CN114931514A - 一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液及其制备方法和应用。本发明的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法包括以下步骤:1)制备甜菜苷溶液;2)制备聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液;3)制备乳清蛋白溶液;4)将甜菜苷溶液和聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液混合,进行剪切,得到油包水初乳;5)将油包水初乳和乳清蛋白溶液混合,进行剪切,再进行均质,即得含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液。本发明的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液具有稳定性高、液滴粒径较小、制备工艺简单、生产成本低等优点,有效避免了甜菜苷受酸碱度、温度、光、氧气等因素的影响,可以充分发挥甜菜苷本身的效果,在功能性饮料、化妆品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水包油包水乳液技术领域,具体涉及一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
甜菜苷是从红甜菜根中提取出的成分,是一种含氮水溶性色素,属于吡啶类衍生物。甜菜苷的分子中含有多种不同的取代基,且存在正负电荷,是一种具有内盐结构的天然色素。甜菜苷具有抗氧化、抗炎、护肝、降血压、降血脂等多种功效,且安全无毒,近些年来受到了研究人员的广泛关注。然而,由于甜菜苷易受酸碱度、温度、光、氧气等多方面因素的影响,稳定性较差,其应用受到了很大限制。
因此,开发一种稳定性高的含甜菜苷产品对于实现甜菜苷的大规模应用具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液及其制备方法和应用。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)内水相的制备:将甜菜苷分散在PBS缓冲液中,得到甜菜苷溶液;
2)油相的制备:将聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯分散在大豆油中,得到聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液;
3)外水相的制备:将乳清蛋白粉分散在PBS缓冲液中,进行水合,得到乳清蛋白溶液;
4)油包水初乳的制备:将甜菜苷溶液和聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液混合,进行剪切,得到油包水初乳;
5)水包油包水乳液的制备:将油包水初乳和乳清蛋白溶液混合,进行剪切,再进行均质,
即得含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液。
优选的,步骤1)所述甜菜苷溶液中甜菜苷的质量百分含量为0.5%~2.0%。
优选的,步骤1)所述PBS缓冲液的pH值为5.5~7.5。
优选的,步骤1)所述PBS缓冲液由浓度为0.1mol/L的NaH2PO4溶液和浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液配制而成。
优选的,步骤1)所述分散的方式为磁力搅拌,搅拌速度为300rpm~700rpm,搅拌时间为1h~3h。
优选的,步骤1)所述分散在常温(15℃~35℃)下进行。
优选的,步骤2)所述聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液中聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的质量百分含量为2.0%~5.0%。
优选的,步骤2)所述分散的方式为磁力搅拌,搅拌速度为300rpm~700rpm,搅拌时间为1h~3h。
优选的,步骤2)所述分散在常温(15℃~35℃)下进行。
优选的,步骤3)所述乳清蛋白溶液中乳清蛋白的质量百分含量为0.25%~4.0%。
优选的,步骤3)所述PBS缓冲液的pH值为5.5~7.5。
优选的,步骤3)所述PBS缓冲液由浓度为0.1mol/L的NaH2PO4溶液和浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液配制而成。
优选的,步骤3)所述分散的方式为磁力搅拌,搅拌速度为300rpm~700rpm,搅拌时间为1h~3h。
优选的,步骤3)所述分散在常温(15℃~35℃)下进行。
优选的,步骤4)所述甜菜苷溶液、聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液的体积比为1:1.5~4.0。
优选的,步骤4)所述剪切的速率为10000rpm~12000rpm,剪切时间为3min~6min。
优选的,步骤4)所述剪切采用的是FJ200-SH型数显高速分散均质机。
优选的,步骤5)所述油包水初乳、乳清蛋白溶液的体积比为0.4~1.5:1。
优选的,步骤5)所述剪切的速率为7000rpm~9000rpm,剪切时间为2min~5min。
优选的,步骤5)所述剪切采用的是FJ200-SH型数显高速分散均质机。
优选的,步骤5)所述均质在压力为40MPa~60MPa的条件下进行,均质次数为2次~4次。
优选的,步骤5)所述均质采用的是APV-1000型高压均质机。
一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液,其由上述制备方法制成。
一种功能性饮料,其组成包括上述含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液。
一种化妆品,其组成包括上述含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液具有稳定性高、液滴粒径较小、制备工艺简单、生产成本低等优点,有效避免了甜菜苷受酸碱度、温度、光、氧气等因素的影响,可以充分发挥甜菜苷本身的效果,在功能性饮料、化妆品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
具体来说:
1)本发明的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液具有“两膜三相”结构,不仅能够使甜菜苷与外界环境隔离,对其进行保护(例如:避免甜菜苷受肠胃道以及水环境的破坏),而且还可以实现缓释效果,此外还可以掩盖功能性成分的不良风味;
2)本发明的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液中添加有聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯,其具有长的亲水性聚甘油链,水结合能力优异,是一种高效的亲脂性乳化剂,有助于提升乳液的稳定性;
3)本发明的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液中添加有乳清蛋白,其可以通过空间阻力和静电斥力机制与甜菜苷进行相互作用,进而可以稳定甜菜苷。
附图说明
图1为实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的外观照片。
图2为实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液在不同温度下甜菜苷的保留率测试结果图。
图3为实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的液滴粒径分布图。
图4为实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的流变学特性测试结果图。
图5为实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的Zeta电位测试结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1:
一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)内水相的制备:将2.0g的甜菜苷加入100mL的pH值为7.5的PBS缓冲液(由浓度为0.1mol/L的NaH2PO4溶液和浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液配制而成)中,常温下磁力搅拌1h,搅拌速度为400rpm,得到甜菜苷溶液;
2)油相的制备:将5.0g的聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯加入95.0g的大豆油中,常温下磁力搅拌1h,搅拌速度为700rpm,得到聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液;
3)外水相的制备:将0.25g的乳清蛋白粉加入100mL的pH值为7.5的PBS缓冲液(由浓度为0.1mol/L的NaH2PO4溶液和浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液配制而成)中,常温下磁力搅拌1h,搅拌速度为400rpm,再放置在冰箱中4℃下水合过夜,得到乳清蛋白溶液;
4)油包水初乳的制备:将甜菜苷溶液和聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液按照体积比2:3混合,再置于FJ200-SH型数显高速分散均质机中剪切5min,剪切的速率为12000rpm,得到油包水初乳;
5)水包油包水乳液的制备:将油包水初乳和乳清蛋白溶液按照体积比3:2混合,再置于FJ200-SH型数显高速分散均质机中剪切3min,剪切的速率为9000rpm,进行剪切,再置于APV-1000型高压均质机中50MPa压力下均质3次,即得含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液。
实施例2:
一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)内水相的制备:将1.0g的甜菜苷加入100mL的pH值为6.8的PBS缓冲液(由浓度为0.1mol/L的NaH2PO4溶液和浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液配制而成)中,常温下磁力搅拌1h,搅拌速度为400rpm,得到甜菜苷溶液;
2)油相的制备:将4.0g的聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯加入96.0g的大豆油中,常温下磁力搅拌2h,搅拌速度为600rpm,得到聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液;
3)外水相的制备:将2.0g的乳清蛋白粉加入100mL的pH值为6.8的PBS缓冲液(由浓度为0.1mol/L的NaH2PO4溶液和浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液配制而成)中,常温下磁力搅拌1h,搅拌速度为400rpm,再放置在冰箱中4℃下水合过夜,得到乳清蛋白溶液;
4)油包水初乳的制备:将甜菜苷溶液和聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液按照体积比1:4混合,再置于FJ200-SH型数显高速分散均质机中剪切5min,剪切的速率为10000rpm,得到油包水初乳;
5)水包油包水乳液的制备:将油包水初乳和乳清蛋白溶液按照体积比2:3混合,再置于FJ200-SH型数显高速分散均质机中剪切3min,剪切的速率为7000rpm,进行剪切,再置于APV-1000型高压均质机中50MPa压力下均质3次,即得含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液。
实施例3:
一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)内水相的制备:将0.5g的甜菜苷加入100mL的pH值为5.5的PBS缓冲液(由浓度为0.1mol/L的NaH2PO4溶液和浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液配制而成)中,常温下磁力搅拌1h,搅拌速度为400rpm,得到甜菜苷溶液;
2)油相的制备:将2.0g的聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯加入98.0g的大豆油中,常温下磁力搅拌3h,搅拌速度为700rpm,得到聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液;
3)外水相的制备:将4.0g的乳清蛋白粉加入100mL的pH值为5.5的PBS缓冲液(由浓度为0.1mol/L的NaH2PO4溶液和浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液配制而成)中,常温下磁力搅拌2.5h,搅拌速度为600rpm,再放置在冰箱中4℃下水合过夜,得到乳清蛋白溶液;
4)油包水初乳的制备:将甜菜苷溶液和聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液按照体积比3:7混合,再置于FJ200-SH型数显高速分散均质机中剪切5min,剪切的速率为11000rpm,得到油包水初乳;
5)水包油包水乳液的制备:将油包水初乳和乳清蛋白溶液按照体积比1:1混合,再置于FJ200-SH型数显高速分散均质机中剪切3min,剪切的速率为8000rpm,进行剪切,再置于APV-1000型高压均质机中50MPa压力下均质3次,即得含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液。
性能测试:
1)实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的外观照片如图1(从左至右依次为实施例1~3)所示。
由图1可知:实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液均呈粉白色,且完全没有出现分层现象。
2)取适量实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液于试管中,分别在不同温度(35℃、45℃、55℃、65℃和75℃)下水浴加热1h,用紫外-可见分光光度计分别测定水浴加热处理前后在最大吸收波长535nm下乳液于的吸光度,计算甜菜苷的保留率,并将甜菜苷溶于pH值为6.8的PBS缓冲液(由浓度为0.1mol/L的NaH2PO4溶液和浓度为0.1mol/L的Na2HPO4溶液配制而成)制成的甜菜苷溶液作为空白对照组,每个样品重复测试3次,取平均值,得到的实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液在不同温度下甜菜苷的保留率测试结果如图2所示。
由图2可知:实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液在不同温度下进行水浴加热处理后,甜菜苷的保留率均明显高于空白对照组,且随着乳清蛋白浓度的增加,甜菜苷的保留率也逐渐增大,说明本发明的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液能够有效保护甜菜苷,且乳清蛋白浓度也会影响甜菜苷的稳定性。
3)取适量实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液进行稀释,再采用MalvernZeta Sizer纳米ZS仪对其液滴粒径进行测定(设定参数:颗粒折射率为1.450,吸收指数为0.001,分散系为水,折射率为1.330,测定温度为25℃,重复测定3次,取平均值),得到的实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的液滴粒径分布图如图3所示。
由图3可知:随着外水相乳清蛋白浓度的逐渐增加,液滴粒径分布图中单峰的峰值逐渐向左移动,说明形成了更小的液滴。
4)取1.2mL的实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液,采用HAAKE MARSⅢ流变仪进行流变学特性测试(设定参数:传感器型号为C60/1Ti L,温度控制器型号为MTMC,设定测量间隙为0.052mm,测试温度为25℃,测试前平衡2min,每个样品重复测试3次,取平均值),得到的实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的流变学特性测试结果如图4所示。
由图4可知:随着剪切速率的增加,含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的粘度逐渐减小,出现剪切稀化现象,且流动指数n均小于1,说明含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液为假塑性流体;此外,当乳清蛋白浓度从0.25%增加至4.0%时,对含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的粘度产生了显著影响,且随着乳清蛋白浓度的增大,含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的粘度值也逐渐增大。
5)取适量实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液进行稀释,再采用MalvernZeta Sizer纳米ZS仪对其电极电位进行测定(设定参数:测试温度为25℃,每个样品重复测试3次,取平均值),得到的实施例1~3的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的Zeta电位测试结果图如图5所示。
由图5可知:随着乳清蛋白浓度的增加,含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的电荷量逐渐减小,原因在于:基于蛋白质涂层乳化液滴的表面电荷是由蛋白质分子的氨基和羧基的电离度控制的,界面乳清蛋白的吸附改变了界面乳清蛋白的结构,从而导致含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的Zeta电位随着乳清蛋白浓度的增加而降低。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)内水相的制备:将甜菜苷分散在PBS缓冲液中,得到甜菜苷溶液;
2)油相的制备:将聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯分散在大豆油中,得到聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液;
3)外水相的制备:将乳清蛋白粉分散在PBS缓冲液中,进行水合,得到乳清蛋白溶液;
4)油包水初乳的制备:将甜菜苷溶液和聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液混合,进行剪切,得到油包水初乳;
5)水包油包水乳液的制备:将油包水初乳和乳清蛋白溶液混合,进行剪切,再进行均质,即得含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述甜菜苷溶液中甜菜苷的质量百分含量为0.5%~2.0%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)所述聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液中聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的质量百分含量为2.0%~5.0%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)所述乳清蛋白溶液中乳清蛋白的质量百分含量为0.25%~4.0%。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述PBS缓冲液的pH值为5.5~7.5;步骤3)所述PBS缓冲液的pH值为5.5~7.5。
6.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)所述甜菜苷溶液、聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯的大豆油分散液的体积比为1:1.5~4.0。
7.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5)所述油包水初乳、乳清蛋白溶液的体积比为0.4~1.5:1。
8.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5)所述均质在压力为40MPa~60MPa的条件下进行,均质次数为2次~4次。
9.一种含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液,其特征在于,由权利要求1~8中任意一项所述的制备方法制成。
10.权利要求9所述的含甜菜苷的水包油包水乳液在制备功能性饮料或化妆品中的应用。
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