CN114917058A - 一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片及其制备、应用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片,属于眼科治疗材料领域,所述植片包括支架,以及与所述支架凹面贴合的角膜缘上皮干细胞,以及贴合在所述角膜缘上皮干细胞上的羊膜,以及贴合在所述羊膜上的角膜缘微环境细胞。本发明可使患者无需手术,仅通过简单的类似佩戴隐形接触镜的方式,将植片放置于角膜上即可实现角膜缘上皮及其微环境的移植重建,从而治疗角膜缘干细胞缺乏,促进缺损的角膜上皮愈合,减少角膜组织的瘢痕形成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗用品领域,具体涉及眼科治疗材料,尤其涉及一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片。
背景技术
角膜上皮位于角膜最前端,是一类分层的、非角化的鳞状上皮组织,具有4-6层细胞,约占整个角膜厚度的10%,是角膜抵御外界损伤的重要防线,也对维持角膜的透明起到至关重要的作用,角膜上皮受损后,可能会造成各种角膜疾病,甚至导致失明。
角膜缘干细胞缺乏症是致盲性疾病,并发症有角膜上皮缺损甚至穿孔,角膜缘干细胞缺乏的病因多样,是多种眼表疾病的终末结局,患者可因角膜上皮迁延不愈、持续的炎症反应和组织破坏导致角膜穿孔、视力下降甚至视力丧失,严重影响患者的生活质量。
角膜缘干细胞移植是治疗角膜缘干细胞最为有效的治疗手段,但受限于传统思想,捐献角膜的数量十分有限,远远不能满足临床需求,导致患者等待时间长、延误治疗。
为解决此问题,组织工程角膜上皮是一个有效的方案,现已有多种组织工程技术构建角膜上皮,但目前还存在许多不足:首先,只单纯移植角膜缘上皮干细胞,未对角膜缘上皮干细胞生存的微环境进行重建,移植后的干细胞难以在患者的眼表持续增殖更新,容易导致移植失败;其次,移植方式操作复杂、耗时长,对手术设备的要求较高,需在设备齐全的医院才能够进行移植手术;最后,既往组织工程角膜上皮在移植过程中需要缝合,不可避免地对眼部组织造成损伤。
发明内容
鉴于目前角膜缘干细胞移植手段的匮乏,以及现有移植方式治疗效果有限、创伤较大、操作复杂,本发明提供一种使用方便、可多次治疗的新型组织工程角膜上皮植片,同时提供其制备方法。
本发明的目的采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片,包括支架,以及与所述支架凹面贴合的角膜缘上皮干细胞,以及贴合在所述角膜缘上皮干细胞上的羊膜,以及贴合在所述羊膜上的角膜缘微环境细胞。
优选的,所述支架为生物支架或合成支架。
优选的,所述支架为角膜接触镜。
优选的,所述支架的直径为14.0-14.5mm,凹面曲率半径为8.4-8.8mm。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种前述的组织工程角膜上皮植片的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、从捐献眼或患者对侧健眼获得一定大小的角膜缘组织,通过消化法将角膜缘组织的上皮层与基质层分开,并进一步消化分离分别得到角膜缘上皮干细胞和角膜缘微环境细胞;
S2、将所述角膜缘上皮干细胞培养于所述支架的凹面,待所述角膜缘上皮干细胞增殖至铺满支架凹面,制备得到组织工程角膜上皮;
S3、将所述角膜缘微环境细胞培养于所述羊膜表面,待所述角膜缘微环境细胞增殖至能够铺满所述羊膜全部表面,得到组织工程角膜缘微环境;
S4、将所述组织工程角膜缘微环境的羊膜面贴附在所述组织工程角膜上皮的凹面,获得所述组织工程角膜上皮植片。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种前述的组织工程角膜上皮植片的使用方法,所述使用方法包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗双手;
(2)取出保存于干细胞培养基中的组织工程角膜上皮植片,凹面向上置于右手食指上;
(3)患者双眼固视前方,然后分别拉开上下睑,将所述组织工程角膜上皮植片轻放于患眼角膜表面;
(4)放置稳妥后松开上下睑,眨眼数次,使植片贴附于角膜上;
(5)2-3周后取出植片,取出时先朝外上方牵拉双睑,此时睑裂变狭窄,上下睑缘轻压植片的边缘部,通过眨眼动作将植片挤出。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明利用组织工程技术开发了一种新型的眼科治疗材料,针对角膜上皮缺损、角膜缘干细胞缺乏等疾病,对传统的角膜缘干细胞移植手术有较大的改进和创新,提出一种由组织工程角膜上皮和组织工程微环境组成的植片,使患者无需手术,仅通过简单的类似佩戴隐形接触镜的方式,将植片放置于角膜上即可实现角膜缘上皮及其微环境的移植重建,从而治疗角膜缘干细胞缺乏,促进缺损的角膜上皮愈合,减少角膜组织的瘢痕形成。
(2)本发明利用组织工程技术在给患者提供角膜缘上皮干细胞的同时,移植微环境细胞,为角膜上皮缺损、角膜缘干细胞缺乏患者提供机械性保护,分泌一系列促进上皮修复的生长因子、抑制瘢痕形成的抗炎因子等,从而快速促进患者角膜上皮的修复、最大程度地保持角膜透明性和良好视力。
(3)本发明对角膜缘上皮干细胞和角膜微环境细胞进行体外扩增,只需要少量角膜缘组织即可获得大量的角膜缘上皮干细胞及微环境细胞。
(4)本发明所述植片使用方便,可以很容易地放入和取出,在普通的治疗室或诊室即可完成植片的摘戴,极大地降低了手术次数和手术带来的不可避免的医疗损伤,减轻了医院的诊疗负担和患者的时间成本。
附图说明
利用附图对本发明作进一步说明,但附图中的实施例不构成对本发明的任何限制,对于本领域的普通技术人员,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据以下附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本发明所述植片的结构示意图;
图2是实施例所述组织工程角膜上皮的结构示意图;
图3是实施例所述组织工程微环境的结构示意图;
图4是本发明所述植片的治疗应用示意图。
附图标记:1-支架;2-角膜缘上皮干细胞;3-羊膜;4-角膜缘微环境细胞。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
本发明的实施例涉及一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片,参见附图1-3,所述组织工程角膜上皮植片由组织工程角膜上皮和组织工程微环境两部分组成,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、从捐献眼或患者对侧健眼获得约60°大小的角膜缘组织,通过消化法将角膜缘组织的上皮层与基质层分开,并进一步消化分离分别得到角膜缘上皮干细胞和角膜缘微环境细胞;
S2、将所述角膜缘上皮干细胞培养于直径为14.0-14.5mm,曲率半径为8.4-8.8mm的支架凹面,待所述角膜缘上皮干细胞增殖至铺满支架凹面,制备得到组织工程角膜上皮;
支架为移植的细胞提供了机械性保护,使其移植后能够有相对适宜的环境进行增殖和分化,提高移植成功率,所述支架可以为角膜接触镜,还可以是生物支架或其它的合成支架;
S3、将所述角膜缘微环境细胞培养于与支架大小匹配的人羊膜表面,待所述角膜缘微环境细胞增殖至铺满所述羊膜制备得到组织工程角膜缘微环境;
还可对培养的角膜缘上皮干细胞及微环境细胞进行储存,如若一次移植治疗效果有限,可继续进行体外扩增,多次进行角膜上皮及微环境的移植;
S4、将所述组织工程微环境的羊膜面贴附在所述组织工程角膜上皮的凹面,制得所述组织工程角膜上皮植片。
本实施例所述组织工程角膜上皮植片使用方便,可以很容易地放入和取出,患者自身即可完成,使用步骤包括:
(1)患者操作前彻底清洗双手;
(2)取出保存于干细胞培养基中的组织工程角膜上皮植片,将其凹面向上置于右手食指上;
(3)双眼固视前方,用左手食指拉开上睑,右手中指拉开下睑,用右手食指轻托植片,将其轻轻放到角膜表面;
(4)待植片在角膜上放置稳妥后,放开拉开眼睑的手指,眨眼数次,使植片良好贴附于角膜上;
(5)植片放置时间为2-3周,治疗期间羊膜组织逐渐溶解吸收,微环境细胞和角膜缘上皮干细胞贴附于角膜表面生长;
(6)取镜时患者将同侧手的食指或中指,垂直放在外眦部,朝外上方牵拉双睑,此时睑裂变狭窄,上下睑缘轻压镜片的边缘部,通过眨眼将植片挤出;
(7)可根据角膜的愈合情况决定是否需要继续佩戴新的组织工程角膜上皮植片。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片,其特征在于,包括支架,以及与所述支架凹面贴合的角膜缘上皮干细胞,以及贴合在所述角膜缘上皮干细胞上的羊膜,以及贴合在所述羊膜上的角膜缘微环境细胞。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片,其特征在于,所述支架为生物支架或合成支架。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片,其特征在于,所述支架为角膜接触镜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片,其特征在于,所述支架的直径为14.0-14.5mm,凹面曲率半径为8.4-8.8mm。
5.根据权利要求1-4之一所述的一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、从捐献眼或患者对侧健眼获得一定大小的角膜缘组织,通过消化法将角膜缘组织的上皮层与基质层分开,并进一步消化分离分别得到角膜缘上皮干细胞和角膜缘微环境细胞;
S2、将所述角膜缘上皮干细胞培养于所述支架的凹面,待所述角膜缘上皮干细胞增殖至铺满支架凹面,制备得到组织工程角膜上皮;
S3、将所述角膜缘微环境细胞培养于所述羊膜表面,待所述角膜缘微环境细胞增殖至能够铺满所述羊膜全部表面,得到组织工程角膜缘微环境;
S4、将所述组织工程角膜缘微环境的羊膜面贴附在所述组织工程角膜上皮的凹面,获得所述组织工程角膜上皮植片。
6.根据权利要求1-4之一所述的一种便于使用的组织工程角膜上皮植片的使用方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗双手;
(2)取出保存于干细胞培养基中的组织工程角膜上皮植片,凹面向上置于右手食指上;
(3)患者双眼固视前方,然后分别拉开上下睑,将所述组织工程角膜上皮植片轻放于患眼角膜表面;
(4)放置稳妥后松开上下睑,眨眼数次,使植片贴附于角膜上;
(5)2-3周后取出植片,取出时先朝外上方牵拉双睑,此时睑裂变狭窄,上下睑缘轻压植片的边缘部,通过眨眼动作将植片挤出。
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