CN114922717A - 用于布置在机动车辆的排气系统中的废气处理装置 - Google Patents

用于布置在机动车辆的排气系统中的废气处理装置 Download PDF

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CN114922717A
CN114922717A CN202210131230.6A CN202210131230A CN114922717A CN 114922717 A CN114922717 A CN 114922717A CN 202210131230 A CN202210131230 A CN 202210131230A CN 114922717 A CN114922717 A CN 114922717A
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heating element
treatment device
gas treatment
exhaust gas
exhaust
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埃尔玛·格鲁斯曼
乌尔瑞西·鲁舍
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2247/00—Details relating to the separation of dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D2247/10—Means for removing the washing fluid dispersed in the gas or vapours
    • B01D2247/107—Means for removing the washing fluid dispersed in the gas or vapours using an unstructured demister, e.g. a wire mesh demister
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/02—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath
    • B01D47/028—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath by directing the gas through a wetted wire mesh or a perforated plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1872—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the assembly using stamp-formed parts or otherwise deformed sheet-metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/04—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/05—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a magnetic, e.g. electromagnetic, device other than a valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/22—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems of electric heaters for exhaust systems or their power supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0602—Electrical exhaust heater signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1631—Heat amount provided to exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于布置在机动车辆的排气系统中的废气处理装置(1)，其具有加热盘(3)，所述加热盘对应于废气后处理组件，特别是催化转化器(2)。所述加热盘(3)由平面加热元件和与所述加热元件耦合的支架(6)构成，其中所述支架(6)在所述加热元件的横截面面积内延伸并且所述支架(6)自身以盘形的方式构建，其中所述加热盘(3)的内表面由彼此不规则耦合的弧形轮辐(9)构成。

Description

用于布置在机动车辆的排气系统中的废气处理装置
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车辆排气系统领域，尤其涉及一种废气处理装置。
背景技术
为了符合法规以及市场和客户的期望，现如今对内燃机进行了修整以实现最高效率并且尽可能少地产生余热。
这与冷起动后废气组分的快速加热以及在常规的试验循环期间保持此温度范围以确保将有害的废气成分转化为无害元素的最佳反应条件相矛盾。
在采用催化转化器的情况下，此起燃始于约180℃，反应速度随着温度的升高而增大。即将到来的审批限制将在冷起动后直接评估废气成分，因此应尽快达到起燃温度。
为此，使用加热元件，其允许在一定限度内对排气设备进行主动热管理。这些加热元件目前通常由薄板蜂窝结构(板翅结构)螺旋式地卷绕而成。通过气隙确保将导体(蜂窝线)隔开。通过高温焊接对整体结构进行加固。通常通过陶瓷销(支撑销)实现整个加热矩阵的电绝缘，其中将这些销件插入催化转化器内。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，基于现有技术，在排气系统中布置一种加热装置，所述加热装置成本较低且易于生产，同时能提供高效的加热功率并且特别是具有较高的耐热性。
本发明用以达成上述目的的解决方案在于一种用于布置在机动车辆的排气系统中的废气处理装置，其具有加热盘，所述加热盘对应于废气后处理组件，所述加热盘由平面加热元件和与所述加热元件耦合的支架构成，其中所述支架在所述加热元件的横截面面积内延伸并且所述支架自身以盘形的方式构建有网格状结构，其中所述支架的网格状结构由彼此不规则耦合的弧形轮辐构成。
在一实施例中，所述支架由金属材料构成、特别是构建为冲压构件或者剪切而成。
在一实施例中，两个相邻的弧形轮辐具有沿相反方向的弧形形状。
在一实施例中，在弧形轮辐上设有至少一个、优选两个、尤其优选三个用于与所述加热元件耦合的固定点。
在一实施例中，所述加热元件具有蜂窝状结构并且特别是构建为电动加热元件。
在一实施例中，所述加热元件由波形的薄膜材料构成或者所述加热元件的加热导体由多孔板或金属丝网构成，其中所述多孔板或金属丝网优选螺旋式地卷绕。
在一实施例中，在所述加热元件与所述支架之间布置有电绝缘且耐热的耦合构件，特别是陶瓷套管。
在一实施例中，所述加热元件夹在两个支架中。
在一实施例中，构建有作为耦合构件的间隔套管以及穿过所述间隔套管的销件，其中所述间隔套管以电绝缘的方式构建。
在一实施例中，在一个耦合构件中布置有两个相对指向的固定销，所述固定销在其尖端处彼此耦合并且所述固定销，优选处于拉应力下。
在一实施例中，所述支架在所述废气处理装置的壳体中与至少部分、特别是完全环周的外部轮廓耦合，其中所述轮辐随后以一体成型且材料统一的方式从所述轮廓径向向内定向地连接和相互耦合。
本发明涉及一种用于布置在机动车辆的排气系统中的废气处理装置。所述机动车辆具有内燃机。这个内燃机例如可以是柴油机或奥托发动机。这个机动车辆也可以是具有附加内燃机的混合动力机动车辆。因此，所述废气处理装置为废气后处理装置。
所述机动车辆具有排气系统。在这个排气系统中布置有特别是形式为催化转化器的废气后处理组件。在这个排气系统中，加热盘沿废气流动方向位于催化转化器的上游或下游。这个加热盘用于例如在冷起动阶段期间对催化转化器进行外部电加热。
所述加热板自身由平面加热元件构成。其可以是加热盘管或蜂窝装置。所述加热元件特别是为电阻加热器，其在供电时在极短的时间内生热，然后通过辐射和/或对流加热催化转化器。这个加热元件或这个加热盘也可以由多孔板或者金属丝布或金属丝网制成。这个加热盘自身不必构建为一体式平面体，其也可以是螺旋式盘绕的加热导体，然而，这个加热导体随后布置在圆盘的平面中。在此情况下，这个加热导体自身或是实心的，或是也可以由多孔材料构成，例如由金属丝网构成。这个金属丝网指的是金属丝布或多孔板。此外，此举的优点在于，不仅可以围绕加热元件进行环流，而且还可以流过加热导体的相应孔隙度。
为了使得电加热元件布置在排气系统中，根据本发明，设有支架。这个电加热元件与支架耦合。所述支架至少在这个加热元件的横截面面积内延伸。
所述支架特别是径向环轴地以比加热元件自身更大的方式构建。因此，可以将这个支架布置在废气后处理组件的壳体中，特别是可以将这个支架与内侧面耦合。然后，这个支架将加热元件保持在相对于径向与壳体的内侧面间隔一定距离之处。
为了使得支架也可以以轴向间隔一定距离的方式保持这个加热元件自身，这个支架自身构建为盘形的平面元件。然而，为了使得废气能够流过支架，这个支架自身并未构建为密封的圆盘，而是具有蜘蛛网状或网格状的结构。根据本发明，这个结构的具体构建方式在于，这个支架的相对于径向的内表面或者这个支架的圆盘形状由弧形延伸且彼此耦合的轮辐构成。在此情况下，这些弧形轮辐遵循样条函数或者具有弯曲的走向。各个轮辐的弧形形状赋予支架特殊的热机械强度。因此，基于这个弧形形状，以最佳的方式对因不同温度范围而引起的膨胀或收缩进行补偿。
在此情况下，加热板通过各个耦合点或保持点与支架耦合。此，由于良好的热机械强度，这些固定点仅会经历很小的因膨胀或收缩而引起的位置变化，这反过来也会对与支架耦合的加热元件的热机械强度产生影响。
在本发明中，轮辐不必从外部环周式框架或轮廓径向向内延伸至轮毂。在本发明中，轮辐是延伸到内部区域的连接件。径向向内定向并不意味着直线地向内延伸，而是轮辐通常具有朝向盘形主体的径向定向的内部空间的定向。
因此，这些轮辐连接在一起以形成基本上不规则的支撑网格，因而能够在加热导体的整个横截面面积上建立连接点。同时，流阻极低，因为这些轮辐相对于废气后处理组件的壳体的整个横截面覆盖的横截面面积小于20％，特别是小于15％，尤其优选小于10％。在这个支架中设有较大的切口区域，因此，废气可以流过支架和加热元件，增加的流阻几乎可以忽略不计。因此，轮辐之间的中间区域以可通流的方式构建或剪切。
所述支架例如可以由金属材料、特别是耐废气的不锈钢材料通过激光切割等工艺制成冲压构件或切出的构件，在此特别是采用铁素体或奥氏体材料。
两个相邻的轮辐特别优选相对于弧形形状相对彼此沿相反方向延伸。基于不同的膨胀性能，此举可以进一步提高热阻。
为了使得加热元件与支架耦合，设有间隔件。这些间隔件特别是指的是陶瓷套筒。陶瓷套筒的优点在于，其以耐热且不导电的方式构建。然后特别优选将销件以穿过这些陶瓷套筒的方式与支架和加热元件耦合。因此，这个加热元件形状配合且位置固定地以与支架轴向间隔一定距离的方式布置并且同时电绝缘。因此，在对这个加热元件进行供电时，不会与废气后处理组件的壳体发生短路。
在另一优选的技术变体中，也可以被称为固定销的销件布置在预应力下。实现这个预应力的具体方式特别是在于对这些销件进行点焊。借此在环境温度下实现以下情形：在焊接过程中会发生高度的热作用并且这些销件以形状配合的方式焊接。如果销件冷却下来，这个销件就会收缩，从而耦合地通过陶瓷间隔套筒预紧支架和加热盘。这样就可靠地避免配合松脱、格格作响或者产生热应力或发生膨胀。
特别优选可以通过以下方式改进上述效果：将两个固定销从相对侧插入，即以彼此相对的方式插入。然后在发生接触的尖端处将这些销件彼此耦合，特别是焊接在一起。多余的材料熔化，两个形成的销件的轴向长度相当于焊接过程结束时加热盘、间隔套筒与支架之间的间距。在焊接过程之后，材料收缩，使得彼此耦合的两个销件沿其轴向而收缩，从而通过形式为陶瓷套管的间隔件将加热盘耦合到支架上，其中这些销件处于预应力或拉应力下。因此，在运行期间的后期加热过程中，即在废气流动时，这些销件基于预应力的膨胀不会引起格格作响或松动的保持。这样就提高了支架的使用寿命。
这些轮辐自身优选以一体成型且材料统一的方式构建在支架中。
在另一优选的技术变体中，所述支架自身也可以采用多层的构建方案。在此情况下，优选设有三个板层。两个外部板层构建为相应的夹板或保持板。中间的板层构建为隔板。这样就能借助轴环将相应的陶瓷套筒插入这个隔板的开口中。然后，沿轴向位于上游的夹板将间隔套筒的轴环固定在支架自身中。可以将各个层彼此耦合，特别是以材料接合的方式，例如通过钎焊过程或熔焊过程。
在另一优选的技术变体中，所述加热元件相对于废气流动方向夹层式地布置在两个支架之间。这表明，一个支架沿废气流动方向位于所述加热元件的上游，另一支架沿废气流动方向位于所述加热元件的下游。因此，即使在流过废气后处理组件的废气的高流速下，加热元件也相对于轴向最佳地得到保持。
附图说明
本发明的其他优点、特征和特性是以下描述的主题。有利的技术变体在示意图中示出。这些图示用于简单理解本发明。
图1为根据本发明的废气处理装置的分解图，
图2为根据本发明的具有加热盘的支架的透视图，
图3为根据本发明的具有位于其后方的加热盘的支架的俯视图或端视图，
图4为根据图3的剖视图，
图5为图4的详图，以及
图6为加热盘的替代性技术变体，这个加热盘沿废气流动方向布置在两个支架之间。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的用于布置在机动车辆的排气系统中的废气处理装置1。为此，催化转化器2与沿废气流动方向A位于上游的加热盘3布置在壳体4中。在壳体4上可以设有电接头5，从而可以为布置在壳体4中的加热盘3供电。
图2和3示出壳体4中的加热盘3的透视图和端视图。根据本发明的支架6沿废气流动方向A位于加热盘3的上游。
支架6自身以盘形的方式构建有网格状结构。支架6的外部环周式框架或外部环周式轮廓7与壳体4的内侧面8耦合。这可以例如通过钎焊或熔焊来实现。在此情况下，各个轮辐9从外部环周式轮廓7或环件沿径向R向内延伸，这些轮辐形成网格状结构。轮辐9自身均以弯曲或弧形的方式延伸。在这个技术变体中，轮辐9相对彼此不规则地分布。两个相邻或邻接的轮辐9优选分别沿相反方向延伸。
因此，支架6的横截面面积基本上覆盖了壳体4的内侧面8的横截面面积。然而，在轮辐9或支架6的网格状结构之间设置有凹槽，从而提供优选80％以上、特别是85％以上、特别优选90％以上、最优选95％以上的横截面面积以供废气流过。因此，支架6对流经废气处理装置1的废气的流阻的影响可以忽略不计。
加热盘3具有距壳体4的内侧面8的相应间距10。因此，加热盘3的热膨胀不会致使加热盘3沿径向R与壳体4发生接触，因而不会引发短路。
然后，固定点11布置在各个轮辐9上。这些固定点11具有间隔件12，其特别是为陶瓷套筒。在此情况下，加热盘3通过间隔件12与支架6自身耦合。在一个轮辐9上优选构建有三个固定点11。因此，可以在轮辐9的整个走向中，在对热膨胀进行检查的情况下，实现给定保持功能的最佳补偿比和对热膨胀的补偿。
图4为根据图3的纵向剖视图。在此情况下可以看出，嵌板13布置在壳体4自身中，这个嵌板沿径向R与壳体4的实际内侧面8间隔一定距离。因此，在此情况下，支架6耦合在嵌板13的内侧面8上。设有用于隔热的气隙19。嵌板13优选构建为套筒。如图4所示，支架6自身以三层的方式构建。这个支架具有两个沿轴线位于外侧的保持板14以及一个位于中间的隔板15。借此实现以下根据本发明的效果。形式为陶瓷套筒的间隔件12具有位于顶部的轴环16。轴环16被布置在隔板15的相应开口中，然后通过沿废气流动方向A位于上游和下游的保持板以形状配合的方式对这个轴环进行固定。这样一来，相应的间隔件12或相应的陶瓷套筒便以形状配合的方式固定在支架6上。各个层可以以材料接合的方式相互耦合。在根据图5的放大视图中特别是再次清楚地示出上述情形。在此情况下，借助固定销17或螺栓以形状配合的方式将加热盘3安放到间隔件12的轴向末端上并且通过固定销17以形状配合的方式对这个加热盘进行固定。在此，从两侧插入固定销17，这些固定销在中心耦合点18处例如通过电阻点焊而彼此耦合。位于支架6的侧面上的固定销17仅在电绝缘的间隔件12上具有设备触点。因此，在加热盘3与间隔件12之间不存在导电连接。
图6为另一技术变体的剖视图。在此，支架6沿废气流动方向1位于加热盘3的上游并且另一支架6位于这个加热盘的下游。加热盘3自身由呈波纹状的板层构成。在俯视或者从废气流的角度来看时，此举会产生蜂窝状结构。还通过位于上游和下游的支架6沿径向R为这个蜂窝状结构配备强度。然后，间隔件12又布置在支架6之间。在此情况下，加热盘3以分别间隔轴向间距10的方式布置在间隔件12自身上。固定销17穿过间隔件12并且以形状配合的方式与相对的支架6耦合。在此情况下，例如可以将固定销17与支架6点焊或钎焊在一起。间隔件12各具有一个轴环16，使得加热盘3以形状配合的方式固定在轴环16之间并且借此特别是以与支架6电绝缘的方式布置在废气处理装置中。
4附图标记表
1-废气处理装置
2-催化转化器
3-加热盘
4-壳体
5-电接头
6-支架
7-框架/轮廓
8-4的内侧面
9-轮辐
10-间距
11-固定点
12-间隔件
13-嵌板
14-保持板
15-隔板
16-轴环
17-固定销
18-耦合点
19-气隙
R-径向
A-废气流动方向。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于布置在机动车辆的排气系统中的废气处理装置(1)，其具有加热盘(3)，所述加热盘(3)对应于废气后处理组件，其特征在于，所述加热盘(3)由平面加热元件和与所述加热元件耦合的支架(6)构成，其中所述支架(6)在所述加热元件的横截面面积内延伸并且所述支架(6)自身以盘形的方式构建有网格状结构，其中所述支架(6)的网格状结构由彼此不规则耦合的弧形轮辐(9)构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，所述支架(6)由金属材料构成、特别是构建为冲压构件或者剪切而成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，两个相邻的弧形轮辐(9)具有沿相反方向的弧形形状。
4.根据上述权利要求中1或2所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，在弧形轮辐(9)上设有至少一个、或者两个、或者三个用于与所述加热元件耦合的固定点(11)。
5.根据上述权利要求1或2所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，所述加热元件具有蜂窝状结构，或者所述加热元件构建为电动加热元件。
6.根据上述权利要求中1或2所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，所述加热元件由波形的薄膜材料构成或者所述加热元件的加热导体由多孔板或金属丝网构成，其中所述多孔板或金属丝网优选螺旋式地卷绕。
7.根据上述权利要求中1或2所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，在所述加热元件与所述支架(6)之间布置有电绝缘且耐热的耦合构件，或者在所述加热元件与所述支架(6)之间布置有电绝缘且耐热的陶瓷套管。
8.根据上述权利要求中1或2所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，所述加热元件夹在两个支架(6)中。
9.根据上述权利要求中1或2所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，构建有作为耦合构件的间隔套管以及穿过所述间隔套管的销件，其中所述间隔套管以电绝缘的方式构建。
10.根据权利要求9所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，在一个耦合构件中布置有两个相对指向的固定销(17)，所述固定销在其尖端处彼此耦合并且所述固定销(17)处于拉应力下。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的废气处理装置(1)，其特征在于，所述支架(6)在所述废气后处理组件的壳体(4)中与至少部分的外部轮廓(7)耦合，其中所述轮辐(9)随后以一体成型且材料统一的方式从所述轮廓(7)径向向内定向地连接和相互耦合。
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GB201904232D0 (en) * 2019-03-27 2019-05-08 Johnson Matthey Plc Apparatus, vehicle and method
NO20190635A1 (en) * 2019-05-21 2020-11-23 Vestlandets Innovasjonsselskap As A catalytic converter module and a method of enhancing the efficiency of a catalytic converter
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DE202020104976U1 (de) 2020-08-28 2020-10-06 Hjs Emission Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisches Heizaggregat zum Einschalten in den Abgasstrang einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie damit ausgerüstetes Abgasreinigungsaggregat
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US20220251991A1 (en) 2022-08-11
EP4047194A1 (de) 2022-08-24

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