CN114929531A - 用于液压助力-车辆制动装备的止回阀和液压助力-车辆制动装备 - Google Patents

用于液压助力-车辆制动装备的止回阀和液压助力-车辆制动装备 Download PDF

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CN114929531A
CN114929531A CN202080093248.0A CN202080093248A CN114929531A CN 114929531 A CN114929531 A CN 114929531A CN 202080093248 A CN202080093248 A CN 202080093248A CN 114929531 A CN114929531 A CN 114929531A
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brake
valve
fluid reservoir
check valve
brake fluid
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A·韦赫
M·哈格斯皮尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/341—Systems characterised by their valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/142—Systems with master cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/148—Arrangements for pressure supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/16—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using pumps directly, i.e. without interposition of accumulators or reservoirs
    • B60T13/161—Systems with master cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T15/00—Construction arrangement, or operation of valves incorporated in power brake systems and not covered by groups B60T11/00 or B60T13/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
    • B60T8/3615—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
    • B60T8/3655—Continuously controlled electromagnetic valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/404—Control of the pump unit
    • B60T8/4063—Control of the pump unit involving the direction of fluid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
    • B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/88—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means
    • B60T8/92—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means automatically taking corrective action
    • B60T8/94—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means automatically taking corrective action on a fluid pressure regulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40—Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/402—Back-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/81—Braking systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2410/00—Constructional features of vehicle sub-units
    • B60Y2410/104—Hydraulic valves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Transmission Of Braking Force In Braking Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出了，在不加压的制动液存储容器（10）与具有助力‑制动压力产生器（3）的液压助力‑车辆制动装备（1）的主制动缸（22）之间布置具有阀打开弹簧（29）的止回阀（28），该止回阀朝着主制动缸（22）的方向能够穿流，并且自主制动缸（22）中的通过阀打开弹簧（29）确定的反压力起阻断从主制动缸（22）到制动液存储容器（10）中的回流。

Description

用于液压助力-车辆制动装备的止回阀和液压助力-车辆制动 装备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1的前序部分的特征的用于液压助力-车辆制动装备的专门的止回阀以及一种具有权利要求2的前序部分的特征的带有这样的止回阀的液压助力-车辆制动装备。权利要求4指向权利要求2的变型方案。
背景技术
已知无弹簧的和弹簧加载的止回阀，其中，当超过通过阀闭合弹簧确定的打开压力时，才打开弹簧加载的止回阀。
国际的专利申请WO 2012/150 120 A1公开了一种液压助力-车辆制动装备，其具有能人力操作的主制动缸、助力-制动压力产生器以及制动液存储容器，主制动缸的制动回路通过在其无流量的初始位置中打开的电磁阀而与该制动液存储容器连接。对电磁阀液压地并联地连接了朝着主制动缸的方向能穿流的止回阀。
发明内容
具有权利要求1的特征的按照本发明的止回阀如无弹簧的止回阀那样沿着穿流方向能够穿流。代替阀闭合弹簧，按照本发明的止回阀具有阀打开弹簧，该阀打开弹簧将止回阀直到达到沿着与穿流方向相反设置的闭合方向的确定的反压力之前保持打开，从而止回阀不仅沿着穿流方向而且也沿着相反设置的闭合方向能够穿流，只要没有超过确定的反压力。反压力是存在于阀出口与阀入口之间或者一般地存在于止回阀的两个接头之间的沿着止回阀的闭合方向起作用的压力，当该压力超过确定的值时，该压力逆着阀打开弹簧的打开力闭合按照本发明的止回阀。按照本发明的止回阀闭合以防止沿着闭合方向的穿流，也就是说只有当超过确定的反压力时才闭合。确定的反压力能够是固定的或者能够设定，该反压力尤其由阀打开弹簧又或者由止回阀的几何形状和结构形式来确定。
具有权利要求2的特征的按照本发明的液压助力-车辆制动装备具有能人力操作的主制动缸、助力-制动压力产生器和尤其不加压的制动液存储容器。主制动缸也能够利用助力、也就是说通过人力强化地通过制动压力放大器的助力来操纵。主制动缸的制动回路通过前面阐释的类型的止回阀与制动液存储容器连接。止回阀沿着穿流方向朝着主制动缸的方向能够穿流。沿着相反设置的闭合方向，止回阀直至达到确定的反压力之前同样能够穿流。在超过确定的反压力时、也就是说当压力在止回阀的主制动缸侧上比在制动液存储容器的侧部上大了超过确定的反压力时，止回阀才闭合以防止从主制动缸的方向朝着制动液存储容器的方向的穿流。如果主制动缸具有多于一个制动回路，那么另外的制动回路例如能够不与制动液存储容器、紧接着在没有阀的情况下通过电磁阀、通过并非按照本发明的止回阀或其他的并非按照本发明的阀与制动液存储容器连接。
在权利要求4中所说明的替代方案规定了能切换的测试阀，对止回阀液压地并联地连接了该测试阀。止回阀优选是具有或没有阀闭合弹簧的标准-止回阀。在主制动缸中的相对于制动液存储容器中的压力的确定的过压时打开测试阀，从而当达到或者超过主制动缸中的确定的过压时，制动液也在闭合的测试阀的情况下从主制动缸流出到制动液存储容器中。“能切换”意味着，测试阀能够在闭合的与打开的位置之间切换。
所有在说明书和附图中所公开的特征能够自身单独地或者以原则上任意的组合的方式在本发明的实施方式中实现。本发明的不具有权利要求的或本发明的实施方式的所有的特征、而是仅具有一个或多个特征的实施方案在原则上是可行的。
附图说明
本发明在下文中根据附图中所示出的实施方式更详细地加以阐释。其中：
图1示出了具有按照本发明的止回阀的按照本发明的液压助力-车辆制动装备的液压线路图；
图2a-c示出了按照本发明的止回阀在三种切换位置中的切换标记；并且
图3示出了本发明的更改的实施方式的液压线路图的一部分。
具体实施方式
按照本发明的、液压助力-车辆制动装备1设置用于具有四个液压的车轮制动器2的乘用车并且实施为每个制动回路具有两个液压的车轮制动器2的双回路-制动装备。其他的实施方案是可行的，例如单回路-制动装备或者具有多于两个制动回路的多回路-制动装备和/或其他数目的车轮制动器2和/或车轮制动器2与制动回路的其他的分配方案。
车辆制动装备1具有带有活塞-缸-单元5的电子液压助力-制动压力产生器3，该活塞-缸-单元的活塞6为了产生制动压力而能够借助于电动马达7通过螺纹传动机构8或其他的旋转-平移-转换传动机构在缸9中沿轴向推移。活塞-缸-单元5也能够被称为柱塞-单元，其活塞6被称为柱塞活塞并且其缸9被称为柱塞缸。
助力-制动压力产生器3的活塞-缸-单元5的缸9通过制动管路26直接与制动液存储容器10连接并且通过能朝着缸9的方向穿流的止回阀27间接地与不加压的制动液存储容器10连接，以便能够从制动液存储容器10吸取制动液。活塞-缸-单元5的活塞6在其行程开始时驶过制动管路26，由此使得这种与制动液存储容器10的连接部在活塞-缸-单元5的活塞6的行程开始时被闭合。缸9通过止回阀27始终与制动液存储容器10处于连接之中。
车轮制动器2通过在此被称为助力阀11的阀、第一分离阀12和制动压力调节阀系统13与助力-制动压力产生器3、准确地说与助力-制动压力产生器3的活塞-缸-单元5的缸9连接。为了分成两个制动回路，两个助力阀11液压地并联地、两个第一分离阀12液压地同样地并联地并且在两个助力阀11中的一个助力阀的和两个第一分离阀12中的一个第一分离阀的每个制动回路中液压地串联地布置。通过制动压力调节阀系统13，两个车轮制动器2分别通过助力阀11和第一分离阀12与助力-制动压力产生器3连接。
制动压力调节阀系统13对于每个车轮制动器2具有进入阀14和排出阀15。车轮制动器2通过进入阀14与第一分离阀12连接，更确切地说在每个制动回路中两个车轮制动器2用各一个进入阀14与第一分离阀12连接。车轮制动器2通过排出阀15与制动液存储容器10连接。
进入阀14和排出阀15构成制动压力调节阀系统13，利用该制动压力调节阀系统能够单独地调节每个车轮制动器2中的车轮制动压力。连同液压泵16一起能够实现滑动调节，尤其防抱死调节、驱动滑动调节和/或行驶动态调节或者说电子稳定程序。对于这些滑动调节常用缩写ABS、ASR和/或FDR或者说ESP。行驶动态调节和电子稳定程序在口语中也被称为防滑调节机构。这样的滑动调节是已知的并且在此不详细阐释。
按照本发明的车辆制动装备1具有能用脚制动踏板21操作的双回路-主制动缸22以作为人力-制动压力产生器，每个制动回路中的车轮制动器2通过各一个第二分离阀23、第一分离阀12和制动压力调节阀系统13的进入阀14与该双回路-主制动缸连接，从而也能够用人力操纵车辆制动装备1。第二分离阀23、第一分离阀12和进入阀16液压地串联地布置。双回路-主制动缸22能够具有未被示出的制动力放大器并且于是被称为助力-制动压力产生器。
通过吸取阀20使得液压泵16的抽吸侧与主制动缸22连接，液压泵16能够通过主制动缸从制动液存储容器10吸取制动液。对于每个制动回路存在液压泵16，该液压泵能够用共同的电动马达17来驱动。液压泵16的压力侧通过第一分离阀12和进入阀14与车轮制动器2连接。液压泵16连同吸取阀20和第二分离阀23安置在自身的液压块中，该液压泵用于在滑动调节时产生制动压力。
原则上车辆制动装备1的操纵通过助力来实现，其中，制动压力用电子液压助力-制动压力产生器3产生。在电子液压助力-制动压力产生器3出现干扰或者故障时，能够用滑动调节机构的液压泵16或者可选地用主制动缸22实现制动压力产生。主制动缸22本身用作目标值发送器，其用于在电子液压助力-制动压力产生器3能够运转的情况下在车轮制动器2中有待设定的车轮制动压力。
在两个制动回路中的一个制动回路中，踏板行程模拟器24通过模拟器阀25与主制动缸22连接。踏板行程模拟器24是弹簧加载的液压存储器，其中在模拟器阀25打开时能够将制动液从主制动缸22排出，从而在助力制动——其中第二分离阀23闭合——时活塞能够在主制动缸22中推移并且脚制动踏板21能够运动，以便使得车辆驾驶员获得习惯的踏板感觉。
主制动缸22的两个制动回路中的一个制动回路通过具有阀打开弹簧29的按照本发明的止回阀28与制动液存储容器10连接。另一个制动回路在实施例中直接与制动液存储容器10连接。图2a至c示出了止回阀28的三种不同的切换位置。止回阀28沿着从制动液存储容器10朝着主制动缸22的方向的穿流方向能够穿流。沿着相反设置的闭合方向，阀打开弹簧29将止回阀28直到达到确定的反压力之前保持打开。该反压力是主制动缸22与制动液存储容器10之间的压差，在制动液存储容器10不加压时因此是主制动缸22中的压力。如果超过反压力，反压力就逆着阀打开弹簧29的弹簧力将止回阀28闭合，从而制动液不再能够从主制动缸22流动到制动液存储容器10中。
反压力在不加压的制动液存储容器10方面或者说在制动液存储容器10中的对于闭合止回阀28必要的压力方面也能够理解为主制动缸22中的过压，该反压力由阀打开弹簧29以及止回阀28的几何形状和结构形式所确定。反压力能够是固定的或者能够设定。
对止回阀28前置了过滤器32并且后置了另外的过滤器32，这意味着，在制动液存储容器10与止回阀28之间布置了过滤器32并且在止回阀23与主制动缸22之间布置了过滤器32。没有或者仅带有一个过滤器32的实施方案也是可行的，其中，过滤器32沿着流动方向应该布置在止回阀28之前。能够使用单独的过滤器32或者将这个或者这些过滤器32集成到止回阀28中。画出了在制动液存储容器10与止回阀28之间的集成到止回阀28中的过滤器32和在止回阀23与主制动缸22之间的与止回阀28独立的过滤器32。
为了（首次-）充注，则首先将助力-车辆制动装备1抽真空并且随后通过制动液存储容器10来充注制动液。在抽真空时，阀打开弹簧29将制动液存储容器10与主制动缸22之间的止回阀28保持打开，如图2a示出的那样。在注入制动液时，止回阀28必要时继续打开，如图2c所示出的那样。
如果为了检验助力-制动压力产生器3的功能性而用助力-制动压力产生器3产生液压的制动压力，那么当在第二分离阀23打开的情况下助力阀11被打开时，所产生的制动压力则前进到主制动缸22中。如果主制动缸22中的制动压力超过止回阀28的确定的反压力，那么就闭合该止回阀，使得制动液不再能够通过主制动缸22流动到制动液存储容器10中。助力-制动压力产生器3的功能性、制动液的由于气穴所致的可能的压缩性以及车辆制动装备1的阀的功能性能够得到检验。
为了检验助力-制动压力产生器3的功能性，不具有按照本发明的止回阀28的制动回路的助力阀11就保持闭合，或者该制动回路的第二分离阀23被闭合，因此没有制动液在该制动回路中通过主制动缸22流动到制动液存储容器10中。
图3示出了来自图1的液压线路图的在制动液存储容器10的和主制动缸22的区域中的一部分。如图1中那样，在图3中也在制动液存储容器10与主制动缸22之间布置了止回阀30，该止回阀沿着从制动液存储容器10到主制动缸22的穿流方向能够穿流并且阻断沿着相反设置的闭合方向的穿流。对止回阀30液压地并联地连接了测试阀31，该测试阀在本实施例中是电磁阀、也就是说能切换的阀，该阀在其打开时在制动回路中将主制动缸22与制动液存储容器10连接起来，并且在其闭合时将主制动缸22液压地与制动液存储容器10分离。
测试阀31如此实施，从而当其闭合时在主制动缸22中的确定的过压的情况下打开。与在本实施例中是不加压的制动液存储容器10中相比，过压在主制动缸22中是更高的压力。过压能够是不改变的或者能够设定。测试阀31在不操纵主制动缸22的情况下避免了比车辆制动装备1中的确定的过压要高的压力。
对助力-制动压力产生器3的功能性的上面关于图1所说明的检验在图3中同样是可行的，其方式为：测试阀31闭合，其中，将检验压力限定到确定的过压上，只要主制动缸22没有被操纵，测试阀31就自该过压起打开。例如之前由助力-制动压力产生器3从制动液存储容器10所吸取的制动液能够通过主制动缸22和测试阀31回流到制动液存储容器10中。
止回阀30是无弹簧的并且集成到测试阀31中，从而不需要额外的结构空间。
对止回阀30和测试阀31液压地并联地连接了另外的止回阀33，该另外的止回阀减小了针对制动液从制动液存储容器10到主制动缸22中的流动阻力，这在助力-制动压力产生器3发生故障的情况下在用液压泵12吸取制动液时是显著的优点。因为额外的止回阀33没有集成到测试阀31中，所以其能够具有更大的流动横截面和低的流动阻力。
在图3中也对止回阀30和测试阀31前置了和后置了过滤器32，这些过滤器集成到测试阀31中。更确切地说在一方面制动液存储容器10与另一方面止回阀30和测试阀31之间布置了过滤器32并且在一方面止回阀30和测试阀31与另一方面主制动缸22之间布置了过滤器32。另外的止回阀34设置在制动液存储容器10与另外的止回阀33之间。在另外的止回阀33与主制动缸22之间并不设置过滤器，因为该另外的止回阀33阻断了从主制动缸22朝制动液存储容器10的方向的穿流，也就是说必须被过滤的制动液没有从主制动缸22流动到另外的止回阀33中。对抗止回阀33的从制动液存储容器10到主制动缸22中的穿流的流动阻力在具有仅一个过滤器33的情况下比具有两个过滤器的情况要小。
除此之外，图1和图3的车辆制动装备1一致并且以相同的方式工作，从而为了完善来自图3的线路图能够参阅图1并且为了完善对图3的阐释能够参阅对图1的解释。
在本发明的所说明的和所示出的实施方式中，助力阀11、第一分离阀12、进入阀16、排出阀17、吸取阀20、第二分离阀23、模拟器阀25以及测试阀31是2/2-通-电磁阀，其中，第一分离阀12、进入阀16、第二分离阀23和测试阀31在其无流量的初始位置中是打开的，并且助力阀11、排出阀17、吸取阀20和模拟器阀25在其无流量的初始位置中是闭合的。阀的其他的实施方案和/或切换位置并不排除在外。例如进入阀14和排出阀15结合成3/2-电磁阀也是可行的（未被示出）。

Claims (6)

1.用于液压助力-车辆制动装备（1）的止回阀，该止回阀用于布置在制动液存储容器（10）与主制动缸（22）之间，该止回阀沿着穿流方向能够穿流，其特征在于，所述止回阀（28）具有阀打开弹簧（29），该阀打开弹簧将所述止回阀（28）直到达到沿着与穿流方向相反设置的闭合方向的确定的反压力之前保持打开，从而所述止回阀（28）自超过沿着所述闭合方向的确定的反压力起才闭合。
2.液压助力-车辆制动装备，其具有能人力操作的主制动缸（22）、具有助力-制动压力产生器（3）并且具有制动液存储容器（10），其特征在于，所述主制动缸（22）通过止回阀（28）与所述制动液存储容器（10）连接，所述止回阀沿着从所述制动液存储容器（10）到主制动缸（22）的穿流方向能够穿流，并且所述止回阀具有阀打开弹簧（29），该阀打开弹簧将所述止回阀（28）直到达到沿着与穿流方向相反设置的闭合方向的确定的反压力之前保持打开，从而所述止回阀（28）自超过沿着所述闭合方向的确定的反压力起才闭合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的液压助力-车辆制动装备，其特征在于，对所述止回阀（28）前置了和/或后置了过滤器。
4.液压助力-车辆制动装备，其具有能人力操作的主制动缸（22）、具有助力-制动压力产生器（3）并且具有制动液存储容器（10），其特征在于，所述主制动缸（22）通过能切换的测试阀（31）和相对于所述测试阀（31）液压地并联的止回阀（30）与所述制动液存储容器（10）连接，所述测试阀在所述主制动缸（22）中的确定的过压时相对于所述制动液存储容器（10）打开，所述止回阀沿着从所述制动液存储容器（10）到所述主制动缸（22）的穿流方向能够穿流并且阻断沿着相反设置的闭合方向的穿流。
5.根据权利要求4所述的液压助力-车辆制动装备，其特征在于，对所述测试阀（31）和/或所述止回阀（28）前置了和/或后置了过滤器。
6.根据权利要求2或4所述的液压助力-车辆制动装备，其特征在于，所述车辆制动装备（1）具有能用助力来驱动的液压泵（16），在所述助力-制动压力产生器（3）发生错误或故障时能够利用所述液压泵操纵所述车辆制动装备（1）。
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