow-green color, and leaves on the lower part of the stems are in a withered period of 1/3. The bracts outside the seeds are brown and dry, and the seeds are harvested when the seeds at the tip are green. After harvesting, the cells were kept in a ventilated and light-protected place under vacuum.
Example 2
The method for cultivating and weeding the seed close planting (thin planting) type industrial hemp is carried out according to the following steps:
1. variety selection:
the registered hemp variety must be selected, and the excellent variety with high mosaic yield, high seed yield, high CBD content and strong disease resistance must be selected according to the ecological conditions of the field. The seed-used densely-planted industrial hemp used in this example was cannabis sativa No. 6, and the seed-used thinly-planted industrial hemp used was cannabis sativa No. 9.
2. Seed quality
The germination rate is more than or equal to 85 percent, the impurity content is less than 1.5 percent, the water content of the seeds is about 12 percent, and the aged seeds in next year are forbidden.
3. Selecting land and stubble
Selecting sandy land with pH value of 6.5-7.5, deep black soil layer, loose plough layer and good permeability. The viscous soil has poor drainage, and is easy to accumulate water to cause poor seedling emergence and root rot. Avoiding the use of overlong residual herbicides such as: planting Cannabis sativa in plots of imazethapyr, sulfonylurea and clomazone. The crop of the previous crop in the embodiment is corn.
4. Seeding
After the tillage operation, the soil should reach the conditions of deficiency in the upper part, deficiency in the lower part, solid and flat land, no big soil block on the surface, no dark and bumpy plough layer, and 0.65 m ridge. An air-suction type seeder (double ridges or four ridges) is adopted for ridge planting and hole seeding, and planting is carried out at two ridges. When the water content of the soil is low, the soil can be deeply sowed, but the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and the soil is timely compacted. The land parcel with sufficient soil moisture or heavy soil can be compacted within 1-2 days after sowing. The number of seedlings per mu is 1000-1200 for close planting type seeds, and the hole distance is 0.4-0.5 m; the seed is thinly planted with 625 seedlings with the number of 400-625 seedlings per mu, and the hole distance is 0.8-1 meter.
5. Weeding before seedling
Spraying 65% of metolachlor missible oil and 40% of field prometryn missible oil by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and mixing the metolachlor missible oil and the field prometryn missible oil by 3L/hm 2 Closed weeding has no adverse effect on the emergence of seedlings and the growth of seedlings of industrial hemp, can reduce the effect of weeds on the growth of seedlings of industrial hemp, promote the robust growth of industrial hemp, improve the thousand seed weight and increase the yield.
6. Weeding after seedling
When the plant height reaches about 30cm, a field pesticide sprayer is used, a cover is arranged at a pesticide spraying opening of the pesticide sprayer, the herbicide is prevented from being sprayed on hemp stems and leaves, the herbicide can be accurately and effectively sprayed into furrows, the bromoxynil octanoate with the mass concentration of 20 percent and the clethodim with the mass concentration of 10 percent are firstly sprayed, and the spraying amount is 1.5L/hm 2 (ii) a Then spraying plant protective agent with the spraying amount of 1.5L/hm 2 (ii) a Can well prevent and kill off annual broadleaf weeds in hemp fields. The seeds are planted in two ridges at intervals, so that the seeds for the seeds are more in branches of the industrial hemp, the occupied space is larger, and the mechanical pesticide spraying is facilitated.
The botanical protective agent consists of 20g of ligusticum wallichii extract, 20g of pimpinella diversifolia extract, 8g of clove oil and 6g of phosphoric acid in parts by weight;
the preparation method of the ligusticum wallichii extract comprises the following steps:
taking the ligusticum wallichii, sieving the ligusticum wallichii with a 20-mesh sieve, and mixing the raw materials according to a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding petroleum ether-95% ethanol (7:4) solution at a ratio of 1.5ml, loading into a chromatographic column, standing at room temperature for 1-3 h, eluting with petroleum ether-95% ethanol (7:4) solution at a flow rate of 1.0MV/h (the amount of saturated liquid absorption of MV as the material, the minimum volume unit of the amount of the extract), and collecting the eluate to obtain rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong extract (containing a large amount of ligustilide).
The preparation method of the pimpinella diversifolia extract comprises the following steps:
crushing pimpinella diversifolia, drying, sieving by a 70-mesh sieve, and mixing according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding ethanol with volume percentage content of 50% into 80mL, extracting at 60 deg.C under ultrasonic condition for 100min, collecting extractive solution, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain pimpinella diversifolia extract (containing pimpinella diversifolia lactone).
7. Management of field
Industrial hemp has a different water demand in each growth period. The water needed in the seedling stage is small, so that the roots of the hemp seedlings grow to the lower part of the soil layer in order to make the roots of the hemp seedlings grow strongly, the soil is not easy to be over wet, the drought resistance and the non-watering in the seedling stage are realized, and the drought resistance of the hemp seedlings is improved.
8. Harvesting in good time and keeping properly
Close planting type industrial hemp for seeds: seeds were harvested when 50% of the seeds hardened. After harvesting, the cells were kept in a ventilated and light-protected place under vacuum.
Sparse planting type industrial hemp for seeds: when more than 50% of the stigma on the female flower withers and changes color, the plant is close to maturity. When 60% -70% of the column heads are changed in color, the harvesting time of the flower and leaf mode is entered. That is, the female plant at 2/3 was in full-bloom, and the top spikes and hemp leaves began to be harvested. After harvesting, the cells were kept in a ventilated and light-protected place under vacuum.
The experimental conditions are as follows: no drug was applied as a blank. The following comparative examples were also set up for comparative analysis.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the spraying of plant protective agent is omitted. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example, as a positive control, differs from example 1 in that: replacing pre-emergence weeding with 95% metolachlor missible oil; the post-emergence weeding is replaced by 56% of 2-methyl-4-chloro sodium salt and 24% of clethodim. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: clove oil and phosphoric acid are omitted from the plant protective agent. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the clove oil in the plant protective agent is replaced by litsea cubeba oil; phosphoric acid was replaced with citric acid. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the plant protectant contains Pimpinella diversifolia extract. The rest is the same as in example 1.
And (4) analyzing results:
influence of different treatment modes on plant height and fresh weight of industrial hemp
As shown in Table 1, it can be seen from Table 1 that examples 1 and 2 have significantly reduced the effect of herbicides on the growth of industrial hemp under the conditions of phytoprotectant protection. Through verification of a comparative example, the influence of the herbicide on the growth of industrial hemp can be further determined after the added pimpinella diversifolia extract and the ligusticum wallichii extract are matched. The added clove oil and phosphoric acid play a role in protecting the pimpinella diversifolia extract and the ligusticum wallichii extract and also have important auxiliary effects. The litsea cubeba oil and citric acid are replaced by litsea cubeba oil, and the auxiliary effect on the pimpinella diversifolia extract and the ligusticum wallichii extract is obviously reduced.
TABLE 1 Effect of time after each group of different drugs on plant height and fresh weight of industrial hemp
Performing perfect investigation and analysis on the industrial hemp seedlings of each group, counting the emergence rate of the seedlings, investigating whether the seedlings generate phytotoxicity, counting the cases of the seedlings with phytotoxicity, and calculating the damaged plant rate; the investigation target was observed for the symptoms of the injury at the same time, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 post-drug time versus number of industrial hemp victims and victims for each group
The herbicidal control effects of the herbicides of the schemes of examples 1 and 2 were investigated while 3 control groups were set and no application was used as a blank control.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the post-emergence weeding is replaced by 56% of 2-methyl-4-chloro sodium salt and 24% of clethodim. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the pre-emergence weeding is replaced by 95 percent metolachlor missible oil. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: replacing pre-emergence weeding with 95% metolachlor missible oil; the post-emergence weeding is replaced by 56% of 2-methyl-4-chloro sodium salt and 24% of clethodim. The rest is the same as in example 1.
And (4) analyzing results:
weeding effect on industrial hemp planting field by different treatment modes
The number of the survived weeds is investigated at 14d and 28d after the application, and the plant control effect of the herbicide on the weeds is calculated; calculating the formula:
the plant control effect is (the number of weeds in a control area-the number of weeds in a control area)/the number of weeds in the control area multiplied by 100%.
Weighing the fresh weight of the overground part of the weed at 28 th day after the application of the herbicide, and calculating the fresh weight control effect of the herbicide on the weed; calculating the formula:
the fresh weight control effect (%) [ (control area fresh weight-application area fresh weight)/control area fresh weight ] × 100%.
The results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 plant control efficacy on industrial hemp plant fields treated in different ways
TABLE 4 fresh weight control of industrial hemp fields treated in different ways
From tables 3 and 4, it can be confirmed that the herbicides used in examples 1 and 2 are superior in herbicidal effect to the existing herbicides.
Claims (10)
1. The industrial hemp cultivation and weeding method is characterized in that the industrial hemp is fiber type industrial hemp, and the industrial hemp cultivation and weeding are carried out according to the following steps:
1) variety selection:
selecting industrial hemp seeds propagated in 2-3 latitude areas lower than the field to be planted;
2) selecting land and stubble
Selecting black land with pH of 6.5-7.5, wherein the selected black land does not use long-residual herbicide within 4 years; selecting crop rotation with gramineous crops;
3) seeding
Early sowing is carried out, the row spacing of sowing is 7-8 cm, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the sowing quantity is 500 ten thousand grains per hectare; compacting in time after sowing;
4) weeding before seedling
After sowing, spraying 65% metolachlor missible oil and 40% field-application prometryn missible oil mixed herbicide by using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to the mass concentration of 3L/hm 2 The spraying amount of the herbicide is used for closed weeding;
5) weeding after seedling
When the height of industrial hemp plants is 25-35 cm, spraying a mixed herbicide of bromoxynil octanoate with the mass concentration of 20% and clethodim with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the spraying amount is 1-2L/hm 2 (ii) a Then spraying plant protective agent with the spraying amount of 0.5-2L/hm 2 ；
The botanical protective agent comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of ligusticum wallichii extract, 10-30 parts of pimpinella diversifolia extract, 5-10 parts of clove oil and 2-6 parts of phosphoric acid;
6) management of field
When the height of the industrial hemp plant is 25-35 cm, watering in time when a plurality of drought and rain are less; if strong rainfall and continuous rainfall occur, accumulated water in the low-lying land blocks is timely drained;
7) and (5) harvesting the hemp.
2. The method for cultivating and weeding industrial hemp according to claim 1, characterized in that the germination rate of the industrial hemp seeds in step 1) is not less than 85%, the impurity content is less than 1.5%, and the water content of the seeds is 10-15%.
3. The method for cultivating and weeding industrial hemp according to claim 1, wherein the ligusticum chuanxiong hort extract is prepared by the following steps:
taking the ligusticum wallichii, sieving the ligusticum wallichii with a 20-mesh sieve, and mixing the raw materials according to a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 1.5-2 ml of petroleum ether-95% ethanol solution, loading into a chromatographic column, standing at room temperature for 1-3 h, eluting with petroleum ether-95% ethanol solution at the flow rate of 1.0MV/h, and collecting eluate to obtain rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong extract; wherein the volume ratio of the petroleum ether to the 95 percent ethanol is 7: 4.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pimpinella diversifolia extract is prepared by the following steps:
crushing pimpinella diversifolia, drying, sieving by a 70-mesh sieve, and mixing according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1 g: adding 50% by volume of ethanol into 50-100 mL of the extract, extracting for 60-100 min at 50-60 ℃ under an ultrasonic condition, collecting an extracting solution, centrifuging, and collecting a supernatant to obtain the pimpinella diversifolia extract.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of 65% metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate to 40% metoclopramide emulsifiable concentrate in step 2) is 1: 0.5 to 1.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of bromoxynil octanoate at 20% by mass to clethodim at 10% by mass is 1: 1.
7. the method of claim 1, wherein the gramineous crop is corn, soybean, wheat, canola or tobacco.
8. The method for cultivating and weeding industrial hemp according to claim 1, wherein the early sowing in step 3) is performed at a sowing time of 4 months, 5 days to 4 months, 25 days in the region of Heilongjiang province; or after clearing the clear soil and thawing the soil by 5-10 cm, and sowing in the south China; or top sowing or winter sowing in the first year.
9. The method for cultivating and weeding industrial hemp according to claim 1, wherein the plant protectant and the mixed herbicide are sprayed by the unmanned aerial vehicle in step 5).
10. The industrial hemp cultivation and weeding method is characterized in that the industrial hemp is a seed-used close-planting or thin-planting type industrial hemp, and the industrial hemp cultivation and weeding are carried out according to the following steps:
1) variety selection:
selecting seeds with the germination rate of more than or equal to 85 percent, the impurity content of less than 1.5 percent and the water content of 10-12 percent;
2) selecting land and stubble
Selecting black land with pH of 6.5-7.5, wherein the selected black land does not use long residual effect herbicide within 4 years; selecting crop rotation with gramineous crops;
3) seeding
After the soil preparation operation, planting at the interval of two ridges, sowing the seeds at the depth of 2-3cm, and compacting in time; the number of seedlings per mu of the seed dense planting type industrial hemp is 1000-; the number of seedlings per mu of the seed thin planting type industrial hemp is 400-625, and the hole distance is 0.8-1 m;
4) weeding before seedling
After sowing, spraying 65% metolachlor missible oil and 40% field-application prometryn missible oil mixed herbicide by using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to the mass concentration of 3L/hm 2 The spraying amount of the herbicide is used for closed weeding;
5) weeding after seedling
When the height of industrial hemp plants is 25-35 cm, spraying a mixed herbicide of bromoxynil octanoate with the mass concentration of 20% and clethodim with the mass concentration of 10%, wherein the spraying amount is 1-2L/hm 2 (ii) a Then spraying plant protective agent with the spraying amount of 0.5-2L/hm 2 ；
The botanical protective agent comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of ligusticum wallichii extract, 10-30 parts of pimpinella diversifolia extract, 5-10 parts of clove oil and 2-6 parts of phosphoric acid;
6) management of field
When the height of the industrial hemp plant is 25-35 cm, watering in time when a plurality of drought and rain are less; if strong rainfall and continuous rainfall occur, accumulated water in the low-lying land blocks is timely drained;
7) and (5) harvesting the hemp.
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