CN114907746A - 铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料及其静电喷涂工艺 - Google Patents

铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料及其静电喷涂工艺 Download PDF

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CN114907746A
CN114907746A CN202210635238.6A CN202210635238A CN114907746A CN 114907746 A CN114907746 A CN 114907746A CN 202210635238 A CN202210635238 A CN 202210635238A CN 114907746 A CN114907746 A CN 114907746A
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time
parts
aluminum material
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洪志顺
方江
吴丽霞
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Meitu Fujian Aluminum Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料及其静电喷涂工艺，属于铝型材技术领域。本发明的浅材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料，包括颜料和组分A，其中，组分A包括如下组分：环氧树脂，丙烯酸树脂，异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯，增强剂，硅烷偶联剂，氧化钇，固化剂。制得的铝材强度大，具有优异的抗拉强度、延伸强度、断后伸长率，及优异的沸水附着性、耐冲击性、耐磨性、耐盐雾腐蚀性，可以在不同环境下使用，具有优异的耐候性。

Description

铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料及其静电喷涂工艺
技术领域
本发明属于铝型材技术领域，具体涉及一种铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料及其静电喷涂工艺。
背景技术
铝材作为常用的建筑材料，被广泛应用，铝材纯度高。铝材的机械强度高，但耐蚀性低。纯铝的耐蚀性虽好，但机械强度差，这在一定程度上制约了铝的应用，为此，人们在铝中加入适量的镁、铜、锌等其他金属，制成各种类型的，使铝的机械强度大大提高，应用范围大大扩大，但耐蚀性比纯铝差，因而就有可能因氧化而受腐蚀。这就需要进行粉末涂装对铝合金型材加以保护。
随着铝材的应用领域越来越多，使用者对铝材的性能要求也越来越高。尤其现在气候多变的自然环境下，需要克服金属材质容易老化的问题。因此，申请人研发一种耐候性能强度铝材粉末涂料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料及其静电喷涂工艺。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料，包括颜料和组分A，其中，组分A包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：环氧树脂300～400份，丙烯酸树脂50～80份，异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯42～60份，增强剂15～20份，硅烷偶联剂14～21份，氧化钇10～13份，固化剂13～18份。
进一步的，所述增强剂为钛白粉或沉淀钡中的一种。
进一步的，所述固化剂包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：2～乙基～4～甲基咪唑20～24份，三乙醇胺15～21份，腰果酚10～14份。
利用所述的耐候粉末涂料对铝材表面进行静电喷涂的工艺，包括前处理和喷涂，其中：
所述前处理包括如下步骤：上架、一次水洗、脱脂、二次水洗、碱洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、酸洗、五次水洗、六次水洗、一次纯水洗、二次纯水洗、铬化、淋干、烘干和下架；
所述喷涂包括如下步骤：上架、表面清渣、静电喷涂、固化、下架、检验和包装。
进一步的，所述一次水洗、所述二次水洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、五次水洗和六次水洗时，水的pH值均为5～7，常温水，洗1～2min；
所述一次纯水洗时，电导率在30～50us/cm，pH值为5～6，常温洗；所述二次纯水洗时，电导率在10～30us/cm，常温洗30～60s。
进一步的，所述酸洗过程中，酸洗槽的游离酸控制在12～30g/L，常温酸洗，酸洗时间为5～10min。
进一步的，所述脱脂过程中，温度为常温，游离酸控制在12～25g/L，铝离子控制在30～35g/L，脱脂时间8～12分钟，蚀克量控制在0.8～1.5g/m2。
进一步的，所述碱洗时，碱洗槽内的碱度控制在10～25g/L，碱洗槽内铝离子控制在30～35g/L，常温碱洗，碱洗时间为5～15min。
进一步的，所述铬化过程中，铬化温度为常温，铬化槽的电导率控制在500～1500us/cm，pH值为3.0～3.8，铬化时间为40～60s。
进一步的，所述淋干时间为1～2min，所述烘干时，采用烘干炉的热风烘干，温度为65～95℃，烘干时间为20～30分钟；所述静电喷涂时，静电电压50～70KV，电流10～60uA，粉压为0～100bar，气压为0.6～0.8MPa。
并且，喷涂完之后，需要进行固化，固化时，铝材在固化炉内的转速为26～32r/min，固化温度为190～210℃。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
第一、采用环保型树脂作为主要原料，利用异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯提高铝材的耐热、耐候性、耐光、耐腐蚀性。同时，利用腰果酚、三乙醇胺和2～乙基～4～甲基咪唑的混合形成独特的固化剂，进一步提高涂料的强度及耐候性，提高附着力、涂层干燥时间、冲击性、弯曲性较好；
第二、不仅如此，为了防止粉末涂料的老化，配合氧化钇、硅烷偶联剂的加入，提高涂料的抗老化性能，延长使用寿命。
具体实施方式
本发明所使用的原料均为市售品，其中：
酸洗时，采用德国品牌凯密特尔(Chemetall)型号为Gardacid 109的试剂。
实施例1
铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料，其特征在于，包括颜料和组分A，颜料的选择由客户需求而定，或者根据设计时的颜色而定色彩及用量。
其中，组分A包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：环氧树脂300份，丙烯酸树脂50份，异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯42份，增强剂15份，硅烷偶联剂14份，氧化钇10份，固化剂13份。
增强剂为钛白粉的一种。
固化剂包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：2～乙基～4～甲基咪唑20份，三乙醇胺15份，腰果酚10份。
利用耐候粉末涂料对铝材表面进行静电喷涂的工艺，包括前处理和喷涂，其中：
前处理包括如下步骤：上架、一次水洗、脱脂、二次水洗、碱洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、酸洗、五次水洗、六次水洗、一次纯水洗、二次纯水洗、铬化、淋干、烘干和下架；
喷涂包括如下步骤：上架、表面清渣、静电喷涂、固化、下架、检验和包装。
具体操作如下：
所述一次水洗、所述二次水洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、五次水洗和六次水洗时，水的pH值均为5，常温水，洗1min；
所述一次纯水洗时，电导率在30us/cm，pH值为5，常温洗；所述二次纯水洗时，电导率在10us/cm，常温洗30s。
酸洗过程中，酸洗槽的游离酸控制在12g/L，常温酸洗，酸洗时间为5min。
脱脂过程中，温度为常温，游离酸控制在12g/L，铝离子控制在30g/L，脱脂时间8分钟，蚀克量控制在0.8g/m2。
碱洗时，碱洗槽内的碱度控制在10g/L，碱洗槽内铝离子控制在30g/L，常温碱洗，碱洗时间为5min。
铬化过程中，铬化温度为常温，铬化槽的电导率控制在500us/cm，pH值为3.0，铬化时间为40s。铝材过槽时，要尽量倾斜，倾斜度一般为5°角，并吊起控水1分钟，保证铬化膜量在20mg/m2，铝离子200mg/㎡，膜重20mg/㎡
淋干时间为1min。烘干时，采用烘干炉的热风烘干，温度为65℃，烘干时间为20分钟。
静电喷涂时，静电电压50KV，电流10uA，粉压为0～100bar，气压为0.6～0.8MPa。
并且，喷涂完之后，需要进行固化，固化时，铝材在固化炉内的转速为26r/min，固化温度为190℃。
实施例2
铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料，其特征在于，包括颜料和组分A，颜料的选择由客户需求而定，或者根据设计时的颜色而定色彩及用量。
其中，组分A包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：环氧树脂400份，丙烯酸树脂80份，异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯60份，增强剂20份，硅烷偶联剂21份，氧化钇13份，固化剂18份。
增强剂为沉淀钡。
固化剂包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：2～乙基～4～甲基咪唑24份，三乙醇胺21份，腰果酚14份。
利用耐候粉末涂料对铝材表面进行静电喷涂的工艺，包括前处理和喷涂，其中：
前处理包括如下步骤：上架、一次水洗、脱脂、二次水洗、碱洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、酸洗、五次水洗、六次水洗、一次纯水洗、二次纯水洗、铬化、淋干、烘干和下架；
喷涂包括如下步骤：上架、表面清渣、静电喷涂、固化、下架、检验和包装。
具体操作如下：
所述一次水洗、所述二次水洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、五次水洗和六次水洗时，水的pH值均为7，常温水，洗2min；
所述一次纯水洗时，电导率在50us/cm，pH值为6，常温洗；所述二次纯水洗时，电导率在30us/cm，常温洗60s。
酸洗过程中，酸洗槽的游离酸控制在30g/L，常温酸洗，酸洗时间为10min。
脱脂过程中，温度为常温，游离酸控制在25g/L，铝离子控制在35g/L，脱脂时间12分钟，蚀克量控制在1.5g/m2。
碱洗时，碱洗槽内的碱度控制在25g/L，碱洗槽内铝离子控制在35g/L，常温碱洗，碱洗时间为15min。
铬化过程中，铬化温度为常温，铬化槽的电导率控制在1500us/cm，pH值为3.8，铬化时间为60s。
铝材过槽时，要尽量倾斜，倾斜度一般为10°角，并吊起控水2分钟，保证铬化膜量在150mg/m2，铝离子200mg/㎡，膜重50mg/㎡。
淋干时间为2min。烘干时，采用烘干炉的热风烘干，温度为95℃，烘干时间为30分钟。
静电喷涂时，静电电压70KV，电流60uA，粉压为100bar，气压为0.6～0.8MPa。
并且，喷涂完之后，需要进行固化，固化时，铝材在固化炉内的转速为32r/min，固化温度为210℃。
实施例3
铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料，其特征在于，包括颜料和组分A，颜料的选择由客户需求而定，或者根据设计时的颜色而定色彩及用量。
其中，组分A包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：环氧树脂330份，丙烯酸树脂60份，异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯48份，增强剂16份，硅烷偶联剂15份，氧化钇11份，固化剂14份。
增强剂为钛白粉。
固化剂包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：2～乙基～4～甲基咪唑21份，三乙醇胺17份，腰果酚12份。
利用耐候粉末涂料对铝材表面进行静电喷涂的工艺，包括前处理和喷涂，其中：
前处理包括如下步骤：上架、一次水洗、脱脂、二次水洗、碱洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、酸洗、五次水洗、六次水洗、一次纯水洗、二次纯水洗、铬化、淋干、烘干和下架；
喷涂包括如下步骤：上架、表面清渣、静电喷涂、固化、下架、检验和包装。
具体操作如下：
所述一次水洗、所述二次水洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、五次水洗和六次水洗时，水的pH值均为6，常温水，洗1min；
所述一次纯水洗时，电导率在35us/cm，pH值为5，常温洗；所述二次纯水洗时，电导率在15us/cm，常温洗40s。
酸洗过程中，酸洗槽的游离酸控制在18g/L，常温酸洗，酸洗时间为7min。
脱脂过程中，温度为常温，游离酸控制在18g/L，铝离子控制在31g/L，脱脂时间9分钟，蚀克量控制在1.0g/m2。
碱洗时，碱洗槽内的碱度控制在15g/L，碱洗槽内铝离子控制在31g/L，常温碱洗，碱洗时间为8min。
铬化过程中，铬化温度为常温，铬化槽的电导率控制在800us/cm，pH值为3.3，铬化时间为45s。
铝材过槽时，要尽量倾斜，倾斜度一般为6°角，并吊起控水1分钟，保证铬化膜量在80mg/m2，铝离子200mg/㎡，膜重30mg/㎡。
淋干时间为1min。烘干时，采用烘干炉的热风烘干，温度为80℃，烘干时间为23分钟。
静电喷涂时，静电电压55KV，电流25uA，粉压为40bar，气压为0.7MPa。
并且，喷涂完之后，需要进行固化，固化时，铝材在固化炉内的转速为28r/min，固化温度为200℃。
实施例4
铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料，其特征在于，包括颜料和组分A，颜料的选择由客户需求而定，或者根据设计时的颜色而定色彩及用量。
其中，组分A包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：环氧树脂380份，丙烯酸树脂70份，异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯55份，增强剂18份，硅烷偶联剂18份，氧化钇12份，固化剂17份。
增强剂为钛白粉或沉淀钡中的一种。
固化剂包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：2～乙基～4～甲基咪唑23份，三乙醇胺19份，腰果酚13份。
利用耐候粉末涂料对铝材表面进行静电喷涂的工艺，包括前处理和喷涂，其中：
前处理包括如下步骤：上架、一次水洗、脱脂、二次水洗、碱洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、酸洗、五次水洗、六次水洗、一次纯水洗、二次纯水洗、铬化、淋干、烘干和下架；
喷涂包括如下步骤：上架、表面清渣、静电喷涂、固化、下架、检验和包装。
具体操作如下：
所述一次水洗、所述二次水洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、五次水洗和六次水洗时，水的pH值均为6，常温水，洗2min；
所述一次纯水洗时，电导率在45us/cm，pH值为6，常温洗；所述二次纯水洗时，电导率在25us/cm，常温洗50s。
酸洗过程中，酸洗槽的游离酸控制在25g/L，常温酸洗，酸洗时间为8min。
脱脂过程中，温度为常温，游离酸控制在20g/L，铝离子控制在34g/L，脱脂时间11分钟，蚀克量控制在1.3g/m2。
碱洗时，碱洗槽内的碱度控制在20g/L，碱洗槽内铝离子控制在34g/L，常温碱洗，碱洗时间为12min。
铬化过程中，铬化温度为常温，铬化槽的电导率控制在1300us/cm，pH值为3.6，铬化时间为55s。
铝材过槽时，要尽量倾斜，倾斜度一般为8°角，并吊起控水2分钟，保证铬化膜量在100mg/m2，铝离子200mg/㎡，膜重40mg/㎡。
淋干时间为2min。烘干时，采用烘干炉的热风烘干，温度为90℃，烘干时间为28分钟。
静电喷涂时，静电电压65KV，电流50uA，粉压为80bar，气压为0.7MPa。
并且，喷涂完之后，需要进行固化，固化时，铝材在固化炉内的转速为30r/min，固化温度为200℃。
将本发明实施例1～4所制得的铝材进行性能检测，其中：
Figure BDA0003681840400000091
Figure BDA0003681840400000101
Figure BDA0003681840400000111
Figure BDA0003681840400000121
从表1中可以看出，用本发明的制作方法制得的铝材强度大，具有优异的抗拉强度、延伸强度、断后伸长率，及优异的沸水附着性、耐冲击性、耐磨性、耐盐雾腐蚀性，可以在不同环境下使用，具有优异的耐候性。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料，其特征在于，包括颜料和组分A，其中，组分A包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：环氧树脂300~400份，丙烯酸树脂50~80份，异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯42~60份，增强剂15~20份，硅烷偶联剂14~21份，氧化钇10~13份，固化剂13~18份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料，其特征在于，所述增强剂为钛白粉或沉淀钡中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铝材表面喷涂用的耐候粉末涂料，其特征在于，所述固化剂包括按照质量份数计的如下组分：2~乙基~4~甲基咪唑20~24份，三乙醇胺15~21份，腰果酚10~14份。
4.利用权利要求1所述的耐候粉末涂料对铝材表面进行静电喷涂的工艺，其特征在于，包括前处理和喷涂，其中：
所述前处理包括如下步骤：上架、一次水洗、脱脂、二次水洗、碱洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、酸洗、五次水洗、六次水洗、一次纯水洗、二次纯水洗、铬化、淋干、烘干和下架；
所述喷涂包括如下步骤：上架、表面清渣、静电喷涂、固化、下架、检验和包装。
5.根据权利要求4所述的喷涂工艺铝材表面静电喷涂工艺，其特征在于，所述一次水洗、所述二次水洗、三次水洗、四次水洗、五次水洗和六次水洗时，水的pH值均为5~7，常温水，洗1~2min；
所述一次纯水洗时，电导率在30~50us/cm，pH值为5~6，常温洗；所述二次纯水洗时，电导率在10~30us/cm，常温洗30~60s。
6.根据权利要求4所述的喷涂工艺铝材表面静电喷涂工艺，其特征在于，所述酸洗过程中，酸洗槽的游离酸控制在12~30g/L，常温酸洗，酸洗时间为5~10min。
7.根据权利要求4所述的喷涂工艺铝材表面静电喷涂工艺，其特征在于，所述脱脂过程中，温度为常温，游离酸控制在12~25g/L，铝离子控制在30~35g/L，脱脂时间8~12分钟，蚀克量控制在0.8~1.5g/m2。
8.根据权利要求4所述的喷涂工艺铝材表面静电喷涂工艺，其特征在于，所述碱洗时，碱洗槽内的碱度控制在10~25 g/L，碱洗槽内铝离子控制在30~35g/L，常温碱洗，碱洗时间为5~15min。
9.根据权利要求4所述的喷涂工艺铝材表面静电喷涂工艺，其特征在于，所述铬化过程中，铬化温度为常温，铬化槽的电导率控制在500~1500 us/cm，pH值为3.0~3.8，铬化时间为40~60s。
10.根据权利要求4所述的喷涂工艺铝材表面静电喷涂工艺，其特征在于，所述淋干时间为1~2min，所述烘干时，采用烘干炉的热风烘干，温度为65~95℃，烘干时间为20~30分钟；所述静电喷涂时，静电电压50~70KV，电流10~60uA，粉压为0~100bar，气压为0.6~0.8MPa。
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