CN114901540A - 蜗轮蜗杆传动机构 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
- B62D5/0442—Conversion of rotational into longitudinal movement
- B62D5/0454—Worm gears
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
- B62D5/0409—Electric motor acting on the steering column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
- F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
- F16D1/0829—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial loading of both hub and shaft by an intermediate ring or sleeve
- F16D1/0835—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial loading of both hub and shaft by an intermediate ring or sleeve due to the elasticity of the ring or sleeve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/50—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
- F16D3/76—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members shaped as an elastic ring centered on the axis, surrounding a portion of one coupling part and surrounded by a sleeve of the other coupling part
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- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/22—Toothed members; Worms for transmissions with crossing shafts, especially worms, worm-gears
- F16H55/24—Special devices for taking up backlash
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
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- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/12—Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
- F16H1/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes
- F16H1/16—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes comprising worm and worm-wheel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
- F16H2057/0213—Support of worm gear shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/12—Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere
- F16H2057/126—Self-adjusting during operation, e.g. by a spring
- F16H2057/127—Self-adjusting during operation, e.g. by a spring using springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
用于机动车的助力转向的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构,其具有蜗轮(3);具有蜗杆(1),所述蜗杆与所述蜗轮(3)啮合;具有电动马达(8),所述电动马达驱动所述蜗杆(1),其中,所述蜗杆(1)在一侧上通过联轴器与所述电动马达(8)连接,其中,所述蜗杆(1)在另一侧上支承在浮动轴承(10)中,其中,所述联轴器由毂(4)和弹性的弹簧套筒(2)组成;其中,所述浮动轴承(10)椭圆地成型,以便能够实现所述蜗杆(1)的垂直的运动;并且其中,所述蜗杆(1)通过所述联轴器预紧到所述蜗轮(3)上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的助力转向系统的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构。
背景技术
通过电动马达提供的支持扭矩借助于伺服传动机构传递到齿条上。为此,所述电动马达的旋转运动转化为所述齿条的平移运动。此外,由电动马达提供的转速水平和扭矩水平必须通过所述伺服传动机构的相应的传动比来适应转向的要求。为此,通常在电伺服转向中使用蜗轮蜗杆传动机构。
这样的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构的问题在于传动间隙,所述传动间隙由于构件公差、传动元件的不同的热膨胀和由于磨损造成。尤其在所谓的“交替转向(Wechsellenken)”的情况下,即在用交替的转向回转进行直接相继的转向的情况下,这样的传动间隙产生非期望的噪声,该噪声由蜗杆和齿轮的齿的对置的齿面的交替贴靠造成。
已知的是,这种传动间隙通过下述方式消除:将所述蜗杆弹簧加载地并且可偏转地支承。这通过特定的弹簧板(Federblech)来实现,该弹簧板通过保持件或者套管与所述蜗杆的固定轴承连接,并且通过调整螺钉固定在壳体中。但是,这种构造是麻烦并且昂贵的。
发明内容
从这种技术背景出发得出的本发明的任务在于,提供一种具有简化的弹簧加载的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构。通过更纤薄的设计和更少的构件应该使所述蜗轮蜗杆传动机构的成本并且还有重量降低。此外,在所述蜗轮蜗杆传动机构受动态影响的情况下的噪声抑制应该得到改善。
这个任务通过权利要求1的对象解决。有利的实施方式是其他的专利权利要求的对象,并且由下面的本发明的说明得出。
由于所述蜗杆在滚动过程中进行轻微的摆动,必须在所述马达的驱动轴和所述蜗杆之间置入联轴器。根据本发明,所述联轴器由毂和弹性的弹簧套筒组成。本发明的主题思想是:使联轴器承担多个功能。
扭矩传递
首先,所述联轴器传递扭矩。为此,所述蜗杆与弹性的弹簧套筒通过压配合连接。在另一侧上,所述毂与所述马达的驱动轴通过压配合连接。此外,弹簧套筒与所述毂通过压配合连接。作为防止在扭矩峰值的情况下的打滑的保护,能够附加地在所述弹性的弹簧套筒处设置槽,所述槽嵌接到集成在所述毂处的导向键中。
蜗杆固定支承
弹性的弹簧套筒也承担了蜗杆固定支承。因此取消额外的蜗杆固定轴承。真正的固定轴承位于所述马达的驱动轴上。
蜗杆弹簧加载
此外,弹性的弹簧套筒承担所述蜗杆的弹簧加载,以便确保无间隙的齿啮合。一旦所述蜗轮被装配,所述蜗杆的预紧力就出现在所述蜗轮上。为此,在蜗杆和蜗轮之间的轴距a减小预紧量x(例如0.5mm),以便实现蜗杆作用到所述蜗轮上的期望的预紧力。借此,蜗杆与蜗轮的径向跳动公差(Rundlauftoleranzen)以及所述蜗轮的齿廓磨损在传动机构的使用寿命期间得到无间隙地补偿,使得齿面在转向支持的每个负载状态中并且在每个时刻彼此贴靠。这确保了无间隙的转向支持并且阻止了通过所述蜗杆引起的能够通过车辆振动和方向变换产生的噪声。橡胶弹性的弹簧装置附加地负责缓冲或者吸收(abfedern)通过行驶动态产生的扭矩峰值。这保护了传动机构的构件并且抑制了干扰的噪声。橡胶弹性的弹簧装置的邵氏硬度(Shore Härte)如此选出,使得蜗轮蜗杆传动机构的空载扭矩(Leerdurchdrehmoment)尽可能地低,并且使得作用到所述蜗轮上的所述蜗杆的弹簧加载尽可能地紧。通过试验来确定最优值。在这里,弹性的材料能够由弹性体或者橡胶构成。
浮动轴承套
所述蜗杆在另一侧上与椭圆的浮动轴承套连接。所述浮动轴承套的椭圆的形状允许了所述蜗杆的弹簧加载行程(Anfederweg)用于间隙补偿,但阻碍了在滚动过程期间的所述蜗杆的侧向的偏移。在具有较高的扭矩的传动机构中,同样能够通过在内环和外环之间的橡胶弹性的材料设置弹簧加载。在具有较低的扭矩的传动机构中,这样的附加的弹簧加载是不必要的。
附图说明
实施例将根据附图来说明。其中:
图1示出根据本发明的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构
图2示出联轴器的毂
图3示出弹性的弹簧套筒
图4示出与毂和弹簧套筒组装的联轴器。
具体实施方式
在图1中能够看到根据本发明的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构。电动马达8驱动蜗杆1。所述蜗杆1与所述蜗轮3啮合。所述电动马达8的驱动轴5与所述蜗杆1通过联轴器连接,其中,所述联轴器由毂4和弹性的弹簧套筒2组成。在此,所述毂4挤压到所述驱动轴5上。所述弹性的弹簧套筒2挤压到所述蜗杆1上。所述毂4具有开口,所述弹性的弹簧套筒2压入到所述毂中。
然后,所述蜗杆在一侧上通过固定轴承6支承在所述电动马达8的驱动轴5上。所述蜗杆在另一侧上通过椭圆的浮动轴承10支承。在图1中,椭圆的浮动轴承10能够再在进一步放大的视图中看到。椭圆的形状允许了所述蜗杆1的垂直的运动用于间隙补偿,而阻碍了所述蜗杆1的侧向的偏移。
为了将所述蜗杆1预紧到所述蜗轮3上,将轴距a在装配时减小预紧量x。
在图2中,所述毂4作为单独的结构元件示出。所述毂4在一侧上具有孔,用该孔将所述毂4挤压到所述驱动轴5上。所述毂4在另一侧上具有较大的孔,弹性的弹簧套筒2能够压入到较大的孔中。在这个孔中能够布置导向键9,该导向键优选地与所述毂一体化、由烧结材料构造。然后,弹性的弹簧套筒2能够通过槽嵌接到这个导向键9中,以便获得附加的用于扭矩传递的支撑。
在所述毂4的外周处设置用来作为装配辅助的凹槽,这样装配工具就能够嵌接在那里。
在图3中,弹性的弹簧套筒2作为单独的构件示出。在此,在外环和内环之间布置橡胶弹性材料。优选地,这种橡胶弹性材料通过挤压或者硫化到环中制成,从而在所述橡胶弹性材料和两环之间产生固定的连接。如此,所述弹簧套筒2能够吸收轴向和径向的力、传递扭矩并且以弹簧力加载所述蜗杆(anfedern)。
在所述弹簧套筒2处能够设置槽11,所述槽嵌接到在所述毂4中的导向键9中。在所述导向键和所述槽之间存在间隙。所述内环的槽仅在相应的过载的情况下贴靠在所述导向键处。如此能够确保可靠的扭矩传递。
在图4中示出了由毂4和弹性的弹簧套筒2组成的完整的联轴器。所述弹性的弹簧套筒2压入到所述毂4中。在此,它通过槽嵌接到所述毂4的导向键9中。
Claims (6)
1.用于机动车的助力转向的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构,其具有蜗轮(3);具有蜗杆(1),所述蜗杆与所述蜗轮(3)啮合;具有电动马达(8),所述电动马达驱动所述蜗杆(1),其中,所述蜗杆(1)在一侧上通过联轴器与所述电动马达(8)连接,其中,所述蜗杆(1)在另一侧上支承在浮动轴承(10)中,
其特征在于,
所述联轴器由毂(4)和弹性的弹簧套筒(2)组成;
所述浮动轴承(10)椭圆地成型,以便能够实现所述蜗杆(1)的垂直的运动;并且所述蜗杆(1)通过所述联轴器预紧到所述蜗轮(3)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构,
其特征在于,
所述蜗杆(1)通过固定轴承(6)支承在所述电动马达(8)的驱动轴(5)上。
3.根据权利要求1或者2所述的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构,
其特征在于,
所述毂(4)挤压到所述电动马达(8)的驱动轴(5)上;
并且所述蜗杆(1)压入到所述弹性的弹簧套筒(2)中。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构,
其特征在于,
所述毂(4)具有集成的导向键(9),所述弹性的弹簧套筒(2)通过槽(11)嵌接到所述导向键中。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构,
其特征在于,
所述弹性的弹簧套筒(2)由外环和内环构成,其中,在它们之间布置有橡胶弹性的材料。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的蜗轮蜗杆传动机构,
其特征在于,
在浮动轴承(10)的外环和内环之间布置有橡胶弹性的材料。
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DE102020200285.1A DE102020200285A1 (de) | 2020-01-11 | 2020-01-11 | Schneckengetriebe |
PCT/EP2020/082462 WO2021139916A1 (de) | 2020-01-11 | 2020-11-18 | Schneckengetriebe |
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DE102004051218B4 (de) * | 2004-07-01 | 2008-01-17 | Tedrive Holding Bv | Elektrisches Lenkgetriebe mit einem Elektromotor und einem Reduktionsgetriebe |
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DE102013223380A1 (de) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-07-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Elektrische Servolenkung für Fahrzeuge |
KR102281681B1 (ko) * | 2015-01-12 | 2021-07-27 | 주식회사 만도 | 자동차의 감속기 |
DE102015201938A1 (de) * | 2015-02-04 | 2016-08-04 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Vorrichtung zur Einbringung eines Hilfsdrehmoments in eine Lenkwelle |
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2020
- 2020-01-11 DE DE102020200285.1A patent/DE102020200285A1/de active Pending
- 2020-11-18 CN CN202080092370.6A patent/CN114901540A/zh active Pending
- 2020-11-18 WO PCT/EP2020/082462 patent/WO2021139916A1/de active Application Filing
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JP2000211537A (ja) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-08-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電動式パワ―ステアリング装置 |
US20070251758A1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2007-11-01 | Nsk Ltd. | Worm reduction gear and electric power steering apparatus |
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