CN114907575B - 一种水溶性木质素及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水溶性木质素制备方法及其应用。该方法为利用青春双歧杆菌厌氧发酵植物纤维原料的预处理水解液,去除水解液中单糖和木质素‑碳水化合物复合物中的碳水化合物,分离纯化发酵液,获得水溶性木质素。该应用为水溶性木质素在制备用于改善溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用。本发明制备方法简单,操作容易,成本低,易于工业化。将获得的水溶性木质素用于溃疡性结肠炎模型中进行治疗试验,结果证实所制备的水溶性木质素可以改善溃疡性结肠炎中的炎症反应与氧化应激,药用效果显著,具有巨大的药物应用潜力和经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物活性物质技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种水溶性木质素制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
溃疡性结肠炎是炎症性肠病的一种,其主要侵入直肠、结肠,病理学主要以结直肠黏膜及黏膜下层的炎症和溃疡性病变为主。溃疡性结肠炎临床表现为急性发病,病情较重且伴随炎症反应与氧化应激,可引起严重的体重减轻、腹泻及便血等症状,不仅严重影响了患者正常的工作生活,而且增加了患者继发感染和罹患结肠癌的分险。近年来该病在发展中国家的发病率逐渐升高,由于其具体病因和发病机制不明,使得在临床上对溃疡性结肠炎的预防和治疗比较困难。临床常用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物有氨基水杨酸、类固醇激素,免疫抑制剂等,虽有一定的治疗效果,但其毒副反应较多,不可长期用药。因此寻找疾病靶点和可靠有效的治疗药物是目前研究的热点和难点。
木质素是含量最丰富的天然多酚,是木材水解和制浆工业的副产品。由于其具有许多其他天然聚合物所不具备的独特特性,如抗氧化、抗炎、良好的抗菌活性等,因此可以用于生物医学领域。然而工业木质素中提取的木质素组分十分复杂,提纯过程比较繁琐,提取工艺和预处理方法都会影响木质素的物理化学性能,结构不可调控,即使是来自同一种材料与制浆工艺,不同的抽提条件都会影响其性能,因此还不能满足使用需求。此外,传统工业的木质素,由于分子量大、结构不均一性和不溶于水等特性,需要进行一定的改性或者分离纯化,工艺繁琐。
水溶性木质素,作为一种可溶于水的小分子木质素,富含自由基清除的官能团,逐渐被应用于生物领域。但是,水溶性木质素中含有大量的碳水化合物以木质素-碳水化合物复合物结构存在,常规的超滤法、吸附法和沉淀法无法去除连接的碳水化物。因此需要通过一定的技术去除碳水化合物,提高水溶性木质素中木质素纯度。在生物医学领域,利用水溶性木质素开发生物医用材料是一种常用的途径,可以作为生物活性化合物来补充常用的生物材料。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种水溶性木质素的制备方法,通过降解水溶性木质素中碳水化合物,从而提高水溶性木质素中木质素含量,赋予其特殊功能。本发明还要解决一技术问题是提供所获得的水溶性木质素及其应用。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种水溶性木质素的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)将植物纤维原料水热预处理后,固液分离,得到预处理水解液;
2)预处理液通过青春双歧杆菌厌氧发酵,固液分离得到发酵液;
3)发酵液通过透析袋透析,收集截留液,旋转蒸发得固体,即为水溶性木质素。
所述的水溶性木质素的制备方法,所述的植物纤维原料选自竹子、麦草。
所述的水溶性木质素的制备方法,青春双歧杆菌厌氧发酵方法为:先在水解液中加入营养物质,再灭菌,然后接入青春双歧杆菌,在37℃厌氧培养箱中厌氧发酵,厌氧发酵结束后,通过离心法固液分离,得到发酵液。
所述的水溶性木质素的制备方法,透析袋的截留分子量为1000Da。
所述的水溶性木质素的制备方法所获得的水溶性木质素。
所述的水溶性木质素在制备用于改善或治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用。
所述的水溶性木质素在制备抗氧化药物中的应用。
水溶性木质素制备用于改善溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用,能缓解溃疡性结肠炎小鼠体重降低、便血、结肠缩短以及脾脏肿大的症状。
所述的水溶性木质素,是将禾本科植物竹子和麦草通过水热预处理后得到水解液,水解液通过青春双歧杆菌发酵法去除水解液中单糖和木质素-碳水化合物复合物中的碳水化合物,从而得到纯度高的水溶性木质素。
步骤1)具体为:取1kg竹子粉末(20-80目)和麦草粉末(20-80目)于15L蒸煮锅内,加入10L蒸馏水,在未加热条件下转动蒸煮锅,使物料和蒸馏水充分混匀。物料匀混好后,将蒸煮锅加入至170℃,保温1h。反应结束后,通过玻砂漏斗固液分离,得到预水解液。
步骤2)具体为:分别取50mL竹子和麦草预水解液加入到具塞螺纹试管中,加入酪蛋白胨、牛肉膏、酵母膏、葡萄糖、无水乙酸钠、柠檬酸氢二胺、吐温80、K2HPO4、MgSO4·H2O、MnSO4·H2O、L-半胱氨酸和硫代乙醇酸钠,最终这些营养物质在预水解液体系中浓度分别为10g/L、10g/L、5g/L、20g/L、5g/L、2g/L、1g/L、2g/L、0.2g/L、0.05g/L、1g/L和1g/L。当这些营养物质全部溶解后,将具塞螺纹试管于121℃灭菌30min备用。
步骤3)具体为:在灭菌好的含有营养盐竹子和麦草预水解液中分布加入1*106IU的青春双歧杆菌,然后在37℃厌氧培养箱中厌氧发酵72h。厌氧发酵结束后,通过离心法固液分离,得到发酵液。
步骤4)具体为:将发酵液装入分子量为1000Da的透析袋,在蒸馏水中透析72h,除去发酵液中发酵产物和营养盐。收集透析袋中的截留液,将液体旋转蒸发得到水溶性木质素固体。
有益效果:相比于现有技术,本发明的优势在于:
本发明提供的水溶性木质素纯度高、官能团含量高,具有一定的生物相容性和抗氧化性。体外实验表明该水溶性木质素对巨噬细胞没有毒性,而且能清除H2O2刺激的巨噬细胞内的活性氧,说明水溶性具有良好的相容性和和抗氧化性。体内实验表明本发明提供的水溶性木质素是能显著缓解DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的体重减轻,减轻结肠炎的组织形态损伤和改善结肠炎中的抗氧化功能。
附图说明
图1是竹子水溶性木质素(A)和麦草水溶性木质素(B)的2D HSQC核磁谱图;
图2是两种水溶性木质素处理24小时后细胞活性;
图3是ROS清除荧光图,绿色部位代表ROS;
图4是两种水溶性木质素干预后小鼠体重变化曲线;
图5是各组小鼠的结肠长度与脾脏大小变化示意图,以及疾病活动指数(DAI),**P<0∶01,***P<0∶001;
图6是各组小鼠结肠组织中SOD、GSH-Px、MDA和MPO水平。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合具体实例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均为自常规生化试剂商店购买得到的。
实施例1
水溶性木质素的制备:取1kg竹子粉末(20-80目)或麦草粉末(20-80目)于15L蒸煮锅内,加入10L蒸馏水,在未加热条件下转动蒸煮锅,使物料和蒸馏水充分混匀。物料匀混好后,将蒸煮锅加入至170℃,保温1h。反应结束后,通过玻砂漏斗固液分离,得到预水解液。
分别取50mL竹子或麦草预水解液加入到具塞螺纹试管中,加入酪蛋白胨、牛肉膏、酵母膏、葡萄糖、无水乙酸钠、柠檬酸氢二胺、吐温80、K2HPO4、MgSO4·H2O、MnSO4·H2O、L-半胱氨酸和硫代乙醇酸钠,最终这些营养物质在预水解液体系中浓度分别为10g/L、10g/L、5g/L、20g/L、5g/L、2g/L、1g/L、2g/L、0.2g/L、0.05g/L、1g/L和1g/L。当这些营养物质全部溶解后,将具塞螺纹试管于121℃灭菌30min备用。
在灭菌好的含有营养盐、竹子或麦草预水解液中分布加入OD600=0.5的青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis),然后在37℃厌氧培养箱中厌氧发酵72h。厌氧发酵结束后,通过离心法固液分离,得到发酵液。
将发酵液装入分子量为1000Da的透析袋,在蒸馏水中透析72h,除去发酵液中发酵产物和营养盐。收集透析袋中的截留液,将液体旋转蒸发得到水溶性木质素固体,分别为竹子水溶性木质素(WSL-BM)和麦草水溶性木质素(WSL-WS)。
采用核磁共振波谱法(NMR)(方法参见论文:稀酸预处理对毛竹竹黄木质素结构的影响,黄曹兴等,稀硫酸预处理对毛竹竹黄木质素结构的影响[J].林业工程学报,2016,1(01):55-60.DOI:10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2016.01.011.)、凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)(方法同上论文)和成分分析法(方法参见美国能源部可再生能源实验室关于生物质成分分析方法,文件号:NREL/TP-510-42618),分别对水溶性木质素的羟基含量、分子量和木质素含量进行测定,结果如下表:
表1竹子和麦草的水溶性木质素官能团含量、分子量和木质素含量
从表1可以看出,经过青春双歧杆菌厌氧发酵法去除水溶性木质素中的碳水化合物后,得到竹子和麦草水溶性木质素的纯度高达85%以上,分别为87.7%和86.9%。通过GCP分析得出,竹子水溶性木质素的重均分子量(1150g/mol)及数均分子量(920g/m0l),与麦草水溶性木质素的重均分子量(1090g/mol)及数均分子量(860g/mol)相当。两个木质素的多分散性(PDI)均为1.3,说明经过1000Da透析袋透析能得到分子量比较均一的水溶性木质素。采用磷谱定量可以得到竹子水溶性木质素的酚羟基含量(5.4mmol/g)略高于麦草水溶性木质素(4.8mmol/g),而竹子水溶性木质素的醇羟基含量(1.2mmol/g)略低于麦草水溶性木质素(1.7mmol/g)。两个木质素酚羟基含量均高于4mmol/g,说明竹子和麦草水溶性木质素是一种富含活性官能团的木质素。
采用2D HSQC NMR技术对竹子和麦草水溶性木质素中各个连接键的信号进行归属,其图谱如图1所示。在2D-HSQC NMR谱图的侧链区域中(δC/δH 90-50/6.0-2.5)均显示出β-O-4芳基醚键结构(A)、树脂醇β-β结构(B)、苯基香豆满β-5结构(C)。在谱图的芳环区域(δC/δH 150-90/9-4.5)中,可以清楚看到愈创木基(G)、紫丁香基(S)和对羟基苯基(H)结构单元信号。从这些结构信号可知,经过青春双歧杆菌厌氧发酵法去除水溶性木质素中的碳水化合物后,木质素的基本结构和连接键没有发生变化。
实施例2水溶性木质素的细胞毒性及抗氧化性能测定
采用RAW 264.7巨噬细胞评价竹子和麦草水溶性木质素的毒性。将细胞与不同浓度(0、25、50、100和400μg/mL)的水溶性木质素共培养24h,利用CCK-8法测定细胞存活率来评价水溶性木质素毒性,结果如图2所示。
从图2中可知,两种水溶性木质素浓度在50μg/mL以下表现出良好的生物相容性,细胞存活率超过100%。但是,浓度超过50μg/mL之后巨噬细胞的活力开始下降,低于100%。这些结果说明,当竹子和麦草水溶性木质素低于50μg/mL时表现出良好的生物相容性。
体内抗氧化性能利用通过对细胞荧光信号的检测了解细胞内活性氧的水平,主要方法为:首先在12孔板中铺细胞爬片(105个细胞/孔),当细胞长至70%时,加入无血清无双抗的培养液稀释ROS荧光探针与水溶性木质素,在37℃孵育30min;随后加入H2O2(100μmol/L)处理30min后,PBS清洗3次,随后荧光显微镜下镜检。其荧光强度间接代表细胞内ROS的水平。
检测结果如图3所示,显示细胞受H2O2刺激后,产生高浓度的活性氧,而活性氧的产生被水溶性木质素所抑制。H2O2刺激的对照组表现出比空白组更强的荧光,表明对照组细胞内产生更多的活性氧;而加入两种木质素的治疗组荧光强度明显低于对照组及空白组,表明治疗组明显降低了细胞内活性氧的产生(图3)。以上表明水溶性木质素具有很强的抗氧化作用。
实施例3水溶性木质素对溃疡性结肠炎宏观表现的改善
(1)溃疡性结肠炎小鼠建模及给药后各组体重变化
选用28只C57BL/6小鼠进行实验,分为4组,分别是正常对照组、肠炎组、WSL-BM治疗组和WSL-WS治疗组。小鼠连续7天饮用3%的葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)水溶液进行溃疡性结肠炎造模,同时连续14天给予200μg/mL的水溶性木质素来进行治疗,同时每天记录所有小鼠的体重及便血情况。
从图4结果可以看出,结肠炎小鼠从第四天开始出现体重减轻,然而两种水溶性木质素的干预治疗均显著缓解DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的体重减轻现象,其中WSL-BM的治疗效果更好,这是因为WSL-BM比WSL-WS具有更高的清除活性氧的抗氧化能力。
(2)测定小鼠结肠长度、脾脏大小及疾病活动指数(DAI)
14天后,处理小鼠,测量所有小鼠盲肠至肛门处的长度,同时取出脾脏对比。疾病活动指数是对于小鼠的体重下降百分率、粪便黏稠度和便血这三项进行的综合评分,将这3项结果的总分除以3即得到DAI值。结果如图5所示,与正常对照组小鼠相比,结肠炎小鼠的结肠长度明显缩短,从9.1厘米减少到4.6厘米。然而,两种木质素显著逆转了结肠炎小鼠的结肠缩短。此外,木质素有效地改善了结肠炎的其他宏观症状包括腹泻、大便出血、行动迟缓以及精神萎靡等。因此水溶性木质素有效的降低了疾病活动指数。另外,DSS诱导的结肠炎导致脾脏增大并伴有炎症变化。木质素能够有效抑制脾脏肿大现象。总的来说,来自禾本科的两种水溶性木质素都可以在减轻结肠炎的形态损伤。
实施例4水溶性木质素在溃疡性结肠炎中抗炎与抗氧化作用的检测
采用南京翼飞雪生物科技有限公司的试剂盒测定溃疡性结肠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO),方法按照试剂盒使用说明进行,结果如图6所示。
SOD和GSH-Px是机体内重要的抗氧化物质,能够保护细胞和生物体免受细胞毒性活性氧和活性氮的侵害。MPO是嗜中性白细胞或单核细胞/巨噬细胞浸润的生物标记,MDA则是体内的氧化产物,自由基的增加导致MDA的过度产生。从结果可以看到,与正常对照组小鼠相比,结肠炎小鼠的结肠组织SOD和GSH-Px活性受到抑制。相反,DSS诱导的结肠炎引起MDA和MPO显著激活。两种木质素的干预均能够显著改善结肠炎中的抗氧化功能,从而发挥治疗作用。
Claims (4)
1.一种水溶性木质素的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
1)取1 kg 20-80目的竹子粉末或麦草粉末于15 L蒸煮锅内,加入10 L蒸馏水,在未加热条件下转动蒸煮锅,使物料和蒸馏水充分混匀;物料匀混好后,将蒸煮锅加入至170℃,保温1 h;反应结束后,通过玻砂漏斗固液分离,得到预水解液;
2)分别取50 mL竹子或麦草预水解液加入到具塞螺纹试管中,加入酪蛋白胨、牛肉膏、酵母膏、葡萄糖、无水乙酸钠、柠檬酸氢二胺、吐温80、K2HPO4、MgSO4·H2O、MnSO4·H2O、L-半胱氨酸和硫代乙醇酸钠,最终这些营养物质在预水解液体系中浓度分别为10 g/L、10 g/L、5g/L、20 g/L、5 g/L、2 g/L、1 g/L、2 g/L、0.2 g/L、0.05 g/L、1 g/L和1 g/L;当这些营养物质全部溶解后,将具塞螺纹试管于121℃灭菌30 min备用;
3)在灭菌好的含有营养盐、竹子或麦草预水解液中分别加入OD600=0.5的青春双歧杆菌,然后在37℃厌氧培养箱中厌氧发酵72 h;厌氧发酵结束后,通过离心法固液分离,得到发酵液;
4)将发酵液装入分子量为1000 Da的透析袋,在蒸馏水中透析72 h,除去发酵液中发酵产物和营养盐;收集透析袋中的截留液,将液体旋转蒸发得到水溶性木质素固体。
2.权利要求1所述的水溶性木质素的制备方法所获得的水溶性木质素。
3.权利要求2所述的水溶性木质素在制备用于改善或治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用。
4.权利要求2所述的水溶性木质素在制备抗氧化药物中的应用。
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