CN114946464B - Full-biodegradation seedling pot derived from vegetables and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Full-biodegradation seedling pot derived from vegetables and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946464B CN114946464B CN202210780337.3A CN202210780337A CN114946464B CN 114946464 B CN114946464 B CN 114946464B CN 202210780337 A CN202210780337 A CN 202210780337A CN 114946464 B CN114946464 B CN 114946464B
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical group [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 expanded ceramsite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 35
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000467 Carum carvi Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005747 Carum carvi Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001046 Nanocellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012773 agricultural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/664—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2230/00—Compositions for preparing biodegradable polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a full-biodegradation seedling pot derived from vegetables and a preparation method thereof. The material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: vegetable substrate: 20-70% of turf: 5-40% of humus soil: 20-40% of inorganic minerals: 1-5% of an adhesive: 3-10%. The prepared vegetable substrate can realize thermoplastic processing of hot press molding, endows the vegetable cellulose with new melting characteristics, utilizes the characteristics of excellent compression resistance, water absorption and water retention of the vegetable cellulose, does not influence the growth of crop seedlings and damage crop root systems, effectively optimizes the comprehensive performance of the seedling pot, fundamentally solves the processing problem of vegetable tails, provides a processing path, improves the difficulty of reutilization of waste agricultural resources, and promotes the green sustainable development of agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of full-biodegradation agricultural materials, and particularly relates to a full-biodegradation seedling pot derived from vegetables and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The seedling pot has the functions of absorbing heat in the daytime, preserving heat and protecting roots at night and fertilizer, and also has the water-retaining effect during drought. With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the economic plants such as crops, flowers, seedlings and the like are cultivated in an early stage through seedling raising bowls, and the agricultural mode has become an important growth point for promoting the income of farmers. At present, most of the seedling raising bowls commonly used in China are general plastic (such as PVA, PE and the like) products, and the seedling raising bowls are characterized by low cost, light weight and good water retention property, but are extremely difficult to degrade under natural conditions after being used, easy to cause soil pollution, and poor in air permeability, are not beneficial to the growth of plant root systems, cause root injury and root rot, and reduce the survival rate of transplanting. With the emphasis of the country on biological resources, in order to solve the problem of soil pollution caused by microplastic, the adoption of degradable seedling raising bowls with degradable plastics as raw materials to replace the traditional plastic seedling raising bowls is a necessary trend of development.
Vegetable waste is generated after the vegetables are harvested, a large amount of vegetable leaf resources are wasted, the quantity of vegetable tails in China is huge, and vegetable growers can only pile the vegetable tails in the field or pour the vegetable tails into ditches. The effect of the vegetables cannot be scientifically and reasonably utilized, and certain pollution is caused to the ecological environment. The waste vegetable leaves without mildew still have rich nutrition, contain components such as pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like, and have the nutrition specificity and recessive recycling value. The cellulose is widely applied to the fields of nano cellulose fiber production, seedling raising pot production, composite packaging film preparation, livestock and poultry cultivation and the like, can play a role in changing waste into valuables, gradually improves the comprehensive utilization mode of vegetable tails so as to widen the application range of the vegetable waste leaves in the agricultural field, and meanwhile, can effectively reduce the production and manufacturing cost of seedling raising pot products, realize the high-value utilization of cellulose in the vegetable waste leaves, and has important epoch-making significance for promoting the effective utilization of biomass resources and the green development of high polymer materials.
CN1271039a discloses a product containing plant fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein plant fiber is used as a main raw material, cereal starch is used as a binder, and rapeseed oil or food-grade paraffin is used as a release agent. The production method requires a large amount of cereal starch and rapeseed oil, which increases the production cost certainly, and even if paraffin is used to reduce the cost to a certain extent, the paraffin is not easy to degrade in soil, and secondary pollution and soil damage can be causedSoil structure. CN125502A discloses a method for manufacturing a plant straw seedling raising container, wherein waste plant straw is adopted as a raw material, and the waste plant straw is dried, crushed and graded, and finally heated and pressurized in a die for forming. The main processing parameters of the method are as follows: the plant straw crushed granularity is 0.4-5 mm, the heating temperature of the die is 170-210 ℃, and the applied pressure is 10-15kg/cm 2 . According to the processing parameters, the plant straw crushing requirements are high, the energy consumption is high, the heating temperature in the hot press forming process is high, and the production cost is high. CN104719037a discloses a novel degradable seedling raising pot, which is obtained by mixing and sealing crushed plant straw and livestock manure swamp liquid, fermenting, compressing and forming, and then airing, and has the defects of complex preparation process, low compressive strength of finished products and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that the preparation cost of the seedling pot is high, biomass resources such as waste vegetable leaves are not effectively utilized and the like in the prior art, and provides a full-biodegradation seedling pot derived from vegetables and a preparation method thereof. The prepared seedling pot is fully biodegradable, has excellent compression resistance, water absorption, water retention and air permeability, does not influence the growth of crop seedlings and damage crop roots, can improve the comprehensive utilization mode of vegetable tails, changes waste into valuable, and realizes the efficient utilization of resources.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the full-biodegradation seedling pot derived from vegetables is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
vegetable substrate: 20 to 70 percent
Turf: 5 to 40 percent
Humus soil: 20 to 40 percent
Inorganic minerals: 1 to 5 percent of
And (3) an adhesive: 3 to 10 percent.
In the invention, the vegetable matrix is a thermoplastic regenerated vegetable cellulose copolymer with a permanent isolated hydrogen bond network structure constructed by a two-step breaking and disassembling method;
in one embodiment, the method for preparing a vegetable substrate comprises the steps of:
(1) Firstly, crushing vegetables, dehydrating and drying, sieving the vegetable powder, dissolving 1-20 parts of the sieved vegetable powder in 5-80 parts of NaOH solution, heating the system to 35-55 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 0.5-1.5 h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and carrying out suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction is completed. Adding the product into 10-100 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 60-75 ℃ in a water bath, heating and stirring for 0.5-1 h, removing lignocellulose in vegetable powder, filtering, drying and extracting to obtain Vegetable Cellulose (VC) after the reaction is finished;
(2) At room temperature, 1 to 10 parts of VC is dissolved in 5 to 50 parts of NaOH solution, frozen to solid, then taken out and placed at room temperature for thawing, and 10 to 80 parts of distilled water is added while stirring, so as to prepare cellulose solution. Adding 5-20 parts of cellulose solution into 20-80 parts of coagulating bath, filtering, washing until the system is neutral, and obtaining Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC) through dissolution and regeneration;
(3) Adding 0.1-5 parts of RVC and 1-30 parts of plasticizer into a reactor together, premixing for 12-48 h at 30-60 ℃, then raising the temperature of the system to 80-100 ℃, dewatering for 0.5-3 h at 400-800 Pa, adding 0.001-0.005 part of catalyst into the reactor, starting stirring to start polymerization reaction, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation in a gradient heating mode in the reaction process: 80-100 ℃ for 1-3 h; 100-120 ℃ for 0.5-2 h; 120-140 ℃ for 1-3 h; 140-160 deg.c for 2-4 hr and 600-700 Pa. After the reaction is completed, the mechanical stirring is closed, and the temperature of the system is waited for to be reduced;
(4) When the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃, 10-50 parts of swelling agent is added into the mixture, after dehydration is carried out for 1-3 hours under the pressure of 600-700 Pa, nitrogen is introduced into the system, and the polymerization reaction is ensured to be carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere. Then the temperature of the system is increased to 80-120 ℃, 1-20 parts of chain extender is added into the system, and the temperature is kept for 1-3 hours. After the reaction is finished, adding a large amount of organic solvent into the system, stirring for 1-3 hours, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, and then washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a primary product. And then the preliminary product is dried and then extracted by the organic solvent for 24 to 48 hours to remove a small amount of homo-polymerized byproducts, and the purified product is the vegetable matrix.
In the invention, the vegetables are one or more of baby cabbage, spinach, cabbage, lettuce, rape, caraway and cauliflower;
the vegetable powder is sieved according to the particle size, and the average particle size is 45-120 meshes; the concentration of the NaOH solution is 9-16wt%;
the concentration of the sodium chlorite aqueous solution in the mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid is 5-10wt%, the concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1-5wt%, and the mass ratio of the sodium chlorite aqueous solution to the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1:0.5 to 3;
the coagulating bath is one or more of acetic acid, L-lactic acid, ethanol, acetone and isopropanol;
the plasticizer is L-lactic acid and/or lactide;
the catalyst is stannous octoate and/or stannous chloride;
the swelling agent is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide;
the chain extender is epsilon-caprolactone and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate;
the organic solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran and acetone;
the preparation method comprises the steps of realizing temporary resolution of a hydrogen bond network and a crystal structure of vegetable cellulose by a pretreatment method of dissolution and regeneration, taking Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC) with improved accessibility as a precursor, adopting a two-step modification method for chemical modification based on the characteristics of low RVC heterogeneous reaction efficiency and poor effect, gradually proceeding from outside to inside, firstly introducing a degradable polylactic acid side chain to primarily break down a compact structure of the cellulose, constructing a structure which incompletely and permanently isolates the hydrogen bond network, increasing the molecular chain spacing of the cellulose, improving the flowing capacity of the molecular chain, and then further grafting a flexible long chain with excellent thermoplastic capability on a cellulose skeleton by two-step modification to prepare the vegetable matrix. On one hand, when the vegetable matrix prepared by the method provided by the invention is used as a matrix material, the thermoplastic processing of hot press molding can be realized, and the novel melting characteristic of vegetable cellulose is endowed; on the other hand, the vegetable tail vegetable recycling scheme is practically provided, the transformation and upgrading of the vegetable industry are promoted, the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted, the excellent compression resistance, water absorption and water retention of vegetable cellulose are utilized, the growth of crop seedlings is not affected, the crop root system is not damaged, and the comprehensive performance of the seedling raising pot is effectively optimized.
In the invention, the grass carbon has the organic matter content of more than 20 percent, the specific gravity of 0.6-1.2 and the PH value of 5.5-8.0; the grain size of the humus soil is 50-2000 meshes, and the water content is 1-20%; the inorganic mineral is one or more of vermiculite, perlite, expanded ceramsite, slag and stone; the adhesive is one or more of sodium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and starch.
A method for preparing a full-biodegradable seedling pot from vegetables, comprising the following steps:
(1) Optionally, drying the vegetable substrate for 3-6 hours at 40-80 ℃ before use;
(2) Crushing the dried vegetable matrix by a crusher and sieving the crushed vegetable matrix into matrix powder of 60-200 meshes;
(3) Adding matrix powder, turf, humus soil, inorganic minerals and an adhesive into a high-speed mixer, fully mixing for 5-20 min, adding the uniformly mixed materials into a hot press forming machine, pressing for 30-90 s at the temperature of 120-180 ℃ under the pressure of 1-3 MPa, demoulding, cooling for 12-36 h, and forming and solidifying to obtain the product.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention takes the vegetable matrix as the matrix material, prepares the full-biodegradation seedling pot from vegetables by a hot press molding method, realizes the effective utilization of waste vegetable leaves, really solves the utilization problem of good tail vegetable resource, promotes transformation and upgrading of vegetable industry, expands the industrial application range of the vegetable industry, and can generate better environmental benefit and economic value. Simultaneously, the density of the full-biodegradable seedling pot is effectively reduced, and the compression resistance is improved. The full-biodegradation seedling raising pot also has excellent water absorbability, water retention property and air permeability, plant roots can normally penetrate the seedling raising pot, the growth of crop seedlings is not affected, pot-seedling integrated transplanting can be realized, and the problem of damaging the crop roots is avoided. In addition, after the crops are transplanted to the field, the components such as vegetable matrixes, turf, humus soil and the like in the full-biodegradation seedling pot can be degraded in the soil, so that the green sustainable development of agriculture is promoted, and the method has important epoch-making significance for promoting the effective utilization of biomass resources and the green development of high polymer materials.
Detailed Description
The raw material information used in the following examples and comparative examples is:
the vegetable matrix is self-made; turf was purchased from Qingzhou Yongshun seedling substrate factories; humus soil is purchased from a Taian Wo field ecological agriculture development center; the inorganic mineral is perlite, purchased from the company Jun Teng, cantonese; the adhesive is sodium silicate, and is purchased from Ruihe novel materials.
Mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid: the concentration of the sodium chlorite aqueous solution is 10wt%, the concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 3wt%, and the ratio of the sodium chlorite aqueous solution to the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1:1.
the invention will be further elucidated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the description of the invention, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
The parts described in the examples are all parts by mass.
Example 1
The preparation method of the vegetable matrix comprises the following steps:
crushing spinach by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, dehydrating and drying, sieving vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 2 parts of sieved vegetable powder in 8 parts of 16% NaOH solution, heating the system to 35 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 0.5h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and carrying out suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction. Adding the product into 15 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 60 ℃ in water bath, stirring for 0.5h, removing lignocellulose in vegetable powder, filtering, drying and extracting to obtain Vegetable Cellulose (VC). Then, 1 part of VC was dissolved in 6 parts of a 12% NaOH solution at room temperature, and the resulting milky suspension was frozen to a solid in a refrigerator, and then taken out and left at room temperature for thawing, while stirring, 15 parts of distilled water was added to prepare a colorless transparent cellulose solution. Subsequently, 5 parts of cellulose solution was added to 20 parts of L-lactic acid, filtered, washed until the system became neutral, and regenerated by dissolution to give Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC). Further, 0.3 part of RVC and 1.5 parts of L-lactic acid are added into a reactor together, premixing is carried out for 12 hours at 60 ℃, then the temperature of the system is increased to 80 ℃, water is removed for 0.5 hour at 400Pa, then 0.001 part of stannous octoate is added into the reactor, stirring is started to start the polymerization reaction, and reduced pressure distillation is carried out in a gradient heating mode in the reaction process: 80 ℃ for 2h;100 ℃ for 1h;120 ℃ for 2h;140℃for 3h, at a pressure of 600Pa. After the reaction is completed, the mechanical stirring is closed, 12 parts of dimethylacetamide is added into the reaction kettle when the temperature of the reaction kettle is reduced to 80 ℃, after water is removed for 1h under the pressure of 600Pa, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction kettle, and the polymerization reaction is ensured to be carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature of the system was then raised to 85℃and 3 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate were added thereto and the mixture was kept for 1 hour. After the reaction is completed, adding a large amount of dichloromethane into the system, stirring for 1h, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, and then washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a primary product. And then the primary product is dried and extracted by methylene dichloride for 24 hours to remove a small amount of homo-polymerized byproducts, and the purified product is the vegetable matrix.
The vegetable matrix and various components are taken, and the special raw materials are prepared according to the following proportion (weight percentage) and the preparation method:
vegetable substrate: 30%
Turf: 40 percent of
Humus soil: 25 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 1%
And (3) an adhesive: 4%
(1) Drying the vegetable substrate at 60deg.C for 4 hr before use; (2) Pulverizing the dried vegetable matrix by a pulverizer, and sieving to obtain 120 mesh matrix powder; (3) Adding matrix powder, turf, humus soil, perlite and sodium silicate into a high-speed mixer according to the proportion, fully mixing for 10min, adding the uniformly mixed materials into a hot press forming machine, pressing for 60s under the action of 160 ℃ and 3MPa pressure, demoulding, cooling for 24h, and forming and solidifying to obtain the product.
Example 2
The preparation method of the vegetable matrix comprises the following steps:
crushing the baby cabbage by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, dehydrating and drying, sieving the vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 10 parts of the sieved vegetable powder in 30 parts of 16% NaOH solution, heating the system to 50 ℃ in a water bath, heating and stirring for 1h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and carrying out suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction. Adding the product into a mixed aqueous solution of 35 parts of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 65 ℃ in a water bath, heating and stirring for 1h, removing lignocellulose in vegetable powder, filtering, drying and extracting to obtain the Vegetable Cellulose (VC). Then, 3 parts of VC was dissolved in 20 parts of a 12% NaOH solution at room temperature, and the resulting milky suspension was frozen to a solid in a refrigerator, and then taken out and left at room temperature for thawing, while 40 parts of distilled water was added with stirring, to prepare a colorless transparent cellulose solution. Subsequently, 9 parts of cellulose solution was added to 40 parts of L-lactic acid, filtered, washed until the system became neutral, and regenerated by dissolution to give Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC). Further, 1.5 parts of RVC and 10 parts of L-lactic acid are added into a reactor together, premixed for 36 hours at 35 ℃, then the temperature of the system is raised to 100 ℃, water is removed for 1 hour at 600Pa, then 0.003 part of stannous octoate is added into the reactor, stirring is started to start the polymerization reaction, and reduced pressure distillation is carried out in a gradient temperature rising mode in the reaction process: 80 ℃ for 2h;105 ℃ for 1h;130 ℃ for 2h;160 ℃ and 3h, and the pressure is 650Pa. After the reaction is completed, the mechanical stirring is closed, 25 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide is added into the reaction system when the temperature of the reaction system is reduced to 85 ℃, after water is removed for 1h under the pressure of 600Pa, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system, and the polymerization reaction is ensured to be carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature of the system was then raised to 120℃to which 10 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate were added and incubated for 3h. After the completion of the reaction, a large amount of methylene chloride was added to the system and stirred. After stirring for 1.5h, the obtained turbid liquid is subjected to suction filtration, and then the product is washed to be neutral by distilled water, so that a primary product is obtained. And then the primary product is dried and extracted by dichloromethane for 36 hours to remove a small amount of homo-polymerized byproducts, and the purified product is the vegetable matrix.
The vegetable matrix and various components are taken, and the special raw materials are prepared according to the following proportion (weight percentage) and the preparation method:
vegetable substrate: 40 percent of
Turf: 30%
Humus soil: 20 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 5%
And (3) an adhesive: 5%
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The preparation method of the vegetable matrix comprises the following steps: crushing spinach by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, dehydrating and drying, sieving vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 15 parts of sieved vegetable powder into 65 parts of NaOH solution with the concentration of 16%, heating the system to 55 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1.5 hours, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and carrying out suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction. Adding the product into 65 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 65 ℃ in a water bath, heating and stirring for 1h, removing lignocellulose in vegetable powder, filtering, drying and extracting to obtain the Vegetable Cellulose (VC). Then, 6 parts of VC was dissolved in 35 parts of a 12% NaOH solution at room temperature, and the resulting milky suspension was frozen to a solid in a refrigerator, and then taken out and left at room temperature for thawing, while 60 parts of distilled water was added with stirring, to prepare a colorless transparent cellulose solution. Subsequently, 15 parts of cellulose solution was added to 80 parts of L-lactic acid, filtered, washed until the system became neutral, and regenerated by dissolution to give Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC). Further adding 3 parts of RVC and 30 parts of L-lactic acid together into a reactor, premixing for 24 hours at 45 ℃, then raising the temperature of the system to 90 ℃, dewatering for 3 hours at 400Pa, adding 0.003 part of stannous octoate into the reactor, starting the polymerization reaction by stirring, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation in a gradient temperature raising mode during the reaction: 100 ℃ for 2h;110 ℃ for 1h;130 ℃ for 2h;150℃for 3h, at a pressure of 600Pa. After the reaction is completed, the mechanical stirring is closed, 35 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide is added into the reaction system when the temperature of the reaction system is reduced to 80 ℃, after water is removed for 1h under the pressure of 600Pa, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system, and the polymerization reaction is ensured to be carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere. Subsequently, the temperature of the system was raised to 90℃and 15 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate were added thereto and the mixture was kept for 2 hours. After the completion of the reaction, a large amount of methylene chloride was added to the system and stirred. After stirring for 3 hours, the obtained turbid liquid is subjected to suction filtration, and then the product is washed to be neutral by distilled water, so that a primary product is obtained. And then the primary product is dried and extracted by methylene dichloride for 48 hours to remove a small amount of homo-polymerized byproducts, and the purified product is the vegetable matrix.
The vegetable matrix and various components are taken, and the special raw materials are prepared according to the following proportion (weight percentage) and the preparation method:
vegetable substrate: 55%
Turf: 20 percent of
Humus soil: 20 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 2%
And (3) an adhesive: 3%
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The preparation method of the vegetable matrix comprises the following steps: crushing spinach by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, dehydrating and drying, sieving vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 18 parts of sieved vegetable powder in 80 parts of 16% NaOH solution, heating the system to 45 ℃ in a water bath, heating and stirring for 1h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and carrying out suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction. Adding the product into 100 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 70 ℃ in water bath, stirring for 1h, removing lignocellulose in vegetable powder, filtering, drying and extracting to obtain Vegetable Cellulose (VC). Then, 10 parts of VC was dissolved in 50 parts of a 12% NaOH solution at room temperature, and the resulting milky suspension was frozen to a solid in a refrigerator, and then taken out and left at room temperature for thawing, while stirring, 80 parts of distilled water was added to prepare a colorless transparent cellulose solution. Then, 18 parts of cellulose solution was added to 80 parts of L-lactic acid, filtered, washed until the system became neutral, and regenerated by dissolution to give Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC). Further adding 5 parts of RVC and 25 parts of L-lactic acid together into a reactor, premixing for 48 hours at 60 ℃, then raising the temperature of the system to 100 ℃, dewatering for 2 hours at 800Pa, adding 0.005 part of stannous octoate into the reactor, starting the polymerization reaction by stirring, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation in a gradient temperature raising mode during the reaction: 100 ℃ for 2h;120 ℃ for 1h;140 ℃ for 2h;160 ℃ and 3h, and the pressure is 700Pa. After the reaction is completed, the mechanical stirring is closed, 50 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide is added into the reaction system when the temperature of the reaction system is reduced to 100 ℃, after water is removed for 1h under the pressure of 650Pa, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system, and the polymerization reaction is ensured to be carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere. Subsequently, the temperature of the system was raised to 100℃and 20 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate were added thereto and the temperature was kept for 1.5 hours. After the completion of the reaction, a large amount of methylene chloride was added to the system and stirred. After stirring for 2h, the obtained turbid liquid is subjected to suction filtration, and then the product is washed to be neutral by distilled water, so that a primary product is obtained. And then the primary product is dried and extracted by methylene dichloride for 24 hours to remove a small amount of homo-polymerized byproducts, and the purified product is the vegetable matrix.
The vegetable matrix and various components are taken, and the special raw materials are prepared according to the following proportion (weight percentage) and the preparation method:
vegetable substrate: 70 percent of
Turf: 5%
Humus soil: 12%
Inorganic minerals: 3%
And (3) an adhesive: 10 percent of
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The only difference compared to example 3 is that the vegetable substrate in the formulation is replaced with conventional coconut coir.
The coconut husk and various components are taken, and the special raw materials are prepared according to the following proportion (weight percentage) and the preparation method:
coconut husk: 55%
Turf: 20 percent of
Humus soil: 20 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 2%
And (3) an adhesive: 3%
Adding coconut chaff, turf, humus soil, perlite and sodium silicate into a high-speed mixer according to the proportion, fully mixing for 10min, adding the uniformly mixed materials into a hot-press forming machine, pressing for 60s under the action of 160 ℃ and 3MPa pressure, demoulding, cooling for 24h, and forming and solidifying to obtain the product.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the vegetable matrix comprises the following steps: crushing spinach by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, dehydrating and drying, sieving vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 15 parts of sieved vegetable powder in 60 parts of 16% NaOH solution, heating the system to 55 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1.5 hours, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and carrying out suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction. Adding the product into 65 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 65 ℃ in a water bath, heating and stirring for 1h, removing lignocellulose in vegetable powder, filtering, drying and extracting to obtain the vegetable matrix after the reaction is completed.
The vegetable matrix and various components are taken, and the special raw materials are prepared according to the following proportion (weight percentage) and the preparation method:
vegetable substrate: 55%
Turf: 20 percent of
Humus soil: 20 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 2%
And (3) an adhesive: 3%
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
The volume weight, total porosity, ventilation pore and water holding pore of the full-biodegradable seedling pot were tested according to the standard in soilless culture, and the results are shown in Table 1.
The method for testing the ventilation pore and the water holding pore comprises the following steps: taking a container with a known volume (V), filling the degradable seedling raising pot prepared by the above example or comparative example to be tested, weighing (W 1 ) Then placing distilled water into a vacuum dryer, pumping air with vacuum pump for 30min, adding the treated water into the above container, adding water, and weighing (W 2 ) The container was then opened with a known weight of moistened gauze (W 3 ) Wrapping, inverting the container, allowing water in the container to flow out, standing for about 2 hr until no water in the container oozes out, and weighing (W 4 ) The calculation formulas of the air pore and the water holding pore are as follows:
ventilation aperture= (W) 2 +W 3 -W 4 )/V*100％；
Water retention pore= (W) 4 -W 1 -W 3 )/V*100％。
TABLE 1
From the test results of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 in Table 1, it can be seen that the vegetable substrate prepared by the invention, namely the full-biodegradation seedling pot prepared from the thermoplastic regenerated vegetable cellulose copolymer with the permanently isolated hydrogen bond network structure constructed by the two-step breaking and disassembling method, solves the problem of high cost of the existing seedling pot, and the product is full-biodegradation, has excellent compression resistance, water absorption, water retention and air permeability, does not influence the growth of crop seedlings, does not damage crop roots, and can improve the comprehensive utilization mode of vegetable tails, change waste into valuables and realize the efficient utilization of resources.
It should be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided for clarity of illustration only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Various other changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art in light of the above teachings, and it is not necessary or desirable to exemplify all embodiments herein. Any modification, equivalent replacement or variation which comes within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A full-biodegradable seedling pot derived from vegetables, which is characterized in that: the material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
vegetable substrate: 20 to 70 percent
Turf: 5 to 40 percent
Humus soil: 20 to 40 percent
Inorganic minerals: 1 to 5 percent of
And (3) an adhesive: 3-10%;
the preparation method of the vegetable matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) Extracting vegetable cellulose VC from vegetables;
(2) At room temperature, VC is dissolved in NaOH solution, frozen to be solid, then thawed at room temperature, water is added to prepare cellulose solution, then the cellulose solution is added into coagulation bath, and the system is filtered and washed until the system is neutral, thus obtaining regenerated vegetable cellulose RVC;
(3) Adding regenerated vegetable cellulose RVC and plasticizer into a reactor together, adding a catalyst, opening stirring to start polymerization reaction, closing mechanical stirring after the reaction is completed, and waiting for the temperature of the system to be reduced;
(4) When the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃, adding a swelling agent into the system, introducing nitrogen into the system, then raising the temperature of the system, adding a chain extender into the system, adding an organic solvent to stir after the reaction is completed, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a preliminary product, drying the preliminary product, extracting the preliminary product by using the organic solvent, and purifying the preliminary product to obtain the vegetable substrate.
2. A vegetable-derived fully biodegradable seedling pot according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the vegetable matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing vegetables, dehydrating, drying, sieving, dissolving 1-20 parts of sieved vegetable powder in 5-80 parts of NaOH solution, heating and stirring the system to 35-55 ℃ in a water bath, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, carrying out suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction is finished, adding the product into 10-100 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating and stirring the system to 60-75 ℃ in the water bath, removing lignocellulose in the vegetable powder, and filtering and drying to obtain vegetable cellulose VC after the reaction is finished;
(2) At room temperature, 1-10 parts of VC is dissolved in 5-50 parts of NaOH solution, frozen to be solid, then thawed at room temperature, 10-80 parts of distilled water is added while stirring to prepare cellulose solution, then 5-20 parts of cellulose solution is added into 20-80 parts of coagulating bath, and the regenerated vegetable cellulose RVC is obtained after filtration and washing until the system is neutral;
(3) Adding 0.1-5 parts of RVC and 1-30 parts of plasticizer into a reactor together, premixing at 30-60 ℃, then raising the temperature of the system to 80-100 ℃, dewatering, adding 0.001-0.005 part of catalyst into the reactor, starting stirring to start polymerization reaction, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation in a gradient temperature raising mode in the reaction process: 80-100 ℃ for 1-3 h; 100-120 ℃ for 0.5-2 h; 120-140 ℃ for 1-3 h; 140-160 ℃, 2-4 h, 600-700 Pa, closing mechanical stirring after the reaction is completed, and waiting for the temperature of the system to drop;
(4) When the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃, 10-50 parts of swelling agent is added into the mixture, water is removed, nitrogen is introduced into the system, then the temperature of the system is increased to 80-120 ℃, 1-20 parts of chain extender is added, the temperature is kept, after the reaction is finished, an organic solvent is added, the obtained turbid liquid is subjected to suction filtration, then distilled water is used for washing the product to be neutral, a preliminary product is obtained, the preliminary product is dried, the organic solvent is used for extraction, and the product obtained by purification is the vegetable substrate.
3. The vegetable-derived fully biodegradable seedling pot according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the coagulating bath is one or more of acetic acid, L-lactic acid, ethanol, acetone and isopropanol.
4. The vegetable-derived fully biodegradable seedling pot according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the plasticizer is L-lactic acid and/or lactide.
5. The vegetable-derived fully biodegradable seedling pot according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the catalyst is stannous octoate and/or stannous chloride; the swelling agent is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; the chain extender is epsilon-caprolactone and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate; the organic solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran and acetone.
6. The vegetable-derived fully biodegradable seedling pot according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grass carbon has organic matter content over 20%, specific gravity of 0.6-1.2 and pH value of 5.5-8.0; the grain size of the humus soil is 50-2000 meshes, and the water content is 1-20%; the inorganic mineral is one or more of vermiculite, perlite, expanded ceramsite, slag and stone; the adhesive is one or more of sodium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and starch.
7. A method for preparing a vegetable-derived fully biodegradable seedling pot according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
(1) Drying the vegetable matrix for 3-6 hours at 40-80 ℃ before use;
(2) Crushing vegetable matrix by a crusher and sieving the crushed vegetable matrix into matrix powder of 60-200 meshes;
(3) And fully mixing matrix powder, turf, humus soil, inorganic minerals and an adhesive, adding the uniformly mixed materials into a hot press forming machine for pressing, demoulding, cooling at room temperature, and forming and solidifying to obtain the product.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein: the pressing conditions of the step (3) are as follows: pressing for 30-120 s at 120-180 ℃ under the action of 1-3 MPa.
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