CN114893330B - External fuel pretreatment device, engine system and control method thereof - Google Patents

External fuel pretreatment device, engine system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114893330B
CN114893330B CN202210549156.XA CN202210549156A CN114893330B CN 114893330 B CN114893330 B CN 114893330B CN 202210549156 A CN202210549156 A CN 202210549156A CN 114893330 B CN114893330 B CN 114893330B
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fuel
mixer
engine
chamber
oxygen
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CN114893330A (en
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王洋
卢旭
张宇新
刘龙
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
    • F02M27/042—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism by plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/08—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by sonic or ultrasonic waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an external fuel pretreatment device, an engine system and a control method, wherein the pretreatment device comprises a fuel pump, a fuel preheating chamber, a mixer and an oxygen generator which are sequentially connected; the fuel pump is doped with metal nano particles; the outer wall of the fuel preheating chamber is covered by a heat exchanger and is used for heating fuel by using waste heat of waste gas; the mixer comprises an ultrasonic generator and a temperature sensor, and is used for mixing fuel oil and oxygen and mixing metal nano particles in the fuel oil and the fuel oil; the engine system includes an engine, an external fuel pretreatment device, and a fuel injection device including a main fuel injection device, a plasma fuel reformer, and a spark plug. The engine system of the invention can adjust the external fuel pretreatment device to control the boundary condition of the reaction of the fuel and the oxygen during cold start and high load, thereby discharging partial intermediate products or complete oxidation products of different oxidation stages.

Description

External fuel pretreatment device, engine system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of combustion optimization of internal combustion engines, and particularly relates to an external fuel pretreatment device, an engine system and a control method thereof.
Background
Transportation is a major source of global fuel consumption. According to the recommendations of the united states inter-government climate change committee (IPCC), global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must be reduced by 50% -85% from the emissions levels recorded in 2000 by 2050. This will result in limiting the long term global heating to 2.0-2.4 degrees celsius. However, recent studies have shown that climate change is faster than previously expected, and that even 50% reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 may not be sufficient. In order to achieve the greenhouse gas emission goal and reduce the dependence on petroleum, the overall energy consumption of road vehicles must be greatly reduced, and the main challenge to achieve this goal is to reduce the carbon emissions of automobiles without damaging traffic patterns and population flows. Scientists around the world have therefore successively proposed a number of new combustion modes including Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), partially Premixed Combustion (PPC), and active control homogeneous charge compression ignition (RCCI), which are essentially combustion reaction paths for changing fuel by controlling combustion boundary conditions or fuel properties to achieve efficient energy savings, fuel reforming is an important approach to reduce irreversible losses and achieve combustion reaction path control, and by optimizing the chemical reaction path during engine combustion, overall losses can be reduced from 30.90% to 16.86% at maximum, while thermal efficiency can be increased from 36.8% to 44.9%.
The research on fuel reforming at the present stage is often focused on converting fuel into hydrogen-rich gas mixture, mainly including catalytic reforming combustion, plasma reforming combustion, autothermal reforming, partial oxidation reforming, and the like. The effect of hydrogen addition (produced by exhaust gas reforming) on the combustion efficiency of fuel and its emissions was studied on a direct in-cylinder injection gasoline engine by Fennell et al, and the results showed that: the hydrogen obtained by the exhaust gas reforming can improve the indication efficiency of the engine and reduce the particulate emissions. Tsolakis et al, by diesel on-board biodiesel (a mixture of ultra-low sulfur diesel and rapeseed oil at 50% by volume respectively), showed that: the fuel consumption of biodiesel is reduced by 3% by adding the exhaust reformate to the fuel, while the EGR threshold of bioethanol is widened. Horng et al have experimentally confirmed that converting fuel into a hydrogen-rich mixture using a plasma fuel reformer and using this mixture as fuel can reduce the concentration of NOx in the exhaust gas. In fact, the novel combustion mode of fuel reforming can achieve the effect of a dual-fuel combustion strategy by using only one fuel, namely, the fuel is reformed into substances with different activities and then mixed with fresh fuel for combustion, and the mixture activity and concentration layering can be achieved, so that the combustion state of the engine is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an external fuel pretreatment device, an engine system and a control method thereof. The engine of the engine system is provided with a main fuel injection device and a plasma fuel reformer, and reformed fuel in the plasma fuel reformer is injected into the engine through a nozzle and burnt in a cylinder together with air of an air inlet and fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection device. Under different working conditions, the engine can discharge fuels with different activities in different oxidation stages by controlling corresponding reforming reaction conditions of the built-in reformer, and then the mixed gas activity and concentration layering in the cylinder can be realized by combining the fuels directly injected by the fuel injector in the cylinder of the engine, so that the reaction path of the fuel combustion reaction is changed, and the high-efficiency clean combustion range can be effectively widened.
The first object of the invention is to provide an external fuel pretreatment device, which comprises a fuel pump, a fuel preheating chamber, a mixer and an oxygen generator which are connected in sequence; wherein the components are connected through pipelines; the fuel pump is doped with metal nano particles; the outer wall of the fuel preheating chamber is covered by a heat exchanger, the inlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the exhaust pipe, the outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the second exhaust port, and the heat exchanger is used for passing waste heat of exhaust gas of the engine through the heat exchanger so as to heat fuel in the fuel preheating chamber;
the mixing device comprises a mixing device, a fuel preheating chamber, an oxygen generator, a fuel mixing device, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a liquid discharging port, an ultrasonic generator, a temperature sensor and a liquid discharging port, wherein the first inlet is communicated with the fuel preheating chamber through a pipeline and is used for flowing in heated fuel; the mixture flows into the fuel feed pipe through the liquid outlet; and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor in the mixer are used for providing temperature and pressure values in the mixer to the ECU, and the ECU controls boundary conditions of the reaction of fuel and oxygen in the mixer according to the numerical value so as to discharge partial intermediate products or complete oxidation products of different oxidation stages.
Further, the fuel pump, the fuel preheating chamber and the mixer are connected through oil pipes, a first flow valve is arranged between every two of the fuel preheating chamber and the mixer, the mixer is connected with the oxygen generator through an air pipe and a second flow valve, and each flow valve is used for regulating and controlling the amount of fuel flowing in and the inflow time of the fuel.
Further, the fuel pump is doped with metal nano-particle Al 2 O 3 。
The second object of the invention is to provide an engine system comprising the external fuel pretreatment device, which comprises an engine, the external fuel pretreatment device and a fuel injection device; the external fuel pretreatment device is used for providing a uniformly mixed fuel and oxygen mixture for the fuel injection device, wherein the fuel is heated by engine waste heat; the fuel injection device comprises a main fuel injection device, a plasma fuel reformer and a spark plug, wherein the main fuel injection device, the plasma fuel reformer and the spark plug are arranged on the cylinder cover; the exhaust pipe is divided into two paths, one path of exhaust pipe passes through an exhaust control valve and then reaches a first exhaust port to directly exhaust the exhaust gas of the engine, and the other path of exhaust pipe passes through another exhaust control valve and then enters a heat exchanger and then is exhausted from a second exhaust port;
the main fuel injection device is arranged to be able to supply fuel to the inside of the main combustion chamber in an arbitrary amount at an arbitrary timing; the main fuel injection device comprises a second nozzle and an oil sprayer, wherein the second nozzle extends into the main combustion chamber and is used for injecting fresh fuel into the main combustion chamber;
the plasma fuel reformer is used for supplying reformed fuel to the main combustion chamber and comprises an electrode, an insulator, an ionization chamber and a first nozzle; the ionization chamber has a cavity for ionization reforming of fuel and gas therein to form reformed fuel; the wall of the ionization chamber is surrounded by a grounding electrode, the grounding electrode is made of stainless steel materials, and the grounding electrode is directly grounded; the side wall of the ionization chamber stretches into the tail end of an oil pump, the other end of the oil pump is connected with the tail end of a fuel inlet pipe and is used for guiding a mixture containing nano particles prepared by the external fuel pretreatment device into the ionization chamber through the fuel inlet pipe and the oil pump, an insulator is arranged at the top of the ionization chamber, the electrode is inserted into the insulator, two ends of the electrode stretch out of the insulator, one end of the electrode is exposed out of a cylinder cover, and the other end of the electrode stretches into the ionization chamber and is used for generating electric arcs; the bottom of the ionization chamber is provided with a first nozzle;
the first nozzle of the plasma fuel reformer and the bottom of the spark plug extend into the main combustion chamber, so that reformed fuel, fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection device and fresh air entering by the air inlet pipe are combusted in the main combustion chamber in a combined way.
Further, the first nozzle of the plasma fuel reformer and the tail end of the spark plug extend into the precombustion chamber to precombuste, and enter the main combustion chamber through the flame channel to be combusted in combination with fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection device.
Further, the bottom of the second nozzle is connected with an oil drop sprayer, so that the fuel sprayed into the main combustion chamber is sprayed into the main combustion chamber of the engine in an atomization mode.
The control method of the engine system with the external fuel processing device comprises the following steps:
controlling the flow of a fuel reforming loop when the cold start working condition of the engine or the load of the engine is below 50% of rated power, adjusting a first flow valve to increase the amount of fuel entering a fuel preheating chamber and prolong the fuel preheating time, adjusting the first flow valve to control the amount of fuel entering a mixer after preheating, and controlling the temperature in the mixer to be maintained at 300-420 ℃; controlling the flow rate of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer, regulating the second flow valve to control the overall equivalence ratio in the mixer to be in the range of 0.4-0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is improved to be not higher than 10% of the heat value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is converted into a high-activity reformate which is introduced into a main combustion chamber of an engine to be subjected to combustion;
controlling the flow rate of the fuel reforming circuit when the engine load is more than 80% of rated power: the first flow valve is regulated to reduce the fuel quantity entering the preheating chamber and shorten the fuel preheating time, and the first flow valve is regulated to control the preheated fuel quantity entering the mixer, and the temperature in the mixer is controlled to be maintained at 200-270 ℃;
controlling the flow rate of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer, regulating the second flow valve to control the overall equivalence ratio in the mixer to be in the range of 0.4-0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is reduced to be not higher than 10% of the heat value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is reformed into low-activity reformate, and then the low-activity reformate is introduced into a main combustion chamber of an engine for combustion.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to an ionization reforming method based on engine fuel, which consists of a fuel built-in ionization reformer and an engine external fuel pretreatment system. The invention realizes the ionization reforming of fuel, and also can realize the mixed gas concentration layering and the active layering combustion in the engine cylinder, and does not need a catalyst, thereby enabling the engine to run more efficiently and energy-effectively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an engine system according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a control method of the engine system of the present invention for engine cold start conditions or loads below 50% of rated power;
fig. 3 shows a control method of the engine system according to the present invention when the engine load is 80% or more of the rated power.
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
1: fuel pumps 2,6: oil pipe 3,5: first flow valve
4: fuel preheating chamber 7: temperature sensor 8: mixing device
9: pressure sensor 10: ultrasonic generator 12: air pipe
10: a second air pump 11: second flow valve 12: reformed gas intake pump
13: oxygen generator 14: third flow valve 15: a fuel inlet tube; 16: an electrode;
17: an insulator; 18: a ground electrode; 19: an oil pump;
20: ionization chamber 21: arc 22: first nozzle
23: the intake pipe 24: prechamber 25: flame passage
26: oil droplet atomizer 27: cylinder wall
28: a piston 29: spark plug 30: main fuel injection device
301: second nozzle 302: main combustion chamber 31: exhaust pipe
32: first exhaust port 33: exhaust control valve
34: heat exchanger 35: second exhaust port
36: first inlet 37: second inlet 38: liquid outlet
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, an engine system includes an engine, an external fuel pretreatment device, and a fuel injection device. The external fuel pretreatment device is used for providing a uniformly mixed fuel and oxygen mixture for the engine, wherein the fuel is heated by the waste heat of the engine; the fuel injection device includes a main fuel injection device provided on a cylinder head, a plasma fuel reformer, and a spark plug. The engine exhaust system further comprises an external air inlet pipe 23, one end of the external air inlet pipe is communicated with an engine air inlet and used for providing fresh air for the engine, and one end of the external air inlet pipe is communicated with an engine air outlet, the exhaust pipe 31 is divided into two paths, one path of exhaust pipe passes through an exhaust control valve 33 and then reaches a first exhaust port 32 to directly exhaust the exhaust gas of the engine, and the other path of exhaust pipe passes through the other exhaust control valve 33 and then enters a heat exchanger 34 and then is exhausted from a second exhaust port 35.
The external fuel pretreatment device comprises a fuel pump 1, a fuel preheating chamber 4, a mixer 8 and an oxygen generator 13 which are connected in sequence; the fuel pump 1, the fuel preheating chamber 4 and the mixer 8 are connected through oil pipes 2 and 6, and first flow valves 3 and 5 are arranged between every two components and used for regulating and controlling the amount of fuel and inflow time of the inflow through the ECU; the mixer 8 is connected with the oxygen generator 13 through an air pipe 12 and a second flow valve 11; the fuel pump 1 is doped with nano-particle Al 2 O 3 For reducing electrode polarization in subsequent ionization operations; the outer wall of the fuel preheating chamber 4 is covered by a heat exchanger 34, the inlet of the heat exchanger 34 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 31, and the outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the second exhaust port 35, so that the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the engine can pass through the heat exchanger 34 to heat the fuel in the fuel preheating chamber 4.
The mixer 8 comprises a first inlet 36, a second inlet 37, a liquid outlet 38, an ultrasonic generator 10, a temperature sensor 7 and a pressure sensor 9, wherein the first inlet is communicated with the fuel preheating chamber 4 through an oil pipe 6 and is used for flowing in heated fuel, the second inlet is communicated with the oxygen generator 13 through an air pipe 12 and is used for flowing in oxygen from the oxygen generator 13, the oxygen from the oxygen generator 13 and the fuel in the fuel preheating chamber 4 are uniformly mixed in the mixer 8, and the ultrasonic generator 10 positioned in the mixer 8 uniformly mixes metal nano particles in the fuel and the fuel to obtain a mixture, and the mixture flows into the fuel inlet pipe 15 after passing through the liquid outlet 38 and a third flow valve 14. The temperature sensor 7 and the pressure sensor 9 in the mixer 8 are used for providing temperature and pressure values in the mixer to an ECU of the engine, and the ECU controls boundary conditions of the reaction of fuel and oxygen in the mixer according to numerical values so as to discharge partial intermediate products or complete oxidation products of different oxidation stages.
The fuel injection device includes a main fuel injection device 30 provided on the cylinder head, a plasma fuel reformer, and a spark plug 29. The main fuel injection device 30 is configured to supply fuel to the main combustion chamber 302, and the plasma fuel reformer is configured to supply reformed fuel to the main combustion chamber 302. The main fuel injection device is configured to be able to supply fuel to the inside of the cylinder in an arbitrary amount at an arbitrary timing; the main fuel injection device comprises a second nozzle 301 and a fuel injector, wherein the second nozzle 301 extends into the main combustion chamber 302 for injecting fresh fuel into the main combustion chamber 302.
The plasma fuel reformer includes an electrode 16, an insulator 17, an ionization chamber 20, and a first nozzle 22; the ionization chamber 20 has a cavity for ionization reforming of fuel and gas therein to form reformed fuel; the wall of the ionization chamber 20 is surrounded by a grounding electrode 18, the grounding electrode 18 is made of stainless steel material, and the grounding electrode adopts a direct grounding mode; the side wall of the ionization chamber 20 extends into the tail end of an oil pump 19, the other end of the oil pump 19 is connected with the tail end of a fuel feeding pipe 15, the gas mixture containing nano particles in the fuel feeding pipe 15 is led into the ionization chamber 20 through the oil pump 19, an insulator 17 is arranged at the top of the ionization chamber 20, the electrode 16 is inserted into the insulator 17, two ends of the electrode 16 extend out of the insulator 17, one end of the electrode is exposed out of a cylinder cover, and the other end of the electrode extends into the ionization chamber 20, so that an electric arc 21 is generated; the energy of the electrode is less than 10% of the calorific value of the fuel; the bottom of the ionization chamber 20 is provided with a first nozzle 22, which first nozzle 22 protrudes into a prechamber 24 for injecting reformed fuel into the prechamber. And the bottom of the spark plug 29 extends into the precombustion chamber 24, so that the reformed fuel is precombusted in the precombustion chamber, enters the main combustion chamber 302 through the flame channel 25 and is combusted in combination with the fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection device 30.
As a further optimization of this embodiment, the bottom of the second nozzle 301 is connected to an oil droplet sprayer 26, so that the fuel injected into the main combustion chamber of the engine is injected into the main combustion chamber of the engine in an atomized form, and is mixed with the reformed fuel injected by the plasma fuel reformer for combustion, so as to form a mixture activity and concentration stratification.
Alternatively, the nozzles of the main fuel injection device 30 and the plasma fuel reformer each extend into the main combustion chamber 302, and the bottom of the spark plug 29 extends into the main combustion chamber 302.
The reforming circuit trend is as follows:
the initial fuel enters a fuel preheating chamber 4 through an oil pipe 2 and a first flow valve 3 at a constant speed by a fuel pump 1, is heated by waste heat of engine exhaust gas, and is introduced into a mixer 8 through the first flow valve 5 and the oil pipe 6 to be uniformly mixed with oxygen, wherein the oxygen comes from an oxygen generator 13, enters the mixer 8 through an air pipe 12 and a second flow valve 11; at the same time, an ultrasonic generator 10 is installed inside the mixer for promoting fuel and Al 2 O 3 Mixing of the nanoparticles, the mixed fuel is regulated by a third flow valve 14, is guided into an oil pump 19 through a fuel inlet pipe 15, and is pumped into an ionization chamber 20 by the oil pump 19; after the ionization chamber is arc ionized, enters the first nozzle 22. The oxygen circuit is fed by an oxygen generator 13, and oxygen enters the mixer 8 through an air pipe 12 under the control of a second flow valve 11 to be mixed with the heated fuel.
The flow control of the reforming circuit and the oxygen circuit is achieved by means of a first flow valve 3,5 and a second flow valve 11, respectively. The reformed fuel is injected into the precombustion chamber 24 through the first nozzle 22 for precombustion under the action of the spark plug, then enters the main combustion chamber 302 of the engine through the flame channel 25, and realizes the mixed gas activity and concentration layering work with the fresh fuel directly injected by the main fuel injection device 30 and the fresh air entering the air inlet pipe 23.
The control method for the engine system with the external fuel pretreatment device provided by the invention is as follows when the engine system works under the following working conditions:
the second flow valve 11 between the mixer 8 and the oxygenerator 13 is controlled to regulate the amount of oxygen entering the mixer, while the first flow valves 3,5 are controlled to regulate the amount of fuel entering the fuel preheating chamber 4 and the amount of fuel entering the mixer after preheating.
The specific operation is as follows: when the engine cold start condition or the engine load is below 50% of rated power, as shown in fig. 2, the flow rate of the fuel reforming loop is controlled: the ECU adjusts the first flow valve 3 to increase the amount of fuel entering the fuel preheating chamber 4, prolongs the fuel preheating time, adjusts the first flow valve 5, controls the amount of fuel entering the mixer 8 after preheating, and the temperature sensor 7 arranged in the mixer 8 provides the temperature in the mixer 8 for the ECU, so that the temperature in the mixer is controlled to be maintained at 300 ℃;
controlling the flow rate of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer 8, regulating the second flow valve 11 to control the overall equivalence ratio in the mixer to be 0.4; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is improved to be not higher than 10% of the heat value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is converted into a high-activity reformed product (hydrogen-rich gas), the high-activity reformed product is led into a main combustion chamber of an engine, and then the mixed gas concentration and the activity stratified combustion are realized by combining the fresh fuel directly injected into an engine cylinder. Because the ignition and flame retarding period of the high-activity free radical substance is short, the ignition is easier, the ignition is promoted by the interaction with the direct injection fuel in the cylinder, and the stability of combustion under the low-speed and small-load condition is ensured, so that the small-load operation area is expanded.
When the engine load is 80% or more of the rated power, as shown in fig. 3, the flow rate of the fuel reforming circuit is controlled: the ECU adjusts the first flow valve 3 to reduce the amount of fuel entering the preheating chamber, shortens the fuel preheating time, adjusts the first flow valve 5 to control the amount of preheated fuel entering the mixer 8, and the temperature sensor 7 arranged in the mixer 8 provides the temperature in the mixer 8 for the ECU to control the temperature in the mixer to be maintained at 200 ℃;
controlling the flow rate of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer 8, regulating the second flow valve 11 to control the overall equivalence ratio in the mixer to be 0.4; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is reduced to be not higher than 10% of the heat value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is reformed into low-activity reformate (aldehydes, acetone and the like) and then is introduced into a main combustion chamber of an engine to be subjected to combustion. Because the activity of the reformed mixed gas is reduced, the ignition and flame-retarding period is long, and the high-efficiency clean combustion of the coupled control of the activity and concentration of the mixed gas is realized by mixing the reformed mixed gas with the in-cylinder direct injection high-activity fuel.
Example 2
The structure of embodiment 2 is the same as that of embodiment 1, and the same contents are not repeated, and only differences are described below.
The control method for the engine system with the external fuel pretreatment device provided by the invention is as follows when the engine system works under the following working conditions:
the second flow valve 11 between the mixer 8 and the oxygenerator 13 is controlled to regulate the amount of oxygen entering the mixer, while the first flow valves 3,5 are controlled to regulate the amount of fuel entering the fuel preheating chamber 4 and the amount of fuel entering the mixer after preheating.
The specific operation is as follows: controlling the flow rate of the fuel reforming loop when the cold start working condition of the engine or the load of the engine is below 50% of rated power: the ECU adjusts the first flow valve 3 to increase the fuel quantity entering the fuel preheating chamber 4, prolongs the fuel preheating time, adjusts the first flow valve 5, controls the fuel quantity entering the mixer 8 after preheating, and the temperature sensor 7 arranged in the mixer 8 provides the temperature in the mixer 8 for the ECU, so as to control the temperature in the mixer to be maintained at 420 ℃;
controlling the flow rate of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer 8, regulating the second flow valve 11 to control the overall equivalence ratio in the mixer to be 0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is increased to be not higher than 10% of the heat value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is converted into a high-activity reformed product (hydrogen-rich gas) and is led into a main combustion chamber of an engine.
Controlling the flow rate of the fuel reforming circuit when the engine load is more than 80% of rated power: the ECU adjusts the first flow valve 3 to reduce the amount of fuel entering the preheating chamber, shortens the fuel preheating time, adjusts the first flow valve 5 to control the amount of preheated fuel entering the mixer 8, and the temperature sensor 7 arranged in the mixer 8 provides the temperature in the mixer 8 for the ECU to control the temperature in the mixer to be maintained at 270 ℃;
controlling the flow rate of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer 8, regulating the second flow valve 11 to control the overall equivalence ratio in the mixer to be 0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is reduced to be not higher than 10% of the heat value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is reformed into low-activity reformate (aldehydes, acetone and the like) and then is led into a main combustion chamber of an engine to be used for combustion.
In summary, the invention proposes to utilize a set of internal plasma fuel reforming and external fuel pretreatment device to generate reformate in different oxidation stages according to the actual working condition of the engine, and the reforming system does not add any catalyst. The method has the greatest difference with other corresponding fuel reforming technical schemes in that intermediate products of different reforming oxidation stages are obtained by controlling reforming oxidation reaction boundary conditions according to different working condition requirements. The activity of the reformed intermediate product is reduced, the intermediate products in different oxidation stages are sprayed into the cylinder and are subjected to combustion reaction with fresh air entering through the air inlet and fresh fuel directly sprayed into the cylinder, so that an efficient clean combustion mode of layered control of the activity and the concentration is realized by only adopting a single fuel, and the adjustable control of a combustion reaction path is realized.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the appended claims, which are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An external fuel pretreatment device is characterized by comprising a fuel pump (1), a fuel preheating chamber (4), a mixer (8) and an oxygen generator (13) which are connected in sequence; wherein the components are connected through pipelines; -blending metal nanoparticles in the fuel pump (1); the outer wall of the fuel preheating chamber (4) is covered by a heat exchanger (34), the inlet of the heat exchanger (34) is communicated with an exhaust pipe (31), and the outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a second exhaust port (35) for passing the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the engine through the heat exchanger (34) so as to heat the fuel in the fuel preheating chamber (4);
the mixer (8) comprises a first inlet (36), a second inlet (37), a liquid outlet (38), an ultrasonic generator (10), a temperature sensor (7) and a pressure sensor (9), wherein the first inlet (36) is communicated with the fuel preheating chamber (4) through a pipeline and is used for flowing in heated fuel, the second inlet is communicated with the oxygen generator (13) through a pipeline and is used for flowing in oxygen from the oxygen generator (13), the oxygen from the oxygen generator (13) and the fuel of the fuel preheating chamber (4) are uniformly mixed in the mixer (8), and metal nano particles in the fuel and the fuel are uniformly mixed by the ultrasonic generator (10) positioned in the mixer (8), so that a mixture is obtained; the mixture flows into the fuel feed pipe (15) through the liquid outlet (38); and a temperature sensor (7) and a pressure sensor (9) in the mixer (8) are used for providing temperature and pressure values in the mixer to an ECU of the engine, and the ECU controls boundary conditions of the reaction of fuel and oxygen in the mixer according to numerical values so as to discharge partial intermediate products or complete oxidation products of different oxidation stages.
2. The external fuel pretreatment device according to claim 1, wherein the fuel pump (1), the fuel preheating chamber (4) and the mixer (8) are connected through oil pipes (2, 6), and a first flow valve (3, 5) is arranged between the fuel pump (1) and the fuel preheating chamber (4) and between the fuel preheating chamber (4) and the mixer (8), and the mixer (8) and the oxygen generator (13) are connected through an air pipe (12) and a second flow valve (11), and each flow valve is used for regulating and controlling the inflow fuel quantity and inflow time by the ECU.
3. The external fuel pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel pump (1) is doped with metal nanoparticles Al 2 O 3 。
4. An engine system comprising the external fuel pretreatment device of claim 1, comprising an engine, the external fuel pretreatment device, and a fuel injection device; the external fuel pretreatment device is used for providing a uniformly mixed fuel and oxygen mixture for the fuel injection device, wherein the fuel is heated by engine waste heat; the fuel injection device comprises a main fuel injection device (30), a plasma fuel reformer and a spark plug (29) which are arranged on the cylinder cover; the engine exhaust system further comprises an external air inlet pipe (23), one end of the external air inlet pipe is communicated with an engine air inlet and used for providing fresh air for the engine, and one end of the external air inlet pipe is communicated with an engine air outlet, the exhaust pipe (31) is divided into two paths, one path of exhaust pipe passes through an exhaust control valve (33) and then reaches a first exhaust port (32) to directly exhaust the exhaust gas of the engine, and the other path of exhaust pipe passes through another exhaust control valve (33) and then enters a heat exchanger (34) and then is exhausted from a second exhaust port (35);
the main fuel injection device (30) is arranged to be able to supply fuel to the inside of the main combustion chamber (302) in an arbitrary amount at an arbitrary timing; the main fuel injection device comprises a second nozzle (301) and an oil injector, wherein the second nozzle (301) extends into the main combustion chamber (302) and is used for injecting fresh fuel into the main combustion chamber (302);
the plasma fuel reformer is used for supplying reformed fuel to the main combustion chamber (302), and comprises an electrode (16), an insulator (17), an ionization chamber (20) and a first nozzle (22); the ionization chamber (20) has a cavity for ionization reforming of fuel and gas therein to form reformed fuel; the chamber wall of the ionization chamber (20) is surrounded by a grounding electrode (18), the grounding electrode (18) is made of stainless steel material, and the grounding electrode is directly grounded; the side wall of the ionization chamber (20) stretches into the tail end of an oil pump (19), the other end of the oil pump (19) is connected with the tail end of a fuel inlet pipe (15) and is used for guiding a mixture containing nano particles prepared by the external fuel pretreatment device into the ionization chamber (20) through the fuel inlet pipe (15) and the oil pump (19), an insulator (17) is arranged at the top of the ionization chamber (20), an electrode (16) is inserted into the insulator (17), two ends of the electrode (16) stretch out of the insulator (17), one end of the electrode is exposed out of a cylinder cover, and the other end of the electrode stretches into the ionization chamber (20) and is used for generating an electric arc (21); the bottom of the ionization chamber (20) is provided with a first nozzle (22);
the bottoms of the first nozzle (22) and the spark plug (29) of the plasma fuel reformer extend into the main combustion chamber (302), so that reformed fuel, fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection device (30) and fresh air entering the air inlet pipe (23) are combusted in the main combustion chamber (302) in a combined way.
5. An engine system according to claim 4, characterized in that the first nozzle (22) of the plasma fuel reformer and the tip of the spark plug extend into the prechamber (24) for prechamber, enter the main combustion chamber (302) via the flame channel (25) and are combusted in combination with fresh fuel injected by the main fuel injection means (30).
6. An engine system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the bottom of said second nozzle (301) is connected to an oil droplet atomizer (26) for injecting fuel into the main combustion chamber of the engine in atomized form.
7. The control method of an engine system according to claim 4, wherein,
controlling the flow of a fuel reforming loop when the cold starting working condition of the engine or the load of the engine is below 50% of rated power, adjusting a first flow valve (3) to increase the fuel quantity entering a fuel preheating chamber (4) and prolong the fuel preheating time, adjusting a first flow valve (5) to control the quantity of preheated fuel entering a mixer (8), and controlling the temperature in the mixer to be maintained at 300-420 ℃; controlling the flow rate of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer (8), regulating a second flow valve (11) to control the overall equivalence ratio in the mixer to be in the range of 0.4-0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is increased to be not higher than 10% of the heat value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is converted into a high-activity reformate which is introduced into a main combustion chamber (302) of the engine to be subjected to combustion;
controlling the flow rate of the fuel reforming circuit when the engine load is more than 80% of rated power: the first flow valve (3) is regulated to reduce the quantity of fuel entering the preheating chamber and shorten the fuel preheating time, the first flow valve (5) is regulated to control the quantity of preheated fuel entering the mixer (8), and the temperature in the mixer is controlled to be maintained at 200-270 ℃;
controlling the flow rate of the oxygen loop: on the basis of stable temperature in the mixer (8), regulating a second flow valve (11) to control the overall equivalence ratio in the mixer to be in the range of 0.4-0.5; the ionization energy of the plasma fuel reformer is reduced to be not higher than 10% of the heat value of the fuel, so that the fuel in the reformer is reformed into low-activity reformate, and then the low-activity reformate is introduced into a main combustion chamber (302) of the engine to be used for combustion.
CN202210549156.XA 2022-05-20 2022-05-20 External fuel pretreatment device, engine system and control method thereof Active CN114893330B (en)

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JP2014058412A (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-04-03 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel modifying/feeding system
CN111997747A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-27 北京工业大学 Zero-emission compression ignition type two-stroke rotor machine capable of recycling oxygen and control method thereof

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DE4101303A1 (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-07-30 Guenter Poeschl ARRANGEMENT FOR SPRAYING PRESSURE FROM LIQUID FUEL AND METHOD THEREFOR
CN103291505A (en) * 2013-06-26 2013-09-11 北京科技大学 Ultrasound and oxygen-enriched combustion device and working method thereof
CN106704048A (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-05-24 天津大学 Device for reforming fuel at low temperature through exhaust gas residual heat of engine

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014058412A (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-04-03 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel modifying/feeding system
CN111997747A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-27 北京工业大学 Zero-emission compression ignition type two-stroke rotor machine capable of recycling oxygen and control method thereof

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