CN114892051B - Aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the transmission shaft tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.6 to 1.0 percent; cu:0.5 to 0.7 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.3%; mn:0.2 to 0.5 percent; mg:0.7 to 1.0 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; cr:0.1 to 0.2 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti is less than or equal to 0.2%; the rare earth element Sc is also contained in the alloy: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; ce:0.15 to 0.25 percent; la:0.15 to 0.25 percent and the balance of Al; the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: batching, smelting, casting, ingot homogenization treatment, extrusion, annealing, cold rolling, solution quenching, artificial aging and straightening. The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube, which meets the mechanical property requirement of an automobile on the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube; the deformation amount in the cold rolling process is improved, the occurrence of cracks of the transmission shaft tube in the cold rolling process is avoided, the forming rate of the transmission shaft tube is improved, the processing procedure of the transmission shaft tube is simplified, and the efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to a manufacturing method of an automobile transmission shaft tube, in particular to an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube and a manufacturing method thereof.
The background technology is as follows:
the transmission shaft is an important part in a chassis system of a commercial vehicle, and is made of steel materials at present and is widely applied to 45 # steel. With the development of light weight of automobiles, aluminum alloy materials are gradually adopted to replace steel materials, the weight can be reduced to about 1/3 of the original weight, the oil consumption is reduced, and the method has great significance for realizing weight and emission reduction.
The patent with publication number CN112853176A discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy for an automobile transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof, wherein the performance of the material reaches that the tensile strength is more than or equal to 450Mpa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 420Mpa, the elongation is more than or equal to 11%, the strength of a welded joint after welding meets the requirement of more than 70% of a base metal, but the magnesium content in the components of the aluminum alloy disclosed in the patent is higher than 1.2-1.8%, cold rolling treatment cannot be carried out to prepare the transmission shaft tube, if the aluminum alloy is subjected to cold rolling treatment, cracks can appear, the prepared part is directly scrapped, the material waste is caused, the cost is increased, and the efficiency is low.
The patent with publication number CN113684401A discloses an aluminum alloy for a high-service transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof, wherein the performance of the aluminum alloy meets the requirements of tensile strength of 380-450 MPa, yield strength of 350-420 MPa, elongation of 10-12%, hardness of 125-145 HB, weld strength of 75% higher than that of a base metal, yield torque of more than 1.5 times of rated torque, and fatigue life of the transmission shaft reaches 28.5 ten thousand times. However, the aluminum alloy disclosed in this patent has a high magnesium content of 1.05-1.9% and cannot be cold rolled to produce a driveshaft tube, and if the aluminum alloy is cold rolled, cracks occur, so that the driveshaft tube is processed in a forging manner, but the forged driveshaft tube has poor precision, requires re-finishing treatment, is complicated in process, and has low efficiency.
The invention comprises the following steps:
in view of the above, the present invention is directed to an aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube and a manufacturing method thereof, which can meet the mechanical performance requirements of automobiles on the aluminum alloy driveshaft tube.
The technical scheme of the invention discloses an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.6 to 1.0 percent; cu:0.5 to 0.7 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.3%; mn:0.2 to 0.5 percent; mg:0.7 to 1.0 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; cr:0.1 to 0.2 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti is less than or equal to 0.2%; the rare earth element Sc is also contained in the alloy: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; ce:0.15 to 0.25 percent; la:0.15 to 0.25 percent and the balance of Al.
The component design thought in the invention is specifically as follows:
the addition of Mg and Si in the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube mainly gives full play to the aging effect of the main alloy element Mg and Si (the main reinforcement item is Mg 2 Si). On the basis, the proportion of Mg and Si elements is optimized. From the AI-Mg-Si equilibrium diagram (shown in FIG. 1), it is known that when Mg:1.17%, si: at 0.68% (when the mass ratio of Mg to Si elements is 1.73), a pseudo-binary eutectic cross section is formed, the left and right sides of the cross section each having a eutectic system, alpha (Al) Mg near one side of Si 2 The intensity in the Si three-phase region is the largest (after heat treatment). On one hand, the micro-excessive Si can promote the precipitation of atomic clusters, so that the size of the strengthening phase is finer; on the other hand, a small excess of Si forms beta phase or Fe with Fe (when Si is larger than Fe) element 2 Si 2 Al 9 The three-phase compound acts as a nucleation point during crystallization of the crystal grains and has the function of refining the crystal grains, so that a small amount of Fe is also added into the alloy and is controlled within 0.3 percent. A slight excess of Si is beneficial to the strength improvement of the product; however, when the Mg content in the alloy is too high, cracks can appear on the transmission shaft tube manufactured by the later cold rolling, so the alloy is designed to have Si content ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 percent and Mg content ranging from 0.7 to 1.0 percent.
Cu is added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube. The plasticity during hot working can be improved, the heat treatment strengthening effect can be increased, the extrusion effect can be restrained, and the anisotropism of the alloy due to Mn addition can be reduced. If the addition amount is high, the heat crack tendency of the welded joint is increased, so the Cu content of the alloy design is 0.5-0.7%.
Cr is added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube pipe, so that Mg can be inhibited 2 The precipitation of Si phase in grain boundary delays natural aging process and improves strength after artificial aging. Cr can refine grains and make the recrystallized grains slender, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy. However, excessive Cr forms a insoluble phase with Fe and is easy to become a fatigue crack source, so Cr is designedThe content is 0.1-0.2%.
Mn is added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube, so that the strength can be improved, and the corrosion resistance, the impact toughness and the bending property can be improved. However, excessive Mn forms AlMgSi phase with Si, which reduces the alloy strengthening effect and also leads to intra-crystal segregation. Therefore, the Mn content is designed to be in the range of 0.2 to 0.5%.
Ti and Zn are added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube. Ti can further refine grains, promote the strengthening effect of alloy fine grains, and Zn element can promote Mg in the aging process 2 And Si is separated out, so that the ageing response speed of the alloy is improved.
Rare earth elements Sc, ce and La are added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube. Rare earth elements are added into the aluminum alloy, so that the components are supercooled, grains are refined, secondary crystal spacing is reduced, the mixing of gases in the aluminum alloy is reduced, and the inclusion phase tends to spheroidize during casting of the aluminum alloy. The method can also reduce the surface tension of the melt, increase the fluidity, be beneficial to casting into ingots, have obvious influence on the technological performance, and can excite the deterioration effect of the magnesium-containing aluminum alloy. The addition amount of rare earth elements is Sc:0.1 to 0.2 percent; 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Ce; la:0.15 to 0.25 percent.
The technical scheme of the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube, which comprises the following specific manufacturing processes: batching, smelting, casting, ingot homogenization treatment, extrusion, annealing, cold rolling, solution quenching, artificial aging and straightening.
Further, the casting procedure adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled to be 100-130m 3 /h。
Further, the ingot homogenizing treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
Further, the extrusion process specifically includes: preheating the aluminum alloy casting rod with the length of 0.35-0.40m to 440-520 ℃, and then extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter of phi 102-156mm in an extruder (2500T double-acting extruder, manufacturer: wuxi Shi Yi Zhang mechanical manufacturing Co., ltd.); wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; and during extrusion molding, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after extrusion.
Further, before preheating, the oxide skin on the surface of the aluminum alloy casting rod is removed.
Further, the annealing process specifically includes: heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then loading the annealing furnace into the seamless pipe until the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is raised to 400-450 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5 h, and then discharging and air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
Further, the cold rolling process specifically includes: and (3) adopting a two-roller tube mill (manufacturer: changzhou Xingtong mechanical manufacturing Co., ltd.; model: LG-150-G) to perform cold rolling on the blank tube at room temperature of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 70-80%, and the feeding speed of the two-roller tube mill in the cold rolling process is 15-40 r/min, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy tube with the outer diameter phi of 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000-7000 mm.
Further, the solution hardening step specifically includes: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, placing the aluminum alloy pipe in the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and immersing the aluminum alloy pipe in water at 10-35 ℃ for not more than 20s.
Further, the artificial aging process specifically includes: heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h for aging, and then naturally cooling.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention provides an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube, the mechanical property of which reaches the tensile strength of 400-430 Mpa, the yield strength of 380-405 Mpa, the elongation of 10-13% and the hardness of 115-130HB, thereby meeting the mechanical property requirement of the automobile on the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube.
2. The content of Mg element is reduced in the aluminum alloy of the transmission shaft tube, and the rare earth elements Sc, ce and La are added, so that the structure crystal grains in the cast alloy are fine and uniform, the deformation in the cold rolling process is improved, the transmission shaft tube is prevented from cracking in the cold rolling process, and the forming rate of the transmission shaft tube is improved.
3. The transmission shaft tube prepared by the method disclosed by the invention through cold deformation, solution quenching, artificial aging and straightening has high precision, can be directly used for assembling an automobile transmission shaft, does not need to be finished again, simplifies the processing procedure of the transmission shaft tube, and improves the efficiency.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an AI-Mg-Si equilibrium diagram.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of the shaft tube after cold rolling, wherein (a) is a photograph of the shaft tube after cold rolling of example 2, (b) is a photograph of the shaft tube after cold rolling of comparative example 1, and (c) is a photograph of the shaft tube after cold rolling of comparative example 2.
Fig. 3 is a metallographic photograph of an aluminum alloy cast bar after casting, wherein (a) is a metallographic photograph of an aluminum alloy cast bar after casting of example 2, and (b) is a metallographic photograph of an aluminum alloy cast bar after casting of comparative example 3.
Fig. 4 is a metallographic view of the driveshaft tube, where (a) is a metallographic view of the driveshaft tube of example 2 and (b) is a metallographic view of the driveshaft tube of comparative example 4.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples.
Example 1: the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.7%; cu:0.55%; fe:0.3%; mn:0.25%; mg:0.8%; zn:0.2%; cr:0.12%; ni:0.1%; ti:0.2%; the rare earth element Sc is also contained in the alloy: 0.14%; ce:0.2%; la:0.2%, the balance being Al.
The specific manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following steps: batching, smelting, casting, ingot homogenization treatment, extrusion, annealing, cold rolling, solution quenching, artificial aging and straightening.
The casting process adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled to be 100-130m 3 /h。
The ingot homogenizing treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
The extrusion process specifically comprises the following steps: removing the oxide skin on the surface of an aluminum alloy casting rod with the thickness of 0.35-0.40m, preheating the aluminum alloy casting rod to 440-520 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter of phi 102-156mm in an extruder; wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; when in extrusion molding, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after extrusion.
The annealing process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then filling the annealing furnace into a seamless pipe, keeping the temperature for 2-5 hours after the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is heated to 400-450 ℃, and then discharging the annealing furnace for air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
The cold rolling process specifically includes: and (3) carrying out cold rolling on the blank pipe by adopting a two-roller pipe mill at the room temperature of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 70%, the feeding speed of the two-roller pipe mill in the cold rolling process is 15-40 r/min, and the aluminum alloy pipe with the outer diameter of phi 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000-7000mm is obtained.
The solution hardening process specifically includes: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, placing the aluminum alloy pipe in the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and immersing the aluminum alloy pipe in water at 10-35 ℃ for transfer time not exceeding 20s.
The artificial aging process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h for aging, and then naturally cooling.
Mechanical property detection is performed on the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tubes disclosed in the embodiment of different specifications, and detailed results are shown in table 1:
table 1 mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube of example 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft pipe manufactured in example 1 is greater than 400MPa, the yield strength is greater than 380MPa, the elongation is greater than 10% and the hardness is greater than 115HB, thereby meeting the mechanical property requirements of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft pipe.
Example 2: the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.95%; cu:0.6%; fe:0.1%; mn:0.35%; mg:1.0%; zn:0.2%; cr:0.16%; ni:0.0031%; ti:0.034%; the rare earth element Sc is also contained in the alloy: 0.18%; ce:0.15%; la:0.15% and the balance of Al.
The specific manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following steps: batching, smelting, casting, ingot homogenization treatment, extrusion, annealing, cold rolling, solution quenching, artificial aging and straightening.
The casting process adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled to be 100-130m 3 /h。
The ingot homogenizing treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
The extrusion process specifically comprises the following steps: removing the oxide skin on the surface of an aluminum alloy casting rod with the thickness of 0.35-0.40m, preheating the aluminum alloy casting rod to 440-520 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter of phi 102-156mm in an extruder; wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; when in extrusion molding, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after extrusion.
The annealing process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then filling the annealing furnace into a seamless pipe, keeping the temperature for 2-5 hours after the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is heated to 400-450 ℃, and then discharging the annealing furnace for air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
The cold rolling process specifically includes: and (2) carrying out cold rolling on the blank pipe by adopting a two-roller pipe mill at the room temperature of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 75%, the feeding speed of the two-roller pipe mill in the cold rolling process is 15-40 r/min, and the aluminum alloy pipe with the outer diameter of phi 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000-7000mm is obtained, and the photo is taken for the aluminum alloy pipe, so that the photo is shown in figure 2 (a).
The solution hardening process specifically includes: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, placing the aluminum alloy pipe in the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and immersing the aluminum alloy pipe in water at 10-35 ℃ for transfer time not exceeding 20s.
The artificial aging process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h for aging, and then naturally cooling.
Mechanical property detection is performed on the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tubes disclosed in the embodiment of different specifications, and detailed results are shown in table 2:
table 2 mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube of example 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft pipe manufactured in example 2 is between 410 and 430Mpa, the yield strength is between 390 and 403Mpa, the elongation is more than 10%, the hardness is between 120 and 129HB, and the mechanical property requirements of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft pipe are met.
Example 3: the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.6%; cu:0.7%; fe:0.2%; mn:0.5%; mg:0.7%; zn:0.1%; cr:0.2%; ni:0.01%; ti:0.1%; the rare earth element Sc is also contained in the alloy: 0.2%; ce:0.25%; la:0.25%, the balance being Al.
The specific manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following steps: batching, smelting, casting, ingot homogenization treatment, extrusion, annealing, cold rolling, solution quenching, artificial aging and straightening.
The casting process adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled to be 100-130m 3 /h。
The ingot homogenizing treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
The extrusion process specifically comprises the following steps: removing the oxide skin on the surface of an aluminum alloy casting rod with the thickness of 0.35-0.40m, preheating the aluminum alloy casting rod to 440-520 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter of phi 102-156mm in an extruder; wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; when in extrusion molding, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after extrusion.
The annealing process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then filling the annealing furnace into a seamless pipe, keeping the temperature for 2-5 hours after the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is heated to 400-450 ℃, and then discharging the annealing furnace for air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
The cold rolling process specifically includes: and (3) carrying out cold rolling on the blank pipe by adopting a two-roller pipe mill at the room temperature of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 80%, the feeding speed of the two-roller pipe mill in the cold rolling process is 15-40 r/min, and the aluminum alloy pipe with the outer diameter of phi 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000-7000mm is obtained.
The solution hardening process specifically includes: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, placing the aluminum alloy pipe in the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and immersing the aluminum alloy pipe in water at 10-35 ℃ for transfer time not exceeding 20s.
The artificial aging process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h for aging, and then naturally cooling.
Mechanical property detection is performed on the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tubes disclosed in the embodiment of different specifications, and detailed results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 mechanical Properties of the aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube of example 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft pipe manufactured in example 3 is greater than 400MPa, the yield strength is greater than 380MPa, the elongation is greater than 10% and the hardness is greater than 115HB, thereby meeting the mechanical property requirements of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft pipe.
Comparative example 1: an aluminum alloy disclosed in embodiment one of the patent CN113684401a was prepared into an aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube according to the manufacturing process disclosed in example 2 of this invention, in which a photograph of the tube after cold rolling is shown in fig. 2 (b).
Comparative example 2: an aluminum alloy disclosed in embodiment five of the patent CN112853176a was prepared into an aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube according to the manufacturing process disclosed in example 2 of this invention, in which a photograph of the tube after cold rolling is shown in fig. 2 (c).
As can be seen from fig. 2 (a), the surface of the aluminum alloy pipe after cold rolling in example 2 of the present invention has no cracks; as can be seen from fig. 2 (b) and fig. 2 (c), the surfaces of the aluminum alloy pipes of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 after cold rolling have cracks, and the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft pipe disclosed by the invention reduces the content of Mg element and increases rare earth elements Sc, ce and La, so that cracks of the transmission shaft pipe in the cold rolling process are avoided, and the forming rate of the transmission shaft pipe is improved.
Comparative example 3: the only difference from example 2 is that the rare earth elements Sc, ce, and La are not added to the composition of the driveshaft tube material of this comparative example.
The aluminum alloy cast bars cast in example 2 and the aluminum alloy cast in comparative example 3 were each subjected to a metallographic treatment, and metallographic photographs were taken, as shown in fig. 3, with fig. 3 (a) being a metallographic photograph of the aluminum alloy cast bars cast in example 2, and fig. 3 (b) being a metallographic photograph of the aluminum alloy cast bars cast in comparative example 3.
The grains of the aluminum alloy cast bars cast in example 2 in fig. 3 (a) were significantly reduced in size as compared to those of the aluminum alloy cast bars cast in comparative example 3 in fig. 3 (b).
Comparative example 4: the difference from example 2 is only that in this comparative example, the annealing step was not followed by cold rolling but by forging at 460 to 530℃and with a forging deformation of 75%.
The driveshaft tube of example 2 and the driveshaft tube of comparative example 4 were each metallographic treated and a metallographic photograph was taken, as shown in fig. 4, with fig. 4 (a) being a metallographic photograph of the driveshaft tube of example 2 and fig. 4 (b) being a metallographic photograph of the driveshaft tube of comparative example 4.
The driveshaft tube of example 2 in fig. 4 (a) is finer in grain size than the driveshaft tube of comparative example 4 in fig. 4 (b), because cold rolling lengthens and breaks up the grain size, solution hardening and re-nucleation after artificial aging, and thus the grain size is fine and dense; the forging belongs to hot forging drawing, the structure is fibrous, crystal grains are drawn, and after solution quenching and artificial aging, the crystal grains are hardly re-nucleated and large.
Mechanical property measurements were performed on the driveshaft tubes of example 2 and comparative example 4, and the detailed results are shown in table 4:
the aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube manufactured in example 2 of this invention has significantly higher tensile strength and yield strength than the aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube manufactured in comparative example 4.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are to be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.6 to 1.0 percent; cu:0.5 to 0.7 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.3%; mn:0.2 to 0.5 percent; mg:0.7 to 1.0 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; cr:0.1 to 0.2 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti is less than or equal to 0.2%; the rare earth element Sc is also contained in the alloy: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; ce:0.15 to 0.25 percent; la:0.15 to 0.25 percent and the balance of Al;
the specific manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following steps: batching, smelting, casting, ingot homogenization treatment, extrusion, annealing, cold rolling, solution quenching, artificial aging and straightening;
the cold rolling process specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out cold rolling on the blank pipe obtained through the annealing process by adopting a two-roller pipe mill at the room temperature of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 70-80%, the feeding speed of the two-roller pipe mill in the cold rolling process is 15-40 r/min, and the aluminum alloy pipe with the outer diameter of phi 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000-7000mm is obtained.
2. The aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube according to claim 1, wherein the casting process adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled to be 100-130m3/h.
3. The aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube according to claim 2, wherein the ingot homogenizing process is specifically: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
4. An aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube according to claim 3, wherein the extrusion process specifically comprises: preheating the aluminum alloy casting rod with the length of 0.35-0.40m to 440-520 ℃, and then extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter phi of 102-156mm in an extruder; wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; and during extrusion molding, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after extrusion.
5. The aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube according to claim 4, wherein prior to preheating, an oxide skin on a surface of said aluminum alloy cast rod is removed.
6. The aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the annealing process specifically includes: heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then loading the annealing furnace into the seamless pipe until the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is raised to 400-450 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5 h, and then discharging and air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
7. The aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube according to claim 6, wherein the solution hardening process specifically includes: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, placing the aluminum alloy pipe in the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and immersing the aluminum alloy pipe in water at 10-35 ℃ for not more than 20s.
8. The aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube according to claim 7, wherein the artificial aging process specifically comprises: heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h for aging, and then naturally cooling.
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