CN107787904B - Experimental device and method for simulating influence of runner eddy current of water turbine on fish body passing through machine - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating influence of runner eddy current of water turbine on fish body passing through machine Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 340
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
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- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and method for simulating the influence of runner eddy currents of a water turbine on a fish body passing through the machine. The experimental fish oxygen supply device comprises an oxygen tank, a vent valve and an oxygen pipeline; the experimental fish reaction zone comprises a sealed water tank with two small holes on the top and a vacuum pressure gauge; the simulation flow channel eddy current generating device comprises a roller or an impeller, an electromagnetic relay switch system and a grid sponge; the experiment recording device comprises a high-speed camera and an amplification display screen; the experimental water circulation treatment device comprises a water suction pipeline, a water pressing pipeline, a water pump and a water body filtering device. The invention aims to obtain an ideal simulation effect of the runner vortex of the water turbine on the influence of the fish body passing through the machine by adopting an economic, environment-friendly, simple and easy method with obvious effect, and provide data support for further constructing the 'parent fish type' water turbine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the influence of a runner vortex of a water turbine on a fish body passing through a machine.
Background
The water turbine is a hydraulic prime mover which converts water flow energy into rotating mechanical energy of a rotating wheel, mainly uses the kinetic energy and potential energy of water flow to do work, is main power equipment of a hydropower station and is used for driving a generator to work to obtain electric energy, but the water turbine may cause certain damage to fishes in the operation process. Migratory fish may suffer serious damage when passing through the turbine, and non-migratory fish may also be damaged by the turbine's operation being sucked into the turbine runner. For a conventional turbine, the mortality rate of fish passing through the turbine is over 30%.
According to the analysis of a research group on the survival rate of fishes in a water turbine runner of the American army engineering Master (USACE) in 1995, four mechanisms that fishes may be damaged when descending through the water turbine runner include machinery, pressure, shearing force, cavitation and the like. The mechanical reason refers to that fish collide with turbine elements in a flow passage or objects in water flow to be damaged when passing through the flow passage of the water turbine: the pressure reason is that the fish can be damaged by sudden pressure change at the place where the energy conversion is carried out in the flow passage of the water turbine; the shearing force reason refers to that large shearing stress appears near a solid boundary in a flow passage of the water turbine to damage fishes; the cavitation erosion reason refers to cavitation erosion phenomenon generated in a flow channel of the water turbine, and high-pressure shock waves or high-speed micro jet flow can be generated nearby bubbles in the process from formation to collapse, so that fish are damaged.
Among the four reasons mentioned above, the shear stress is also related to the strength of the vortex in the flow field, such as the strong shear stress generated by the vortex caused by the separation of water flow due to water leakage at the end surface of the guide vane of the Kaplan turbine and the gap between the vane and the runner. The vortex flow in the draft tube will also generate strong shear forces. In addition, the vortex can also disorient the fish, making it more susceptible to being predated by other fish and birds.
In order to further construct a 'parent fish type' water turbine, damage to fish caused by various mechanisms is necessary to be found, so that the structure of the water turbine is improved, and a manual simulation experiment is generally adopted. The invention aims to adopt an economic, environment-friendly, simple and easy method with obvious effect, and use an experimental device to simulate the influence of the runner vortex of the water turbine on the fish body passing through the machine, thereby obtaining ideal simulation effect as far as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device and method for simulating the influence of the runner vortex of a water turbine on a fish body passing through the machine aiming at the defects of the prior art, so that data information of different reactions of the fish body under different speeds, different directions and different sizes of vortices is obtained, and support is provided for further improving the structure of the water turbine.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an experimental apparatus of simulation hydraulic turbine runner vortex to crossing quick-witted fish body influence, it is including being used for providing the experiment fish body oxygen supply apparatus of oxygen for the experiment fish body for carry out the experiment fish body reaction zone in reaction space for the experiment fish body, experiment fish body reaction zone links to each other with simulation runner vortex generation device, still includes the experiment recording device that is used for carrying out the record to the experimentation and is used for the experiment water circulation water installation of experiment water circulation backward flow.
The experimental fish oxygen supply device comprises an oxygen tank, the oxygen tank directly supplies oxygen to the experimental fish reaction area through an oxygen pipeline, a digital display operation table is arranged on the oxygen tank, and the oxygen amount output by the oxygen tank is controlled through the digital display operation table; and a vent valve is arranged at one end of the oxygen pipeline close to the oxygen tank, and the opening and closing of oxygen delivery are controlled through the vent valve.
The experimental fish body reaction zone comprises a sealed water tank, the sealed water tank is formed by splicing transparent toughened glass, a first hole and a second hole are formed in the top of the sealed water tank, and an oxygen pipeline penetrates through the first hole; the second hole penetrates through the water and air supply pipeline; and a vacuum pressure gauge is arranged at the top of the sealed water tank and monitors the pressure in the sealed water tank.
The analog flow channel eddy current generating device comprises a roller, an electromagnetic relay switch system, an amplifying circuit and a computer; the drum is connected with a computer through an amplifying circuit, and the computer controls the rotation speed and direction of a built-in motor of the drum to simulate the size, speed and direction of a runner eddy current; the roller is arranged at the bottom of the sealed water tank through an electromagnetic relay switch system; the periphery of the roller is covered with a layer of grid sponge.
The experiment recording device comprises a high-speed camera, an A/D digital-to-analog conversion card and an amplifying display screen; the high-speed camera adopts an underwater camera and can keep stable operation in water; the high-speed camera is connected with the amplifying display screen through an A/D digital-to-analog conversion card; the high-speed cameras are four in number, one is uniformly distributed at four corners of the sealed water tank, and the high-speed cameras are arranged at 3/4-4/5 of the height of the sealed water tank.
The experimental circulating water device comprises an experimental water supply device and an experimental water collecting and treating device; the experimental water supply device comprises a transparent water tank, a first water pressing pipeline, a second water pressing pipeline, a water pump, a rotatable seamless elbow and a water inlet valve, wherein the transparent water tank is connected with the sealed water tank through the first water pressing pipeline and the second water pressing pipeline; the first pressurized water pipeline and the second pressurized water pipeline are connected through a rotatable seamless elbow, a water inlet of the first pressurized water pipeline extends to a position below the liquid level of the transparent water tank until the bottom of the transparent water tank, a water outlet of the second pressurized water pipeline extends to a position about 1/2 degrees below the liquid level of the sealed water tank, and a water inlet valve is arranged at the water inlet; the water pump is arranged at the bottom of the transparent water tank and is connected with the first water pressing pipeline through a water inlet valve.
The experimental water collecting and treating device comprises a water suction pipeline, a bulb type water body filtering device and a water outlet valve; the bulb type water body filtering device is respectively connected with the sealed water tank and the transparent water tank through a water suction pipeline; the transparent water tank is used for collecting water after experimental treatment; and a water outlet valve is arranged at one end of the water suction pipeline close to the sealed water tank.
Five separation interlayers are arranged in the bulb type water body filtering device, the first interlayer is a grid mesh in a rectangular grid shape, fine sand is filled in the second interlayer, cobblestones are filled in the third interlayer, reed is filled in the fourth interlayer, and active carbon is filled in the fifth interlayer.
The experimental fish body is 8-12 cm long juvenile fish.
The experimental method of the experimental device for simulating the influence of the runner vortex of the water turbine on the fish body passing through the machine comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling the experimental device, and enabling the oxygen pipeline to pass through the first hole and the first water pressure pipeline to pass through the second hole;
step 2: preparing before experiment, turning on a tap water switch to discharge water to a transparent water tank, turning on a water inlet valve, turning on a water pump to inject water to a sealed water tank when the liquid level in the transparent water tank reaches 2/3, turning off the tap water switch, the water pump and the water inlet valve until the liquid level in the sealed water tank reaches 4/5, moving a second water pressing pipeline below the liquid level out of the liquid level through a rotatable seamless elbow, and using an vacated second hole as an exhaust hole; meanwhile, an electromagnetic relay switch system is turned on to ensure that the roller is tightly connected to the bottom of the sealed water tank;
step 3: in the experimental process, firstly, experimental fish bodies are put into a sealed water tank, in order to ensure the safe life of the fish bodies and reduce the experimental error, an oxygen tank and a vent valve are opened, oxygen is continuously introduced into the experimental fish bodies through an oxygen pipeline, the output oxygen amount is ensured by a digital display operating platform, a pressure gauge is concerned at any time in the experimental process, and the liquid backflow caused by the pressure difference is avoided;
step 4: programming a program by a computer, controlling the rotating speed and direction of a built-in motor of the roller under the connection of an amplifying circuit so as to simulate the eddy current of a flow channel of the water turbine, recording the rotating radius of a water body in the sealed water tank and the control frequency of the motor on the program programmed by the computer at the moment, and storing the program as experimental data for one time; meanwhile, the reaction of the experimental fish body is roughly observed through the outside of the sealed water tank, or the image data on the amplification display screen is projected and recorded through a high-definition camera connected with an A/D digital-to-analog conversion card, and the physiological reaction of the experimental fish body is observed in detail;
step 5: closing all instruments in the experimental area, taking out the fish body for the experiment, carrying out physiological inspection on the fish body, loading and naming the video data on the enlarged display screen, further observing the reaction of the fish body, and determining a group of experiments;
step 6: after one group of experiments are finished, the water in the sealed water tank in the experimental area is polluted, the next experiment is influenced, and the experimental water needs to be treated; opening a water outlet valve, allowing the experimental water to flow through the bulb-type water body filtering device through a water suction pipeline and sequentially pass through five layers of interlayers in the bulb-type water body filtering device to achieve the effect of purifying the water body; during treatment, the water inlet valve can be opened, so that the treated water enters the sealed water tank again through the pressurized water pipeline and is repeatedly and circularly filtered; the treated water body reaches the transparent water tank again for the next experiment to be practical, and the whole process of one experiment is completed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. among various factors of the water turbine influencing the machine fish body, the influence of the vortex is intensively researched. The damage condition of the vortex to the fish body under different conditions is observed by artificially simulating the vortex of a water turbine runner and controlling the size, the speed and the direction of the vortex, so that perfect data can be obtained, and reference is provided for further constructing a 'parent fish type' water turbine.
2. The experimental device aims to adopt an economic, environment-friendly, simple and easy method with obvious effect to comprehensively and accurately simulate the influence of the turbine runner eddy current on the fish body as far as possible.
3. The output oxygen amount can be intuitively controlled through a digital operation table on the oxygen tank.
4. Through electromagnetism relay switch system, simulation runner vortex generates the device and can firmly connect in the bottom of experiment fish body reaction zone sealed water tank, can not arouse the runaway.
5. The speed and direction of the rotation of the drum built-in motor controlled by a computer can simulate the eddy current of the water turbine runner under different conditions. Meanwhile, the layer of grid sponge covered on the periphery of the roller can avoid collision between the experimental fish body and the roller, and reduce experimental errors.
6. Because the fish body under the vortex condition moves around the vortex center under water, in order to comprehensively and completely record the process, an underwater high-speed camera is used, and meanwhile, because the angle of the camera possibly has deviation, the high-speed camera is arranged at four corners of the sealed water tank.
7. The experimental water is treated by the bulb type water body filtering device, the filtering device is divided into five interlayers, the first interlayer is a grid mesh of a grid, the second interlayer is filled with fine sand, the third interlayer is filled with cobblestones, the fourth interlayer is filled with reeds, and the fifth interlayer is filled with active carbon.
8. The water pump, the water pressing pipeline and the water suction pipeline, the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve are used jointly, so that the circulation of the water for the whole experiment can be controlled, and the purposes of water drainage once and repeated use are achieved.
9. The water pressing pipeline is connected by a rotatable seamless elbow at a corner, and when water in the sealed water tank reaches 4/5 of the volume of the whole tank body, the pipeline can be directly moved out of an experimental area through rotation.
10. The top of the sealed water tank is provided with a first hole and a second hole, wherein the first hole facilitates the arrangement of an oxygen pipeline, and the second hole facilitates the arrangement of a water pressing pipeline on one hand and also serves as an exhaust hole on the other hand. Meanwhile, a vacuum pressure gauge is arranged at the top of the large water tank, so that the pressure inside the large water tank is monitored safely, and liquid backflow caused by pressure difference is avoided.
11. The experiment area sealed water tank is formed by assembling toughened glass, so that the activity of the fish body can be conveniently and directly observed, and the fish body can be conveniently cleaned after being disassembled.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises an oxygen tank 1, a digital display operating platform 2, a vent valve 3, an oxygen pipeline 4, a sealed water tank 5, a first hole 6, a second hole 7, a vacuum pressure gauge 8, an experimental juvenile fish 9, a roller 10, a grid sponge 11, an electromagnetic relay switch system 12, an amplifying circuit 13, a computer 14, an underwater high-speed camera 15, an A/D (analog-to-digital) conversion card 16, an amplifying display screen 17, a tap water switch 18, a transparent water tank 19, a water pump 20, a water inlet valve 21, a first water pressure pipeline 22, a seamless elbow 23, a first water pressure pipeline 24, a water outlet valve 25, a bulb type water body filtering device 26 and a water suction pipeline 27.
Figure 2 is a top view of the drum in the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the improved device of the present invention.
In the figure: the impeller 30 has the same structure as that of the first drawing.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the pulsator after the improvement of the device of the present invention.
The arrows in the figure indicate the direction of flow of the water flow.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-2, an experimental device for simulating the influence of a water turbine runner on a fish body passing through a machine comprises an experimental oxygen supply device, an experimental fish body reaction area, a simulated runner vortex generation device, an experimental recording device and an experimental circulating water device.
Further, the experimental fish oxygen supply device comprises an oxygen tank 1, the oxygen tank 1 directly supplies oxygen to the experimental fish through an oxygen pipeline 4, a digital display operation table 2 is arranged on the oxygen tank 1, and the amount of the oxygen output from the oxygen tank 1 is controlled through the digital display operation table 2; the oxygen pipeline 4 is provided with a vent valve 3 near the oxygen tank 1, and the opening and closing of oxygen delivery are controlled through the vent valve 3.
Further, the experimental fish body reaction zone comprises a sealed water tank 5, the sealed water tank 7 is formed by splicing transparent toughened glass, a first hole 6 and a second hole 7 are formed in the top of the sealed water tank, the diameter of the first hole 6 is 2cm, the diameter of the second hole 7 is 8cm, the first hole 6 is used for arranging an oxygen pipeline, and the second hole 7 is used for facilitating water supply and serving as an exhaust hole; a vacuum pressure gauge 8 is arranged at the top of the sealed water tank 5, so that the pressure in the large water tank is safely monitored, and liquid backflow caused by pressure difference is avoided; the experimental fish body 9 is a juvenile fish 8-12 cm long.
Further, the analog flow channel eddy current generating device comprises a roller 10, an electromagnetic relay switch system 12, an amplifying circuit 13 and a computer 14; the drum 10 is connected with a computer 14 through an amplifying circuit 13, the computer 14 controls the rotation speed and direction of a built-in motor of the drum 9 through an input programming program, and the size, speed and direction of a vortex in a flow channel of the water turbine can be simulated; the roller 10 is tightly installed at the bottom of the sealed water tank 5 through an electromagnetic relay switch system 12; a layer of grid sponge 11 covers the periphery of the roller 10, so that the experimental fish body 9 is prevented from colliding with the roller 10.
Further, the experimental recording device comprises a high-speed camera 15, an A/D digital-to-analog conversion card 16 and an amplification display screen 17; the high-speed camera 15 still keeps stable operation in water; the high-definition camera 15 is connected with an amplification display screen 17 through an A/D digital-to-analog conversion card 16; the high-speed cameras 15 are four in number, one is arranged at each of four corners of the sealed water tank 5, and the high-speed cameras are arranged at 3/4-4/5 of the height of the sealed water tank 5.
Further, the experimental circulating water device comprises an experimental water supply device and an experimental water collecting and treating device; the experimental water supply device comprises a transparent water tank 19, water pressure pipelines 22 and 24, a water pump 20, a rotatable seamless elbow 23 and a water inlet valve 21; the transparent water tank 19 is connected with the sealed water tank 7 through a first water pressing pipeline 22 and a first water pressing pipeline 24; the first water pressing pipeline 22 is connected with the first water pressing pipeline 24 through a rotatable seamless elbow 23, the first water pressing pipeline extends into the position below the liquid level of the transparent water tank 19 to the bottom of the transparent water tank at the inlet, extends into the position 1/2 below the liquid level of the sealed water tank 5 at the outlet, and is also provided with a water inlet valve 21 at the water inlet; the water pump 20 is arranged at the bottom of the transparent water tank 19.
Further, the experimental water collection and treatment device comprises a water suction pipeline 27, a bulb-type water body filtering device 26 and a water outlet valve 25. The bulb type water body filtering device 26 is respectively connected with the sealed water tank 5 of the experimental fish body reaction area and the transparent water tank 19 of the experimental water supply device through a water suction pipeline 27; the transparent water tank 19 collects the water after the experiment treatment for the next experiment to achieve the purpose of recycling water; the water suction pipeline 27 is provided with a water outlet valve 25 at the end close to the large water tank 7.
Further, the bulb-type water body filtering device 26 is internally provided with five separation interlayers, the first interlayer is a grid mesh with 8 × 8mm grids, the second interlayer is filled with fine sand, the third interlayer is filled with cobblestones, the fourth interlayer is filled with reeds, and the fifth interlayer is filled with activated carbon, so that the materials can be used for filtering and purifying the water body after the experiment.
Furthermore, the experimental fish reaction zone seals the water tank 5 and the transparent water tank 19 of the experimental circulating water device, and the maximum water storage value of the experimental fish reaction zone does not exceed 4/5 of the water storage capacity of the container.
The invention relates to an instrument and a structural size used by an experimental device for simulating the influence of a runner vortex of a water turbine on a fish body passing through a machine, which are characterized in that:
1. the oxygen tank 1 is of a SY-09-5L type, and the oxygen solubility in the oxygen tank is 50% +/-5%;
2. the diameter of the oxygen pipeline is 8mm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 5 mm;
3. the size of the sealed water tank 5 is: the radius of the bottom is 0.8m, and the height is 1 m;
4. a YZ-100 type vacuum pressure gauge 8 at the top of the sealed water tank 5 is selected, and the measurement range is-0.2 MPa-0.8 MPa;
5. the roller 10 is made of common carbon steel galvanized material, the radius is 0.2m, the height is 0.35m, and the output voltage of a built-in motor is 380V;
6. the electromagnetic relay switch system is of RRTL-SR048 type, and the output voltage is 380V;
7. the output current range of the amplifying circuit 13 is 0-10 mA;
8. the high-speed camera 15 adopts an Yi sail YF-1160S type underwater high-speed camera;
9. the A/D digital-to-analog conversion card adopts an AC11057 type universal A/D plate;
10. the size of the large transparent water tank 19 is as follows: the radius of the bottom is 1m, and the height is 0.6 m;
11. the water pump 20 adopts QS20-1.8-2.2 type, and the output current is 6.5A;
12. the diameters of the water pressing pipelines 22 and 24 are 6cm, and the thickness of the pipe wall is 8 mm; the diameter of the water suction pipeline 27 is 5cm, the thickness of the pipe wall is 6mm, and detachable PVC water pipes are selected.
Example 2:
the experimental method adopting the experimental device of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling the experimental device, and enabling the oxygen pipeline 4 to penetrate through the first hole 6 and the first water pressing pipeline 22 to penetrate through the second hole 7;
step 2: preparing before experiment, turning on a tap water switch 18 to discharge water to a transparent water tank 19, turning on a water inlet valve 21, turning on a water pump 20 to fill water to a sealed water tank 5 when the liquid level in the transparent water tank 19 reaches 2/3, turning off the tap water switch 18, the water pump 20 and the water inlet valve 21 until the liquid level in the sealed water tank 5 reaches 4/5, moving a second water pressing pipeline 24 below the liquid level out of the liquid level through a rotatable seamless elbow 23, and using an empty second hole 7 as an exhaust hole; meanwhile, the electromagnetic relay switch system 12 is turned on to ensure that the roller 10 is tightly connected to the bottom of the sealed water tank 5;
step 3: in the experimental process, firstly, the experimental fish body 9 is put into the sealed water tank 5, in order to ensure the safe life of the fish body 9 and reduce the experimental error, the oxygen tank 1 and the vent valve 3 are opened, oxygen is continuously introduced into the experimental fish body 9 through the oxygen pipeline 4, the output oxygen amount is ensured by the digital display operation table 2, the pressure gauge 8 is concerned at any time in the experimental process, and the liquid reflux caused by the pressure difference is avoided;
step 4: the program is programmed by the computer 14, the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the built-in motor of the roller 10 are controlled under the connection of the amplifying circuit 13, so that the eddy current of a flow channel of the water turbine is simulated, the rotating radius of the water body in the sealed water tank 5 and the control frequency of the motor in the program programmed by the computer 14 at the moment are recorded and stored as experimental data; meanwhile, the reaction of the experimental fish body 9 is roughly observed through the outside of the sealed water tank 5, or the image data on the amplifying display screen 17 is projected and recorded through the high-definition camera 15 connected with the A/D digital-to-analog conversion card 16, and the physiological reaction of the experimental fish body 9 is observed in detail;
step 5: closing all instruments in the experimental area, taking out the fish body 9 for experiment, carrying out physiological inspection on the fish body, loading and naming the video data on the enlarged display screen 17, further observing the reaction of the fish body, and determining a group of experiments;
step 6: after one group of experiments are finished, the water in the sealed water tank 5 in the experimental area is polluted, the next experiment is influenced, and the water for the experiment needs to be treated; the water outlet valve 25 is opened, so that the experimental water flows through the bulb-type water body filtering device 26 through the water suction pipeline 27 and sequentially passes through five layers of interlayers in the bulb-type water body filtering device 26, and the water body purification effect is achieved; during treatment, the water inlet valve 21 can be opened, treated water enters the sealed water tank 5 through the water pressing pipeline 22 again, and repeated circulation filtration is carried out; the treated water body reaches the transparent water tank 19 again for the next experiment to be practical, and the whole process of one experiment is completed.
Example 3:
in the present invention, the volume of the drum 10 has an influence on the experiment, and in order to reduce the error caused by the volume of the drum 10, it can be considered to modify the drum 10 and replace it with another apparatus which acts like a drum but does not occupy too much space in the sealed water tank 5. In order to solve this problem, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the pulsator 28 may be used instead, and the rotation speed and direction of the pulsator 28 may form eddy currents with different sizes, speeds and directions. The other configurations were kept the same as in example 1; similarly, the principle and operation of the modified experimental apparatus are the same as those of example 2.
Preferably, the selected impeller has a radius of 0.15m, is provided with 5 impeller blades, and is made of common aluminum alloy materials.
From the above description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the details given herein, but is within the ordinary knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an experimental device of simulation hydraulic turbine runner vortex to crossing quick-witted fish influence which characterized in that: the experimental fish body oxygen supply device comprises an experimental fish body oxygen supply device for supplying oxygen to an experimental fish body (9), an experimental fish body reaction zone for supplying a reaction space to the experimental fish body, an experimental recording device for recording an experimental process and an experimental circulating water device for circulating and refluxing an experimental water body, wherein the experimental fish body reaction zone is connected with the simulated runner vortex generating device;
the experimental fish oxygen supply device comprises an oxygen tank (1), the oxygen tank (1) directly supplies oxygen to an experimental fish reaction area through an oxygen pipeline (4), a digital display operation table (2) is arranged on the oxygen tank (1), and the oxygen amount output by the oxygen tank (1) is controlled through the digital display operation table (2); a vent valve (3) is arranged at one end of the oxygen pipeline (4) close to the oxygen tank (1), and the opening and closing of oxygen delivery are controlled through the vent valve (3);
the experimental fish body reaction zone comprises a sealed water tank (5), the sealed water tank (5) is formed by splicing transparent toughened glass, a first hole (6) and a second hole (7) are formed in the top of the sealed water tank, and an oxygen pipeline (4) penetrates through the first hole (6); the second hole (7) passes through the water and air supply pipeline; a vacuum pressure gauge (8) is arranged at the top of the sealed water tank (5), and the pressure in the sealed water tank (5) is monitored;
the analog flow channel eddy current generating device comprises a roller (10), an electromagnetic relay switch system (12), an amplifying circuit (13) and a computer (14); the drum (10) is connected with a computer (14) through an amplifying circuit (13), and the computer (14) is used for controlling the rotation speed and direction of a built-in motor of the drum (10) and simulating the size, speed and direction of a runner eddy current; the roller (10) is arranged at the bottom of the sealed water tank (5) through an electromagnetic relay switch system (12); a layer of grid sponge (11) covers the periphery of the roller (10);
the experiment recording device comprises a high-speed camera (15), an A/D digital-to-analog conversion card (16) and an amplification display screen (17); the high-speed camera (15) adopts an underwater camera, and can keep stable operation in water; the high-speed camera (15) is connected with an amplifying display screen (17) through an A/D digital-to-analog conversion card (16); the number of the high-speed cameras (15) is four, one camera is uniformly arranged at each of four corners of the sealed water tank (5), and the cameras are arranged at 3/4-4/5 of the height of the sealed water tank (5);
the experimental circulating water device comprises an experimental water supply device and an experimental water collecting and treating device; the experimental water supply device comprises a transparent water tank (19), a first water pressing pipeline (22), a second water pressing pipeline (24), a water pump (20), a rotatable seamless elbow (23) and a water inlet valve (21), wherein the transparent water tank (19) is connected with the sealed water tank (5) through the first water pressing pipeline (22) and the second water pressing pipeline (24); the first water pressing pipeline (22) is connected with the second water pressing pipeline (24) through a rotatable seamless elbow (23), a water inlet of the first water pressing pipeline (22) extends into a position below the liquid level of the transparent water tank (19) to the bottom of the transparent water tank, a water outlet of the second water pressing pipeline (24) extends into a position about 1/2 degrees below the liquid level of the sealed water tank (5), and a water inlet valve (21) is arranged at the water inlet; the water pump (20) is arranged at the bottom of the transparent water tank (19) and is connected with the first water pressing pipeline (22) through a water inlet valve (21);
the experimental water collection and treatment device comprises a water suction pipeline (27), a bulb type water body filtering device (26) and a water outlet valve (25); the bulb type water body filtering device (26) is respectively connected with the sealed water tank (5) and the transparent water tank (19) through a water suction pipeline (27); the transparent water tank (19) collects water after experimental treatment; and a water outlet valve is arranged at one end of the water suction pipeline (27) close to the sealed water tank (5).
2. The experimental device for simulating the influence of the turbine runner vortex on the fish body of the aircraft according to claim 1, wherein: five separation interlayers are arranged in the bulb type water body filtering device (26), the first interlayer is a grid mesh in a rectangular grid shape, fine sand is filled in the second interlayer, cobblestones are filled in the third interlayer, reed is filled in the fourth interlayer, and active carbon is filled in the fifth interlayer.
3. The experimental device for simulating the influence of the turbine runner vortex on the fish body of the aircraft according to claim 1, wherein: the experimental fish body (9) is a juvenile fish 8-12 cm long.
4. An experimental method for simulating the influence of the runner vortex of the water turbine on the fish body passing through the machine by adopting the experimental device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: assembling the experimental device, and enabling the oxygen pipeline (4) to penetrate through the first hole (6) and the second water pressing pipeline (24) to penetrate through the second hole (7);
step 2: preparing before experiment, turning on a tap water switch (18) to discharge water to a transparent water tank (19), turning on a water inlet valve (21), turning on a water pump (20) to fill water to a sealed water tank (5) when the liquid level in the transparent water tank (19) reaches 2/3, turning off the tap water switch (18), the water pump (20) and the water inlet valve (21) until the liquid level in the sealed water tank (5) reaches 4/5, moving a second water pressure pipeline (24) below the liquid level out of the liquid level through a rotatable seamless elbow (23), and using an empty second hole (7) as an exhaust hole; meanwhile, an electromagnetic relay switch system (12) is turned on to ensure that the roller (10) is tightly connected to the bottom of the sealed water tank (5);
step 3: in the experimental process, firstly, an experimental fish body (9) is put into a sealed water tank (5), in order to ensure the safe life of the experimental fish body (9) and reduce the experimental error, an oxygen tank (1) and a vent valve (3) are opened, oxygen is continuously introduced into the experimental fish body (9) through an oxygen pipeline (4), the output oxygen amount is ensured by a digital display operation table (2), a vacuum pressure gauge (8) is concerned at any time in the experimental process, and the liquid backflow caused by pressure difference is avoided;
step 4: the program is programmed through the computer (14), the rotating speed and the rotating direction of a built-in motor of the roller (10) are controlled under the connection of the amplifying circuit (13), so that the eddy current of a flow channel of the water turbine is simulated, the rotating radius of a water body in the sealed water tank (5) and the control frequency of the motor on the program programmed by the computer (14) at the moment are recorded, and the data are stored as experimental data for one time; meanwhile, the reaction of the experimental fish body (9) is roughly observed through the outside of the sealed water tank (5), or the image data on the amplifying display screen (17) is projected and recorded through a high-speed camera (15) connected with an A/D digital-to-analog conversion card (16), and the physiological reaction of the experimental fish body (9) is observed in detail;
step 5: closing all instruments in the experimental area, taking out the experimental fish body (9), carrying out physiological inspection on the experimental fish body, loading and naming the video data on the amplified display screen (17), further observing the reaction of the experimental fish body, and determining a group of experiments;
step 6: after one group of experiments are finished, the water in the sealed water tank (5) in the experimental area is polluted, the next experiment is influenced, and the water for the experiment needs to be treated; opening a water outlet valve (25), allowing the experimental water to flow through a bulb-type water body filtering device (26) through a water suction pipeline (27) and sequentially pass through five layers of interlayers in the bulb-type water body filtering device (26) to achieve the effect of purifying the water body; during treatment, the water inlet valve (21) is opened, and treated water enters the sealed water tank (5) through the first water pressing pipeline (22) again for repeated circulating filtration; the treated water body reaches the transparent water tank (19) again for use in the next experiment, so that the whole process of one experiment is completed.
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| CN201711080219.7A CN107787904B (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2017-11-06 | Experimental device and method for simulating influence of runner eddy current of water turbine on fish body passing through machine |
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