CN114893330A - External fuel pretreatment device, engine system and control method thereof - Google Patents

External fuel pretreatment device, engine system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114893330A
CN114893330A CN202210549156.XA CN202210549156A CN114893330A CN 114893330 A CN114893330 A CN 114893330A CN 202210549156 A CN202210549156 A CN 202210549156A CN 114893330 A CN114893330 A CN 114893330A
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fuel
mixer
engine
chamber
oil
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CN114893330B (en
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王洋
卢旭
张宇新
刘龙
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
    • F02M27/042—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism by plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/08—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by sonic or ultrasonic waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an external fuel pretreatment device, an engine system and a control method, wherein the pretreatment device comprises a fuel pump, a fuel oil preheating chamber, a mixer and an oxygen generator which are sequentially connected; the fuel pump is mixed with metal nano particles; the outer wall of the fuel oil preheating chamber is covered by a heat exchanger and is used for heating fuel oil by using waste heat of waste gas; the mixer comprises an ultrasonic generator and a temperature sensor, and is used for mixing fuel oil and oxygen, and mixing metal nano particles in the fuel oil and the fuel oil; the engine system includes an engine, an external fuel pretreatment device, and a fuel injection device including a main fuel injection device, a plasma fuel reformer, and a spark plug. The engine system can adjust the external fuel pretreatment device to control the boundary condition of the reaction of the fuel oil and the oxygen during cold start and high load, thereby discharging partial intermediate products or complete oxidation products in different oxidation stages.

Description

External fuel pretreatment device, engine system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of combustion optimization of internal combustion engines, and particularly relates to an external fuel pretreatment device, an engine system and a control method of the engine system.
Background
Transportation is a major source of global fuel consumption. By 2050, annual emissions of global greenhouse gases (GHG) had to be reduced by 50% -85% from the emission levels recorded in 2000, according to recommendations of the inter-government climate change committee (IPCC) of the united nations. This will result in limiting long term global heating to 2.0-2.4 degrees celsius. However, recent studies have shown that the rate of climate change is faster than previously expected, and even a 50% reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 may not be sufficient. In order to achieve greenhouse gas emissions targets and reduce the dependence on oil, the overall energy consumption of road vehicles must be greatly reduced, and the main challenge in achieving this goal is to reduce automotive carbon emissions without disrupting traffic patterns and population mobility. Scientists around the world have thus proposed several new combustion modes successively, including Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), Partial Premix Combustion (PPC), and activity controlled homogeneous charge compression ignition (RCCI), etc. these new combustion modes essentially change the combustion reaction path of the fuel by controlling the combustion boundary conditions or the fuel characteristics to achieve the purpose of high efficiency and energy saving, fuel reforming is an important way to reduce the irreversible loss and to achieve the control of the combustion reaction path, and by optimizing the chemical reaction path in the engine combustion process, the total loss can be reduced from 30.90% to 16.86% at the most, and the thermal efficiency can be increased from 36.8% to 44.9%.
Research on fuel reforming is often focused on converting fuel into a hydrogen-rich mixture, mainly including catalytic reforming combustion, plasma reforming combustion, autothermal reforming, and partial oxidation reforming. The influence of hydrogen addition (produced by exhaust gas reforming) on the combustion efficiency of fuel and its emissions was studied by Fennell et al on gasoline direct injection engines, and the results show that: hydrogen gas obtained by reforming exhaust gas can improve the indicated efficiency of the engine and reduce particulate emissions. Tsolakis et al show that by burning biodiesel on diesel engines (50% by volume of a mixture of ultra low sulfur diesel and rapeseed oil, respectively) and bioethanol on HCCI engines: by adding exhaust gas reformate to the fuel, the fuel consumption of biodiesel is reduced by 3%, while the EGR threshold for bioethanol is broadened. Horng et al have experimentally confirmed that the conversion of a fuel into a hydrogen-rich mixture using a plasma fuel reformer and using this mixture as a fuel can reduce the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas. In fact, the novel combustion mode of fuel reforming is to realize the effect of a dual-fuel combustion strategy by using only one fuel, namely, reforming the fuel into substances with different activities and then mixing and combusting the substances with fresh fuel, so that the activity and concentration stratification of mixed gas can be realized, and the combustion state of an engine is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an external fuel pretreatment device, an engine system and a control method thereof. The engine of the engine system of the invention is provided with a main fuel injection device and a plasma fuel reformer, wherein reforming fuel in the plasma fuel reformer is injected into the engine through a nozzle and is combusted in a cylinder together with air in an air inlet and fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection device. The engine can discharge fuels with different activities in different oxidation stages by controlling the corresponding reforming reaction conditions of the built-in reformer under different working conditions, and can realize the activity and concentration layering of mixed gas in a cylinder by combining the fuel directly injected by a fuel injector in the cylinder of the engine, change the reaction path of fuel combustion reaction and effectively widen the efficient and clean combustion range.
The invention provides an external fuel pretreatment device, which comprises a fuel pump, a fuel oil preheating chamber, a mixer and an oxygen generator which are connected in sequence; wherein, all the elements are connected through pipelines; the fuel pump is mixed with metal nano particles; the outer wall of the fuel oil preheating chamber is covered by a heat exchanger, the inlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the exhaust pipe, and the outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the second exhaust port, so that the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the engine passes through the heat exchanger to heat the fuel in the fuel oil preheating chamber;
the mixing and distributing device comprises a first inlet, a second inlet, a liquid outlet, an ultrasonic generator, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the first inlet is communicated with the fuel oil preheating chamber through a pipeline and used for flowing heated fuel, the second inlet is communicated with the oxygen generator through a pipeline and used for flowing oxygen from the oxygen generator, the oxygen from the oxygen generator and the fuel oil in the preheating chamber are uniformly mixed in the mixing and distributing device, and the ultrasonic generator positioned in the mixing and distributing device is used for uniformly mixing metal nanoparticles in the fuel oil and the fuel oil to obtain a mixture; the mixture flows into a fuel inlet pipe through a liquid outlet; and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor in the mixer are used for providing temperature and pressure values in the mixer for the ECU, and the ECU controls the boundary conditions of the reaction of the fuel oil and the oxygen in the mixer according to the numerical values, so that partial intermediate products or complete oxidation products in different oxidation stages are discharged.
Furthermore, the fuel pump, the fuel preheating chamber and the mixing device are connected through oil pipes, a first flow valve is arranged between every two elements, the mixing device and the oxygen generator are connected through an air pipe and a second flow valve, and each flow valve is used for controlling the amount of fuel flowing in and the flowing-in time through an ECU.
Further, the fuel pump is doped with metal nano-particle Al 2 O 3 。
The second purpose of the invention is to provide an engine system comprising the external fuel pretreatment device, which comprises an engine, the external fuel pretreatment device and a fuel injection device; the external fuel preprocessing device is used for providing a uniformly mixed fuel oil and oxygen mixture for the fuel injection device, wherein the fuel oil is heated by the waste heat of an engine; the fuel injection device comprises a main fuel injection device, a plasma fuel reformer and a spark plug which are arranged on a cylinder cover; the exhaust pipe is divided into two paths, one path of exhaust pipe passes through an exhaust control valve and then reaches a first exhaust port for directly exhausting waste gas of the engine, and the other path of exhaust pipe passes through another exhaust control valve and then enters a heat exchanger and then exhausts the waste gas of the engine from a second exhaust port;
the main fuel injection device is provided so as to be able to supply fuel to the inside of the main combustion chamber in an arbitrary amount at an arbitrary timing; the main fuel injection device comprises a second nozzle and an oil injector, wherein the second nozzle extends into the main combustion chamber and is used for injecting fresh fuel into the main combustion chamber;
the plasma fuel reformer is used for supplying reformed fuel to the main combustion chamber and comprises an electrode, an insulator, an ionization chamber and a first nozzle; the ionization chamber is provided with a cavity for ionizing and reforming the fuel and the gas in the ionization chamber to form reformed fuel; the chamber wall of the ionization chamber is surrounded by a grounding electrode, the grounding electrode is made of stainless steel materials, and the grounding electrode adopts a direct grounding mode; the ionization chamber is characterized in that the side wall of the ionization chamber extends into the tail end of an oil pump, the other end of the oil pump is connected with the tail end of a fuel sample inlet pipe and used for guiding a mixture containing nano particles prepared by the external fuel pretreatment device into the ionization chamber through the fuel sample inlet pipe and the oil pump, an insulator is arranged at the top of the ionization chamber, an electrode is inserted into the insulator, two ends of the electrode extend out of the insulator, one end of the electrode is exposed out of a cylinder cover, and the other end of the electrode extends into the ionization chamber and used for generating electric arc; the bottom of the ionization chamber is provided with a first nozzle;
the first nozzle of the plasma fuel reformer and the bottom of the spark plug extend into the main combustion chamber, so that the reformed fuel, the fresh fuel sprayed by the main fuel injection device and the fresh air entering the air inlet pipe are combined and combusted in the main combustion chamber.
Furthermore, the first nozzle of the plasma fuel reformer and the tail end of the spark plug extend into the precombustion chamber for precombustion, and enter the main combustion chamber through the flame passage to be combined with the fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection device for combustion.
Furthermore, the bottom of the second nozzle is connected with an oil drop sprayer, so that the fuel sprayed into the main combustion chamber is sprayed into the main combustion chamber of the engine in an atomized mode.
The control method of the engine system with the external fuel processing device comprises the following steps:
aiming at the condition of cold start of an engine or when the load of the engine is below 50% of rated power, controlling the flow of a fuel reforming loop, adjusting a first flow valve to increase the fuel quantity entering a fuel preheating chamber and prolong the preheating time of the fuel, adjusting the first flow valve to control the preheated fuel quantity entering a mixer, and controlling the temperature in the mixer to be maintained at 300-; controlling the flow of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer, the second flow valve is adjusted to control the integral equivalence ratio in the mixer to be within the range of 0.4-0.5; increasing the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer to be not higher than 10% of the calorific value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is converted into a high-activity reformate which is led into a main combustion chamber of the engine to participate in combustion;
when the engine load is more than 80% of rated power, the flow of the fuel reforming loop is controlled as follows: adjusting the first flow valve to reduce the fuel quantity entering the preheating chamber and shorten the fuel preheating time, adjusting the first flow valve to control the fuel quantity entering the mixer after preheating, and controlling the temperature in the mixer to be maintained at 200-270 ℃;
controlling the flow of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer, the second flow valve is adjusted to control the integral equivalence ratio in the mixer to be within the range of 0.4-0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is reduced to be not higher than 10% of the calorific value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is reformed into a low-activity reformate which is then introduced into a main combustion chamber of the engine to participate in combustion.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to an ionization reforming method based on engine fuel, which consists of a fuel built-in ionization reformer and an engine external fuel pretreatment system. The invention realizes ionization reforming of fuel, can realize concentration stratification and active stratification combustion of mixed gas in the cylinder of the engine, and does not need a catalyst, thereby leading the engine to operate more efficiently and more energy-saving.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an engine system according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a control method of the engine system of the present disclosure below 50% of rated power for an engine cold start condition or load;
fig. 3 shows a control method of the engine system according to the present invention when the engine load is 80% or more of the rated power.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
1: fuel pumps 2, 6: oil pipes 3, 5: first flow valve
4: fuel preheating chamber 7: temperature sensor 8: mixer dispenser
9: the pressure sensor 10: the ultrasonic generator 12: trachea
10: the second air pump 11: second flow rate valve 12: reformed gas inlet pump
13: the oxygen generator 14: third flow rate valve 15: a fuel inlet tube; 16: an electrode;
17: an insulator; 18: a ground electrode; 19: an oil pump;
20: the ionization chamber 21: arc 22: first nozzle
23: intake pipe 24: the precombustor 25: flame path
26: oil drop sprayer 27: cylinder wall
28: piston 29: the spark plug 30: main fuel injection device
301: second nozzle 302: main combustion chamber 31: exhaust pipe
32: first exhaust port 33: exhaust control valve
34: heat exchanger 35: second exhaust port
36: first inlet 37: second inlet 38: liquid outlet
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, which are only illustrative and not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, an engine system includes an engine, an external fuel pretreatment device, and a fuel injection device. The external fuel pretreatment device is used for providing a uniformly mixed fuel oil and oxygen mixture for the engine, wherein the fuel oil is heated by the waste heat of the engine; the fuel injection device comprises a main fuel injection device arranged on a cylinder cover, a plasma fuel reformer and a spark plug. The exhaust system further comprises an external air inlet pipe 23, one end of the external air inlet pipe is communicated with an engine air inlet and used for providing fresh air for the engine, and one end of the external air inlet pipe 31 is communicated with an exhaust pipe 31 of an engine air outlet, the exhaust pipe 31 is divided into two paths, one path of exhaust gas passes through an exhaust control valve 33 and then reaches a first exhaust port 32 and is used for directly exhausting exhaust waste gas of the engine, and the other path of exhaust gas passes through another exhaust control valve 33 and then enters a heat exchanger 34 and then is exhausted from a second exhaust port 35.
The external fuel pretreatment device comprises a fuel pump 1, a fuel oil preheating chamber 4, a mixer 8 and an oxygen generator 13 which are connected in sequence; the fuel pump 1, the fuel preheating chamber 4 and the mixer 8 are connected through oil pipes 2 and 6, and first flow valves 3 and 5 are arranged between every two elements and used for controlling the amount and the inflow time of inflowing fuel by an ECU (electronic control Unit); the mixer 8 is connected with the oxygen generator 13 through an air pipe 12 and a second flow valve 11; the fuel pump 1 is mixed with nano-particle Al 2 O 3 For reducing electrode polarization phenomena in subsequent ionization operations; the outer wall of the fuel oil preheating chamber 4 is covered by a heat exchanger 34, the inlet of the heat exchanger 34 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 31, and the outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the second exhaust port 35, so that the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the engine passes through the heat exchanger 34 to heat the fuel in the fuel oil preheating chamber 4.
The mixer 8 comprises a first inlet 36, a second inlet 37, a liquid discharge port 38, an ultrasonic generator 10, a temperature sensor 7 and a pressure sensor 9, wherein the first inlet is communicated with the fuel oil preheating chamber 4 through an oil pipe 6 for flowing in heated fuel, the second inlet is communicated with the oxygen generator 13 through an air pipe 12 for flowing in oxygen from the oxygen generator 13, the oxygen from the oxygen generator 13 and the fuel oil in the fuel oil preheating chamber 4 are uniformly mixed in the mixer 8, the ultrasonic generator 10 positioned inside the mixer 8 uniformly mixes metal nanoparticles in the fuel oil and the fuel oil to obtain a mixture, and the mixture flows into the fuel sample feeding pipe 15 through the liquid discharge port 38 and a third flow valve 14. The temperature sensor 7 and the pressure sensor 9 in the mixer 8 are used for providing temperature and pressure values in the mixer for an ECU of the engine, and the ECU controls the boundary conditions of the reaction of fuel oil and oxygen in the mixer according to numerical values, so that partial intermediate products or complete oxidation products in different oxidation stages are discharged.
The fuel injection means includes a main fuel injection means 30 provided on the cylinder head, a plasma fuel reformer, and an ignition plug 29. The main fuel injection device 30 is used to supply fuel to the main combustion chamber 302, and the plasma fuel reformer is used to supply reformed fuel to the main combustion chamber 302. The main fuel injection device is provided so as to be able to supply fuel to the cylinder interior in an arbitrary amount at an arbitrary timing; the main fuel injection device comprises a second nozzle 301 and an injector, wherein the second nozzle 301 extends into the main combustion chamber 302 and is used for injecting fresh fuel into the main combustion chamber 302.
The plasma fuel reformer includes an electrode 16, an insulator 17, an ionization chamber 20, and a first nozzle 22; the ionization chamber 20 has a cavity for ionizing and reforming the fuel and gas therein to form a reformed fuel; the chamber wall of the ionization chamber 20 is surrounded by a grounding electrode 18, the grounding electrode 18 is made of stainless steel materials, and the grounding electrode adopts a direct grounding mode; the side wall of the ionization chamber 20 extends into the tail end of an oil pump 19, the other end of the oil pump 19 is connected with the tail end of a fuel sample tube 15 and is used for guiding mixed gas containing nano particles in the fuel sample tube 15 into the ionization chamber 20 through the oil pump 19, an insulator 17 is arranged at the top of the ionization chamber 20, the electrode 16 is inserted into the insulator 17, two ends of the electrode 16 extend out of the insulator 17, one end of the electrode is exposed out of a cylinder cover, and the other end of the electrode extends into the ionization chamber 20 and is used for generating an electric arc 21; the energy of the electrode is less than 10% of the calorific value of the fuel; the ionization chamber 20 is provided at its bottom with a first nozzle 22, which first nozzle 22 extends into a prechamber 24 for injecting reformed fuel into the prechamber. And the bottom of the spark plug 29 extends into the precombustion chamber 24, so that the reformed fuel is precombusted in the precombustion chamber and enters the main combustion chamber 302 through the flame passage 25 to be combusted with the fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection device 30.
As a further optimization of this embodiment, an oil drop sprayer 26 is connected to the bottom of the second nozzle 301, so that the fuel sprayed into the main combustion chamber is sprayed into the main combustion chamber of the engine in an atomized form, and is mixed and combusted with the reformed fuel sprayed from the plasma fuel reformer, thereby forming a mixture with stratified activity and concentration.
Optionally, the primary fuel injection device 30 and the nozzles of the plasma fuel reformer both extend into the primary combustion chamber 302, and the bottom of the spark plug 29 extends into the primary combustion chamber 302.
The reforming loop has a trend of:
the initial fuel enters a fuel oil preheating chamber 4 through an oil pipe 2 and a first flow valve 3 at a constant speed by a fuel pump 1 and is heated by waste heat of exhaust gas of an engine, the heated fuel is introduced into a mixer 8 through a first flow valve 5 and an oil pipe 6 and is uniformly mixed with oxygen, wherein the oxygen comes from an oxygen generator 13 and enters the mixer 8 through an air pipe 12 and a second flow valve 11; meanwhile, an ultrasonic generator 10 is installed inside the mixer for promoting the fuel and Al 2 O 3 Mixing the nano particles, regulating and controlling the mixed fuel by a third flow valve 14, introducing the mixed fuel into an oil pump 19 through a fuel sample inlet pipe 15, and pumping the fuel into an ionization chamber 20 by the oil pump 19; after the ionization chamber is ionized by the arc, it enters the first nozzle 22. The oxygen loop is supplied with oxygen by an oxygen generator 13, enters the mixer 8 from an air pipe 12 under the regulation of a second flow valve 11 and is mixed with the heated fuel.
The flow control of the reforming circuit and the oxygen circuit is achieved by first flow valves 3,5 and second flow valve 11, respectively. The reformed fuel is injected into the precombustion chamber 24 through the first nozzle 22, is precombusted under the action of a spark plug, enters the main combustion chamber 302 of the engine through the flame passage 25, and is layered with the activity and concentration of the mixed gas of the fresh fuel directly injected by the main fuel injection device 30 and the fresh air entering through the air inlet pipe 23.
The control method for the engine system with the external fuel pretreatment device to work under the following working conditions comprises the following steps:
the second flow valve 11 between the mixer 8 and the oxygen generator 13 is controlled to adjust the amount of oxygen entering the mixer, and the first flow valves 3 and 5 are controlled to adjust the amount of fuel entering the fuel preheating chamber 4 and the amount of preheated fuel entering the mixer.
The specific operation is as follows: when the engine cold start working condition or the engine load is below 50% of the rated power, as shown in fig. 2, the flow of the fuel reforming loop is controlled: the ECU adjusts the first flow valve 3 to increase the fuel quantity entering the fuel preheating chamber 4, prolongs the fuel preheating time, adjusts the first flow valve 5, controls the fuel quantity preheated in the mixer 8, and the temperature sensor 7 arranged in the mixer 8 provides the temperature in the mixer 8 for the ECU, so that the temperature in the mixer is controlled to be maintained at 300 ℃;
controlling the flow of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer 8, the second flow valve 11 is adjusted to control the integral equivalence ratio in the mixer to be 0.4; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is improved to be not higher than 10% of the heat value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is converted into a high-activity reformate (hydrogen-rich gas) which is led into a main combustion chamber of the engine, and the concentration and the activity stratified combustion of mixed gas are realized by combining with the direct injection fresh fuel in the cylinder of the engine. Because the particle fire of the high-activity free radical substance has short combustion lag period and is easier to ignite, the particle fire interacts with direct injection fuel in a cylinder to promote ignition, the combustion stability under the condition of low speed and small load is ensured, and the small-load operation area is expanded.
When the engine load is 80% or more of the rated power, as shown in fig. 3, the flow rate of the fuel reforming circuit is controlled: the ECU adjusts the first flow valve 3 to reduce the fuel quantity entering the preheating chamber and shorten the fuel preheating time, adjusts the first flow valve 5 to control the fuel quantity entering the mixer 8 after preheating, and a temperature sensor 7 arranged in the mixer 8 provides the temperature in the mixer 8 for the ECU, so that the temperature in the mixer is controlled to be maintained at 200 ℃;
controlling the flow of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer 8, the second flow valve 11 is adjusted to control the integral equivalence ratio in the mixer to be 0.4; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is reduced to be not higher than 10% of the calorific value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is reformed into low-activity reformate (aldehydes, acetone and the like) which is then introduced into a main combustion chamber of an engine to participate in combustion. Because the activity of the reformed gas mixture is reduced and the ignition and combustion-delaying period is long, the high-efficiency clean combustion of the coupling control of the activity and the concentration of the gas mixture is realized by mixing the reformed gas mixture with the direct injection high-activity fuel.
Example 2
The structure of embodiment 2 is the same as that of embodiment 1, and the same contents are not repeated, and only the differences are described below.
The control method for the engine system with the external fuel pretreatment device to work under the following working conditions comprises the following steps:
the second flow valve 11 between the mixer 8 and the oxygen generator 13 is controlled to adjust the amount of oxygen entering the mixer, and the first flow valves 3 and 5 are controlled to adjust the amount of fuel entering the fuel preheating chamber 4 and the amount of preheated fuel entering the mixer.
The specific operation is as follows: and when the cold start working condition of the engine or the load of the engine is below 50% of the rated power, controlling the flow of the fuel oil reforming loop: the ECU adjusts the first flow valve 3 to increase the fuel quantity entering the fuel preheating chamber 4, prolongs the fuel preheating time, adjusts the first flow valve 5, controls the fuel quantity preheated in the mixer 8, and the temperature sensor 7 arranged in the mixer 8 provides the temperature in the mixer 8 for the ECU, so that the temperature in the mixer is controlled to be maintained at 420 ℃;
controlling the flow of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer 8, the second flow valve 11 is adjusted to control the integral equivalence ratio in the mixer to be 0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is increased to be not higher than 10% of the calorific value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is converted into a high-activity reformate (hydrogen-rich gas) which is introduced into a main combustion chamber of the engine.
When the engine load is more than 80% of rated power, the flow of the fuel reforming loop is controlled as follows: the ECU adjusts the first flow valve 3 to reduce the fuel quantity entering the preheating chamber and shorten the fuel preheating time, adjusts the first flow valve 5 to control the fuel quantity entering the mixer 8 after preheating, and a temperature sensor 7 arranged in the mixer 8 provides the temperature in the mixer 8 for the ECU, so that the temperature in the mixer is controlled to be maintained at 270 ℃;
controlling the flow of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer 8, the second flow valve 11 is adjusted to control the integral equivalence ratio in the mixer to be 0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is reduced to be not higher than 10% of the calorific value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is reformed into low-activity reformate (aldehydes, acetone and the like) which is then introduced into a main combustion chamber of the engine to participate in combustion.
In summary, the present invention proposes to utilize a set of internal plasma fuel reforming and external fuel pretreatment devices to generate reformate in different oxidation stages according to the actual working conditions of the engine, and the reforming system is not added with a catalyst. The invention is different from other corresponding fuel reforming technical schemes in that intermediate products in different reforming oxidation stages are obtained by controlling the boundary conditions of reforming oxidation reaction according to different working condition requirements. The activity of the intermediate product is reduced after the fuel is reformed, the intermediate product in different oxidation stages is sprayed into the cylinder and carries out combustion reaction with fresh air entering from the air inlet and fresh fuel directly sprayed in the cylinder, so that an efficient clean combustion mode with layered control of activity and concentration is realized by only adopting a single fuel, and the adjustable control of a combustion reaction path is realized.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. An external fuel pretreatment device is characterized by comprising a fuel pump (1), a fuel oil preheating chamber (4), a mixer (8) and an oxygen generator (13) which are connected in sequence; wherein, all the elements are connected through pipelines; metal nanoparticles are blended in the fuel pump (1); the outer wall of the fuel oil preheating chamber (4) is covered by a heat exchanger (34), the inlet of the heat exchanger (34) is communicated with the exhaust pipe (31), and the outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a second exhaust port (35) for passing the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the engine through the heat exchanger (34) so as to heat the fuel in the fuel oil preheating chamber (4);
the mixing device (8) comprises a first inlet (36), a second inlet (37), a liquid outlet (38), an ultrasonic generator (10), a temperature sensor (7) and a pressure sensor (9), wherein the first inlet (36) is communicated with the fuel oil preheating chamber (4) through a pipeline and used for flowing in heated fuel, the second inlet is communicated with the oxygen generator (13) through a pipeline and used for flowing in oxygen from the oxygen generator (13), the oxygen from the oxygen generator (13) and the fuel oil in the fuel oil preheating chamber (4) are uniformly mixed in the mixing device (8), and the ultrasonic generator (10) positioned in the mixing device (8) uniformly mixes metal nanoparticles in the fuel oil with the fuel oil to obtain a mixture; the mixture flows into the fuel inlet pipe (15) through the liquid outlet (38); and a temperature sensor (7) and a pressure sensor (9) in the mixer (8) are used for providing temperature and pressure values in the mixer for an ECU of an engine, and the ECU controls the boundary conditions of the reaction of fuel oil and oxygen in the mixer according to numerical values so as to discharge partial intermediate products or complete oxidation products in different oxidation stages.
2. The external fuel pretreatment device according to claim 1, wherein the fuel pump (1), the fuel preheating chamber (4) and the mixer (8) are connected through oil pipes (2, 6), a first flow valve (3, 5) is arranged between every two elements, the mixer (8) and the oxygen generator (13) are connected through an air pipe (12) and a second flow valve (11), and each flow valve is used for ECU (electronic control Unit) to regulate the amount of the inflowing fuel and the inflow time.
3. The external fuel pretreatment device according to claim 1, wherein the fuel pump (1) is doped with metal nanoparticles Al 2 O 3 。
4. An engine system comprising the external fuel pretreatment device of claim 1, comprising an engine, an external fuel pretreatment device, and a fuel injection device; the external fuel preprocessing device is used for providing a uniformly mixed fuel oil and oxygen mixture for the fuel injection device, wherein the fuel oil is heated by the waste heat of an engine; the fuel injection device comprises a main fuel injection device (30) arranged on a cylinder head, a plasma fuel reformer and a spark plug (29); the exhaust pipe (31) is divided into two paths, one path of exhaust pipe passes through an exhaust control valve (33) and then reaches a first exhaust port (32) for directly discharging exhaust gas of the engine, and the other path of exhaust pipe passes through another exhaust control valve (33) and then enters a heat exchanger (34) and then discharges the exhaust gas of the engine from a second exhaust port (35);
the main fuel injection device (30) is arranged to be able to supply fuel to the interior of the main combustion chamber (302) in an arbitrary amount at an arbitrary timing; the main fuel injection device comprises a second nozzle (301) and an oil injector, wherein the second nozzle (301) extends into the main combustion chamber (302) and is used for injecting fresh fuel into the main combustion chamber (302);
the plasma fuel reformer is used for supplying reformed fuel to the main combustion chamber (302), and comprises an electrode (16), an insulator (17), an ionization chamber (20) and a first nozzle (22); the ionization chamber (20) is provided with a cavity for ionizing and reforming the fuel and the gas in the cavity to form reformed fuel; the chamber wall of the ionization chamber (20) is surrounded by a grounding electrode (18), the grounding electrode (18) is made of stainless steel materials, and the grounding electrode adopts a direct grounding mode; the side wall of the ionization chamber (20) extends into the tail end of an oil pump (19), the other end of the oil pump (19) is connected with the tail end of a fuel sample inlet pipe (15) and is used for guiding a mixture containing nano particles prepared by the external fuel pretreatment device into the ionization chamber (20) through the fuel sample inlet pipe (15) and the oil pump (19), an insulator (17) is arranged at the top of the ionization chamber (20), the electrode (16) is inserted into the insulator (17), two ends of the electrode (16) extend out of the insulator (17), one end of the electrode is exposed out of a cylinder cover, and the other end of the electrode extends into the ionization chamber (20) and is used for generating an electric arc (21); the bottom of the ionization chamber (20) is provided with a first nozzle (22);
the first nozzle (22) of the plasma fuel reformer and the bottom of the spark plug (29) all extend into the main combustion chamber (302), so that the reformed fuel, the fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection device 30 and the fresh air entering from the air inlet pipe (23) are combusted in the main combustion chamber (302) in a combined manner.
5. The engine system of claim 4, wherein the first nozzle (22) of the plasma fuel reformer and the tip of the spark plug extend into the prechamber (24) for precombustion, and enter the main combustion chamber (302) through the flame path (25) to be combusted in combination with the fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection means (30).
6. The engine system of claim 4, characterized in that a drop sprayer (26) is connected to the bottom of the second nozzle (301) to spray the fuel sprayed into the main combustion chamber in atomized form.
7. The control method of an engine system according to claim 4,
aiming at the condition of cold start of an engine or when the load of the engine is below 50% of rated power, controlling the flow of a fuel reforming loop, adjusting a first flow valve (3) to increase the fuel quantity entering a fuel preheating chamber (4) and prolong the fuel preheating time, adjusting a first flow valve (5) to control the fuel quantity entering a mixer (8) for preheating, and controlling the temperature in the mixer to be maintained at 300-420 ℃; controlling the flow of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer (8), the second flow valve (11) is adjusted to control the integral equivalence ratio in the mixer to be within the range of 0.4-0.5; increasing the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer to be not higher than 10% of the calorific value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is converted into a high-activity reformate, and the reformate is introduced into a main combustion chamber (302) of the engine to participate in combustion;
when the engine load is more than 80% of rated power, the flow of the fuel reforming loop is controlled as follows: adjusting the first flow valve (3) to reduce the fuel quantity entering the preheating chamber and shorten the fuel preheating time, adjusting the first flow valve (5) to control the fuel quantity entering the mixer (8) after preheating, and controlling the temperature in the mixer to be maintained at 200-270 ℃;
controlling the flow of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer (8), the second flow valve (11) is adjusted to control the integral equivalence ratio in the mixer to be within the range of 0.4-0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is reduced to be not higher than 10% of the calorific value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is reformed into a low-activity reformate which is then introduced into a main combustion chamber (302) of the engine to participate in combustion.
CN202210549156.XA 2022-05-20 2022-05-20 External fuel pretreatment device, engine system and control method thereof Active CN114893330B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5564402A (en) * 1991-01-17 1996-10-15 Ppv-Verwaltungs-Ag Arrangement for the pressure atomization of liquid fuel and process for the same
CN103291505A (en) * 2013-06-26 2013-09-11 北京科技大学 Ultrasound and oxygen-enriched combustion device and working method thereof
JP2014058412A (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-04-03 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel modifying/feeding system
CN106704048A (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-05-24 天津大学 Device for reforming fuel at low temperature through exhaust gas residual heat of engine
CN111997747A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-27 北京工业大学 Zero-emission compression ignition type two-stroke rotor machine capable of recycling oxygen and control method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5564402A (en) * 1991-01-17 1996-10-15 Ppv-Verwaltungs-Ag Arrangement for the pressure atomization of liquid fuel and process for the same
JP2014058412A (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-04-03 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel modifying/feeding system
CN103291505A (en) * 2013-06-26 2013-09-11 北京科技大学 Ultrasound and oxygen-enriched combustion device and working method thereof
CN106704048A (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-05-24 天津大学 Device for reforming fuel at low temperature through exhaust gas residual heat of engine
CN111997747A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-27 北京工业大学 Zero-emission compression ignition type two-stroke rotor machine capable of recycling oxygen and control method thereof

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