CN114929029A - 适用于烤箱烘焙的面包屑包覆小吃 - Google Patents
适用于烤箱烘焙的面包屑包覆小吃 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114929029A CN114929029A CN202080085175.0A CN202080085175A CN114929029A CN 114929029 A CN114929029 A CN 114929029A CN 202080085175 A CN202080085175 A CN 202080085175A CN 114929029 A CN114929029 A CN 114929029A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种适用于烤箱烘焙的预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃,其包含:(a)水含量为30‑90重量%的馅料;(b)包围所述馅料的阻挡层,所述阻挡层含有:‑以干物质重量计15‑75重量%的聚合度(DP)在4‑20范围内的寡糖;‑以干物质重量计2‑45重量%的蛋白质;‑以干物质重量计0‑50重量%的淀粉;其中所述寡糖、蛋白质和淀粉的组合占所述阻挡层的干物质的至少50重量%;以及(c)沉积到周围阻挡层上的面包屑颗粒层。可以在烤箱中加热预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃以制备即食小吃,而不出现爆裂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于烤箱烘焙的(可经受烤箱烘烤的,ovenble)预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃(pre-baked crumb-coated snack),其包含:
·馅料;
·包围所述馅料的阻挡层,所述阻挡层含有:
-聚合度(DP)在4-20范围内的寡糖;
-蛋白质;和
-任选的淀粉;
其中所述寡糖、蛋白质和淀粉的组合占所述阻挡层的干物质的至少50重量%;以及
·沉积到包围阻挡层上的面包屑颗粒的层。
根据本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃可以在烤箱中加热以制备即食小吃,而不出现裂纹或所谓的‘爆裂(blow out)’,即由于馅料内的压力积聚而造成的馅料通过阻挡层和面包屑层的泄漏。
本发明还涉及一种制造适用于烤箱烘焙的面包屑包覆小吃的方法和一种制备即食小吃的方法,所述方法包括在烤箱中加热本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃。
背景技术
油炸的粘面糊和裹面包屑(面包屑包覆)的具有鱼肉、海鲜、家禽肉、红肉、蔬菜、蔬菜炖肉、奶酪等的馅料的小吃由于它们酥脆口感和金棕色外观而受欢迎。这样的面包屑包覆小吃通常包括对其施加了各种各样的包覆材料组合的食物底物。包覆材料典型地包括打底粉(predust)、粘合面糊和面包屑。
工业上生产的仅需要油炸来制备即食小吃的面包屑包覆小吃可商购获得。这些可油炸的小吃典型地通过以下方式制备:用面糊层包覆馅料;将面包屑施加到面糊包覆的馅料上;和冷冻面包屑包覆部分。在油炸期间,馅料和面糊被充分烹饪,并且小吃形成酥脆口感和金棕色外观。油炸小吃的酥脆口感由面糊和面包屑的组合提供。在油炸期间,面糊中的淀粉胶化,并且水被从面糊和面包屑颗粒二者中除去。这些变化一起有助于形成松脆的外层,该松脆的外层是油炸面包屑包覆小吃的特性。
然而,如果在烤箱而不是在油炸锅中加热前述可油炸小吃,则烤箱加热的产品缺少所期望的酥脆口感。这是因为烘焙期间的传热速率远低于油炸期间的传热速率。
打算在烤箱而不是油炸锅中制备的面包屑包覆小吃即所谓的‘适用于烤箱烘焙的’小吃在本领域中是已知的。
US 4,943,438描述了一种制备食品的方法,所述食品在通过微波或常规烘焙进行再加热时在所述食品中产生通过油炸所述食品产生的风味、口感和外观,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)用面糊包覆初始食品;
(b)用面包屑混合物在包覆产品上裹面包屑;
(c)在加湿的烤箱中烘焙裹面包屑产品;
(d)将雾化形式的食用油施加至烘焙产品的表面;然后
(e)将烘焙产品表面暴露于高温加热。
优选的面糊含有水、小麦粉和羧甲基纤维素。
US 4,460,837描述了一种用于对在微波设备中烹饪的食物赋予酥脆的、金棕色表面的食品包覆组合物,其包含:
·40-90重量%的面包屑和油的共混物,其中共混物中的面包屑的量在共混物的66至76重量%的范围内,并且共混物中的油的量在共混物的24至34重量%的范围内;
·5-20重量%的葡萄糖当量(右旋糖当量,DE)在5至20范围内的糊精;
·5-20重量%的预胶化淀粉;和
·2-20重量%的大豆蛋白浓缩物,
所述组合物的总油含量在15-24重量%的范围内。
US 6,562,384描述了一种面糊混合物,其包含35-75%的粘合组分、2-11%的粘度组分和5-50%的酥脆性组分。单独地或组合地使用的木薯糊精(白糊精,Tapiocadextrin)、麦芽糊精、粘合淀粉(例如来自National Starch&Chemical的BATTER BIND)和玉米糖浆固体被认为特别适合用作粘合组分。
WO 96/28051描述了一种面糊组合物,其包含:
·2至10%的寡糖;
·3至12%的可溶性蛋白;
·10至60%的植物油;
·0至5%的乳化剂;
·补足至100%的水。
这种面糊可以用于包裹食品芯,然后施加面包屑。该面包屑包覆产品可以在没有预先油炸的情况下冷冻。
CN 101263913描述了一种面糊组合物,其可以用于制备微波适用的冷冻预先油炸面包屑包覆食品。面糊的干燥组分包含:70-100重量份的面粉;2.5-7.5重量份的大豆蛋白;0.8-2.3重量份的大豆磷脂;2.3-6.8重量份的麦芽糊精;0.1-0.5重量份的瓜尔胶。
US 4,260,637描述了一种干燥的自粘面包屑组合物,其包含:
·具有一定粒度的面包屑,其中至少50重量%的面包屑在通过65目美国标准筛(U.S.Standard Screen)之后保留在20目美国标准筛上,并且其中不超过10重量%的面包屑保留在5目美国标准筛上;以及
·一定量的粘合剂,其有效地将面包屑与湿润的食物结合,所述粘合剂含有蛋白质,所述蛋白质以面包屑的至少约1重量%的水平存在,所述粘合剂已被施加并粘附至所述面包屑的表面。
US 2016/165930描述了一种稳定剂组合物,其以干物质重量计包含:
US 3,852,501描述了一种用于对被烘焙的食物赋予油炸的味道、口感和外观的方法,其包括:
·润湿食物的表面,
·用干燥的主要由10-50%的可食用粉末状酥油、8-35%的含淀粉材料、15-35%的玉米淀粉水解物和5-18%的改性食物淀粉组成的可食用混合物该包覆湿润食物,所述食物淀粉中的至少一些未胶化,以及
·烘焙所述包覆食物直至烤熟。
发明内容
本发明人已经开发了可以在烤箱中加热以制备即食小吃而不出现爆裂和裂纹的预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃。本发明人已经发现,通过采用含有至少15重量%的寡糖的特殊包覆层可以有效地最小化在预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃的烤箱烘焙期间的爆裂与裂纹出现。更具体地,本发明涉及一种适用于烤箱烘焙的预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃,其包含:
(a)水含量为30-90重量%的馅料;
(b)包围该馅料的阻挡层,所述阻挡层含有:
-以干物质重量计15-75重量%的聚合度(DP)在4-20范围内的寡糖;
-以干物质重量计2-45重量%的蛋白质;
-以干物质重量计0-50重量%的淀粉;
其中所述寡糖、蛋白质和淀粉的组合占所述阻挡层的干物质的至少50重量%;以及
(c)沉积到包围阻挡层上的面包屑颗粒的层。
在适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃的预烘焙期间,阻挡层中的寡糖和蛋白质的组合有助于内聚脱水阻挡层的快速形成,该阻挡层有效地防止爆裂与裂纹形成。在预烘焙之后,脱水阻挡层在适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃的冷冻或冷藏储存期间作为在馅料和面包屑之间的有效水分屏障,由此允许该预烘焙小吃可以被烘焙而制备具有酥脆外部包覆层的即食小吃。最后,在适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃的烘焙期间,脱水阻挡层再次有效地防止爆裂和裂纹的出现。
本发明还涉及一种制造适用于烤箱烘焙的预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)提供水含量为至少30重量%的馅料组合物的一部分;
(b)用包覆组合物的层包覆所述馅料组合物的该部分以制备包覆部分,所述包覆组合物具有至少45重量%的水含量并且含有:
-以干物质重量计15-75重量%的聚合度(DP)在4-20范围内的寡糖;
-以干物质重量计2-45重量%的蛋白质;
-以干物质重量计0-50重量%的淀粉;
其中所述寡糖、蛋白质和淀粉的组合占所述包覆组合物的干物质的至少50重量%;
(c)将面包屑颗粒施加到所述包覆部分上以制备面包屑包覆部分;
(d)预烘焙所述面包屑包覆部分以制备预烘焙部分;以及
(a)包装所述预烘焙部分。
本发明还提供了一种制备即食小吃的方法,所述方法包括将本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃在烤箱中加热到至少60℃的芯温度(core temperature)。
具体实施方式
因此,本发明的第一方面涉及一种适用于烤箱烘焙的面包屑包覆小吃,其包含:
(a)水含量为30-90重量%的馅料;
(b)包围馅料的阻挡层,该阻挡层含有:
-以干物质重量计15-75重量%的聚合度(DP)在4-20范围内的寡糖;
-以干物质重量计2-45重量%的蛋白质;
-以干物质重量计0-50重量%的淀粉;
其中该寡糖、蛋白质和淀粉的组合占阻挡层的干物质的至少50重量%;以及
(c)沉积到包围阻挡层上的面包屑颗粒层。
用语‘包括(comprising)’和‘含有(包含,containing)’不应限制性地解释为意指“由......组成”。换言之,除了这些用于后面所列出的特征以外,还可以存在未列出的特征。
如本文中使用的,术语“寡糖”是指含有4至20个单糖残基(即聚合度在4至20范围内)的糖聚合物。寡糖的实例包括低聚果糖(例如水解淀粉)、低聚果糖(例如菊粉)和低聚半乳糖。
如本文中使用的,术语“蛋白质”是指通过肽键键合在一起的至少100个氨基酸残基的线型聚合物。
如本文中使用的,术语“热固性蛋白”是指在未变性蛋白通过加热发生变性时能够形成含水凝胶的蛋白质。此处,“未变性蛋白”是指这样的蛋白质,其仍具有在该蛋白质处于其天然状态时存在的二级结构。
如本文中使用的,术语“淀粉”是指由直链淀粉和/或支链淀粉组成并且含有至少100个单糖残基的多糖。
如本文中使用的,术语“油”是指选自甘油三酯、甘油二酯、单甘油酯、游离脂肪酸和磷脂的脂质。
如本文中使用的,术语“烘焙(烘烤,baking)”是指与例如煮沸或油炸不同,通过暴露于干热来进行烹饪。除了可能涉及蒸汽注入的烤箱加热以外,术语“烘焙”还涵盖例如与过热蒸汽接触、暴露于热空气冲击和暴露于红外辐射。
如本文中使用的,术语“干物质”是指在通过使用强制通风烤箱的蒸发移除水和其他挥发性组分(在105℃下3小时,或者如果尚未移除所有水分就更久)之后留下的物质。
每当在本文中提到颗粒状材料的粒度分布时,使用一组具有不同筛网尺寸的筛来测定粒度(或直径)分布。
本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃的重量优选为8至150克,更优选10至130克,并且最优选15至120克。
根据本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃的实例包括鸡块、芝士片(奶酪块,cheesebites)、炸鱼条(冻鱼条,fish finger)、炸肉饼(炸丸子,croquettes)和“奶油肉丸(bitterballen)”(面包屑包覆蔬菜炖肉球)。
本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃优选具有规则的形状,其中小吃的体积等于完全包围小吃的最小包封球体或椭球体的体积的至少50%。
根据一个特别优选的实施方案,本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃已经被预烘焙。
根据另一个优选的实施方案,本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃是冷冻的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃。
适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃优选地包含40-95重量%的馅料,更优选42-92重量%的馅料,并且最优选45-90重量%的馅料。
在馅料含有至少35重量%的水的情况下,本发明的益处是特别明显的。更优选地,馅料含有40-85重量%的水。最优选地,馅料的水含量为50-80重量%。
优选地,馅料含有至少约50重量%、更优选至少约60重量%并且最优选至少约80重量%的可食用成分,所述可食用成分选自鱼肉、肉、家禽肉、贝类、虾、奶酪、蔬菜炖肉、蔬菜、真菌及其组合。
馅料,尤其是在其由切碎或粉碎的碎块组成的情况下,在形成为部分之前优选地用稳定剂组合物进行浸渍,例如通过浸泡、渗透或注入(例如真空脉冲注入)进行浸渍。合适的稳定剂组合物的实例可以在WO 97/03572中找到。
在本发明的面包屑包覆小吃的预烘焙期间,使阻挡层中的蛋白质至少部分地变性,并且使淀粉(如果存在的话)至少部分地胶化。
包围馅料的阻挡层优选地含有以干物质重量计18-70重量%、更优选20-65重量%并且最优选22-60重量%的DP在4-20范围内的寡糖。
根据另一个优选的实施方案,阻挡层含有以干物质重量计至少12重量%、更优选至少15重量%并且最优选至少18重量%的DP在4-10范围内的寡糖。
适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃的阻挡层中含有的寡糖优选地选自葡萄糖寡糖、果糖寡糖、半乳糖寡糖及其组合。最优选地,寡糖是葡萄糖寡糖。
优选地,阻挡层含有以干物质重量计至少15重量%、更优选至少18重量%并且最优选至少20重量%的DP在4-20范围内的葡萄糖寡糖。
根据一个特别优选的实施方案,阻挡层含有以干物质重量计至少12重量%、更优选至少15重量%并且最优选至少18重量%的DP在4-10范围内的葡萄糖寡糖。
优选地,阻挡层含有以干物质重量计至少2重量%的选自大豆蛋白、卵蛋白、乳清蛋白、豆类蛋白、谷蛋白及其组合的蛋白质。
在本发明的一个有利的实施方案中,阻挡层含有以干物质重量计10-45重量%、更优选12-40重量%的选自大豆蛋白、卵蛋白、豆类蛋白及其组合的热固性蛋白。甚至更优选地,阻挡层含有以干物质重量计10-45重量%、更优选12-40重量%的选自大豆蛋白、豌豆蛋白、羽扇豆蛋白及其组合的热固性蛋白。最优选地,阻挡层含有以干物质重量计10-45重量%、更优选12-40重量%的大豆蛋白。
热固性蛋白和寡糖的组合优选地占阻挡层的干物质的至少35重量%、更优选地占阻挡层的干物质的至少45重量%并且最优选地占阻挡层的干物质的至少50重量%。根据这个实施方案,淀粉优选地占阻挡层中含有的干物质的低于30重量%、更优选低于20重量%并且最优选低于10重量%。
根据另一个有利的实施方案,阻挡层含有以干物质重量计2-15重量%、更优选3-12重量%并且最优选4-10重量%的谷蛋白(面筋,gluten)。
谷蛋白和淀粉的组合优选地占阻挡层的干物质的至少30重量%、更优选地占阻挡层的干物质的至少40重量%并且最优选地占阻挡层的干物质的至少50重量%。
适用于烤箱烘焙的面包屑包覆小吃中存在的阻挡层的脂肪含量以干物质重量计优选为0-10重量%、更优选0-5重量%并且最优选0-3重量%。
为了改善阻挡层的粘合特性和稳定性,包含增稠剂可以是有利的。优选地,以干物质重量计,阻挡层含有0.03-1重量%、更优选0.05-0.6重量%的选自瓜尔胶、黄原胶、纤维素衍生物及其组合的增稠剂。
包围适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃的馅料的阻挡层可以合适地含有以干物质重量计0-22重量%、更优选2-20重量%并且最优选5-18重量%的选自单糖、二糖、三糖及其组合的糖。
寡糖和糖的组合可以合适地由水解淀粉(例如葡萄糖浆)提供。优选地,阻挡层含有以干物质重量计0-22重量%、更优选2-20重量%并且最优选5-18重量%的选自葡萄糖、麦芽糖、麦芽三塘及其组合的糖。
沉积到阻挡层上的面包屑颗粒优选地含有至少50重量%的淀粉。更优选地,面包屑颗粒的淀粉含量为55-85重量%,最优选65-80重量%。
面包屑颗粒的面粉含量优选地超过干物质重量的80%,更优选地,面粉含量超过干物质重量的90%。
面包屑颗粒的谷蛋白含量优选地在5-20重量%的范围内、更优选在5-12重量%的范围内并且最优选在7-11重量%的范围内。
优选地,面包屑颗粒中的淀粉基本上完全胶化,这通过不存在与淀粉颗粒物的存在相关的双折射来证实。当在偏振光中观看时,淀粉颗粒物显示出双折射或典型的“马耳他十字(maltese cross)”。双折射的性质是因为淀粉分子在颗粒物内被径向取向而引起的。当在水中加热淀粉时,丧失双折射。
根据本发明所采用的面包屑颗粒优选地已通过包括以下步骤的方法获得:挤出包含面粉和水的混合物,其中在挤出期间将面粉和水的混合物加热到超过90℃、更优选超过105℃的温度。面包屑颗粒优选地通过研磨如此获得的挤出物而获得。
根据一个特别优选的实施方案,本发明的面包屑颗粒由经研磨的挤出-烘焙面团组成。这些挤出的面包屑颗粒优选地含有0.05-2重量%、更优选0.1-1重量%并且最优选0.12-0.4重量%的选自天然树胶、改性树胶、明胶、果胶、褐藻胶、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、琼脂、角叉菜胶、红藻胶、黄原胶及其组合的生物聚合物。优选地,生物聚合物选自天然树胶及其组合。可以合适地采用的天然树胶的实例包括瓜尔胶、黄原胶、槐豆胶、阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、刺梧桐胶(gum karaya)、茄替胶(gum ghatti)、黄原胶及其组合。最优选地,生物聚合物选自瓜尔胶、槐豆胶、黄原胶及其组合。
面包屑颗粒优选地具有0.5至3mm的体积加权平均直径/更优选0.7至2.8mm的体积加权平均直径并且最优选0.8至2.5mm的体积加权平均直径。
本发明人已经发现,通过交替地施加两个或更多个阻挡层和面包屑层来制备根据本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃可以是有利的。因此,在一个优选的实施方案中,用第二阻挡层包覆沉积在包围馅料的阻挡层上的面包屑颗粒的层,并且将第二面包屑颗粒层沉积到该第二阻挡层上。
优选地,第一阻挡层和第二阻挡层都是如前文所述的阻挡层。优选地,第二阻挡层的干燥组成与包围馅料的第一阻挡层的干燥组成相同。
同样,第二面包屑颗粒层中所采用的面包屑优选为如前文所述的面包屑。
根据另一个优选的实施方案,在适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃的外侧上的面包屑颗粒层涂覆有油。油涂覆层的施加提供以下优点:在烤箱加热之后,即食小吃与油炸小吃非常相似。优选地,油含有至少80重量%的甘油三酯。
根据一个特别优选的实施方案,将本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃包装在包装材料中,所述包装材料携带在烤箱中、优选在160-220℃范围内的温度下加热食品的说明。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一种制造适用于烤箱烘焙的预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)提供水含量为至少30重量%的馅料组合物的一部分;
(b)用包覆组合物的层包覆馅料组合物的该部分以制备包覆部分,所述包覆组合物具有至少45重量%的水含量并且含有:
-以干物质重量计15-75重量%的聚合度(DP)在4-20范围内的寡糖;
-以干物质重量计2-45重量%的蛋白质;
-以干物质重量计0-50重量%的淀粉;
其中寡糖、蛋白质和淀粉的组合占包覆组合物的干物质的至少50重量%;
(c)将面包屑颗粒施加到包覆部分上以制备面包屑包覆部分;
(d)预烘焙面包屑包覆部分以制备预烘焙部分;以及
(e)包装预烘焙部分。
优选地,前述制造方法的步骤(d)得到如前文所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃。
所述方法中采用的馅料组合物优选为如前文所述的馅料。同样,所采用的面包屑颗粒也优选为如前文所述的面包屑颗粒。
所述方法中采用的包覆组合物的干燥组成优选地与如前文所述的阻挡包覆层的干燥组成相同。本发明的方法中应用的包覆组合物的成分也优选地如前文所述。
包覆组合物优选地具有48-88重量%的水含量、更优选50-87重量%的水含量并且最优选52-86重量%的水含量。
在用未烹饪的包覆组合物包覆馅料组合物的部分之前,可以合适地用打底粉包覆所述部分。打底粉的施加有利于包覆组合物粘合到肉、鱼肉、家禽肉和蔬菜的表面上。
根据一个特别优选的实施方案,本发明的方法中所采用的面包屑颗粒的水含量低于8重量%、更优选低于7重量%并且最优选低于6重量%。典型地,面包屑颗粒的水含量为至少1重量%。
本发明的方法中所采用的面包屑颗粒的玻璃化转变温度优选地大于60℃、更优选大于80℃、甚至更优选大于100℃并且最优选大于110℃。
面包屑颗粒的玻璃化转变温度可以通过调制式DSC使用以下程序测定:
-将20-30mg的研磨样品加入到不锈钢DSC盘。将DSC盘插入DSC设备中。
-将样品在20℃平衡,然后以2℃/min的速率加热到160℃的最大温度。
-将样品冷却回到20℃,然后再次以2℃/min的速率加热到160℃的最大温度。
-在加热循环期间测量热流,在第二加热循环中测定玻璃化转变。
在本发明的制造方法中,优选地,将100重量份的馅料组合物与3至60重量份的包覆组合物和3至60重量份的面包屑颗粒合并。更优选地,将约100重量份的馅料组合物与5至45重量份的包覆组合物和5至50重量份的面包屑颗粒合并。
根据一个特别优选的实施方案,在包装之前预烘焙面包屑包覆部分。典型地,将面包屑包覆部分在烤箱温度在130-280-℃范围内的烤箱中预烘焙1-30分钟,更优选在烤箱温度在140-260-℃范围内的烤箱中预烘焙2-20分钟。
在预烘焙期间,面包屑包覆部分的芯温度优选地达到至少50℃、更优选至少55℃并且最优选至少58℃的温度。
根据另一个优选的实施方案,在预烘焙之前用油涂覆面包屑包覆部分,和/或在包装之前用油涂覆预烘焙部分。优选地,用于涂覆所述部分的油含有至少80重量%的甘油三酯。油的熔点优选地低于30℃。所施加的油的量优选地在面包屑颗粒的10至50重量%的范围内,更优选在面包屑颗粒的15至35重量%的范围内。
根据一个特别优选的实施方案,所述方法包括在包装预烘焙部分之前将其冷冻至低于-12℃的芯温度。
为了最小化不期望的水迁移,在预烘焙步骤已结束的5分钟内、优选2分钟内,将预烘焙部分引入到冷冻箱中。
预烘焙部分优选地在冷冻之后进行包装。
本发明的又一个方面涉及一种制备即食小吃的方法,所述方法包括将本发明的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃在烤箱中加热到至少60℃的芯温度。
通过以下非限制性实施例来进一步说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1
如下所述制备适用于烤箱烘焙的预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃(在荷兰被称为“奶油肉丸”)。
基于表1中所示的配方制备蔬菜炖肉馅料。将组合物在95℃烹饪(蒸煮,cooked)30分钟,并且在4℃冷却过夜。
表1
重量% | |
预先烹饪的牛肉 | 15 |
小麦粉 | 6 |
玉米淀粉 | 6 |
棕榈硬脂精 | 5 |
明胶牛肉(Gelatin beef)200BL/30 | 2.02 |
肉汤、牛肉粉、酵母提取物 | 1.06 |
Methocel K99 | 1 |
药草和香料 | 0.99 |
Methocel MX | 0.5 |
盐 | 0.49 |
糖 | 0.44 |
水 | 61.5 |
通过将葡萄糖浆、大豆粉和水合并来制备包覆组合物。不同包覆组合物中施用的葡萄糖浆和大豆粉的重量比在表2中示出。还示出了用于由100克的一种或多种干燥成分制备初始混合物的水的量。
表2
1喷雾干燥的由小麦淀粉制成的葡萄糖浆;95重量%糖类(碳水化合物,carbonhydrates)(3.0%葡萄糖、7.5%麦芽糖、9.5%麦芽三糖、80%高级糖),5重量%水分
2轻微烘焙的脱脂大豆粉(50.0%蛋白质[N*6,25,以干物质计],32.0%糖类,其中14.0%糖,1.0%脂肪,6.5%灰分,9.0%水分)
通过将100克的干燥成分与100至514ml的水使用K-搅打器以全速混合5分钟来制备包覆组合物。接下来,使用Brookfield粘度计(转子62,10rpm)测量粘度,并且加入水以将粘度降低至低于1000mPa.s。
通过Rheon将蔬菜炖肉馅料挤出并成形为17克的球。将这些保持冷冻直到使用。在使用时,通过将蔬菜炖肉球在4℃保持过夜来使其完全解冻。
施加打底粉(馅料部分的吸料率(pick-up)为大约2.4%)。打底粉的组成在表3中示出。
表3
成分 | 重量% |
面包屑(挤出烘焙的面包屑的打底粉部分) | 59.0 |
氧化的小麦淀粉 | 40.0 |
菜籽油 | 1.0 |
用包覆组合物包覆施加了打底粉的馅料部分(大约10%的吸料率)。
用细面包屑对包覆部分进行裹面包屑(0.8-1.5mm,大约7%的吸料率)。之后,再次用包覆组合物包覆这些裹面包屑部分(1.5-2.5mm,大约16%的吸料率)。用粗面包屑对这些包覆部分进行裹面包屑(大约8.%的吸料率)。
面包屑包覆部分用油喷雾(大约4%的吸料率)。
将如此获得的面包屑包覆部分在预热的烤箱中在200℃和30%RH下烘焙6分钟。
在烤箱烘焙之后,将预烘焙小吃放入冰箱中并且在-34℃保持30分钟。接下来,将冷冻的小吃包装在袋中,并且在冷冻箱中在-25℃储存。
在冷冻储存2天之后,通过将冷冻小吃在已经预热至180℃的烤箱中烘焙14分钟来准备冷冻小吃以进行食用。一旦已达到72℃的芯温度就将小吃从烤箱取出。
在将小吃从烤箱取出后立即拍摄小吃的照片。使用这些照片来对在烘焙期间已形成的裂纹的量进行评分。
在从烤箱取出后两分钟,小吃由专家小组评价。小组对小吃的品质进行评分,特别关注外部包覆层的外观和品质(酥脆性等)。
小吃的裂纹量和感官品质都以0至5的标度进行评分:
0=不可接受
1=很差
2=较差
3=良好
4=非常好
5=完美
评价的结果在表4中概述。
表4
实施例2
除了这次使用大豆粉、水和不同的糖类来制备包覆组合物外,重复实施例1。以1∶1的重量比施用糖类和大豆粉。评价的结果在表5中示出。
表5
1喷雾干燥的由小麦淀粉制成的葡萄糖浆;95重量%糖类(3.0%葡萄糖、7.5%麦芽糖、9.5%麦芽三糖、80%高级糖),5重量%水分
实施例3
除了这次基于表6中所示的干燥组成来制备包覆组合物外,重复实施例1。
表6
1喷雾干燥的由小麦淀粉制成的葡萄糖浆;95重量%糖类(3.0%葡萄糖、7.5%麦芽糖、9.5%麦芽三糖、80%高级糖),5重量%水分
2小麦谷蛋白,75重量%蛋白质、7重量%糖类(4%糖、3%淀粉)、6重量%脂肪、1.5重量%纤维、1.5重量%其他、9重量%水分
评价的结果在表7中概述。
表7
实施例4
除了这次基于表8中所示的干燥组成来制备单一包覆组合物外,重复实施例1。
表8
重量份 | |
脱脂大豆粉 | 29.35 |
全脂大豆粉 | 3.5 |
右旋糖 | 4 |
面包屑<0.8mm | 10 |
豌豆蛋白 | 3 |
黄原胶 | 0.15 |
干燥葡萄糖浆 | 50 |
水 | 265 |
使用这种包覆组合物制备的小吃在不存在裂纹以及感官品质方面得到最高评分。
实施例5
除了这次使用如US 2016/0164930的实施例8中公开的含水包覆组合物作为包覆组合物(包覆组合物A)外,重复实施例1,并且将其与根据本发明的包覆组合物(包覆组合物1)进行比较。
这些包覆组合物的配方在表9a和9b中示出。
表9a
包覆组合物A | 重量% |
改性淀粉(THERMFLO) | 0.35 |
增稠剂(METHOCEL A4M) | 0.25 |
黄原胶 | 0.25 |
卵清蛋白 | 0.15 |
水 | 99 |
表9b
包覆组合物1 | 重量% |
大豆粉 | 10.26 |
右旋糖 | 1.00 |
面包屑<0.8mm | 1.30 |
菜籽油 | 0.40 |
黄原胶 | 0.04 |
干葡萄糖浆(DE 20-23)<sup>1</sup> | 12.60 |
水 | 74.40 |
1喷雾干燥的由小麦淀粉制成的葡萄糖浆;95重量%糖类(3.0%葡萄糖、7.5%麦芽糖、9.5%麦芽三糖、80%高级糖),5重量%
如实施例1中那样制备冷冻的预烘焙小吃(使用包覆组合物A的小吃A,使用包覆组合物1的小吃1)。
在冷冻储存3天之后,通过将冷冻的预烘焙小吃在已经预热至220℃的烤箱中烘焙17分钟来准备冷冻小吃以进行食用。一旦已达到72℃的芯温度就将小吃从烤箱取出。
在将小吃从烤箱取出后立即拍摄小吃的照片。使用这些照片来对在烘焙期间形成的裂纹的量进行评分。
在从烤箱取出后两分钟,由专家小组评价小吃。小组对小吃的品质进行评分,特别关注外部包覆层的外观和品质(酥脆性等)。测定一组10个烘焙小吃的裂纹百分比。以0-5的标度对外观、硬度和酥脆性进行评分(0=不可接受而5=完美)。
评价的结果在表10中概述。
表10
Claims (15)
1.一种适用于烤箱烘焙的预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃,其包含:
(a)水含量为30-90重量%的馅料;
(b)包围所述馅料的阻挡层,所述阻挡层含有:
·以干物质重量计15-75重量%的聚合度(DP)在4-20范围内的寡糖;
·以干物质重量计2-45重量%的蛋白质;
·以干物质重量计0-50重量%的淀粉;
其中所述寡糖、蛋白质和淀粉的组合占所述阻挡层的干物质的至少50重量%;
(c)沉积到所述包围阻挡层上的面包屑颗粒的层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃,其中所述阻挡层中的蛋白质选自大豆蛋白、卵蛋白、乳清蛋白、豆类蛋白、谷蛋白及其组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃,其中所述阻挡层含有以干物质重量计10-45重量%的选自大豆蛋白、卵蛋白、豆类蛋白及其组合的热固性蛋白。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃,其中所述热固性蛋白和所述寡糖的组合占所述阻挡层的干物质的至少35重量%。
5.根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃,其中所述阻挡层含有以干物质重量计至少10重量%的大豆蛋白。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃,其中所述寡糖是葡萄糖寡糖。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃,其中所述阻挡层含有以干物质重量计至少20重量%的DP在4-20范围内的葡萄糖寡糖。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃,其中所述阻挡层含有以干物质重量计至少50重量%的大豆蛋白与DP在4-20范围内的葡萄糖寡糖的组合。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃,其包含40-95重量%的馅料。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃,其中所述面包屑颗粒的外部层涂覆有油。
11.一种制造适用于烤箱烘焙的预烘焙面包屑包覆小吃的方法,所述方法包括:
a)提供水含量为至少30重量%的馅料组合物的一部分;
b)用包覆组合物包覆所述馅料组合物的所述部分以制备包覆部分,所述包覆组合物具有至少45重量%的水含量并且含有:
-以干物质重量计15-75重量%的聚合度(DP)在4-20范围内的寡糖;
-以干物质重量计2-45重量%的蛋白质;
-以干物质重量计0-50重量%的淀粉;
其中所述寡糖、蛋白质和淀粉的组合占所述包覆组合物的干物质的至少50重量%;
c)将面包屑颗粒施加到所述包覆部分上以制备面包屑包覆部分;
d)预烘焙所述面包屑包覆部分以制备预烘焙部分;以及
e)包装所述预烘焙部分。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述方法包括在包装所述预烘焙部分之前将其冷冻至低于-12℃的芯温度。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其中将100重量份的馅料组合物与3至60重量份的包覆组合物以及3至60重量份的面包屑颗粒合并。
14.根据权利要求11-13中任一项所述的方法,其中在步骤d)中获得的预烘焙面包屑包覆部分是根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃。
15.一种制备即食小吃的方法,所述方法包括将根据权利要求1-10中一项或多项所述的适用于烤箱烘焙的小吃在烤箱中加热到至少60℃的芯温度。
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JPS6460334A (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-03-07 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd | Production of frozen fried food for cooking in microwave oven |
US5731019A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1998-03-24 | Gorton's, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Coated food product containing a non-starch containing coating composition |
JP2002065194A (ja) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-05 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | フライ用衣材 |
CN105939612A (zh) * | 2013-11-22 | 2016-09-14 | 松脆感控股公司 | 稳定的奶酪产品 |
CN104448845A (zh) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | 黑龙江省大豆技术开发研究中心 | 高阻隔性的大豆分离蛋白可食性膜液及其制备方法与应用 |
US20160165930A1 (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-06-16 | Crisp Sensation Holding S.A. | Stabilized food products |
US20170064982A1 (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-09 | Crisp Sensation Holding S.A. | Microwavable coated food product and method of manufacture |
EP3199038A1 (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-08-02 | Koopmans Koninklijke Meelfabrieken B.V. | Coated crumb particle for coating food products |
EP3900547A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-10-27 | Nisshin Foods Inc. | Flour mix for fried food |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20220295804A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 |
EP4072314B1 (en) | 2023-09-20 |
JP2023506780A (ja) | 2023-02-20 |
WO2021116159A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
EP4072314A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 |
KR20220113958A (ko) | 2022-08-17 |
EP4072314C0 (en) | 2023-09-20 |
AU2020403459A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
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