CN114892587B - Experimental method for simulating influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of water inlet of hydropower station on fish body - Google Patents
Experimental method for simulating influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of water inlet of hydropower station on fish body Download PDFInfo
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- CN114892587B CN114892587B CN202210438558.2A CN202210438558A CN114892587B CN 114892587 B CN114892587 B CN 114892587B CN 202210438558 A CN202210438558 A CN 202210438558A CN 114892587 B CN114892587 B CN 114892587B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The application discloses an experimental method for simulating the influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of a water inlet of a hydropower station on a fish body, which relates to a device comprising an experimental water tank, wherein the experimental water tank is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a transversely arranged partition plate; the application can obtain the data of different reactions of the fish body under the submerged acceleration flows with different water heads, different flow rates and different flow rate gradients, and provides support for further improving the structure of the hydropower station.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of measuring the influence of accelerated water flow on fish, in particular to an experimental method for simulating the influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of a water inlet of a hydropower station on fish body.
Background
The dam is built, and the water resource is reasonably managed and fully utilized, so that the original continuous river ecosystem is divided into discontinuous environmental units, the ecological landscape is broken, and the migration channel of fishes is blocked. This is highly likely to be devastating to species that need to migrate over a large area in the course of completing a life history; for the species completing the life history in the local water area, the genetic communication among the groups of different water areas can be influenced, so that the whole genetic diversity of the groups is lost, and the future development process is also optimistic.
In order to protect migratory fishes, various types of fish passing facilities are built in each country to help the migratory fishes to ascend according to engineering characteristics and fish protection requirements, and meanwhile, physical blocking facilities and behavior fish guiding facilities are adopted to help the fishes to descend. The flow channel of the hydropower station is an important way for fish to flow down through the dam, and the fish firstly enters the pipeline from the water inlet of the hydropower station, then enters the flow channel of the water turbine along with the water flow, and then reaches the downstream through the draft tube. However, the hydraulic turbine may cause a certain damage to the fish during the operation, and especially the migratory fish will be severely damaged when passing through the hydraulic turbine. For a common water turbine, the death rate of fish passing through the water turbine is more than 30 percent.
According to the analysis of the survival rate research group of fishes in the runner of the water turbine by the American army engineering (USACE) in 1995, the mechanism that fishes possibly suffer damage when going down through the runner of the water turbine is four types of mechanisms including machinery, pressure, shearing force and cavitation. At the inlet of the water turbine, due to the special arrangement position of the water turbine and the change of the pipe diameter of the runner, a typical local characteristic flow field, namely a submerged accelerating flow, is generated, and further, fish can be possibly caused to escape from a descending dam passage to generate a delay effect, or the fish is threatened by living due to passive entrainment.
In order to further construct a 'parent fish type' water turbine, damage to fish by various mechanisms needs to be clarified, so that the structure of the hydropower station is modified, and manual simulation experiments are generally adopted. Therefore, it is needed to design an experimental method for simulating the influence of the shrinkage and acceleration flow of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body so as to simulate the influence of the shrinkage and acceleration flow of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the hydropower station, so as to obtain an experimental effect as ideal as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects, and provides an experimental method for simulating the influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of a water inlet of a hydropower station on a fish body, so as to obtain data of different reactions of the fish body under the submerged acceleration flows of different water heads, different flow rates and different flow rate gradients, and provide support for further improving the structure of the hydropower station.
The application aims to solve the technical problems, and adopts the technical scheme that: an experimental method for simulating influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of a water inlet of a hydropower station on fish bodies comprises the following steps:
step 1): injecting quantitative water into the experiment water tank, and starting a variable-frequency circulating water pump at the connecting pipe to enable the water in the experiment water tank to circularly flow at a certain flow rate;
step 2): starting a winch of the lifting device, and rotating a winch wheel by a certain angle, so that the lifting rope pulls the lifting partition plate to rise by a certain height, and further the elastic water inlet top plate is bent upwards by a certain angle, so that the top surface of the water inlet forms a curved surface structure, and the pushing baffle is moved, so that the angle between the accelerating flow side plate and the side wall of the experiment water tank is changed, and the structure of the water inlet of the hydropower station is simulated;
step 3): opening a pressure tank, applying a certain water flow pressure to the experiment water tank through an inflation tube, simulating the water flow state at the water inlet position of the hydropower station, enabling the rectifying grid to smooth water flow turbulence caused by pressure change, and reading the flow velocity measured by the flow velocity meter after the flow velocity is stable;
step 4): opening the sealing cover, taking out the flow velocity meter, putting a certain number of experimental fish bodies on the rear side of the rectifying grid, and re-covering the sealing cover for experiment;
step 5): under the action of water flow pressure, the experimental fish body sequentially passes through a uniform flow area at the front section of the experimental water tank and a shrinkage accelerating flow area of a water inlet of the simulated hydropower station where the lower side of a top plate of the water inlet is positioned until reaching an experimental observation area at the rear section of the experimental water tank, and the camera records the whole process of the motion of the experimental fish body and physiological reaction of the experimental fish body;
step 6): after all experimental fish bodies reach the experimental observation area, the pressure tank is closed, the experimental fish bodies are taken out, physiological dissection and inspection are carried out on the experimental fish bodies, video data recorded by the camera are loaded and named, and the reaction of the experimental fish bodies is further observed.
Further, the comparative experiment steps of the influence of the shrinkage acceleration flow of the hydropower station water inlet under different water heads on the fish body passing through the hydropower station water inlet are as follows:
step 7): changing the pressure output by the pressure tank, namely changing the simulated water head at the inlet of the hydropower station, repeating the steps 3) to 6) under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, and developing a comparison experiment of the influence of the shrinkage acceleration flow of different water heads at the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station.
Further, the influence contrast experiment steps of the shrinkage acceleration flow formed by the different inlet cross-sectional areas of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station are as follows:
step 8): changing the angle of upward bending of the top plate of the water inlet, namely changing the section area of the water inlet, changing the section flow velocity of the water inlet and keeping other conditions unchanged, repeating the steps 2) to 6), and carrying out the experiment of comparing the influence of the contracted acceleration flow formed by the sections of different inlets of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station.
Further, the comparative experiment steps for influencing the fish body through the water inlet of the hydropower station under different water flow rates are as follows:
step 9): changing the rotating speed of the variable-frequency circulating water pump, namely changing the flow of an experiment water tank, simulating the flow change of a hydropower station, repeating the steps 1) to 6), and developing a comparison experiment of influences on fish bodies through the water inlet of the hydropower station under different water flow rates.
Further, the comparative experiment steps of the influence of different shrinkage acceleration flow gradients of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station are as follows:
step 10): and (3) moving the pushing baffle outwards or inwards so as to change the angle between the accelerating flow side plate and the side wall of the experimental water tank, namely changing the flow velocity gradient of the water flow in the shrinkage accelerating flow area of the water inlet of the simulated hydropower station, repeating the steps 2) to 6), and carrying out a comparison experiment of the influence of different shrinkage accelerating flow gradients of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station.
Preferably, the experiment water tank is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a transversely arranged partition plate, an elastic water inlet top plate is transversely arranged above the partition plate, one end of the water inlet top plate is arranged in a groove of the pushing baffle in a penetrating manner, the other end of the water inlet top plate is connected with the output end of the lifting device by a vertically arranged lifting partition plate, two sides of the water inlet top plate are vertically provided with accelerating flow side plates, one side of each accelerating flow side plate is hinged with the inner side wall of the experiment water tank, and the other side of each accelerating flow side plate is hinged with the side part of the pushing baffle; the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the experiment water tank are respectively provided with a connecting pipe, the upper ends of the connecting pipes are communicated with the experiment water tank on the upper layer of the partition board, the lower ends of the connecting pipes are communicated with the experiment water tank on the lower layer of the partition board, and the connecting pipes are provided with variable-frequency circulating water pumps; a flow velocity meter is arranged at a position close to the water inlet side below the water inlet top plate; a camera is arranged above the experiment water tank and fixed on the bracket, and a fish blocking grid is vertically arranged at the water outlet of the experiment water tank; and a rectifying grid is arranged between the flow velocity meter and the end part of the experimental water tank.
Preferably, the air outlet of the air charging pipe extends into the space between the rectifying grid and the end part of the experiment water tank, the air inlet of the air charging pipe is connected with the outlet of the pressure tank, and a sealing cover is further arranged at the top of the experiment water tank between the water inlet side below the top plate of the water inlet and the end part of the experiment water tank.
Preferably, the hoisting device comprises a winch, a winch wheel of the winch is connected with one end of a lifting rope, and the other end of the lifting rope bypasses a fixed pulley at the top of the support frame to be connected with the top of the hoisting partition plate.
Preferably, the water inlet top plate is made of an aluminum plate or rubber plate elastic material, the water inlet top plate is formed by fixedly connecting a trapezoid plate and a rectangular plate, the outer end of the trapezoid plate is hinged with the bottom of the lifting partition plate, the rectangular plate is matched with a groove of the pushing partition plate, and the lifting partition plate and the accelerating flow side plate are of rectangular plate structures.
More preferably, the quantity of lapse baffle is two, and every lapse baffle is U-shaped plate structure, and the curb plate of lapse baffle and the notch sliding fit that experimental water tank lateral part was seted up, and its sliding connection department has smeared the vaseline, lapse baffle top still is equipped with limit stop, limit stop installs in experimental water tank top.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1. in various factors of the water turbine affecting the fish body passing through the hydropower station, the influence of the shrinkage and acceleration flow of the water inlet of the hydropower station is emphasized, the speed and speed gradient of the acceleration flow, the water flow and the water head at the inlet are changed by manually simulating the shrinkage and acceleration flow of the inlet of the hydropower station, the damage condition of the shrinkage and acceleration flow of the water inlet of the hydropower station to the fish body under different conditions is observed, the data of different reactions of the fish body under the submerged acceleration flows of different water heads, different flow and different flow gradient can be obtained, support is provided for further improving the structure of the hydropower station, and reference is provided for further constructing the 'parent fish' water turbine.
2. The method is economical, environment-friendly, simple and feasible, and has obvious effect, and the influence of the shrinkage acceleration flow of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish passing through the hydropower station is simulated as comprehensively as possible.
3. According to the application, the digital display operation table on the pressure tank can quantitatively control the output pressure intensity, and a comparison experiment of the influence of the shrinkage acceleration flow of the hydropower station water inlet under different water heads on the fish body passing through the hydropower station water inlet is better developed.
4. According to the application, the upper half part and the lower half part of the experiment water tank are connected by arranging the connecting pipe and the variable-frequency circulating water pump, so that the circulating flow of the experiment water body in the whole experiment process is controlled, and the 'one-time water discharge and multiple experiments' can be realized.
5. According to the application, the flow velocity meter layout device with scales can be selected to quantitatively measure the water depth in the experiment water tank, then flow velocity meters are laid at different water depths, and whether the difference value of the flow velocity of the water flow smoothed by the rectifying grid at the different water depths is within 5% or not is further judged, so that the uniform flow in front of the water inlet of the hydropower station is better simulated; meanwhile, the water depth data quantitatively obtained through the flow velocity measuring layout device with scales can be used as reference data in a series of comparison experiments for changing the flow rate of water, so that experimental errors are further reduced.
6. The water inlet top plate is made of elastic materials (such as aluminum materials or rubber materials), belongs to elastic materials with changeable shapes, can reduce water head loss when water flow impacts the lifting partition plate, the bottom end of the lifting partition plate is hinged with the water inlet top plate, the lifting partition plate directly drives the state of the water inlet top plate to change along with the water inlet top plate, the lifting partition plate is connected with a winch through a fixed pulley arranged on a supporting frame, the direction of the force is changed through the traction effect of the winch, and then the lifting partition plate is driven to move through the action of the fixed pulley.
7. The included angle between the lifting direction and the vertical direction of the water inlet top plate is 45-60 degrees, so that the water inlet top plate is in a curved surface state under the special elastic force action of the water inlet top plate: on the one hand, the state of the water inlet of the hydropower station can be better simulated, and on the other hand, if the top plate of the water inlet is directly lifted vertically, the top plate of the water inlet is in a plane state instead of a curved surface state, and the head loss caused by water flow impact is directly increased.
8. The pushing baffle plate is of a U-shaped structure, a perforated slotted structure is arranged at the height of the top plate of the water inlet, the pushing baffle plate is symmetrically arranged at two sides of the experiment water tank, and pushing can be symmetrically carried out to the inside or the outside of the experiment water tank, so that the width of the water inlet of the hydropower station is simulated and changed; the accelerating flow side plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the experimental water tank, one side of the accelerating flow side plates, which is close to the pushing baffle, is hinged with the pushing baffle, and the pushing baffle stretches and contracts to drive the accelerating flow side plates to rotate, so that the included angle between the accelerating flow side plates and the wall of the experimental water tank is adjusted, and the lateral shrinkage angle of the water inlet is changed.
9. The experiment water tank is partitioned by the partition plates, so that the occupation of an experiment site can be reduced as much as possible.
10. The upper part of the experiment water tank is formed by splicing transparent toughened plates, so that on one hand, the reaction of the experimental fish body under different experimental conditions can be directly observed in the experimental process, and on the other hand, the disassembly and cleaning of experimental equipment after all independent experiments and comparison experiments are finished can be facilitated; the lower part of the experiment water tank can be formed by welding stainless steel plates, so that the manufacturing cost of experiment equipment can be saved; meanwhile, the partition board of the water tank is made of transparent toughened glass, so that the water storage capacity in the experimental water tank can be monitored.
11. The experimental water tank rear section experimental observation area does not arrange any roof, and direct open-air setting corresponds to the open tail water level when the hydraulic turbine crosses the fish on the one hand, and on the other hand also adopts the roof if experimental water tank observation area, and then whole experimental water tank is seal structure too, and the water in the experimental water tank is full of whole cell body when the experiment, has the threat of the destruction of water pressure to experimental water tank.
12. The fish blocking grating can block the experimental fish body after the shrinkage and acceleration flow through the water inlet of the hydropower station, can be used as a fish taking port of experimental equipment, and can also facilitate the cyclic utilization of experimental water flow in the subsequent experimental process.
13. The camera records the whole process of the movement of the experimental fish body in the submerged acceleration flow of the inlet of the simulated water turbine, names the video data according to the output pressure of the pressure tank, the lifted distance of the top plate of the acceleration flow groove, the water depth in the experimental water tank and the moving distance of the pushing baffle, and can provide rich video data for the construction of the 'parent fish' water turbine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a device according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of FIG. 1 with the cover removed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of FIG. 1 with the front side plate of the experimental water tank removed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of the water inlet top plate, the pushing baffle, the lifting baffle and the accelerated flow side plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection of the top plate of the water inlet to the pushing baffle;
in the figure, an experiment water tank 1, a partition plate 2, a water inlet top plate 3, a trapezoid plate 3.1, a rectangular plate 3.2, a pushing baffle 4, a slot 4.1, a side plate 4.2, a lifting partition plate 5, a lifting device 6, a winch 6.1, a lifting rope 6.2, a supporting frame 6.3, a fixed pulley 6.4, an accelerating flow side plate 7, a connecting pipe 8, a variable frequency circulating water pump 9, a flow meter 10, a rectifying grid 11, an air charging pipe 12, a pressure tank 13, a sealing cover 14, a camera 15, a bracket 16, a fish blocking grid 17 and a limit stop 18.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a device for simulating influence of water inlet shrinkage acceleration flow of a hydropower station on a fish body comprises an experiment water tank 1, wherein the experiment water tank 1 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer through a transverse partition plate 2, an elastic water inlet top plate 3 is transversely arranged above the partition plate 2, one end of the water inlet top plate 3 is arranged in a groove 4.1 of a pushing baffle 4 in a penetrating manner, the other end of the water inlet top plate is connected with the output end of a lifting device 6 through a vertically arranged lifting partition plate 5, two sides of the water inlet top plate 3 are vertically provided with acceleration flow side plates 7, one side of each acceleration flow side plate 7 is hinged with the inner side wall of the experiment water tank 1, and the other side of each acceleration flow side plate is hinged with the side part of the pushing baffle 4.
Preferably, the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the experiment water tank 1 are respectively provided with a connecting pipe 8, the upper ends of the connecting pipes 8 are communicated with the experiment water tank 1 on the upper layer of the partition plate 2, the lower ends of the connecting pipes 8 are communicated with the experiment water tank 1 on the lower layer of the partition plate 2, and the connecting pipes 8 are provided with variable-frequency circulating water pumps 9.
Preferably, a flow rate meter 10 is further arranged at a position close to the water inlet side below the water inlet top plate 3.
Preferably, a rectifying grid 11 is further arranged between the flow rate meter 10 and the end part of the experiment water tank 1.
Preferably, the air outlet of the air charging pipe 12 extends into the space between the rectifying grid 11 and the end part of the experiment water tank 1, the air inlet of the air charging pipe 12 is connected with the outlet of the pressure tank 13, and a sealing cover 14 is further arranged at the top of the experiment water tank 1 between the water inlet side below the water inlet top plate 3 and the end part of the experiment water tank 1.
Preferably, a camera 15 is further arranged above the experiment water tank 1, the camera 15 is fixed on a bracket 16, and a fish blocking grid 17 is vertically arranged at the water outlet position of the experiment water tank 1.
Preferably, the lifting device 6 comprises a winch 6.1, a winch wheel of the winch 6.1 is connected with one end of a lifting rope 6.2, and the other end of the lifting rope 6.2 bypasses a fixed pulley 6.4 at the top of a supporting frame 6.3 to be connected with the top of a lifting partition plate 5. In this embodiment, the winch 6.1 may be a micro winch, which is of the type PA200 of the rising pigeon (china), in the form of a single hook, and has a maximum lifting height of up to 1200mm.
Preferably, the water inlet top plate 3 is made of an aluminum plate or rubber plate elastic material, the water inlet top plate 3 is formed by fixedly connecting a trapezoid plate 3.1 and a rectangular plate 3.2, the outer end of the trapezoid plate 3.1 is hinged with the bottom of the lifting partition plate 5, the rectangular plate 3.2 is matched with a groove 4.1 of the pushing baffle 4, and the lifting partition plate 5 and the accelerating flow side plate 7 are of rectangular plate structures.
Preferably, the quantity of pushing baffle 4 is two, and every pushing baffle 4 is U-shaped plate structure, and the curb plate 4.2 of pushing baffle 4 and the notch sliding fit that experiment basin 1 lateral part was seted up, and its sliding connection department is scribbled the vaseline, pushing baffle 4 top still is equipped with limit stop 18, limit stop 18 installs in experiment basin 1 top.
In addition, the application also discloses an experimental method of the device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1): injecting quantitative water into the experiment water tank 1, and starting a variable-frequency circulating water pump 9 at the connecting pipe 8 to enable the water in the experiment water tank 1 to circularly flow at a certain flow rate;
step 2): starting a winch 6.1 of the lifting device 6, and rotating a winch wheel by a certain angle, so that the lifting rope 6.2 pulls the lifting partition plate 5 to rise by a certain height, and further the elastic water inlet top plate 3 is bent upwards by a certain angle, so that the top surface of the water inlet forms a curved surface structure, and the pushing baffle 4 is moved, so that the angle between the accelerating flow side plate 7 and the side wall of the experiment water tank 1 is changed, and the structure of the water inlet of the hydropower station is simulated; the distance that the hoisting baffle 5 is pulled up by the hoist 6.1 is recorded every time, and different pulling-up distances can correspond to different bending angles of the water inlet top plate 3, so that the quantitative operation process is convenient;
step 3): the pressure tank 13 is opened, a certain water flow pressure is applied to the experiment water tank 1 through the inflation tube 12, the water flow state at the water inlet position of the hydropower station is simulated, the rectifying grid 11 can smooth the water flow turbulence caused by the pressure change, and the flow velocity measured by the flow velocity meter 10 is read after the flow velocity is stable; in this embodiment, the flow rate meter 10 is installed by the layout device, and four flow rate meters 10 are installed, so that the water depth of the experiment water tank 1 displayed by the scale of the layout device and the flow rates measured by the flow rate meters 10 at different water depths can be read, and when the difference between the flow rates displayed by the four flow rate meters 10 is not more than 5%, the flow state of the water flow in the uniform flow area of the experiment water tank 1 is considered to meet the experiment requirement.
Step 4): opening the sealing cover 14, taking out the flow velocity meter 10, putting a certain number of experimental fish bodies into the rear side of the rectifying grid 11, and re-covering the sealing cover 14 to perform experiments; the experimental fish bodies put in the embodiment are 20 juvenile fish with the body length of 10 cm to 12 cm.
Step 5): under the action of water flow pressure, the experimental fish body sequentially passes through a uniform flow area at the front section of the experimental water tank 1 and a shrinkage accelerating flow area of a water inlet of the simulated hydropower station where the lower side of the water inlet top plate 3 is positioned until reaching an experimental observation area at the rear section of the experimental water tank 1, and the camera 15 records the whole process of the motion of the experimental fish body and the physiological reaction thereof;
step 6): when all the experimental fish bodies reach the experimental observation area, the pressure tank 13 is closed, the experimental fish bodies are taken out, physiological dissection and inspection are carried out on the experimental fish bodies, video data recorded by the camera 15 are loaded and named, and the reaction of the experimental fish bodies is further observed;
step 7): changing the pressure output by the pressure tank 13, namely changing the simulated water head at the inlet of the hydropower station, repeating the steps 3) to 6) under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, and developing a comparison experiment of the influence of the shrinkage acceleration flow of different water heads at the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station;
step 8): changing the upward bending angle of the water inlet top plate 3, namely changing the cross-sectional area of the water inlet, changing the flow velocity of the cross-section of the water inlet, repeating the steps 2) to 6) under the same conditions, and carrying out a comparison experiment of the influence of the contracted acceleration flow formed by the different inlet cross-sectional areas of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station;
step 9): changing the rotating speed of the variable-frequency circulating water pump 9, namely changing the flow of the experiment water tank 1, simulating the flow change of the hydropower station, repeating the steps 1) to 6) under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, and carrying out a comparison experiment of the influence of the fish body through the water inlet of the hydropower station under different water flow rates;
step 10): and (3) moving the pushing baffle plate 4 outwards or inwards so as to change the angle between the accelerating flow side plate 7 and the side wall of the experiment water tank 1, namely changing the flow velocity gradient of the water flow in the shrinkage accelerating flow area of the water inlet of the simulated hydropower station, repeating the steps 2) to 6), and carrying out a comparison experiment of the influence of different shrinkage accelerating flow gradients of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without collision. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims, and the protection scope includes equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent replacement modifications within the scope of this application are also within the scope of the application.
Claims (5)
1. An experimental method for simulating influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of a water inlet of a hydropower station on fish bodies is characterized by comprising the following steps of: it comprises the following steps:
step 1): injecting quantitative water into the experiment water tank (1), and starting a variable-frequency circulating water pump (9) at the connecting pipe (8) to enable the water in the experiment water tank (1) to circularly flow at a certain flow rate;
step 2): starting a winch (6.1) of the lifting device (6), and rotating a winch wheel by a certain angle, so that the lifting rope (6.2) pulls the lifting partition board (5) to rise by a certain height, and further the elastic water inlet top board (3) is bent upwards by a certain angle, so that the top surface of the water inlet forms a curved surface structure, and the pushing baffle (4) is moved, so that the angle between the accelerating flow side board (7) and the side wall of the experiment water tank (1) is changed, and the structure of the water inlet of the hydropower station is simulated;
step 3): opening a pressure tank (13), applying a certain water flow pressure to the experiment water tank (1) through the inflation tube (12), simulating the water flow state at the water inlet position of the hydropower station, enabling the rectifying grid (11) to smooth water flow turbulence caused by pressure change, and reading the flow velocity measured by the flow velocity meter (10) after the flow velocity is stable;
step 4): opening the sealing cover (14), taking out the flow velocity meter (10), putting a certain number of experimental fish bodies into the rear side of the rectifying grid (11), and re-covering the sealing cover (14) to perform experiments;
step 5): under the action of water flow pressure, the experimental fish body sequentially passes through a uniform flow area at the front section of the experimental water tank (1) and a shrinkage accelerating flow area of a water inlet of a simulated hydropower station where the lower side of a water inlet top plate (3) is positioned until reaching an experimental observation area at the rear section of the experimental water tank (1), and a camera (15) records the whole process of the motion of the experimental fish body and physiological reaction thereof;
step 6): when all the experimental fish bodies reach the experimental observation area, the pressure tank (13) is closed, the experimental fish bodies are taken out, physiological dissection and inspection are carried out on the experimental fish bodies, video data recorded by the camera (15) are loaded and named, and the reaction of the experimental fish bodies is further observed;
the experimental water tank (1) is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer through a transversely arranged partition plate (2), an elastic water inlet top plate (3) is transversely arranged above the partition plate (2), one end of the water inlet top plate (3) is arranged in a groove (4.1) of the pushing baffle plate (4) in a penetrating mode, the other end of the water inlet top plate is connected with the output end of the lifting device (6) through a vertically arranged lifting partition plate (5), accelerating flow side plates (7) are vertically arranged on two sides of the water inlet top plate (3), one side of each accelerating flow side plate (7) is hinged to the inner side wall of the experimental water tank (1), and the other side of each accelerating flow side plate is hinged to the side of the pushing baffle plate (4); the experimental water tank is characterized in that the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the experimental water tank (1) are respectively provided with a connecting pipe (8), the upper ends of the connecting pipes (8) are communicated with the experimental water tank (1) on the upper layer of the partition board (2), the lower ends of the connecting pipes (8) are communicated with the experimental water tank (1) on the lower layer of the partition board (2), and the connecting pipes (8) are provided with variable-frequency circulating water pumps (9); a flow velocity meter (10) is arranged at a position close to the water inlet side below the water inlet top plate (3); a camera (15) is arranged above the experiment water tank (1), the camera (15) is fixed on a bracket (16), and a fish blocking grid (17) is vertically arranged at the water outlet position of the experiment water tank (1); a rectifying grid (11) is arranged between the flow velocity meter (10) and the end part of the experiment water tank (1);
an air outlet of the air charging pipe (12) extends into the space between the rectifying grid (11) and the end part of the experiment water tank (1), an air inlet of the air charging pipe (12) is connected with an outlet of the pressure tank (13), and a sealing cover (14) is arranged at the top of the experiment water tank (1) between the water inlet side below the water inlet top plate (3) and the end part of the experiment water tank (1);
the hoisting device (6) comprises a hoisting machine (6.1), a hoisting wheel of the hoisting machine (6.1) is connected with one end of a hoisting rope (6.2), and the other end of the hoisting rope (6.2) bypasses a fixed pulley (6.4) at the top of a supporting frame (6.3) to be connected with the top of a hoisting partition plate (5);
the water inlet top plate (3) is made of an aluminum plate or rubber plate elastic material, the water inlet top plate (3) is formed by fixedly connecting a trapezoid plate (3.1) and a rectangular plate (3.2), the outer end of the trapezoid plate (3.1) is hinged with the bottom of the lifting partition plate (5), the rectangular plate (3.2) is matched with a groove (4.1) of the pushing baffle plate (4), and the lifting partition plate (5) and the accelerating flow side plate (7) are both of rectangular plate structures;
the number of the pushing baffles (4) is two, each pushing baffle (4) is of a U-shaped plate structure, the side plates (4.2) of the pushing baffles (4) are in sliding fit with the notch formed in the side part of the experiment water tank (1), vaseline is smeared at the sliding connection part of the pushing baffles, limit stops (18) are further arranged at the top of the pushing baffles (4), and the limit stops (18) are arranged at the top of the experiment water tank (1).
2. The experimental method for simulating the influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of water inlet of hydropower station on fish body according to claim 1, wherein the experimental method comprises the following steps: the comparative experiment steps of the influence of the shrinkage acceleration flow of the water inlets of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlets of the hydropower station are as follows:
step 7): changing the pressure output by the pressure tank (13), namely changing the simulated water head at the inlet of the hydropower station, repeating the steps 3) to 6) under the same conditions, and developing a comparison experiment of the influence of the shrinkage acceleration flow of different water heads at the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station.
3. The experimental method for simulating the influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of water inlet of hydropower station on fish body according to claim 1, wherein the experimental method comprises the following steps: the influence contrast experiment steps of the contracted acceleration flow formed by the different inlet cross-sectional areas of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station are as follows:
step 8): changing the angle of upward bending of the water inlet top plate (3), namely changing the section area of the water inlet, changing the section flow velocity of the water inlet, repeating the steps 2) to 6) under the same conditions, and carrying out the influence comparison experiment of the contracted acceleration flow formed by the sections of different inlets of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station.
4. The experimental method for simulating the influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of water inlet of hydropower station on fish body according to claim 1, wherein the experimental method comprises the following steps: the comparative experiment steps for the influence of the fish body through the water inlet of the hydropower station under different water flow rates are as follows:
step 9): changing the rotating speed of the variable-frequency circulating water pump (9), namely changing the flow of the experiment water tank (1), simulating the flow change of the hydropower station, repeating the steps 1) to 6) under other conditions, and developing a comparison experiment of the influence of different water flow on the fish body through the water inlet of the hydropower station.
5. The experimental method for simulating the influence of shrinkage and acceleration flow of water inlet of hydropower station on fish body according to claim 1, wherein the experimental method comprises the following steps: the contrast experiment steps of the influence of different shrinkage acceleration flow gradients of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station are as follows:
step 10): and (3) moving the pushing baffle plate (4) outwards or inwards so as to change the angle between the accelerating flow side plate (7) and the side wall of the experiment water tank (1), namely changing the flow velocity gradient of the water flow in the shrinkage accelerating flow area of the water inlet of the simulated hydropower station, repeating the steps 2) to 6), and carrying out a comparison experiment of the influence of different shrinkage accelerating flow gradients of the water inlet of the hydropower station on the fish body passing through the water inlet of the hydropower station.
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| CN204959679U (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2016-01-13 | 河海大学 | Fishway experimental apparatus |
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