CN114920903A - 一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN114920903A
CN114920903A CN202210768668.5A CN202210768668A CN114920903A CN 114920903 A CN114920903 A CN 114920903A CN 202210768668 A CN202210768668 A CN 202210768668A CN 114920903 A CN114920903 A CN 114920903A
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curing agent
isocyanate curing
blocked isocyanate
diisocyanate
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邱建帆
朱彦
张初银
方飞
韩飞龙
杜飘扬
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Zhejiang Huafon Synthetic Resin Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法和应用,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂包括聚酯多元醇、二异氰酸酯、多羟基叔胺类化合物、非质子极性溶剂和封闭剂的组合;所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂为超支化结构,具有粘度低、操作性佳和流平性能好的优势,进而可以实现快速固化,有助于增强制品的物性和耐溶剂性能,且所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的分子链中含有叔胺结构,可以对酯交换进行催化,进而将其作为固化剂应用于制备聚氨酯合成革的制备时,还可以使得到的制品具有优异的自修复性能。

Description

一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于异氰酸酯固化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
异氰酸酯作为聚氨酯工业的重要原料之一,已有很多不同类型的产品在工业上得到实际的应用,且不断有新产品推出,但是异氰酸酯单体存在着单体毒性较大,反应活性较高,且易与亲核试剂(如水)反应等缺点,而封闭型异氰酸酯是解决上述问题的有效办法之一。封闭型异氰酸酯是指异氰酸酯单体或者含有异氰酸酯基的化合物与含活性氢的化合物反应而得的化合物,封闭型异氰酸酯的合成是一个封闭反应和解封闭反应同时存在的可逆反应,封闭反应是使高活性的异氰酸基团在低温下失去活性,解封闭反应是使失去活性异氰酸基团在一定条件下重新生成高活性的异氰酸酯基团。
封闭型异氰酸酯最重要的用途之一就是作为封闭型水性异氰酸酯固化剂,封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂在使用时可以将其直接加入水性含羟基聚丙烯酸酯分散体中,进而得到单组份的水性涂料,得到的水性涂料施工过程中,通过烘烤使得封闭多异氰酸酯解封与水性含羟基聚丙烯酸酯分散体发生交联反应,解决了性能与施工性的矛盾。
目前,对于封闭型多异氰酸酯固化剂的研究和报道有很多。CN114230764A公开了一种水性封闭型的聚异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法和应用。该制备方法包括:将磺酸盐、二异氰酸酯三聚体和催化剂混合,进行第一次反应,待反应结束后加入亚硫酸氢盐,进行第二次反应,制得所述水性封闭型的聚异氰酸酯固化剂;利用该发明所提供的水性封闭型的聚异氰酸酯固化剂制备的水性聚氨酯涂料的稳定性强,在高温下储存粘度变化小,形成的漆膜的光泽度高,透明度高。CN104130375A公开了一种聚丙烯酸酯改性水性封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法,该固化剂是多异氰酸酯半封闭物与含羟基的聚丙烯酸酯形成的预聚体,经中和、乳化得到的,NCO与OH的摩尔比为1~1.15:1;含羟基聚丙烯酸酯是以10~50wt%的溶剂为底料,将5~15%含羧基的乙烯基类单体、2~20%含伯羟基或仲羟基的丙烯酸酯单体、1~10%的含伯羟基的ε-己内酯改性乙烯基单体、5~70%其它含乙烯基结构的单体,0.1~5%链转移剂和0.05~3%引发剂的混合物滴入底料中制得的;该发明制备得到的固化剂与主体树脂混容好、固化效率高,成本低,柔韧且抗冲击。CN111349214A公开了一种无溶剂封闭型有色多异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法与应用,该多异氰酸酯固化剂由烯醇或丙烯酸酯对多异氰酸酯改性,再在引发剂作用下发生不饱和双键的共聚,以及封闭剂对剩余的NCO进行封端制备得到,该固化剂解决了传统溶剂型多异氰酸酯固化剂的高污染、气味大、毒性大等问题。
但是,目前现有技术中提供的应用于水性聚氨酯体系的封闭型多异氰酸酯海普遍存在价格高以及固化效率的问题低,这是因为在涂层固化过程中,当一部分封闭型异氰酸酯解封,一部分异氰酸酯发生交联反应后,同一个固化剂分子中残余的异氰酸酯基团由于空间位阻原因移动较为困难,难以与羟基聚丙烯酸酯发生交联反应,导致固化效率降低。
因此,开发一种固化速度快,进而可以使制品具有优异耐溶剂性能的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,是本领域急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法和应用,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂具有粘度低、操作性佳和流平性能好的优势,可在较低温度(100℃)发生解封而实现快速固化,进而应用于制备聚氨酯合成革时,可以使制品具有优异耐溶剂性能和自修复性能。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂按照重量份包括如下组分:
Figure BDA0003723081830000031
其中,所述二异氰酸酯可以为15重量份、20重量份、25重量份、30重量份、35重量份或40重量份等。
所述多羟基叔胺类化合物可以为4重量份、6重量份、8重量份、10重量份、12重量份、14重量份、16重量份或18重量份等。
所述非质子极性溶剂可以为5重量份、10重量份、20重量份、30重量份、40重量份、50重量份、60重量份或65重量份等。
所述封闭剂可以为5.5重量份、6重量份、6.5重量份、7重量份、7.5重量份、8重量份、8.5重量份、9重量份或9.5重量份等。
首先,本发明提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂在制备原料中加入多羟基叔胺类化合物,进而在制备得到的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的分子链中引入了叔胺结构,该结构对酯交换反应具有催化作用,因而后续将本发明提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂应用于聚氨酯合成革的制备中时,可以使得到的制品具有优异的自修复性能。
其次,本发明提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂为超支化结构,具有粘度低、操作性佳和流平性能好的优势,可在较低温度下解封进而实现快速固化,有助于增强制品的物性和耐溶剂性能。
优选地,所述聚酯多元醇的分子量为1000~3000,例如1200、1400、1600、1800、2000、2200、2400、2600或2800等。
优选地,所述聚酯多元醇包括聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇或己二酸系聚酯多元醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为己二酸系聚酯多元醇。
优选地,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂中还包括聚醚多元醇。
优选地,所述二异氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
优选地,所述多羟基叔胺类化合物的官能度不低于3,例如4、5、6、7、8、9或10等。
优选地,所述多羟基叔胺类化合物包括三乙醇胺、六甲醇基三聚氰胺、羟乙基六氢均三嗪或双(2-羟乙基)氨基(三羟甲基)甲烷中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为六甲醇基三聚氰胺、羟乙基六氢均三嗪或双(2-羟乙基)氨基(三羟甲基)甲烷中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述非质子极性溶剂包括N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、丙酮、丁酮或甲苯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
优选地,所述封闭剂包括丁酮肟、苯酚、己内酰胺、N-甲基苯胺、乙酰丙酮、亚硫酸氢钠或乙基硫醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为亚硫酸氢钠。
优选地,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂还包括氧化剂。
优选地,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂中抗氧剂的含量为0.05~0.2重量份,例如0.07重量份、0.09重量份、0.11重量份、0.13重量份、0.15重量份或0.17重量份等。
优选地,所述抗氧剂包括盐基性铅盐类化合物、金属皂类化合物、芳香胺类化合物、受阻酚类化合物或亚磷酸酯类化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为受阻酚类化合物。
第二方面,本发明提供一种如第一方面所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚酯多元醇、多羟基叔胺类化合物、非质子极性溶剂、任选地聚醚多元醇和任选地抗氧剂进行混合,加入二异氰酸酯进行反应,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的异氰酸酯封端的预聚物和封闭剂进行反应,得到所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂。
在本发明提供的制备方法中,聚酯多元醇与多羟基叔胺类化合物同时与二异氰酸酯进行反应,这样有助于在封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的分子链中引入叔胺结构,进而提高封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂制备得到的聚氨酯的耐溶剂和自修复性能。
优选地,步骤(1)所述反应的温度为55~85℃,例如57℃、59℃、61℃、63℃、65℃、67℃、69℃、71℃、73℃、75℃、77℃、79℃、81℃或83℃等。
优选地,步骤(2)所述反应的温度为45~65℃,例如47℃、49℃、51℃、53℃、55℃、57℃、59℃、61℃或63℃等。
第三方面,本发明提供一种如第一方面所述的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂在合成革中的应用。
优选地,所述应用包括作为合成革面层固化剂或合成革粘接层固化剂。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂包括聚酯多元醇、二异氰酸酯、多羟基叔胺类化合物、非质子极性溶剂和封闭剂的组合;通过在封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的分子链中引入叔胺结构,利用该结构对酯交换反应具有的催化作用,使得将所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂应用于聚氨酯合成革的制备中时,可以使得到的制品具有优异的自修复性能。
(2)本发明提供的低温解封的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂为超支化结构,具有粘度低、操作性佳和流平性能好的优势,可在较低温度下解封而实现快速固化,有助于增强制品的物性和耐溶剂性能。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其按照重量份包括如下组分:
Figure BDA0003723081830000061
Figure BDA0003723081830000071
其中,己二酸聚酯多元醇的分子量为2000,来源于华峰PE-3020,受阻酚类化合物为抗氧化剂RIANOX 1010;
本实施例提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将己二酸聚酯多元醇、六甲醇基三聚氰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和受阻酚类化合物进行混合均匀后,升温至60℃加入六亚甲基二异氰酸酯进行反应,得到NCO封端的预聚物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的NCO封端的预聚物和亚硫酸氢钠在50℃下充分反应,得到所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂。
实施例2
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其按照重量份包括如下组分:
Figure BDA0003723081830000072
其中,己二酸聚酯多元醇的分子量为1000,来源于华峰PE-12112;
本实施例提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将己二酸聚酯多元醇、六甲醇基三聚氰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和受阻酚类化合物进行混合均匀后,升温至55℃加入六亚甲基二异氰酸酯进行反应,得到NCO封端的预聚物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的NCO封端的预聚物和亚硫酸氢钠在45℃下充分反应,得到所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂。
实施例3
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其按照重量份包括如下组分:
Figure BDA0003723081830000081
其中,己二酸聚酯多元醇的分子量为3000,来源于赢创Dynacoll 7130,受阻酚类化合物为抗氧化剂RIANOX 245;
本实施例提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将己二酸聚酯多元醇、六甲醇基三聚氰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和受阻酚类化合物进行混合均匀后,升温至85℃加入六亚甲基二异氰酸酯进行反应,得到NCO封端的预聚物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的NCO封端的预聚物和亚硫酸氢钠在65℃下充分反应,得到所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂。
实施例4
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,制备原料中还包括30重量份的聚醚多元醇(巴斯夫PTMEG 2000),其他组分、用量和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例5
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,采用聚碳酸酯多元醇(旭化成Duranol T4672)替换己二酸聚酯多元醇,其他组分、用量和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例6
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,采用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯替换六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,其他组分、用量和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例7
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,采用三乙醇胺替换六甲醇基三聚氰胺,其他组分、用量和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例8
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,采用双(2-羟乙基)氨基(三羟甲基)甲烷替换六甲醇基三聚氰胺,其他组分、用量和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例9
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,采用羟乙基六氢均三嗪替换六甲醇基三聚氰胺,其他组分、用量和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例10
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,采用丙酮替换N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,其他组分、用量和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例11
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,采用丁酮肟替换亚硫酸氢钠,其他组分、用量和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例12
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,采用己内酰胺替换亚硫酸氢钠,其他组分、用量和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例13
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别仅在于制备方法不同,本实施例提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将己二酸聚酯多元醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和受阻酚类化合物进行混合均匀后,升温至60℃加入六亚甲基二异氰酸酯进行反应,得到聚氨酯预聚物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的聚氨酯预聚物和六甲醇基三聚氰胺在60℃下进行反应,得到NCO封端的预聚物;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的NCO封端的预聚物和亚硫酸氢钠在50℃下充分反应,得到所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂。
对比例1
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别在于,不添加六甲醇基三聚氰胺,其他组分、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例2
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别在于,采用己六醇替换六甲醇基三聚氰胺,其他组分、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例3
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别在于,采用三聚氰胺替换六甲醇基三聚氰胺,其他组分、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例4
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别在于,采用10重量份三聚氰胺和10重量份己六醇替换10重量份六甲醇基三聚氰胺,其他组分、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例5
一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其与实施例1的区别在于,采用聚醚多元醇替换己二酸聚酯多元醇,其他组分、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
应用例1
一种聚氨酯面层树脂,其制备方法包括将实施例1得到的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂与聚氨酯(华峰JF-S-8030D)按照质量比为3:100在常温下搅拌均匀,即得聚氨酯面层树脂。
应用例2~13
一种聚氨酯面层树脂,其与应用例1的区别仅在于,分别采用实施例2~13的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂替换实施例1的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其他组分、用量和制备方法均与应用例1相同。
对比应用例1~5
一种聚氨酯面层树脂,其与应用例1的区别仅在于,分别采用对比例1~4的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂替换实施例1的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其他组分、用量和制备方法均与应用例1相同。
性能测试:
(1)解封温度:将聚氨酯面层树脂与溶剂(包括质量比为1:1的DMF和MEK)按照100:80的质量比混合稀释之后,刮涂成厚度为20丝的薄膜,在60~140℃范围内,按照10℃/次的升温频率升高温度,记录固化的温度,即为解封温度;
(2)耐溶剂性:将聚氨酯面层树脂与溶剂(包括质量比为1:1的DMF和MEK)按照100:80的质量比混合稀释之后,在贝斯表面刮涂成厚度为15丝的薄膜,得到合成革,将所述合成革裁切成4×4cm的测试样品后泡入丁酮中3min,观察样品表面是否出现溶面,并计算面层树脂与贝斯的撕裂强度的下降率;如果撕裂强度下降率≤10%,则记为优,如果撕裂强度的下降率>10%且≤60%,则记为良,如果撕裂强度的下降率>60%,则记为差;
(3)自修复性:将聚氨酯面层树脂与溶剂(包括质量比为1:1的DMF和MEK)按照100:80的质量比混合稀释之后,在贝斯表面刮涂成厚度为15丝的薄膜,制成合成革,用小刀在革样表面轻划面层,不破坏贝斯层,将革样铺平使划开的截面互相接触,置于烘箱中4h后观察截面的修复情况,计算截面修复前后的拉伸强度下降率,如果拉伸强度的下降率≤20%,则记为优;如果拉伸强度的下降率>20%且≤40%,则记为良;如果拉伸强度的下降率>40%,则记为差;
(4)手感:将氨酯面层树脂与溶剂(包括质量比为1:1的DMF和MEK)按照100:80的质量比混合稀释之后,在贝斯表面刮涂成厚度为15丝的薄膜,制成合成革样品;通过手触摸的方式判断样品的手感,如果手感柔软细腻、真皮感强,则记为优;如果手感柔软度一般、真皮感不明显,则记为良;如果手感僵硬、完全没有真皮感,则记为差。
按照上述测试方法对应用例1~13和对比应用例1~5提供的聚氨酯面层树脂进行测试,测试结果如表1所示:
表1
Figure BDA0003723081830000121
Figure BDA0003723081830000131
根据表1数据可以看出:
采用实施例1~13提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂制备得到的聚氨酯面层树脂均具有良好的耐溶剂性、自修复性和良好的手感;而采用对比例1~5提供的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂制备得到的聚氨酯面层树脂不能同时兼具良好的耐溶剂性、自修复性以及良好的手感。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂及其制备方法和应用,但本发明并不局限于上述实施例,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述实施例才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其特征在于,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂按照重量份包括如下组分:
Figure FDA0003723081820000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其特征在于,所述聚酯多元醇的分子量为1000~3000;
优选地,所述聚酯多元醇包括聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇或己二酸系聚酯多元醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为己二酸系聚酯多元醇;
优选地,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂中还包括聚醚多元醇。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其特征在于,所述二异氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,优选为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其特征在于,所述多羟基叔胺类化合物的官能度不低于3;
优选地,所述多羟基叔胺类化合物包括三乙醇胺、六甲醇基三聚氰胺、羟乙基六氢均三嗪或双(2-羟乙基)氨基(三羟甲基)甲烷中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为六甲醇基三聚氰胺、羟乙基六氢均三嗪或双(2-羟乙基)氨基(三羟甲基)甲烷中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其特征在于,所述非质子极性溶剂包括N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、丙酮、丁酮或甲苯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,优选为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其特征在于,所述封闭剂包括丁酮肟、苯酚、己内酰胺、N-甲基苯胺、乙酰丙酮、亚硫酸氢钠或乙基硫醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,优选为亚硫酸氢钠。
7.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂,其特征在于,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂还包括氧化剂;
优选地,所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂中抗氧剂的含量为0.05~0.2重量份;
优选地,所述抗氧剂包括盐基性铅盐类化合物、金属皂类化合物、芳香胺类化合物、受阻酚类化合物或亚磷酸酯类化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为受阻酚类化合物。
8.一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚酯多元醇、多羟基叔胺类化合物、非质子极性溶剂、任选地聚醚多元醇和任选地抗氧剂进行混合,加入二异氰酸酯进行反应,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的异氰酸酯封端的预聚物和封闭剂进行反应,得到所述封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述反应的温度为55~85℃;
优选地,步骤(2)所述反应的温度为45~65℃。
10.一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述的封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂在合成革中的应用;
优选地,所述应用包括作为合成革面层固化剂或合成革粘接层固化剂。
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