CN114941204B - 一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉及其加工工艺 - Google Patents
一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉及其加工工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉及其加工工艺。包括以下步骤:步骤1:将聚酯纤维、高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、粗聚丙烯腈纶、低熔点纤维混合均匀,得到混合纤维;步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在180~200℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。有益效果:使用两种聚丙烯腈纶与4080低熔点纤维配合,通过优化聚丙烯腈纶含量,在控制成本的同时提高硬度、抑制融滴,制备得到氧指数>32%的阻燃隔热棉;并通过海藻纤维的添加、通过对7D聚酯纤维进一步表面处理,增强阻燃性能、力学性能、和防霉性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及隔热棉技术领域,具体为一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉及其加工工艺。
背景技术
城市化发展促进了人口向大城市集中、城市车辆密度的增加、高层和地下建筑的增多,这些改变使得灭火工作难度加大;因此,为降低火灾危害程度、降低火灾发生率,具有阻燃性能的功能化纺织品的开发显得尤为重要。
近年来,车辆火灾由于电源、香水、打火机等受热发生自燃的事件每年剧增;同时,随着电动汽车的普及,对汽车用阻燃纺织品的阻燃性能、耐高温性能要求越来越高。新行业标准JT/T1095-2022营运客车内饰材料阻燃特性中增加了对发动机舱及电池仓中使用产品的熔融特性测试,要求阻燃纺织品无融滴。而现有技术中,通常以低熔点纤维和高熔点纤维制成阻燃隔热棉,普遍存在氧指数不高,市场中产品的氧指数普遍小于26%;且存在燃烧有融滴的现象;此外,产品的硬度低,没有支撑效果,力学性能差。
因此,解决上述问题,制备一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉及其加工工艺,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将聚酯纤维、高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、粗聚丙烯腈纶、低熔点纤维混合均匀,得到混合纤维;
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在180~200℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉的加工工艺,其特征在于:所述混合纤维中包括以下组分:按重量计,10~30份聚酯纤维、20~30份高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、20~30份粗聚丙烯腈纶、40~60份低熔点纤维。
较为优化地,所述混合纤维中还包括10~12份海藻纤维。
较为优化地,所述聚酯纤维经过表面改性;步骤2中,热风定型前,预先在365nm下紫外光辐照20~25分钟。
较为优化地,聚酯纤维经过一次表面改性:将聚酯纤维使用乙醇清洗,置于聚乙烯亚胺、光引发剂和单宁酸的混合溶液中,搅拌浸渍,洗涤干燥;得到聚酯纤维A。
较为优化地,所述混合溶液的制备方法为:将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在Tri-缓冲溶液中,得到浓度为1~2mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺,加入光引发剂混合均匀,得到溶液A;将单宁酸溶于乙醇中,得到浓度为0.5~1mg/mL的溶液B;将溶液A和溶液B等体积混合,得到混合溶液;搅拌浸渍过程中:聚酯纤维与混合溶液的浸渍比为1:(5~8),浸渍温度为23~25℃,搅拌速度为200~400rpm,浸渍时间为12~16小时。
较为优化地,聚酯纤维A经过二次表面改性,二次表面改性过程为:将2~4wt%的复合纳米粒子分散在碱性溶液中,加入环氧氯丙烷,搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;将聚酯纤维A置于溶液C中,二次搅拌浸渍,洗涤干燥,得到7D聚酯纤维B。
较为优化地,所述碱性溶液是以去离子水为溶剂,加入10~12wt%的尿素和6~8wt%的氢氧化钠配置得到的;环氧氯丙烷的加入量是复合纳米粒子的0.2~0.3wt%;二次搅拌浸渍过程中:浸渍比为1:(5~8),浸渍温度为25~30℃,搅拌速度为600~800rpm,搅拌时间为8~10小时。
较为优化地,所述复合纳米粒子的制备方法为:将质量比为1:2的细菌纤维素和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯分散在去离子水中,加入过硫酸铵,设置温度为60~65℃反应6~8小时,洗涤过滤,干燥研磨,得到复合纳米粒子。
较为优化地,一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉的加工工艺制备得到的阻燃隔热棉。
其中,聚酯纤维为7D聚酯纤维,规格为6.67detex×60mm,批号:YZ191709Z1709
高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶为1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶,规格为1.35detex×51mm,批号:TGYY24L21DX51;
粗聚丙烯腈纶为2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶,规格为2.2detex×60mm,批号:PN37ST060-22D;
低熔点纤维为4080低熔点纤维,规格4.5detex×51mm,批号:5S5D21315。
本技术方案中,使用两种聚丙烯腈纶与4080低熔点纤维配合,通过优化聚丙烯腈纶含量,在控制成本的同时提高硬度、抑制融滴,制备得到氧指数>32%的阻燃隔热棉;并通过海藻纤维的添加、通过对7D聚酯纤维进一步表面处理,增强阻燃性能、力学性能、和防霉性能。
1、单纯热风定型的棉,由于纤维之间界面作用低,使得粘结强度不够,硬度不够,且表面会出现浮毛,影响美观;因此,方案中,使用4080低熔点纤维,通过在热风定型过程中,进行粘合,起到对产品的硬化和烫光,提高美观和力学性能。但是4080低熔点纤维本身在燃烧情况下会产生融滴,不满足汽车使用要求,因此方案中加入了聚丙烯腈纶,使得隔热棉在燃烧状态下无融滴。方案中,如果4080低熔点纤维比例少了粘合力差,硬度低;如果聚丙烯腈纶加入太多,则造价成本太高;因此需要各种纤维的配合和比例优化。
2、为了进一步延伸阻燃隔热棉的性能;进一步对方案进行改进:一是加入了海藻纤维;二是对聚酯纤维进一步表面改性。
(1)海藻纤维的加入提高了抗菌防霉性能,同时,由于海藻纤维取材于天然植物成分,具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,添加海藻纤维后,整体的可降解性得到提升,拓展了适用领域。
(2)同样的,聚酯纤维的改性不仅提高了抗菌防霉性能,同时提高了硬度、力学性能和隔热性。其中,表面改性分为一次表面改性和二次表面改性。
一次表面改性:首先在7D聚酯纤维的表面将单宁酸、聚乙烯亚胺共沉积,仿照多巴胺自聚过程,利用迈克尔加成和席夫碱反应使得单宁酸与聚乙烯亚胺之间产生交联,在纤维表面形成沉积共聚物;单宁酸本身形似的支化结构增加了沉积共聚物的粘弹性和耐热性;同时,单宁酸的羟基、聚乙烯亚胺的氨基提高了海藻纤维的界面作用,且在后续光接枝的过程中辅助提高了纤维之间的界面作用,进一步提高了阻燃隔热棉的耐磨性和力学性能。此外,单宁酸和聚乙烯亚胺进一步提高了抗菌防霉性和阻燃性。
二次表面改性:利用环氧氯丙烷为偶联剂,将含有细菌纤维素的复合纳米粒子在依次改性得到的含有聚乙烯酰亚胺的沉积共聚物表面交联锚定。当7D聚酯纤维表面进一步锚定纳米粒子后,增加纤维之间物理作用,提高纤维接的粘结强度;同时增加了纤维之间的孔隙性,进一步提高了隔热性。同时,在紫外光固化过程中,复合纳米粒子中的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯含有的双键可以与聚乙烯亚胺的乙烯基、聚丙烯腈纶的丙烯基,在光引发剂的作用下,产生交联,增加力学性能。
(3)方案中在隔热棉初料热风定型之前使用紫外灯辐照交联,目的是:加固基础网络,抑制热风定型过程中,4080低熔点纤维熔化-冷却定型后的收缩,降低了隔热性。需要说明的是:一般情况下:隔热棉初料辐照,会增加织物脆性,降低力学性能,但是,方案中,表面沉积了单宁酸和含有细菌纤维素的复合纳米粒子,可以有效抑制力学性能的下降。同时,由于辐照过程会使得4080低熔点纤维表面初分解,降低了后续热风定型的温度,可以降低加工过程中的能耗。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例中,复合纳米粒子的制备方法为:将质量比为1:2的细菌纤维素和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯分散在去离子水中,加入过硫酸铵,设置温度为60℃反应8小时,洗涤过滤,干燥研磨,得到复合纳米粒子。
实施例1:
步骤1:(1)称取20份7D聚酯纤维、25份1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、25份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、50份4080低熔点纤维(2)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在190℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
实施例2:
步骤1:(1)称取20份7D聚酯纤维、25份1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、25份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、50份4080低熔点纤维、10份海藻纤维;(2)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在190℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
实施例3:
步骤1:(1)称取20份7D聚酯纤维、25份1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、25份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、50份4080低熔点纤维、10份海藻纤维;
(2)将7D聚酯纤维改性处理:
将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在Tri-缓冲溶液中,得到浓度为1.5mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺,加入2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮(2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮占聚乙烯亚胺质量的0.2wt%)混合均匀,得到溶液A;将单宁酸溶于乙醇中,得到浓度为0.8mg/mL的溶液B;将溶液A和溶液B等体积混合,得到混合溶液;
将7D聚酯纤维使用乙醇清洗,置于混合溶液中,在浸渍比为1:6,浸渍温度为25℃下,以200rpm的搅拌速度浸渍12小时,洗涤干燥;得到7D聚酯纤维A;
(3)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在365nm下紫外照射25分钟,在190℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
实施例4:
步骤1:(1)称取20份7D聚酯纤维、25份1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、25份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、50份4080低熔点纤维、10份海藻纤维。
(2)将7D聚酯纤维改性处理:
将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在Tri-缓冲溶液中,得到浓度为1.5mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺,加入2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮(2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮占聚乙烯亚胺质量的0.2wt%)混合均匀,得到溶液A;将单宁酸溶于乙醇中,得到浓度为0.8mg/mL的溶液B;将溶液A和溶液B等体积混合,得到混合溶液;
将7D聚酯纤维使用乙醇清洗,置于混合溶液中,在浸渍比为1:6,浸渍温度为25℃下,以200rpm的搅拌速度浸渍12小时,洗涤干燥;得到7D聚酯纤维A;
将3wt%的复合纳米粒子分散在碱性溶液(10wt%的尿素和6wt%的氢氧化钠的水溶液)中,加入环氧氯丙烷(环氧氯丙烷的加入量是复合纳米粒子的0.25wt%),搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;将7D聚酯纤维A置于溶液C中,在浸渍比为1:6,浸渍温度为25℃下,以800rpm的搅拌速度浸渍10小时,洗涤干燥,得到7D聚酯纤维B。
(3)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在365nm下紫外照射25分钟,在190℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
实施例5:
步骤1:(1)称取10份7D聚酯纤维、30份1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、30份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、60份4080低熔点纤维、12份海藻纤维。
(2)将7D聚酯纤维改性处理:
将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在Tri-缓冲溶液中,得到浓度为2mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺,加入2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮(2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮占聚乙烯亚胺质量的0.2wt%)混合均匀,得到溶液A;将单宁酸溶于乙醇中,得到浓度为1mg/mL的溶液B;将溶液A和溶液B等体积混合,得到混合溶液;
将7D聚酯纤维使用乙醇清洗,置于混合溶液中,在浸渍比为1:8,浸渍温度为25℃下,以400rpm的搅拌速度浸渍16小时,洗涤干燥;得到7D聚酯纤维A;
将4wt%的复合纳米粒子分散在碱性溶液(12wt%的尿素和6wt%的氢氧化钠的水溶液)中,加入环氧氯丙烷(环氧氯丙烷的加入量是复合纳米粒子的0.3wt%),搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;将7D聚酯纤维A置于溶液C中,在浸渍比为1:8,浸渍温度为30℃下,以800rpm的搅拌速度浸渍10小时,洗涤干燥,得到7D聚酯纤维B。
(3)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在365nm下紫外照射20分钟,在200℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
实施例6:
步骤1:(1)称取30份7D聚酯纤维、20份1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、20份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、40份4080低熔点纤维、10份海藻纤维。
(2)将7D聚酯纤维改性处理:
将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在Tri-缓冲溶液中,得到浓度为1mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺,加入2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮(2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮占聚乙烯亚胺质量的0.2wt%)混合均匀,得到溶液A;将单宁酸溶于乙醇中,得到浓度为0.5mg/mL的溶液B;将溶液A和溶液B等体积混合,得到混合溶液;
将7D聚酯纤维使用乙醇清洗,置于混合溶液中,在浸渍比为1:5,浸渍温度为23℃下,以200rpm的搅拌速度浸渍12小时,洗涤干燥;得到7D聚酯纤维A;
将2wt%的复合纳米粒子分散在碱性溶液(10wt%的尿素和8wt%的氢氧化钠的水溶液)中,加入环氧氯丙烷(环氧氯丙烷的加入量是复合纳米粒子的0.2wt%),搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;将7D聚酯纤维A置于溶液C中,在浸渍比为1:5,浸渍温度为25℃下,以600rpm的搅拌速度浸渍8小时,洗涤干燥,得到7D聚酯纤维B。
(3)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在365nm下紫外照射25分钟,在180℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
对比例1:
步骤1:(1)称取20份7D聚酯纤维、25份聚丙烯纤维、25份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、50份4080低熔点纤维(2)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在190℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
对比例2:
步骤1:(1)称取20份7D聚酯纤维、25份1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、25份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、50份4080低熔点纤维、10份海藻纤维。
(2)将7D聚酯纤维改性处理:
将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在Tri-缓冲溶液中,得到浓度为1.5mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺,加入2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮(2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮占聚乙烯亚胺质量的0.2wt%)混合均匀,得到溶液A;将单宁酸溶于乙醇中,得到浓度为0.8mg/mL的溶液B;将溶液A和溶液B等体积混合,得到混合溶液;
将7D聚酯纤维使用乙醇清洗,置于混合溶液中,在浸渍比为1:6,浸渍温度为25℃下,以200rpm的搅拌速度浸渍12小时,洗涤干燥;得到7D聚酯纤维A;
将3wt%的细菌纤维素分散在碱性溶液(10wt%的尿素和6wt%的氢氧化钠的水溶液)中,加入环氧氯丙烷(环氧氯丙烷的加入量是细菌纤维素的0.2wt%),搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;将7D聚酯纤维A置于溶液C中,在浸渍比为1:6,浸渍温度为25℃下,以800rpm的搅拌速度浸渍10小时,洗涤干燥,得到7D聚酯纤维B。
(3)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在365nm下紫外照射25分钟,在190℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
对比例3:
步骤1:(1)称取20份7D聚酯纤维、25份1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、25份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、50份4080低熔点纤维、10份海藻纤维。
(2)将7D聚酯纤维改性处理:
将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在Tri-缓冲溶液中,得到浓度为1.5mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺,加入2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮(2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮占聚乙烯亚胺质量的0.2wt%)混合均匀,得到溶液A;
将7D聚酯纤维使用乙醇清洗,置于溶液A中,在浸渍比为1:6,浸渍温度为25℃下,以200rpm的搅拌速度浸渍12小时,洗涤干燥;得到7D聚酯纤维A;
将3wt%的复合纳米粒子分散在碱性溶液(10wt%的尿素和6wt%的氢氧化钠的水溶液)中,加入环氧氯丙烷(环氧氯丙烷的加入量是复合纳米粒子的0.25wt%),搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;将7D聚酯纤维A置于溶液C中,在浸渍比为1:6,浸渍温度为25℃下,以800rpm的搅拌速度浸渍10小时,洗涤干燥,得到7D聚酯纤维B。
(3)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在365nm下紫外照射25分钟,在190℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
对比例4:
步骤1:(1)称取20份7D聚酯纤维、25份1.35D高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、25份2.2D粗聚丙烯腈纶、50份4080低熔点纤维、10份海藻纤维。
(2)将7D聚酯纤维改性处理:
将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在Tri-缓冲溶液中,得到浓度为1.5mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺,加入2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮(2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮占聚乙烯亚胺质量的0.2wt%)混合均匀,得到溶液A;将单宁酸溶于乙醇中,得到浓度为1.5mg/mL的溶液B;将溶液A和溶液B等体积混合,得到混合溶液;
将7D聚酯纤维使用乙醇清洗,置于混合溶液中,在浸渍比为1:6,浸渍温度为25℃下,以200rpm的搅拌速度浸渍12小时,洗涤干燥;得到7D聚酯纤维A;
将3wt%的复合纳米粒子分散在碱性溶液(10wt%的尿素和6wt%的氢氧化钠的水溶液)中,加入环氧氯丙烷(环氧氯丙烷的加入量是复合纳米粒子的0.25wt%),搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;将7D聚酯纤维A置于溶液C中,在浸渍比为1:6,浸渍温度为25℃下,以800rpm的搅拌速度浸渍10小时,洗涤干燥,得到7D聚酯纤维B。
(3)将上述纤维混合,得到混合纤维。
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;将其在365nm下紫外照射25分钟,在190℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉。
实验1:将实施例1和对比例1进行燃烧实验。
结果:实施例1制备阻燃隔热棉在空气中不燃烧,在1350℃丁烷枪喷烧5分钟后离火自熄,火焰烧到产品上之后,不存在横纵向的火势蔓延情况。而对比例1中制备得到的阻燃隔热棉,在空气中燃烧。
实验2:将实施例2制备的阻燃隔热棉进行抗菌防霉测试。
结果:实施例2制备的阻燃隔热棉在湿度>90%,温度为28℃下28天,无长霉现象产生;对大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率可达99%。
实验3:将实施例1、实施例3、实施例4、对比例2~4中制备得到的阻燃隔热棉(平均密度为32gk/m3),进行极限氧指数测试、热导系数测试、回复率测试,所得结果如下表所示:
结果:由上述表格的数据可知,实施例1中聚酯纤维未改性、实施例3中经过一次表面处理和实施例4中依次经过一次、二次表面处理后的数据表明:表面处理进一步提高的阻燃隔热棉的阻燃性能、隔热性和力学性能有提高。产品具有优良的保温隔热效果,对设备房内的保温节能有很大的贡献,发生火情时,对设备房内的水泥,钢结构起到很好的隔热效果,很好地缓解房屋塌陷带来的二次灾难。再与对比例2~4的数据比较,表明:对比例2中将复合纳米粒子更换为细菌纤维素纳米粒子,由于内部交联降低,使得力学性能下降;对比例3中未引入单宁酸,使得力学性能和阻燃性能下降;而对比例4中,由于单宁酸浓度增加,使得共聚沉积物中的粘弹性下降,降低了力学性能和隔热性。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉的加工工艺,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将聚酯纤维、高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、粗聚丙烯腈纶、低熔点纤维混合均匀,得到混合纤维;
步骤2:将混合纤维经过依次经过开松、混棉、二次开松、混棉、梳理、铺网叠加,得到隔热棉初料;预先在365nm下紫外光辐照20~25分钟;然后将其在180~200℃下热风定型,冷却定型,得到阻燃隔热棉;
所述聚酯纤维经过表面改性:(1)将聚酯纤维使用乙醇清洗,置于聚乙烯亚胺、光引发剂和单宁酸的混合溶液中,搅拌浸渍,洗涤干燥;得到聚酯纤维A;(2)聚酯纤维A经过二次表面改性,二次表面改性过程为:将2~4wt%的复合纳米粒子分散在碱性溶液中,加入环氧氯丙烷,搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;将聚酯纤维A置于溶液C中,二次搅拌浸渍,洗涤干燥,得到7D聚酯纤维B;
所述复合纳米粒子的制备方法为:将质量比为1:2的细菌纤维素和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯分散在去离子水中,加入过硫酸铵,设置温度为60~65℃反应6~8小时,洗涤过滤,干燥研磨,得到复合纳米粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉的加工工艺,其特征在于:所述混合纤维中包括以下组分:按重量计,10~30份聚酯纤维、20~30份高氧指数聚丙烯腈纶、20~30份粗聚丙烯腈纶、40~60份低熔点纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉的加工工艺,其特征在于:所述混合纤维中还包括10~12份海藻纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉的加工工艺,其特征在于:所述混合溶液的制备方法为:将聚乙烯亚胺溶解在Tri-缓冲溶液中,得到浓度为1~2mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺,加入光引发剂混合均匀,得到溶液A;将单宁酸溶于乙醇中,得到浓度为0.5~1mg/mL的溶液B;将溶液A和溶液B等体积混合,得到混合溶液;搅拌浸渍过程中:聚酯纤维与混合溶液的浸渍比为1:(5~8),浸渍温度为23~25℃,搅拌速度为200~400rpm,浸渍时间为12~16小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉的加工工艺,其特征在于:所述碱性溶液是以去离子水为溶剂,加入10~12wt%的尿素和6~8wt%的氢氧化钠配置得到的;环氧氯丙烷的加入量是复合纳米粒子的0.2~0.3wt%;二次搅拌浸渍过程中:浸渍比为1:(5~8),浸渍温度为25~30℃,搅拌速度为600~800rpm,搅拌时间为8~10小时。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的一种耐高温的阻燃隔热棉的加工工艺制备得到的阻燃隔热棉。
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