CN109113880B - Combustion organization method of methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine and application thereof - Google Patents

Combustion organization method of methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine and application thereof Download PDF

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CN109113880B
CN109113880B CN201810933593.5A CN201810933593A CN109113880B CN 109113880 B CN109113880 B CN 109113880B CN 201810933593 A CN201810933593 A CN 201810933593A CN 109113880 B CN109113880 B CN 109113880B
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hydrogen
methanol
alcohol
chamber
internal combustion
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CN109113880A (en
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冷先银
隆武强
田华
王洋
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Dalian University of Technology
Jiangsu University
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Dalian University of Technology
Jiangsu University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1085—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber controlling fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0644—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3094—Controlling fuel injection the fuel injection being effected by at least two different injectors, e.g. one in the intake manifold and one in the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0278—Port fuel injectors for single or multipoint injection into the air intake system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a combustion organization method of a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of utilizing exhaust gas waste heat to catalytically reform or crack a part of methanol fuel on line to prepare alcohol hydrogen, wherein the main component of the alcohol hydrogen is hydrogen, supplying a part of the prepared alcohol hydrogen to an ignition chamber to form hydrogen-rich mixed gas, utilizing a spark plug to ignite, forming a high-energy turbulent flame jet ignition source, and igniting the homogeneous thin mixed gas formed by methanol and alcohol hydrogen in an air inlet passage or in-cylinder injection in an air cylinder. The invention converts part of methanol fuel into alcohol hydrogen, adopts the combustion organization method, is applied to the internal combustion engine, can improve the ignition reliability, accelerate the in-cylinder combustion process, improve the antiknock property, adapt to higher compression ratio, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the engine and reducing the harmful emission of nitrogen oxides, particulate matters and the like. The refitting test on a diesel engine with the cylinder diameter of 210mm shows that the thermal efficiency is increased by 4%, the emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced by 85%, and the emission of particulate matters is reduced by 95%.

Description

Combustion organization method of methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to a combustion organization method of a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine and application thereof.
Background
The methanol can be used as the fuel of the internal combustion engine, has the characteristics of high efficiency and cleanness, can greatly reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and particulate matters of the internal combustion engine compared with the internal combustion engine adopting the traditional petroleum fuel, and has good development prospect.
At present, methanol fuel is applied to internal combustion engines, and two combustion organization modes, namely spark ignition and diesel ignition, are mainly adopted. The spark ignition method is mainly applied to small-bore engines, and the combustion organization method is similar to that of gasoline engines, and the method is suitable for pure methanol fuel, namely M100, and mixed fuel of methanol and gasoline, such as M5, M15, M85 and the like (here, the number represents the volume fraction of methanol in the fuel). The diesel oil is ignited and applied to an engine with a relatively large cylinder diameter, methanol fuel is generally introduced into a cylinder by adopting an air inlet channel injection or in-cylinder low-pressure early injection mode to form a lean mixture in the cylinder, and a small amount or trace amount of diesel oil is injected at high pressure before a top dead center to ignite the lean mixture of methanol and air.
The method is characterized in that methanol fuel is reformed or cracked on line to prepare alcohol hydrogen (containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor and methanol steam, and the main component of the alcohol hydrogen is hydrogen) by utilizing the waste heat of the tail gas of the internal combustion engine, and then the alcohol hydrogen is introduced into a cylinder by adopting a mode of air inlet channel injection or in-cylinder direct injection, and the method is also a mode of utilizing the methanol fuel, and is suitable for the internal combustion engine ignited by spark and compression.
When methanol fuel is used in engines for stationary power stations or ships with large cylinder diameters (for example, the cylinder diameter is larger than 200 mm), diesel ignition is mostly adopted to organize combustion in order to reduce flame propagation distance and avoid knocking. However, in this way, some problems arise: 1) two fuel tanks are required, increasing cost and space requirements; 2) a diesel electric control high-pressure common rail injection system is required to be equipped, so that the cost is increased; 3) the use of diesel fuel produces a certain amount of particulate matter emissions.
On the other hand, the small-volume ignition chamber is used as an ignition energy amplifying device, mixed gas suitable for ignition (such as mixed gas with approximate stoichiometric ratio) is formed in the ignition chamber and is ignited in advance, turbulent flame jet flow is formed by combustion to ignite the thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber, and the combustion organization method can improve the ignition reliability and the flame propagation rate, thereby widening the thin combustion limit of the internal combustion engine and obviously improving the performance of the internal combustion engine. This method finds many applications in internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas.
At present, the technical scheme of the internal combustion engine which takes methanol/alcohol hydrogen as fuel and adopts an ignition chamber type flame jet ignition mode is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a combustion organization method of a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine and application thereof, aiming at providing a combustion organization method only needing to supply methanol single fuel for the internal combustion engine using methanol fuel, in particular to a methanol fuel internal combustion engine with the cylinder diameter larger than 200 mm.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following specific technical solutions.
A combustion organization method of a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine is characterized in that:
the method of the invention is suitable for internal combustion engines with ignition chambers.
Under the working condition of cold start of the internal combustion engine, a methanol single fuel mode is adopted, mixed gas with approximate stoichiometric ratio is formed in the ignition chamber and the main combustion chamber, an equivalence ratio combustion mode is adopted, and a preheating plug arranged in the ignition chamber is utilized to preheat the ignition chamber, so that reliable cold start is ensured;
under other working conditions, a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel mode is adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: step S1, utilizing the waste heat of the tail gas of the internal combustion engine to catalytically crack or catalytically reform part of the methanol fuel to prepare alcohol hydrogen, wherein the main component of the alcohol hydrogen is hydrogen; step S2, part of the prepared alcohol hydrogen and the methanol fuel enter a main combustion chamber through an air passage or in-cylinder injection respectively to form thin mixed gas; step S3, supplying another part of alcohol hydrogen to the ignition chamber and forming hydrogen-rich mixed gas in the ignition chamber; step S4, igniting by a spark plug arranged in the ignition chamber, and igniting the hydrogen-rich gas mixture in the ignition chamber; step S5, after the hydrogen-rich mixed gas in the ignition chamber is combusted, the combustion products, the combustion intermediate product free radicals and part of the unburned mixed gas are sprayed into the main combustion chamber through a channel connecting the ignition chamber and the main combustion chamber to form a high-energy multipoint turbulent flame jet ignition source, and the lean mixed gas of methanol and alcohol hydrogen in the main combustion chamber is ignited; and step S6, after the lean mixture of methanol and alcohol hydrogen in the main combustion chamber is ignited, quickly and fully burns under the turbulence flame jet disturbance action of the ignition chamber.
The methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine is an internal combustion engine which only needs to supply methanol single fuel to the internal combustion engine, catalytically converts part of methanol fuel into alcohol hydrogen through an online catalytic reforming or catalytic cracking device, and then supplies the methanol fuel and the alcohol hydrogen together into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to form mixed gas with air and combust the mixed gas. In the alcohol hydrogen, the volume fraction of hydrogen is more than 65%.
The hydrogen-rich mixed gas formed in the ignition chamber has an excess air coefficient between 0.5 and 2.0, the hydrogen concentration is higher than that of the hydrogen in the mixed gas in the main combustion chamber by more than 80%, and the rarefied mixed gas formed in the main combustion chamber has an excess air coefficient between 1.5 and 5.0.
The heat value of the alcohol hydrogen accounts for 8-40% of the total heat value of all the circulated fuels, and the heat value of the alcohol hydrogen supplied to the ignition chamber accounts for 1-5% of the total heat value of all the circulated fuels.
A combustion organization method of a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine is applied to the methanol fuel internal combustion engine.
The internal combustion engine is provided with at least 1 ignition chamber, the ignition chamber is communicated with the main combustion chamber through at least 1 channel, and the total volume of the ignition chamber accounts for 1-5% of the clearance volume.
The internal combustion engine is provided with a methanol on-line catalytic cracking or catalytic reforming device, a part of methanol fuel is catalytically converted into alcohol hydrogen by using tail gas waste heat, the volume fraction of hydrogen in the alcohol hydrogen is more than 65%, an alcohol hydrogen booster pump is arranged to boost the alcohol hydrogen and then lead the boosted alcohol hydrogen into an alcohol hydrogen storage tank, and then the boosted alcohol hydrogen is supplied to an ignition chamber and a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine through 2 sets of pipelines, valves and an injection system respectively.
The internal combustion engine adopts a methanol single-combustion equivalence ratio combustion working mode under a cold start working condition, and a preheating plug arranged in an ignition chamber is used for preheating the ignition chamber, so that reliable ignition and start are ensured; under other working conditions, a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel mode is adopted, methanol fuel and alcohol hydrogen enter the main combustion chamber respectively through an air inlet channel or an in-cylinder injection mode to form thin mixed gas, alcohol hydrogen is independently injected in the ignition chamber to form hydrogen-rich mixed gas, and a spark plug arranged in the ignition chamber is used for ignition to form a high-energy turbulent flame jet ignition source to ignite the thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber.
The excess air coefficient of the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber is between 1.5 and 5.0, the excess air coefficient of the hydrogen-rich mixture in the ignition chamber is between 0.5 and 2.0, and the concentration of hydrogen in the ignition chamber is higher than that of hydrogen in the mixture in the main combustion chamber by more than 80%.
The compression ratio of the internal combustion engine is 14 or more.
The invention has the beneficial effect. Compared with the existing methanol fuel internal combustion engine technology with the cylinder diameter larger than 200mm, the invention can increase the excess air coefficient, broaden the lean combustion limit of the internal combustion engine, improve the combustion and the emission of the internal combustion engine and reduce the production or modification cost. The refitting test on a diesel engine with the cylinder diameter of 210mm shows that the thermal efficiency is increased by 4%, the emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced by 85%, and the emission of particulate matters is reduced by 95%.
1) According to the invention, as the alcohol-hydrogen fuel is independently supplied into the ignition chamber, the hydrogen-rich mixed gas is formed in the ignition chamber, and the combustible limit is wider, the ignition reliability in the ignition chamber is improved, and the cycle variation of the internal combustion engine is reduced; 2) the laminar flame speed of the hydrogen is high, the combustion process in the ignition chamber can be accelerated, high-energy turbulent flame jet flow can be quickly formed, the function of an ignition energy amplifier can be realized, the rarefied mixed gas in the main combustion chamber is ignited, and the combustion process in the main combustion chamber can be promoted due to strong turbulent disturbance caused by the jet flow in the main combustion chamber, so that the efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved; 3) because partial alcohol hydrogen is also supplied to the main combustion chamber, the fuel containing hydrogen increases the flame propagation rate in the main combustion chamber, improves the thermal efficiency, can also enlarge the lean combustion limit, can adopt larger excess air coefficient when necessary, and further improves the thermal efficiency; 4) the mixed gas in the cylinder contains a proper amount of hydrogen, so that the combustion process in the cylinder is accelerated, the antiknock property is improved, and a higher compression ratio can be adopted, so that the heat efficiency of the engine is improved; 5) diesel oil is not needed for ignition, and particulate matter emission is greatly reduced or even eliminated; 6) the methanol fuel absorbs part of the heat of the tail gas in the process of preparing the alcohol hydrogen by catalytic reforming or catalytic cracking, so that the heat value contained in the fuel is increased, and the system efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be further improved.
The internal combustion engine is provided with a methanol on-line catalytic cracking or catalytic reforming device, part of methanol fuel is catalytically converted into alcohol hydrogen by using tail gas waste heat, the volume fraction of hydrogen in the alcohol hydrogen is more than 65%, an alcohol hydrogen booster pump is arranged to boost the alcohol hydrogen and then guide the boosted alcohol hydrogen into an alcohol hydrogen storage tank, and then the boosted alcohol hydrogen is respectively supplied to an ignition chamber and a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine through 2 sets of pipelines, valves and an injection system.
The internal combustion engine adopts a methanol single-fuel equivalence ratio combustion working mode under the cold starting working condition, and a preheating plug arranged in an ignition chamber is used for heating the ignition chamber, so that reliable ignition and starting are ensured; under other working conditions, a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel mode is adopted, methanol fuel and alcohol hydrogen enter the main combustion chamber respectively through an air inlet channel or an in-cylinder injection mode to form thin mixed gas, alcohol hydrogen is independently injected in the ignition chamber to form hydrogen-rich mixed gas, and a spark plug arranged in the ignition chamber is used for ignition to form a high-energy turbulent flame jet ignition source to ignite the thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber.
A methanol fuel nozzle and an alcohol hydrogen main nozzle are arranged in an air inlet passage or a cylinder of the internal combustion engine and are used for introducing methanol and alcohol hydrogen into the cylinder in the early stage of an air inlet stroke or a compression stroke to form a thin mixed gas. The air excess coefficient of the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber is between 1.5 and 5.0. When the air inlet channel injection is adopted, the injection time is after the exhaust valve is closed, and the preferable injection time is 280-240 CA degrees before the compression top dead center; when in-cylinder direct injection is adopted, the strategy of in-cylinder early injection is adopted, the lower injection pressure can be adopted to reduce the cost, and sufficient time is provided for mixing, and the preferable injection time is 180 CA degrees to 150 CA degrees before the top dead center.
The fuel supply to the ignition chamber comprises two parts: the first part is methanol and alcohol hydrogen which enter the ignition chamber from the main combustion chamber through a connecting channel in the compression stroke, and dilute mixed gas with the concentration basically the same as that of the main combustion chamber is formed in the ignition chamber; the second part is alcohol hydrogen independently supplied to the ignition chamber by an alcohol hydrogen enrichment nozzle arranged in the ignition chamber, and plays a role of enriching the mixed gas in the ignition chamber, so that the mixed gas rich in hydrogen is finally formed in the ignition chamber, the hydrogen concentration of the mixed gas is higher than that of the mixed gas in the main combustion chamber by more than 80%, and the excess air coefficient of the mixed gas is between 0.5 and 2.0.
Because the mixed gas in the cylinder contains a proper amount of hydrogen, the more dilute mixed gas can be adopted, and flame turbulent jet forms a large amount of dispersed ignition sources in the cylinder, and turbulent disturbance has a promoting effect on combustion, so that the flame propagation distance in the cylinder is reduced, the flame propagation rate is increased, and the effects have a restraining effect on the detonation of the engine. Thus, a higher compression ratio can be adopted, and the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine is 14 or more.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a main combustion chamber, 2, an air inlet channel, 3, a methanol injection system, 4, an alcohol-hydrogen main injection system, 5, an exhaust channel, 6, a methanol catalytic reforming device, 7, an alcohol-hydrogen booster pump, 8, an alcohol-hydrogen storage tank, 9, an ignition chamber, 10, an alcohol-hydrogen enrichment injection system, 11, a spark plug, 12, a preheating plug, 13, turbulent flame jet, 14 and a methanol fuel tank.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine retrofitted to a medium speed diesel engine having a cylinder diameter of 210mm in accordance with the method provided by the present invention. As shown in figure 1, a methanol injection system 3 and an alcohol-hydrogen main injection system 4 are additionally arranged in an air inlet 2 of a medium-speed diesel engine, an ignition chamber 9 and an alcohol-hydrogen enrichment injection system 10 are arranged on a cylinder cover, and a spark plug 11 and a preheating plug 12 are arranged in the ignition chamber 9. The methanol fuel tank 14 supplies methanol fuel to the methanol injection system 3 and the methanol catalytic reforming device 6, the methanol hydrogen is produced by the methanol catalytic reforming device 6 by using the residual heat of part of the tail gas in the exhaust passage 5, the pressure is increased by the alcohol hydrogen booster pump 7, the necessary injection pressure difference is ensured to be formed between the alcohol hydrogen supply pressure and the air inlet pipeline, and then the alcohol hydrogen storage tank 8 is connected.
In the cold start operating mode of the internal combustion engine, the ignition chamber 9 is preferably preheated by means of a glow plug 12, ensuring reliable ignition. Preferably, a methanol single fuel mode of operation is employed. Methanol fuel is injected to the air inlet channel by using a methanol injection system 3, and mixed gas with approximate stoichiometric ratio is formed in the main combustion chamber 1 and the ignition chamber 9; before the top dead center of the compression stroke, the methanol mixture in the ignition chamber is ignited at an approximately stoichiometric ratio by a spark plug 11 provided in the ignition chamber 9; after the mixed gas in the ignition chamber 9 is combusted, turbulent flame jet flow 13 is formed and is jetted into the main combustion chamber 1 to ignite the mixed gas in the main combustion chamber and promote the mixed gas in the main combustion chamber to be rapidly and fully combusted, thereby realizing reliable cold start.
In a short time of cold start operation of the internal combustion engine, the exhaust temperature reaches the working temperature of the methanol catalytic reforming device 6, the device starts to utilize the waste heat of the tail gas to carry out catalytic reforming on methanol to prepare alcohol-hydrogen fuel, wherein the main component of the alcohol-hydrogen fuel is hydrogen, and the content of the hydrogen is more than 65%. After the alcohol-hydrogen fuel is pressurized by a booster pump 7, the alcohol-hydrogen fuel enters an alcohol-hydrogen storage tank 8, and the internal combustion engine starts to work in a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fuel mode.
When the internal combustion engine works in a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel mode, in the air inlet stroke of the internal combustion engine, methanol fuel is injected through the methanol injection system 3, alcohol hydrogen fuel is injected through the alcohol hydrogen main injection system 4, the methanol and the alcohol hydrogen fuel enter the cylinder along with air in the air inlet channel 2, a homogeneous lean air mixture is formed in the main combustion chamber and the ignition chamber, and the excess air coefficient of the homogeneous lean air mixture is between 1.5 and 5.0. In the middle and later period of the intake stroke or the early period of the compression stroke, a proper amount of alcohol-hydrogen fuel is injected into the ignition chamber 9 through the alcohol-hydrogen enrichment injection system 10 and is mixed with the thin mixed gas entering the ignition chamber 9 from the main combustion chamber 1 to form hydrogen-rich mixed gas with approximate stoichiometric ratio. The hydrogen-rich gas mixture is ignited by a spark plug 11 arranged in the ignition chamber 9 before the top dead center, and is rapidly combusted, heat is released, the gas pressure in the ignition chamber 9 is improved, high-temperature combustion products, a small amount of combustion intermediate product free radicals and unburned gas mixture in the ignition chamber 9 are promoted to be sprayed into the main combustion chamber 1 at a high speed, high-temperature turbulent flame jet flow 13 is formed, thin gas mixture in the main combustion chamber 1 is rapidly ignited, and the gas mixture is rapidly and fully combusted under the action of strong turbulent disturbance excited by the jet flow.
Compared with a combustion organization mode of igniting methanol by diesel, the combustion organization method of the methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine is applied to the internal combustion engine with the cylinder diameter of 210mm, and only one fuel oil tank is needed and a diesel electric control high-pressure injection system is not needed, so that the production cost is greatly reduced; the combustion speed is high due to strong turbulence disturbance in the main combustion chamber, so that the heat efficiency is improved; and because the low-temperature combustion of the lean mixture gas occurs in the main combustion chamber, the emission of nitrogen oxides and particles of the internal combustion engine is extremely low, and the nitrogen oxide and particle post-treatment device is not needed to meet the current limit of the emission of nitrogen oxides of the ship engine or the fixed power station engine. Compared with the original diesel engine, the comprehensive effect is that the heat efficiency is increased by 4%, the emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced by 85%, and the emission of particulate matters is reduced by 95%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A combustion organization method of a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine is characterized in that the method is suitable for the internal combustion engine with an ignition chamber and comprises the following steps:
under the working condition of cold start of the internal combustion engine, a methanol single fuel mode is adopted, mixed gas with approximate stoichiometric ratio is formed in the ignition chamber and the main combustion chamber, an equivalence ratio combustion mode is adopted, and a preheating plug arranged in the ignition chamber is used for preheating the ignition chamber, so that reliable cold start is ensured;
under other working conditions, a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel mode is adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: step S1, utilizing the waste heat of the tail gas of the internal combustion engine to catalytically crack or catalytically reform part of the methanol fuel to prepare alcohol hydrogen, wherein the main component of the alcohol hydrogen is hydrogen; step S2, part of the prepared alcohol hydrogen and the methanol fuel enter a main combustion chamber through an air passage or in-cylinder injection respectively to form thin mixed gas; step S3, supplying another part of alcohol hydrogen to the ignition chamber and forming hydrogen-rich mixed gas in the ignition chamber; step S4, igniting by a spark plug arranged in the ignition chamber, and igniting the hydrogen-rich gas mixture in the ignition chamber; step S5, after the hydrogen-rich mixed gas in the ignition chamber is combusted, the combustion products, the combustion intermediate product free radicals and part of the unburned mixed gas are sprayed into the main combustion chamber through a channel connecting the ignition chamber and the main combustion chamber to form a high-energy multipoint turbulent flame jet ignition source, and the lean mixed gas of methanol and alcohol hydrogen in the main combustion chamber is ignited; step S6, after the lean mixture of methanol and alcohol hydrogen in the main combustion chamber is ignited, quickly and fully burns under the disturbance effect of turbulent flame jet flow in the ignition chamber;
the hydrogen-rich mixed gas formed in the ignition chamber has an excess air coefficient between 0.5 and 2.0, the hydrogen concentration is higher than that of the hydrogen in the mixed gas in the main combustion chamber by more than 80%, and the rarefied mixed gas formed in the main combustion chamber has an excess air coefficient between 1.5 and 5.0.
2. The combustion organizing method for a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the alcohol hydrogen, the volume fraction of hydrogen is more than 65%.
3. The combustion organizing method for a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat value of the alcohol hydrogen accounts for 8-40% of the total heat value of all the circulated fuels, and the heat value of the alcohol hydrogen supplied to the ignition chamber accounts for 1-5% of the total heat value of all the circulated fuels.
4. The application of the combustion organization method of the methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine is characterized in that: use of any of claims 1-3 in a methanol fueled internal combustion engine.
5. The use of the combustion organizing method for a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein: the internal combustion engine is provided with at least 1 ignition chamber, the ignition chamber is communicated with the main combustion chamber through at least 1 channel, and the total volume of the ignition chamber accounts for 1-5% of the clearance volume.
6. The use of the combustion organizing method for a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein: the internal combustion engine is provided with a methanol on-line catalytic cracking or catalytic reforming device, a part of methanol fuel is catalytically converted into alcohol hydrogen by using tail gas waste heat, the volume fraction of hydrogen in the alcohol hydrogen is more than 65%, an alcohol hydrogen booster pump is arranged to boost the alcohol hydrogen and then lead the boosted alcohol hydrogen into an alcohol hydrogen storage tank, and then the boosted alcohol hydrogen is supplied to an ignition chamber and a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine through 2 sets of pipelines, valves and an injection system respectively.
7. The use of the combustion organizing method for a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein: the internal combustion engine adopts a methanol single-combustion equivalence ratio combustion working mode under a cold start working condition, and a preheating plug arranged in an ignition chamber is used for preheating the ignition chamber, so that reliable ignition and start are ensured; under other working conditions, a methanol/alcohol hydrogen fuel mode is adopted, methanol fuel and alcohol hydrogen enter the main combustion chamber respectively through an air inlet channel or an in-cylinder injection mode to form thin mixed gas, alcohol hydrogen is independently injected in the ignition chamber to form hydrogen-rich mixed gas, and a spark plug arranged in the ignition chamber is used for ignition to form a high-energy turbulent flame jet ignition source to ignite the thin mixed gas in the main combustion chamber.
8. The use of the combustion organizing method for a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein: the excess air coefficient of the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber is between 1.5 and 5.0, the excess air coefficient of the hydrogen-rich mixture in the ignition chamber is between 0.5 and 2.0, and the concentration of hydrogen in the ignition chamber is higher than that of hydrogen in the mixture in the main combustion chamber by more than 80%.
9. The use of the combustion organizing method for a methanol/alcohol-hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein: the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine is 14 or more.
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