CN114946464A - Full-biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Full-biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946464A CN114946464A CN202210780337.3A CN202210780337A CN114946464A CN 114946464 A CN114946464 A CN 114946464A CN 202210780337 A CN202210780337 A CN 202210780337A CN 114946464 A CN114946464 A CN 114946464A
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- vegetable
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 13
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical group [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 expanded ceramsite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000467 Carum carvi Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005747 Carum carvi Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001046 Nanocellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012773 agricultural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008653 root damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/664—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2230/00—Compositions for preparing biodegradable polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a full-biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables and a preparation method thereof. The material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: vegetable matrix: 20-70%, turf: 5-40%, humus soil: 20-40%, inorganic minerals: 1-5%, adhesive: 3-10%. The prepared vegetable substrate can realize hot-press molding thermoplastic processing, endows vegetable cellulose with new melting property, effectively optimizes the comprehensive performance of the seedling pot by utilizing the characteristics of excellent pressure resistance, water absorption and water retention of the vegetable cellulose, no influence on the growth of crop seedlings and no damage to crop roots, fundamentally solves the problem of treatment of vegetable tails, provides a treatment way, improves the difficulty of recycling waste agricultural resources, and promotes green sustainable development of agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of full-biodegradable agricultural materials, and particularly relates to a full-biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The seedling pot has the functions of absorbing heat in the daytime, preserving heat, protecting roots and preserving fertilizer at night, and also has the effect of preserving water in drought. With the rapid development of modern agriculture, economic plants such as crops, flowers and seedlings are cultivated in early stage through seedling pots, and the agricultural mode becomes an important growth point for promoting the income of farmers. At present, most of seedling pots commonly used in China are general plastic (such as PVA, PE and the like) products, and are characterized by low cost, light weight and good water retention, but are extremely difficult to degrade under natural conditions after being used, easily cause soil pollution, have poor air permeability, are not beneficial to the growth of plant root systems, cause root injury and root rot, and reduce the survival rate of transplanting. Along with the attention of the country to biological resources, in order to solve the problem of micro-plastic polluted soil, the development trend is inevitable for adopting the degradable seedling-raising pot taking degradable plastics as the raw material to replace the traditional plastic seedling-raising pot.
Vegetable waste is generated after vegetables are harvested, a large amount of vegetable leaf resources are wasted, the quantity of vegetable tails in China is large at present, and vegetable growers can only stack the vegetable tails in the field or pour the vegetable tails into ditches. Thus, the effects of the vegetables are not scientifically and reasonably utilized, and certain pollution is caused to the ecological environment. The mouldless waste vegetable leaves in the vegetables still have rich nutrition, contain components such as pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and have recycling value due to the particularity and recessiveness of the contained nutrition. The cellulose is widely applied to the fields of producing nano cellulose fibers, producing seedling pots, preparing composite packaging films, livestock and poultry breeding and the like, the effect of changing waste into valuable can be achieved, the comprehensive utilization mode of vegetable waste is gradually improved, the application range of the vegetable waste leaves in the agricultural field is expected to be widened, meanwhile, the production and manufacturing cost of the seedling pot products can be effectively reduced, high-valued utilization of the cellulose in the vegetable waste leaves is achieved, and the method has an important epoch-making significance for promoting effective utilization of biomass resources and green development of high polymer materials.
CN1271039A discloses a product containing plant fiber andthe preparation method adopts plant fiber as a main raw material, grain starch as a binder and rapeseed oil or food-grade paraffin as a release agent. The production method needs to use a large amount of grain starch and rapeseed oil, which undoubtedly increases the production cost, and even if paraffin is used to reduce the cost to some extent, the paraffin is not easy to degrade in soil, so that secondary pollution is caused, and the soil structure is damaged. CN125502A discloses a method for manufacturing container for culturing seedling of plant straw, wherein waste plant straw is used as raw material, and the raw material is dried, crushed, graded, and finally heated and pressed in a mould for molding. The method comprises the following main processing parameters: the crushing granularity of the plant straws is 0.4-5 mm, the heating temperature of the die is 170-210 ℃, and the applied pressure is 10-15kg/cm 2 . The processing parameters show that the plant straw has high crushing requirement, high energy consumption, high heating temperature in the hot press molding process and high production cost. CN104719037A discloses a novel degradable seedling pot which is obtained by mixing, sealing, fermenting, compressing, forming and airing crushed plant straws and livestock and poultry excrement biogas slurry and has the defects of complex preparation process, low compressive strength of finished products and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that the seedling raising pot in the prior art is high in preparation cost, and biomass resources such as waste leaves of vegetables are not effectively utilized, and the like, and provides a full-biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables and a preparation method thereof. The prepared seedling pot is fully biodegradable, has excellent pressure resistance, water absorption, water retention and air permeability, does not influence the growth of crop seedlings, does not damage crop roots, can improve the comprehensive utilization mode of vegetables and the like, changes waste into valuable, and realizes the efficient utilization of resources.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a full-biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
vegetable matrix: 20 to 70 percent
Grass carbon: 5 to 40 percent
Humus soil: 20 to 40 percent
Inorganic minerals: 1 to 5 percent
Adhesive: 3-10%.
In the invention, the vegetable matrix is a thermoplastic regenerated vegetable cellulose copolymer which is constructed by a two-step break-in method and permanently isolates a hydrogen bond network structure;
in one embodiment, the method of making the vegetable substrate comprises the steps of:
(1) firstly, crushing vegetables, dehydrating and drying the crushed vegetables, screening vegetable powder, dissolving 1-20 parts of the screened vegetable powder in 5-80 parts of NaOH solution, heating the system to 35-55 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 0.5-1.5 h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and performing suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction is finished. Adding the product into 10-100 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 60-75 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 0.5-1 h, removing lignocellulose in vegetable powder, filtering after the reaction is finished, drying and extracting to obtain Vegetable Cellulose (VC);
(2) dissolving 1-10 parts of VC in 5-50 parts of NaOH solution at room temperature, freezing to solid, taking out, standing at room temperature, thawing, and adding 10-80 parts of distilled water while stirring to obtain a cellulose solution. Adding 5-20 parts of cellulose solution into 20-80 parts of coagulating bath, filtering, washing until the system is neutral, and dissolving and regenerating to obtain Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC);
(3) adding 0.1-5 parts of RVC and 1-30 parts of plasticizer into a reactor together, premixing for 12-48 hours at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, then increasing the temperature of the system to 80-100 ℃, removing water for 0.5-3 hours under the pressure of 400-800 Pa, then adding 0.001-0.005 part of catalyst into the reactor, starting stirring to start polymerization reaction, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation in a gradient temperature increasing mode in the reaction process: the temperature is 80-100 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h; 0.5-2 h at 100-120 ℃; 120-140 ℃ for 1-3 h; 140-160 ℃, 2-4 h and 600-700 Pa pressure. After the reaction is finished, closing the mechanical stirring, and waiting for the temperature of the system to drop;
(4) when the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃, 10-50 parts of swelling agent is added, water is removed under the pressure of 600-700 Pa for 1-3 h, nitrogen is introduced into the system, and the polymerization reaction is ensured to be carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere. And then, raising the temperature of the system to 80-120 ℃, adding 1-20 parts of chain extender into the system, and keeping the temperature for 1-3 hours. After the reaction is finished, adding a large amount of organic solvent into the system, stirring for 1-3 h, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, and then washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a primary product. And drying the primary product, and extracting for 24-48 h by using the organic solvent to remove a small amount of homopolymerized byproducts, wherein the purified product is the vegetable matrix.
In the invention, the vegetable is one or more of baby cabbage, spinach, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, rape, caraway and cauliflower;
the vegetable powder is sieved according to the particle size, and the average particle size is 45-120 meshes; the concentration of the NaOH solution is 9-16 wt%;
the concentration of a sodium chlorite aqueous solution in the mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid is 5-10 wt%, the concentration of an acetic acid aqueous solution is 1-5 wt%, and the mass ratio of the sodium chlorite aqueous solution to the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1: 0.5 to 3;
the coagulating bath is one or more of acetic acid, L-lactic acid, ethanol, acetone and isopropanol;
the plasticizer is L-lactic acid and/or lactide;
the catalyst is stannous octoate and/or stannous chloride;
the swelling agent is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide;
the chain extender is epsilon-caprolactone and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate;
the organic solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and acetone;
the method is characterized in that a hydrogen bond network and a crystal structure of vegetable cellulose are temporarily split by a dissolving and regenerating pretreatment method, the accessibility of Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC) is improved is used as a precursor, based on the characteristics of low RVC heterogeneous reaction efficiency and poor effect, a two-step modification method is adopted for chemical modification of the RVC, the modification is gradually carried out from the outside to the inside and from the outside to the inside, a degradable polylactic acid side chain is firstly introduced to initially break the compact structure of the cellulose, a structure for incompletely and permanently isolating the hydrogen bond network is constructed, the molecular chain spacing of the cellulose is increased, the flowing capacity of the molecular chain is improved, and then a flexible long chain with excellent thermoplastic capacity is further grafted on a cellulose framework through two-step modification, so that the vegetable matrix is prepared. On one hand, when the vegetable matrix prepared by the method is used as a base material, the hot-press molding thermoplastic processing can be realized, and the vegetable cellulose is endowed with new melting characteristics; on the other hand, a vegetable tailing resource scheme is provided practically, transformation and upgrading of the vegetable industry are promoted, green sustainable development of agriculture is promoted, excellent pressure resistance, water absorption and water retention of vegetable cellulose are utilized, growth of crop seedlings is not affected, crop root systems are not damaged, and comprehensive performance of the seedling raising pot is optimized effectively.
In the invention, the content of the organic matters of the turf is more than 20%, the specific gravity is 0.6-1.2, and the pH value is 5.5-8.0; the particle size of the humus soil is 50-2000 meshes, and the water content is 1-20%; the inorganic mineral is one or more of vermiculite, perlite, expanded ceramsite, slag and major stone; the adhesive is one or more of sodium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and starch.
A preparation method of a full-biodegradation seedling raising pot derived from vegetables comprises the following steps:
(1) optionally, drying the vegetable substrate for 3-6 hours at 40-80 ℃ before use;
(2) crushing the dried vegetable matrix by a crusher, and sieving to obtain matrix powder of 60-200 meshes;
(3) adding the matrix powder, the turf, the humus soil, the inorganic minerals and the adhesive into a high-speed mixer together, fully mixing for 5-20 min, adding the uniformly mixed materials into a hot-press forming machine, pressing for 30-90 s at the temperature of 120-180 ℃ under the action of the pressure of 1-3 MPa, demolding, cooling for 12-36 h, and forming and curing to obtain the product.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention takes vegetable matrix as a base material, prepares the full-biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables by a hot-press molding method, realizes the effective utilization of waste vegetable leaves, practically solves the problem of utilization of good-tailed vegetable resources, promotes transformation and upgrade of vegetable industry, expands the industrial application range of the vegetable industry and can generate better environmental benefit and economic value. Meanwhile, the density of the full-biodegradation seedling raising pot is effectively reduced, and the compression resistance is improved. The full-biodegradable seedling raising pot also has excellent water absorption, water retention and air permeability, plant roots can normally penetrate through the seedling raising pot, the growth of crop seedlings is not influenced, pot-seedling integrated transplanting can be realized, and the problem of damaging the crop roots does not exist. In addition, after the crops are transplanted to the field, components such as vegetable substrates, turf, humus and the like in the full-biodegradable seedling pot can be degraded in soil, so that green sustainable development of agriculture is promoted, and the full-biodegradable seedling pot has an epoch-making significance for promoting effective utilization of biomass resources and green development of high polymer materials.
Detailed Description
The following examples and comparative examples use raw material information:
the vegetable substrate is self-made; the turf is purchased from a Qingzhou Yongshun seedling matrix factory; the humus soil is purchased from the ecological agriculture development center of Taian Volpox; the inorganic mineral is perlite, available from Cangzhou Chengjunteng GmbH; the adhesive was sodium silicate, purchased from ruihe new material.
Mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid: the concentration of the sodium chlorite aqueous solution is 10 wt%, the concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 3 wt%, and the proportion of the sodium chlorite aqueous solution to the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1: 1.
the invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the description of the present invention, and equivalents fall within the scope of the claims appended to the present application.
The parts described in the examples are all parts by mass.
Example 1
The preparation method of the vegetable substrate comprises the following steps:
firstly, crushing spinach by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, dehydrating, drying, screening vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 2 parts of the screened vegetable powder in 8 parts of NaOH solution with the concentration of 16%, heating the system to 35 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 0.5h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and performing suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction is finished. And adding the product into 15 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 60 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 0.5h, removing lignocellulose in the vegetable powder, filtering after the reaction is finished, and drying to extract the Vegetable Cellulose (VC). Then, at room temperature, 1 part of VC was dissolved in 6 parts of a 12% NaOH solution, and the resulting milky white suspension was frozen in a refrigerator to be solid, and then taken out and left to thaw at room temperature, while adding 15 parts of distilled water with stirring, to prepare a colorless and transparent cellulose solution. Subsequently, 5 parts of the cellulose solution was added to 20 parts of L-lactic acid, filtered, washed until the system became neutral, and regenerated by dissolution to obtain Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC). Further, 0.3 part of RVC and 1.5 parts of L-lactic acid were added together to the reactor, premixed at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, then the temperature of the system was raised to 80 ℃ and water was removed at a pressure of 400Pa for 0.5 hour, then 0.001 part of stannous octoate was added to the reactor, the polymerization was started by opening the stirring, and reduced pressure distillation was carried out with a gradient temperature rise during the reaction: at 80 ℃ for 2 h; 1h at 100 ℃; 120 ℃ for 2 h; 140 ℃ and 3h, and the pressure is 600 Pa. And (3) after the reaction is finished, closing mechanical stirring, adding 12 parts of dimethylacetamide when the temperature of the system is reduced to 80 ℃, removing water under the pressure of 600Pa for 1h, introducing nitrogen into the system, and ensuring that the polymerization reaction is carried out in the nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature of the system was then raised to 85 ℃ and 3 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate were added thereto and the temperature was maintained for 1 h. After the reaction is finished, adding a large amount of dichloromethane into the system, stirring for 1h, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, and then washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a primary product. And drying the primary product, extracting with dichloromethane for 24h to remove a small amount of homopolymerized byproducts, and purifying to obtain a product, namely the vegetable matrix.
Taking vegetable matrix and various components, and preparing special raw materials according to the following mixture ratio (weight percentage) and a preparation method:
vegetable matrix: 30 percent of
Grass carbon: 40 percent of
Humus soil: 25 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 1 percent
Adhesive: 4 percent of
(1) Drying the vegetable substrate at 60 deg.C for 4 hr before use; (2) crushing the dried vegetable matrix by a crusher and sieving the crushed vegetable matrix into 120-mesh matrix powder; (3) adding the matrix powder, the turf, the humus soil, the perlite and the sodium silicate into a high-speed mixer according to the proportion, fully mixing for 10min, adding the uniformly mixed materials into a hot-pressing forming machine, pressing for 60s at 160 ℃ under the action of 3MPa pressure, demoulding, cooling for 24h, and forming and curing to obtain the product.
Example 2
The preparation method of the vegetable substrate comprises the following steps:
firstly, smashing baby cabbage by using a high-speed multifunctional smashing machine, dehydrating, drying, then sieving vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 10 parts of sieved vegetable powder in 30 parts of NaOH solution with the concentration of 16%, heating the system to 50 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and drying on the obtained product. And adding the product into 35 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 65 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1h, removing lignocellulose in the vegetable powder, filtering after the reaction is finished, and drying to extract the Vegetable Cellulose (VC). Then, at room temperature, 3 parts of VC was dissolved in 20 parts of a 12% NaOH solution, and the resulting milky white suspension was frozen in a refrigerator to be solid, and then taken out and left to thaw at room temperature while adding 40 parts of distilled water with stirring to prepare a colorless transparent cellulose solution. Subsequently, 9 parts of the cellulose solution was added to 40 parts of L-lactic acid, filtered, washed until the system was neutral, and regenerated by dissolution to obtain Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC). Further, 1.5 parts of RVC and 10 parts of L-lactic acid were added together to the reactor, premixed at 35 ℃ for 36 hours, then the temperature of the system was raised to 100 ℃ and water was removed at 600Pa for 1 hour, then 0.003 part of stannous octoate was added to the reactor, the polymerization was started by opening the stirring, and reduced pressure distillation was carried out with a gradient of temperature rise during the reaction: at 80 ℃ for 2 h; at 105 ℃ for 1 h; at 130 ℃ for 2 h; 160 ℃ for 3h at a pressure of 650 Pa. And (3) after the reaction is finished, closing mechanical stirring, adding 25 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide into the reaction system when the temperature of the system is reduced to 85 ℃, removing water for 1h under the pressure of 600Pa, introducing nitrogen into the system, and ensuring that the polymerization reaction is carried out in the nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature of the system was then raised to 120 ℃ and 10 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate were added thereto and the temperature was maintained for 3 h. After the reaction was completed, a large amount of methylene chloride was added to the system and stirred. Stirring for 1.5h, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, and then washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a primary product. And drying the primary product, extracting the dried primary product for 36 hours by using dichloromethane to remove a small amount of homopolymerized byproducts, and purifying to obtain a product, namely the vegetable matrix.
Taking vegetable matrix and various components, and preparing special raw materials according to the following mixture ratio (weight percentage) and a preparation method:
vegetable matrix: 40 percent of
Grass carbon: 30 percent
Humus soil: 20 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 5 percent of
Adhesive: 5 percent of
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 3
The preparation method of the vegetable substrate comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing spinach by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, dehydrating, drying, screening vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 15 parts of the screened vegetable powder into 65 parts of NaOH solution with the concentration of 16%, heating the system to 55 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1.5h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and performing suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction is finished. And adding the product into 65 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 65 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1h, removing lignocellulose in vegetable powder, filtering after the reaction is finished, and drying to extract Vegetable Cellulose (VC). Then, at room temperature, 6 parts of VC was dissolved in 35 parts of a 12% NaOH solution, and the resulting milky white suspension was frozen in a refrigerator to be solid, and then taken out and left to thaw at room temperature while adding 60 parts of distilled water with stirring to prepare a colorless transparent cellulose solution. Subsequently, 15 parts of the cellulose solution was added to 80 parts of L-lactic acid, filtered, washed until the system was neutral, and regenerated by dissolution to obtain Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC). Further, 3 parts of RVC and 30 parts of L-lactic acid were added together to the reactor, premixed at 45 ℃ for 24 hours, then the temperature of the system was raised to 90 ℃ and water was removed at a pressure of 400Pa for 3 hours, then 0.003 part of stannous octoate was added to the reactor, the polymerization was started by opening the stirring, and reduced pressure distillation was carried out with a gradient of temperature rise during the reaction: at 100 ℃ for 2 h; 110 ℃ for 1 h; at 130 ℃ for 2 h; 150 ℃ and 3h under the pressure of 600 Pa. And (3) after the reaction is finished, closing mechanical stirring, adding 35 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide into the reaction system when the temperature of the system is reduced to 80 ℃, removing water for 1h under the pressure of 600Pa, introducing nitrogen into the system, and ensuring that the polymerization reaction is carried out in the nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature of the system was then raised to 90 ℃ and 15 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate were added thereto and the temperature was maintained for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, a large amount of methylene chloride was added to the system and stirred. Stirring for 3h, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, and then washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a primary product. And drying the primary product, extracting with dichloromethane for 48h to remove a small amount of homopolymerized byproducts, and purifying to obtain a product, namely the vegetable matrix.
Taking vegetable matrix and various components, and preparing special raw materials according to the following mixture ratio (weight percentage) and a preparation method:
vegetable matrix: 55 percent of
Grass carbon: 20 percent of
Humus soil: 20 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 2 percent of
Adhesive: 3 percent of
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 4
The preparation method of the vegetable substrate comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing spinach by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, dehydrating, drying, screening vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 18 parts of the screened vegetable powder in 80 parts of NaOH solution with the concentration of 16%, heating the system to 45 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and performing suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction is finished. And adding the product into 100 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 70 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1h, removing lignocellulose in the vegetable powder, filtering after the reaction is finished, and drying to extract the Vegetable Cellulose (VC). Then, 10 parts of VC was dissolved in 50 parts of a 12% NaOH solution at room temperature, and the resulting milky white suspension was frozen in a refrigerator to be solid, and then taken out and left to thaw at room temperature while adding 80 parts of distilled water with stirring to prepare a colorless transparent cellulose solution. Subsequently, 18 parts of the cellulose solution was added to 80 parts of L-lactic acid, filtered, washed until the system was neutral, and regenerated by dissolution to obtain Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC). Further, 5 parts of RVC and 25 parts of L-lactic acid were added together to the reactor, premixed at 60 ℃ for 48 hours, then the temperature of the system was raised to 100 ℃ and water was removed at a pressure of 800Pa for 2 hours, then 0.005 part of stannous octoate was added to the reactor, the polymerization was started by opening the stirring, and reduced pressure distillation was carried out with a gradient temperature rise during the reaction: at 100 ℃ for 2 h; at 120 ℃ for 1 h; at 140 ℃ for 2 h; 160 ℃ for 3h at a pressure of 700 Pa. And (3) after the reaction is finished, closing mechanical stirring, adding 50 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide into the reaction system when the temperature of the system is reduced to 100 ℃, removing water for 1h under the pressure of 650Pa, introducing nitrogen into the system, and ensuring that the polymerization reaction is carried out in the nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature of the system was then raised to 100 ℃ and 20 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate were added thereto and the temperature was maintained for 1.5 h. After the reaction was completed, a large amount of methylene chloride was added to the system and stirred. Stirring for 2h, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, and then washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a primary product. And drying the primary product, extracting with dichloromethane for 24h to remove a small amount of homopolymerized byproducts, and purifying to obtain a product, namely the vegetable matrix.
Taking vegetable matrix and various components, and preparing special raw materials according to the following mixture ratio (weight percentage) and a preparation method:
vegetable matrix: 70 percent of
Grass carbon: 5 percent of
Humus soil: 12 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 3 percent of
Adhesive: 10 percent of
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
The only difference compared to example 3 was that the vegetable substrate in the formulation was replaced with traditional coconut coir.
The special raw materials are prepared from coconut chaff and various components according to the following mixture ratio (weight percentage) and a preparation method:
coconut husk: 55 percent of
Grass carbon: 20 percent of
Humus soil: 20 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 2 percent of
Adhesive: 3 percent
Adding coconut coir, turf, humus soil, perlite and sodium silicate into a high-speed mixer according to the proportion, fully mixing for 10min, adding the uniformly mixed materials into a hot-pressing forming machine, pressing for 60s at 160 ℃ under the action of 3MPa pressure, demoulding, cooling for 24h, and forming and curing to obtain the product.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the vegetable substrate comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing spinach by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, dehydrating, drying, screening vegetable powder by using an electric vibrating screen, dissolving 15 parts of the screened vegetable powder in 60 parts of NaOH solution with the concentration of 16%, heating the system to 55 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1.5h, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, and performing suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction is finished. Adding the product into 65 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 65 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 1h, removing lignocellulose in vegetable powder, filtering after the reaction is finished, drying and extracting to obtain the vegetable matrix.
Taking vegetable matrix and various components, and preparing special raw materials according to the following mixture ratio (weight percentage) and a preparation method:
vegetable matrix: 55 percent of
Grass carbon: 20 percent of
Humus soil: 20 percent of
Inorganic minerals: 2 percent of
Adhesive: 3 percent of
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
The volume weight, the total porosity, the air vent and the water holding pore of the full-biodegradable seedling raising pot are tested according to the standard in soilless culture science, and the results are shown in table 1.
The test method of the vent pore and the water holding pore comprises the following steps: a container with a known volume (V) is filled with the degradable seedling pots prepared in the above examples or comparative examples to be tested, and weighed (W) 1 ) Then, distilled water was put into a vacuum drier and evacuated for 30min by a vacuum pump, and the treated water was put into the above container and weighed (W) after filling with water 2 ) Applying a known weight of moistened gauze (W) to the upper mouth of the container 3 ) Wrapping, inverting the container, allowing water in the container to flow out, standing for about 2h until no water seeps out, and weighing (W) 4 ) The calculation formula of the air pores and the water holding pores is as follows:
air vent (W) 2 +W 3 -W 4 )/V*100％；
Pore space (W) 4 -W 1 -W 3 )/V*100％。
TABLE 1
From the test results of the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 2 in the table 1, it can be seen that the fully biodegradable seedling pot prepared by using the vegetable substrate prepared by the invention, namely the thermoplastic regenerated vegetable cellulose copolymer with the permanent isolation hydrogen bond network structure constructed by the two-step break-in method solves the problem of high cost of the existing seedling pot, is fully biodegradable, has excellent pressure resistance, water absorption, water retention and air permeability, does not influence the growth of crop seedlings and does not damage crop root systems, and meanwhile, can improve the comprehensive utilization mode of vegetable tails, changes waste into valuable, and realizes the efficient utilization of resources.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Variations and modifications in other variations may occur to those skilled in the art based upon the foregoing description, and it is not necessary or necessary to exemplify all of the embodiments herein. Any modification, equivalent replacement or change made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a full biodegradable seedling raising alms bowl that comes from vegetables which characterized in that: the material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
vegetable matrix: 20 to 70 percent
Grass carbon: 5 to 40 percent
Humus soil: 20 to 40 percent
Inorganic minerals: 1 to 5 percent
Adhesive: 3-10%.
2. A full biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vegetable matrix is a thermoplastic regenerated vegetable cellulose copolymer which is constructed by a two-step break-in method and permanently isolates a hydrogen bond network structure.
3. A full biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the preparation method of the vegetable substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting vegetable cellulose VC from vegetables;
(2) dissolving VC in NaOH solution at room temperature, freezing to solid, then thawing at room temperature, adding water to prepare cellulose solution, then adding the cellulose solution into a coagulating bath, filtering and washing until the system is neutral, and obtaining Regenerated Vegetable Cellulose (RVC);
(3) adding VRC and plasticizer into a reactor, adding catalyst, starting stirring to start polymerization reaction, closing mechanical stirring after the reaction is finished, and waiting for the temperature of the system to drop;
(4) when the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃, adding a swelling agent, introducing nitrogen into the system, then increasing the temperature of the system, adding a chain extender, after the reaction is finished, adding an organic solvent, stirring, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, then washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a primary product, then drying the primary product, extracting by using the organic solvent, and purifying to obtain a product, namely the vegetable substrate.
4. A full biodegradable seedling raising pot derived from vegetables according to claim 3, characterized in that: the preparation method of the vegetable substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing vegetables, dehydrating, drying, screening, dissolving 1-20 parts of screened vegetable powder in 5-80 parts of NaOH solution, heating the system to 35-55 ℃ in a water bath, stirring, removing hemicellulose in the vegetable powder, performing suction filtration and drying on the obtained product after the reaction is finished, adding the product into 10-100 parts of mixed aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and acetic acid, heating the system to 60-75 ℃ in the water bath, stirring, removing lignocellulose in the vegetable powder, and after the reaction is finished, filtering, drying and extracting to obtain vegetable cellulose VC;
(2) dissolving 1-10 parts of VC in 5-50 parts of NaOH solution at room temperature, freezing to be solid, then thawing at room temperature, adding 10-80 parts of distilled water while stirring to prepare a cellulose solution, then adding 5-20 parts of the cellulose solution into 20-80 parts of a coagulating bath, filtering and washing until the system is neutral, and thus obtaining the regenerated vegetable cellulose RVC;
(3) adding 0.1-5 parts of RVC and 1-30 parts of plasticizer into a reactor together, premixing at 30-60 ℃, raising the temperature of the system to 80-100 ℃, removing water, adding 0.001-0.005 part of catalyst into the reactor, starting stirring to start polymerization, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation in a gradient heating manner in the reaction process: the temperature is 80-100 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h; 0.5-2 h at 100-120 ℃; 120-140 ℃ for 1-3 h; 140-160 ℃, 2-4 h and 600-700 Pa, closing mechanical stirring after the reaction is finished, and waiting for the temperature of the system to decrease;
(4) when the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃, adding 10-50 parts of swelling agent, removing water, introducing nitrogen into the system, raising the temperature of the system to 80-120 ℃, adding 1-20 parts of chain extender, preserving heat, after the reaction is finished, adding an organic solvent, carrying out suction filtration on the obtained turbid liquid, washing the product to be neutral by using distilled water to obtain a primary product, drying the primary product, extracting by using the organic solvent, and purifying to obtain a product, namely the vegetable substrate.
5. A fully biodegradable plant pot derived from vegetables according to any of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that: the coagulating bath is one or more of acetic acid, L-lactic acid, ethanol, acetone and isopropanol.
6. A fully biodegradable plant pot derived from vegetables according to any of claims 3-4, characterized in that: the plasticizer is L-lactic acid and/or lactide.
7. A fully biodegradable plant pot derived from vegetables according to any of claims 3-4, characterized in that: the catalyst is stannous octoate and/or stannous chloride; the swelling agent is one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; the chain extender is epsilon-caprolactone and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate; the organic solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and acetone.
8. A fully biodegradable plant pot derived from vegetables according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the content of the organic matters of the turf is more than 20%, the specific gravity is 0.6-1.2, and the pH value is 5.5-8.0; the particle size of the humus soil is 50-2000 meshes, and the water content is 1-20%; the inorganic mineral is one or more of vermiculite, perlite, expanded ceramsite, slag and major stone; the adhesive is one or more of sodium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and starch.
9. The method for preparing a full-biodegradable seedling pot derived from vegetables as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
(1) optionally, drying the vegetable substrate for 3-6 hours at 40-80 ℃ before use;
(2) crushing a vegetable matrix by a crusher, and sieving to obtain matrix powder of 60-200 meshes;
(3) fully mixing the matrix powder, the grass peat, the humus soil, the inorganic minerals and the adhesive, then adding the uniformly mixed materials into a hot-pressing forming machine for pressing, demoulding, cooling at room temperature, forming and curing to obtain the product.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the pressing conditions of the step (3) are as follows: pressing for 30-120 s at the temperature of 120-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 1-3 MPa.
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