CN114904531B - 用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- phthalocyanine
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005839 oxidative dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 phthalocyanine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910003208 (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical group CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018957 MClx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Co+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- MIINHRNQLVVCEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 132-16-1 Chemical compound [Fe+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 MIINHRNQLVVCEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- IUJLOAKJZQBENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SNC(C)(C)C)=NC2=C1 IUJLOAKJZQBENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)=O.CC(C)=O YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfenamide Chemical compound [Cl-].COC1=C(C)C=[N+]2C3=NC4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N3SCC2=C1C QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000731 high angular annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000024 high-resolution transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010413 mother solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005691 oxidative coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007243 oxidative cyclization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/882—Molybdenum and cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/34—Manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/885—Molybdenum and copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
- C07D277/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D277/62—Benzothiazoles
- C07D277/68—Benzothiazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
- C07D277/70—Sulfur atoms
- C07D277/72—2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明为用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法和应用。该催化剂包括载体、活性组分和酞箐配体;其中,碳纳米管为载体,酞箐分子为配体,所述的活性组分为Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn中的一种或多种;活性组分和酞箐分子配体形成金属酞箐化合物锚定在碳纳米管载体上;该催化剂制备方法是采用酞箐金属原位合成法,在碳纳米管表面原位合成酞箐金属分子,形成碳纳米管负载的非贵金属单原子催化剂,即负载型的酞箐金属催化剂。本发明具有更高的负载量和金属分散度,而且所用前驱物基本不具备毒性,制备过程简便易行,节约能源,绿色环保,适用于大规模工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于含硫有机化合物与有机胺催化氧化脱氢偶联的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
含硫有机化合物是一种非常重要的有机化合物,广泛用于精细化学品、材料化学、生物和医药等领域,近年来已经受到了研究者的广泛关注。绝大多数含硫有机化合物的合成涉及到S-X(X=S、O、N、C、P)化学键的构建,例如合成次磺酰胺类化合物需进行硫醇与胺的氧化脱氢偶联构建S-N键。然而,目前在构建此类S-N化学键的过程中,普遍采用含氯的氧化剂,如次氯酸钠等。这种合成方法不仅步骤繁琐,产生大量含盐废水,对设备防腐要求高且对环境造成危害,并且苛刻的反应条件对底物的选择性具有一定的限制作用,使有机含硫化合物原料利用率低、副产物多。因此,亟须开发一种操作简便,绿色环保,经济高效的催化氧化脱氢偶联构建S-N键化合物的新工艺。
目前,用于构建S-N键的催化氧化新工艺采用的催化剂大致分为以下两种:(1)均相催化剂,包括可溶性金属盐和金属配合物等,如专利CN106866577A和CN108586384A介绍了Mn2SO4、Mn(NO3)2、Mn(OAc)2等可溶性金属盐催化剂,在硫醇与胺的摩尔比为1:20-25,温度为60-80℃,氧气压力为0.6-0.8MPa金属盐投入量为硫醇质量8%-10%的条件下,反应2-3小时,经纯化后目标产物的收率可达95%;又如专利CN109096221B和CN113200937A相继报道了具有不同取代基的过渡金属酞菁化合物在含水体系中催化分子间氧化偶联或分子内氧化环合构建S-N键。上述均相催化剂虽具有高效的催化活性和优良的目标产物选择性,但均相催化剂存在易流失等问题,残留的催化剂会影响到产品的纯度、色度等性质;而且,金属酞箐化合物的流失也增加了产品的成本。(2)非均相催化剂,受均相催化剂优良的催化剂性能以及金属配合物化学结构的启发,专利CN112427049A报道了由螯合了不同金属离子后的螯合树脂或经离子交换后的离子交换树脂催化分子氧氧化硫醇与胺的偶联。此法制备出的催化剂经多次循环套用后催化性能几乎没有下降,具备良好的稳定性。上述非均相催化剂虽然克服了均相催化剂的部分劣势,但是其催化活性远低于均相催化剂,仍然未达到工业催化剂的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的为针对当前技术存在的不足,提供一种可用于有机含硫化合物氧化脱氢偶联构建S-N键化合物的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂的制备方法。该催化剂制备方法是采用酞箐金属原位合成法,在碳纳米管表面原位合成酞箐金属分子,形成碳纳米管负载的非贵金属单原子催化剂,即负载型的酞箐金属催化剂。相对于传统方法-磺化酞箐金属前驱体直接浸渍载体获得负载型催化剂的方法,本发明具有更高的负载量和金属分散度。而且,该制备方法所用前驱物基本不具备毒性,制备过程简便易行,节约能源,绿色环保,适用于大规模工业化生产。
本发明采取的技术方案是:
一种用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂,该催化剂包括载体、活性组分和酞箐配体;其中,碳纳米管为载体,酞箐分子为配体,所述的活性组分为Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn中的一种或多种;活性组分和酞箐分子配体形成金属酞箐化合物锚定在碳纳米管载体上;催化剂上金属活性组分含量约为1-4%,酞菁配体含量为9-36%,其余为载体。说明:酞菁配体是一种含氮的有机配体,能与多种过渡金属形成金属有机配合物,过渡金属如本专利提到的Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn。
所述的用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)与水混合,然后超声分散0.5-2h,得到溶液A;
其中,质量比为MWCNT:水=1:100-200;
(2)将尿素、金属氯化物MClx、(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O、NH4Cl溶于水中,得到溶液B;
其中,相对于A溶液中的MWCNT的质量,B溶液中其他试剂的质量比为,MWCNT:尿素:MClx:(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O:NH4Cl=1:0.5-5:0.1-0.5:0.01-0.05:0.1-0.5;M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn中的一种或多种;x=2或3;
(3)将溶液A和溶液B混合,超声分散2-5h;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的固液混合物在60-120℃条件下干燥5-24h,得到固体A;
(5)按照将步骤(4)得到的固体A与邻苯二甲酸酐和丙酮混合,搅拌2-5h;
其中,质量比为MWCNT:邻苯二甲酸酐:丙酮=1:0.2-0.8:50-100;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的固液混合物在60-120℃下干燥5-24h,然后在200-400℃后焙烧2-6h,得到固体B;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的固体B用大量去离子水洗涤至滤液呈中性,过滤并在70-120℃下干燥6-24h,得到用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂。
所述的金属氯化物MClx为MnCl2、CoCl2、FeCl3、CuCl2、NiCl2、ZnCl2等氯化物中的任意一种或多种。
所述的碳纳米管负载非贵金属单原子催化剂,其特征在于:负载在碳纳米管上的活性组分主要以酞箐金属结构的金属单原子形式存在。
所述的碳纳米管负载非贵金属单原子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:生成金属酞箐分子的前驱物分为两步上载到碳纳米管载体上,并在载体上原位反应生成金属酞箐分子并锚定在载体上。
所述的用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂的应用,包括如下步骤:
将2-巯基苯并噻唑、有机胺、水、甲苯和用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂加入到反应釜中,用氧气向其中置换釜内空气后,保持釜内氧气压力为0.3-0.6MPa,搅拌下在温度为50-70℃条件下反应1-4h,得到次磺酰胺类的固体产品;
其中,有机胺是叔丁胺、苯胺、二乙胺或二异丙胺;质量比为,2-巯基苯并噻唑:有机胺:水:甲苯:用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂=1:5-25:1-12:5-40:0.1-2。
本发明的实质性特点为:
在含硫有机化合物与有机胺发生催化氧化脱氢偶联反应制含有S-N键的次磺酰胺类化合物的方法中,当前技术是采用含氯的氧化剂,如次氯酸钠等进行氧化脱氢偶联反应。这种合成方法为均相非催化反应工艺,不仅步骤繁琐,产生大量含盐废水,对设备防腐要求高且对环境造成危害,并且苛刻的反应条件导致产品选择性低、副产物多、消耗高。
本发明开发了新型高效的负载型酞箐钴催化剂,该催化剂采用原位合成负载法,使酞箐钴在碳纳米管表面原位合成。从而实现了钴的单原子分散和高负载量。相对于传统方法-磺化酞箐金属前驱体直接浸渍载体获得负载型催化剂的方法,本发明制备的催化剂具有更高的负载量和金属分散度。所以能够在有机含硫化合物氧化脱氢偶联构建S-N键化合物反应中获得较高的活性和选择性。
本发明制备的基于碳纳米管的非贵金属单原子催化剂以MWCNT为载体,具有较大的比表面积,且活性位点大量存在于MWCNT外壁,大幅减小了体积普遍较大的分子结构的化合物的扩散阻力;同时,由于酞箐配体的作用使活性组分以单原子形式高度分散负载在催化剂表面,提高了催化剂在硫醇类化合物和有机胺的氧化脱氢偶联反应中的催化活性和目标产物的收率。此外该催化剂性能稳定且易于与反应物和产物分离,可用于连续化工艺,适合大规模工业应用。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明制备的用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的碳纳米管负载非贵金属催化剂与均相催化剂相比,含有底物、副产物和溶剂的母液与催化剂易于分离,不仅减少了催化剂对产品质量的影响,同时也避免了均相催化剂活性组分在液相中过度络合而导致易于失活的现象。此外,该催化剂与此前报道的非均相催化剂相比,采用了性质稳定、比表面积较大的MWCNT作为载体,廉价易得的尿素作为氮源。这一方面增加了催化剂的稳定性与活性位的分散性,另一方面减小了反应物和产物的扩散阻力,具备更高的选择性。该催化剂在2-巯基苯并噻唑与叔丁胺以及氧气发生催化氧化脱氢偶联制N-叔丁基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺(TBBS)反应中表现出优异的催化性能,TBBS收率高达96%,远高于目前工业上采用的传统的次氯酸钠氧化法工艺的水平。
附图说明
图1为不同样品的拉曼光谱。其中,“PcCo/MWCNT”为采用实施例1方法制备得到的催化剂;样品“PcCo”为非负载型酞菁钴单体;样品“MWCNT”为碳纳米管。
图2为样品“PcCo/MWCNT”的扫描电镜和高分辨投射电镜图;其中,图2(a)为样品“PcCo/MWCNT”实现酞菁钴原位负载后的催化剂的SEM图像;图2(b)为样品“PcCo/MWCNT”酞菁钴原位负载后的催化剂的原子分辨率HAADF-STEM图像;图2(c)和图2(d)为样品“PcCo/MWCNT”酞菁钴负载后的催化剂的HRTEM图像。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明通过实施例作进一步说明,但不仅限于本实施例。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件以及手册中所述的条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件所用的通用设备、材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的非均相单原子催化剂、制备方法及应用进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
表1以2-巯基苯并噻唑为反应物,更换不同有机胺的部分反应结果
结合表1可以看出,以2-巯基苯并噻唑为反应物之一,再分别以叔丁胺、环己胺、二乙胺、二异丙胺为另外一个反应物,均能实现氧化脱氢偶联反应,产物收率达到较高的水平。因此,本专利研究的催化剂可以适用于多种氧化脱氢偶联反应体系,具有较高的普适性。
实施例1
取多壁碳纳米管(壁厚5-10nm)质量为0.2g,加入到100mL水中,得到溶液A;另按照质量比为WMWCNT:W尿素:WCoClx:W(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O:WNH4Cl:W水=1:0.5:0.1:0.01:0.1:100的比例,将尿素、CoClx、(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O、NH4Cl溶于100mL水,得到溶液B,将溶液A和B充分混合后,然后超声分散2h。将得到的固液混合物在80℃下干燥10h。按照质量比为WMWCNT:W邻苯二甲酸酐:W丙酮=1:0.3:80的比例将上述得到的固体与邻苯二甲酸酐和丙酮混合,搅拌3h。将得到的固液混合物在80℃条件下干燥10h。把上述干燥得到固体产物在220℃焙烧4h后自然降至室温得到Co负载量约为2.3%、酞菁配体含量为20.0%的催化剂,催化剂记为M1。
将本实例得到的催化剂用于2-巯基苯并噻唑(M)和叔丁胺的氧化脱氢偶联。催化剂评价装置采用机械搅拌釜,其中釜内容积100mL。按照WM:W叔丁胺:W水:W甲苯:W催化剂=1:5:3:5:0.1的比例将原料投入反应釜中,其中,催化剂用量为20mg。向反应釜中充放压氧气三次置换釜内空气后,保持釜内氧气压力为0.3MPa,在温度为50℃条件下反应1.5h,反应结果见表2,目标产物TBBS的收率达到了96%。
图1所示为采用酞菁金属原位合成法制备的催化剂M1的拉曼光谱表征,对比负载前后可以看出,碳纳米管表面存在酞菁钴结构的特征峰,说明此方法实现酞菁钴的原位合成。
结合图2分析,由(a)可以看出,负载后的碳纳米管形貌基本保持不变;由(b)可知,负载后的碳纳米管表面Co元素呈单原子级分布;图2(c、d,)结合图1表征可以看出,酞菁钴原位负载在碳纳米管表面,金属Co呈单原子分布,进一步佐证碳纳米管表面酞菁钴结构的存在,从而说明成功实现了酞菁钴的原位合成。
实施例2
将实例1中的金属氯化物CoCl2改为FeCl3,所用试剂的质量比例为WMWCNT:W尿素:WFeCl3:W(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O:WNH4Cl:WH2O=1:0.3:0.2:0.04:0.3:150,其他操作与实例1相同,得到Fe负载量约为2.2%、酞菁配体含量为20.1%的铁单原子催化剂,催化剂记为M2;反应结果见表2。
实施例3
将实例1中的金属氯化物CoCl2改为NiCl2,所用试剂的质量比例为WMWCNT:W尿素:WNiCl2:W(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O:WNH4Cl:WH2O=1:1:0.2:0.04:0.3:150,其他操作与实例1相同,得到Ni负载量约为2.3%、酞菁配体含量为20.0%的镍单原子催化剂,催化剂记为M3;反应结果见表2。
实施例4
将实例1中的金属氯化物CoCl2改为CuCl2,所用试剂的质量比例为WMWCNT:W尿素:WCuCl2:W(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O:WNH4Cl:WH2O=1:1.5:0.2:0.01:0.2:150,其他操作与实例1相同,得到Cu负载量约为2.5%、酞菁配体含量为20.2%的催化剂,催化剂记为M4;反应结果见表2。
实施例5
将实例1中的金属氯化物CoCl2改为ZnCl2,所用试剂的质量比例为WMWCNT:W尿素:WZnCl2:W(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O:WNH4Cl:WH2O=1:1.5:0.2:0.01:0.2:150,WMWCNT:W邻苯二甲酸酐:W丙酮=1:0.8:80,其他操作与实例1相同,得到Zn负载量约为2.5%、酞菁配体含量为20.2%的催化剂,催化剂记为M5;反应结果见表2。
实施例6
将实例1中的金属氯化物CoCl2改为MnCl2,过程中的干燥温度为120度,干燥时间均为24小时,最后催化剂的焙烧温度为350度,焙烧时间为2小时,其他操作与实例1相同,得到Mn负载量约为2.2%、酞菁配体含量为20.5%的催化剂,催化剂记为M6;反应结果见表2。
实施例7
将实例1中的WMWCNT:W尿素:WMClx:W(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O:WNH4Cl:W水=1:0.5:0.1:0.01:0.1:100的比例调整为1:0.8:0.1:0.01:0.1:100,其他操作与实例1相同,得到Co负载量约为2.3%、酞菁配体含量为20.0%的催化剂,催化剂记为M7;反应结果见表2。
实施例8
将实例1中的WMWCNT:W邻苯二甲酸酐:W丙酮=1:0.3:80的比例调整为1:0.5:100,其他操作与实例1相同,得到Co负载量约为3.4%、酞菁配体含量为29.5%的催化剂,催化剂记为M8;反应结果见表2。
实施例9
将实例1中的金属氯化物CoCl2改为CoCl2和CuCl2,所用试剂的质量比例为WMWCNT:W尿素:WCoCl2:WCuCl2:W(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O:WNH4Cl:WH2O=1:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.01:0.2:150,其他操作与实例1相同,得到Co和Cu负载量分别为1.1%和1.2%、酞菁配体含量为19.2%的催化剂,催化剂记为M9;反应结果见表2。
表2实施例1-8的反应结果
实施例 | 催化剂 | M转化率/% | NS收率% |
实施例1 | M1 | 99 | 96 |
实施例2 | M2 | 98 | 90 |
实施例3 | M3 | 95 | 90 |
实施例4 | M4 | 88 | 85 |
实施例5 | M5 | 91 | 89 |
实施例6 | M6 | 87 | 83 |
实施例7 | M7 | 92 | 90 |
实施例8 | M8 | 97 | 95 |
实施例9 | M9 | 98 | 94 |
实施例10
将实例1得到的催化剂用于2-巯基苯并噻唑(M)和环己胺的氧化脱氢偶联。催化剂评价装置采用机械搅拌釜,其中釜内容积100mL。按照WM:W环己胺:W水:W甲苯:W催化剂=0.25:5:3:5:0.1的比例将原料投入反应釜中,其中,催化剂量为10mg。向反应釜中充放压三次置换釜内空气后,保持釜内氧气压力为0.3MPa,在温度为50℃条件下反应4h,目标产物为表1中3b,收率达到90%。
实施例11
将实例1得到的催化剂用于2-巯基苯并噻唑(M)和乙二胺的氧化脱氢偶联。催化剂评价装置采用机械搅拌釜,其中釜内容积100mL。按照WM:W乙二胺:W水:W甲苯:W催化剂=0.25:5:3:5:0.1的比例将原料投入反应釜中,其中,催化剂量为10mg。向反应釜中充放压三次置换釜内空气后,保持釜内氧气压力为0.3MPa,在温度为50℃条件下反应4h,目标产物为表1中3c,收率达到72%。
实施例12
将实例1得到的催化剂用于2-巯基苯并噻唑(M)和二异丙基胺的氧化脱氢偶联。催化剂评价装置采用机械搅拌釜,其中釜内容积100mL。按照WM:W二异丙基胺:W水:W甲苯:W催化剂=0.25:5:3:5:0.1的比例将原料投入反应釜中,其中,催化剂量为10mg。向反应釜中充放压三次置换釜内空气后,保持釜内氧气压力为0.3MPa,在温度为50℃条件下反应4h,目标产物为表1中3d,收率达到72%。
实施例13
将实例1得到的催化剂用于2-巯基苯并噻唑(M)和叔丁胺的氧化脱氢偶联。催化剂评价装置采用机械搅拌釜,其中釜内容积100mL。按照WM:W叔丁胺:W水:W甲苯:W催化剂=0.5:5:20:5:0.1的比例将原料投入反应釜中,其中,催化剂量为20mg。向反应釜中充放压三次置换釜内空气后,保持釜内氧气压力为0.6MPa,在温度为70℃条件下反应1h,目标产物TBBS收率达到75%。
上面以具体的实施例来对本发明进行详细的描述,显然,所描述的实例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明未尽事宜为公知技术。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂,其特征为该催化剂包括载体、活性组分和酞箐配体;其中,碳纳米管为载体,酞箐分子为配体,所述的活性组分为Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn中的一种或多种;活性组分和酞箐分子配体形成金属酞箐化合物锚定在碳纳米管载体上;催化剂上金属活性组分含量为1-4%,酞菁配体含量为9-36%;
所述的用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将多壁碳纳米管MWCNT与水混合,然后超声分散0.5-2 h,得到溶液A;
其中,质量比为MWCNT:水=1:100-200;
(2)将尿素、金属氯化物MClx、(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O、NH4Cl溶于水中,得到溶液B;
其中,相对于A溶液中的MWCNT的质量,B溶液中其他试剂的质量比为,MWCNT:尿素:MClx:(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O:NH4Cl=1:0.5-5:0.1-0.5:0.01-0.05:0.1-0.5;M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn中的一种或多种;x=2或3;
(3)将溶液A和溶液B混合,搅拌2-5 h;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的固液混合物在60-120℃条件下干燥5-24 h,得到固体A;
(5)按照将步骤(4)得到的固体A与邻苯二甲酸酐和丙酮混合,搅拌2-5 h;
其中,质量比为MWCNT: 邻苯二甲酸酐:丙酮=1: 0.2-0.8: 50-100;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的固液混合物在60-120℃下干燥5-24 h,然后在200-400℃后焙烧2-6 h,得到固体B;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的固体B用去离子水洗涤至滤液呈中性,过滤并在70-120 ℃下干燥6-24 h,得到用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂;
所述的金属氯化物MClx为MnCl2、CoCl2、FeCl3、CuCl2、NiCl2、ZnCl2中的一种或多种;
负载在碳纳米管上的活性组分以酞箐金属结构的金属单原子形式存在。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂的应用,其特征为包括如下步骤:
将2-巯基苯并噻唑、有机胺、水 、甲苯 和用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂加入到反应釜中,用氧气向其中置换釜内空气后,保持釜内氧气压力为0.3-0.6MPa,搅拌下在温度为50-70 ℃条件下反应1-4 h,得到次磺酰胺类的固体产品;
其中,有机胺是叔丁胺、苯胺、二乙胺或二异丙胺;质量比例为,2-巯基苯并噻唑: 有机胺: 水:甲苯: 用于氧化脱氢偶联反应的负载型非贵金属单原子催化剂=1:5-25:1-12:5-40:0.1-2。
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